TCM-IO550-Maint Manual

Permold Series
Maintenance
Manual
MODELS I0-550-A
B
C
G
N
P
R
Courtesy of Bomar Flying Service
www.bomar.biz
FORM NO. X30634A FAA APPROVED
© 2001 APRIL 2001
CURRENT STATUS OF PAGES AS OF:
APRIL 2001
See “Manual Revisions,” in the introduction section for distribution procedure.
THE ORIGINAL DATE OF THIS PUBLICATION IS FEBRUARY 1996. INSERT LATEST PAGES;
DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES.
WARNING
If the user of this manual is uncertain whether all current revisions have been
incorporated into the manual, contact Teledyne Continental Motors. Do not
perform any operation, maintenance, installation or other operation until the
manual is confirmed current.
MODEL: I0-550-A,B,C,G, N, P & R FORM X30634A
Cover APRIL 2001 2-4 through 12-5 APRIL 2001 16-2 APRIL 2001
ii ORIGINAL 4-1 APRIL 1998 12-6 APRIL 1998 16-3 APRIL 1998
iii APRIL 2001 4-2 ORIGINAL 12-7 through 16-4 APRIL 1998
iv APRIL 1998 5-1 APRIL 2001 12-10 APRIL 2001 17-1 through
v APRIL 2001 5-2 through 12-11 APRIL 1998 17-3 APRIL 1998
vi APRIL 2001 5-4 APRIL 1998 12-12 ORIGINAL 17-4 APRIL 2001
vii APRIL 1998 5-5 APRIL 2001 13-1 APRIL 2001 17-5 APRIL 1998
viii ORIGINAL 5-6 through 13-2 APRIL 1998 17-6 APRIL 2001
1-1 APRIL 2001 6-1 APRIL 1998 13-3 through 17-7 APRIL 1998
1-2 ORIGINAL 6-2 ORIGINAL 13-15 APRIL 2001 17-8 APRIL 1998
1-3 APRIL 2001 7-1 through 13-16 APRIL 1998 17-9 APRIL 2001
1-4 APRIL 2001 7-7 APRIL 2001 13-17 through 17-10 ORIGINAL
1-5 APRIL 2001 7-8 APRIL 2001 13-19 APRIL 2001 18-1 APRIL 2001
1-6 ORIGINAL 7-9 APRIL 2001 13-20 APRIL 1998 18-2 through
1-7 APRIL 2001 7-10 ORIGINAL 13-21 APRIL 2001 18-5 APRIL 1998
1-8 APRIL 1998 8-1 APRIL 2001 13-22 APRIL 2001 18-6 ORIGINAL
1-9 APRIL 2001 8-2 ORIGINAL 13-23 APRIL 1998 18-7 ORIGINAL
1-12 APRIL 2001 9-3 ORIGINAL 13-26 APRIL 2001 18-10 through
1-16 APRIL 1998 9-7 APRIL 2001 14-4 APRIL 2001 19-1 through
1-18 APRIL 2001 10-1 APRIL 2001 14-6 ORIGINAL 19-4 APRIL 1998
2-1 ORIGINAL 12-2 ORIGINAL 15-5 ORIGINAL 19-9 ORIGINAL
2-2 APRIL 1998 12-3 APRIL 2001 15-6 ORIGINAL 19-10 through
ii APRIL 2001
CURRENT STATUS OF PAGES (CONTINUED)
PAGE STATUS PAGE STATUS PAGE STATUS PAGE STATUS
19-13 APRIL 1998
19-14 ORIGINAL
19-15 APRIL 2001
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19-16 APRIL 1998
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19-34 APRIL 1998
19-35 through
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19-41 APRIL 2001
19-42 APRIL 2001
20-1 APRIL 1998
20-2 APRIL 1998
20-3 APRIL 2001
20-4 through
21-2 APRIL 1998
21-3 ORIGINAL
21-4 APRIL 1998
21-5 ORIGINAL
21-6 APRIL 1998
21-7 APRIL 2001
21-8 APRIL 1998
21-9 APRIL 1998
21-10 ORIGINAL
22-1 APRIL 2001
22-2 APRIL 1998
22-3 APRIL 2001
22-4 APRIL 1998
22-5 APRIL 2001
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22-29 APRIL 1998
22-30 APRIL 2001
22-31 through
22-34 APRIL 1998
APRIL 2001 iii

WARNING
Use only parts meeting the engine type design.
Replacement Parts
Beware of replacement parts, materials and accessories that may be sold as aircraft quality but
whose origin and quality are not known. These parts may be deceptively advertised as "unused,"
"like new," or "remanufactured," and purchasers are often unaware that they are not eligible for use
on certificated aircraft. The hazards involved in installing these types of parts on your aircraft are
obvious.
Know Your Supplier
Many original parts and components are copied and the copies are sold at discounted prices for
installation on U.S. certified aircraft. An original manufacturer's part is often used as a guide to make
duplicates that appear to be as good as the original, but there are many unknowns about the quality
of design, materials, and workmanship. Other factors that go into quality parts are the degree of heat
treating and plating, and inspections, tests, and calibrations. Unfortunately, a cheaply produced part
that looked "as good as the original" is usually found out too late.
Federal Aviation Regulations FAR 43.13 and FAR 145.57 specify performance rules for replacement
of parts and materials used in the maintenance and alteration of United States certificated aircraft.
FAR 91.403, FAR 121.363, FAR 123.45, and FAR 135.143 (a) holds the owner/operator responsible
for the continued airworthiness of the aircraft, and that includes the quality of replacement parts.
Identifying Approved Parts
Approved serviceable replacement parts are identified by:
1. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Form 8130-3 Airworthiness Approval Tag. An
Airworthiness Approval Tag identifies a part or group of parts that have been approved by an
authorized FAA representative.
2. FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO) number and identification mark indicating that the part or
appliance was manufactured in accordance with the requirements of FAR 21 Subpart O.
3. FAA Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA) symbol with the manufacturer's name, part number,
make and model of the type certified product on which the part can legally be installed stamped
on the part. An FAA/PMA is issued under FAR 21.305. Make and model information may be on a
tag attached to the part.
4. Shipping ticket, invoice, or other document which verifies that the part was manufactured by a
facility that was holding an FAA Approved Production Inspection System Certificate issued under
FAR 21 Subpart F, or by a manufacturer holding an FAA Production Certificate issued under
FAR 21 Subpart G.
5. Certificate of airworthiness for export issued by governments in countries other than the United
States of America under the provisions of FAR 21 Subpart N.
It's Your Responsibility
The owner/operator is responsible for the continued airworthiness of the aircraft. In accordance with
FAR, certification of materials, parts and appliances for return to service for use on aircraft is the
responsibility of the person/agency who signs the approval. To insure the continued safe operation
of your aircraft, you must exercise great care when inspecting, testing, and determining the
acceptability of all parts and materials. A very important part of this is verifying the origin of all
materials, parts, and accessories that are used on your aircraft .
iv APRIL 1998
Notice to all users
This manual does not contain maintenance information for supplemental type certificated
components or systems. This manual contains information on engines, components and systems
designed, tested and certified by TCM in accordance with the pertinent type design data.
This manual contains maintenance information only. All personnel involved with these functions
must thoroughly read and understand the information provided; these instructions provide the
procedures necessary to operate, maintain and install an engine and they must be followed
carefully.
This manual contains no warranties, either expressed or implied.

Publication Format
This publication is formatted for practical use and ease of reference. Due to the large volume of
information necessary for maintenance, chapters are independently numbered. For example,
chapter 1 begins on page 1; chapter 2 begins again with page 1, etc. To locate information easily,
use the Publication Table of Contents and the Chapter Contents provided at each division.
WARNING
The Operator and Installation manual, Maintenance, manual, Overhaul manual,
Service Documents and the Parts Catalog constitute the instructions for Continued
Airworthiness prepared by TCM as approved by the FAA, pursuant to FAR Part 33. As
required by FAR § 43.13, each person performing overhaul, maintenance, alteration
or preventive maintenance on the engine or accessories must use the methods,
techniques and practices prescribed in the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness.
Failure to comply with the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness may result in
engine malfunction, engine failure, injury or death.
To The Mechanic
Prior to performing, maintenance, alteration, overhaul or preventive maintenance the mechanic
must meet requirements of FAR 65 and must follow FAR Parts 43, 91 and 145 as applicable. Use
this manual in conjunction with Teledyne Continental Motors (TCM) service documents, related
publications, accessory manufacturer’s instructions, FAR and FAA Advisory Circulars.
APRIL 2001 v
Notes, Cautions and Warnings…
NOTE...
Special interest information which may facilitate performance of a procedure or operation of
equipment.
CAUTION...
Used to emphasize certain information or instructions which if disregarded may result in damage to
engine or accessories.
WARNING
Used to provide warning and/or instructions which if disregarded, will endanger
personnel and/or severely damage the engine resulting in subsequent engine
malfunction or failure.
Notes, cautions and warnings do not impose undue restrictions. They are inserted to obtain
maximum safety, efficiency and performance. Abuse, misuse or neglect of equipment can cause
eventual engine malfunction or failure.
vi APRIL 2001
CHAPTER INDEX
COVER PAGES PAGE
Status Page......................................................................................................................iii
WARNING ........................................................................................................................iv
Notice To All Users...........................................................................................................v
Notes, Cautions and Warnings.........................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ............................................................................................................................ PAGE
1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 1-3
2 Tools (Maintenance)................................................................................................. 2-1
3 Approved Products .................................................................................................. 3-1
4 Airworthiness Limitations.......................................................................................... 4-1
5 Time Limits/Operational Inspection/Troubleshooting .............................................. 5-1
6 Unpacking/De-inhibiting/lnstallation & Test ............................................................. 6-1
7 Servicing, Fluids ...................................................................................................... 7-1
8 Engine Preservation and Storage ............................................................................ 8-1
9 Standard Practices .................................................................................................. 9-1
10 Engine Maintenance ................................................................................................ 10-1
11 Exhaust System ....................................................................................................... 11-1
12 Ignition System ........................................................................................................ 12-1
13 Fuel System ............................................................................................................. 13-1
14 Induction System ..................................................................................................... 14-1
15 Air Conditioning System .......................................................................................... 15-1
16 Electrical Charging System ...................................................................................... 16-1
17 Starter & Starter Adapter .......................................................................................... 17-1
18 Lubrication System ................................................................................................... 18-1
19 Cylinder Assembly ................................................................................................... 19-1
20 Crankcase ................................................................................................................ 20-1
21 Engine Drive Train.................................................................................................... 21-1
22 Post Maintenance Adjustment And Test ................................................................. 22-1
APRIL 1998 vii

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viii
CHAPTER 1
SECTION PAGE
1-1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1-3
1-2 Scope............................................................................................................ 1-3
1-3 Definition of Terms........................................................................................ 1-3
1-4 Manual Revisions ......................................................................................... 1-3
1-5 Related Publications ..................................................................................... 1-4
1-6 Service Documents....................................................................................... 1-5
1-7 Service Reports and Inquiries....................................................................... 1-5
1-8 Description of Engine Model Code ............................................................... 1-7
1-9 Engine Design Features ............................................................................... 1-7
1-10 General ......................................................................................................... 1-20
1-11 Engine Specifications ................................................................................... 1-20
1-12 Operating Limits............................................................................................ 1-20
FIGURE PAGE
1-1 Engine Description I0-550-A......................................................................... 1-8
1-2 Engine Description I0-550-B......................................................................... 1-10
1-3 Engine Description I0-550-C......................................................................... 1-12
1-4 Engine Description I0-550-G & N ................................................................. 1-14
1-5 Engine Description I0-550-P......................................................................... 1-16
1-6 Engine Description I0-550-R......................................................................... 1-18
APRIL 2001 1-1

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
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1-2
1-1 INTRODUCTION
This maintenance manual and the publications listed in Section 1-5, "Related Publications,"
contain the information necessary to operate, maintain and install an aircraft engine.
For a list of chapters contained in this manual refer to the Chapter Index on page vii.
For a list of subject matter, figures and tables contained in each chapter, see the first page of
each chapter. The pages, figures and tables contained in this publication are numbered
consecutively.
This manual covers the I0-550-A, B, C, G, N, P and R engines.
1-2 SCOPE
This publication contains the information necessary to perform scheduled maintenance, adjust
and test the above model engines.
1-3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
In this manual, front, rear, left and right refer to the engine as viewed from the accessory end.
The accessory end is the rear and the propeller flange is the front of the engine. Cylinders are
numbered starting from the rear, with odd numbers on the right and even numbers on the left.
1-4 MANUAL REVISIONS
Teledyne Continental Motors manuals are revised as necessary. Revisions to this manual will
be furnished to purchasers who fill out and return the registration post card located in the front
of this manual.
Page iii, "Current Status Of Pages," is updated at each revision. Remove and discard the old
page iii. Insert the new page iii as a record of which revisions have been incorporated into the
manual.
WARNING
If for any reason the user of this manual is uncertain whether all current
revisions have been incorporated into the manual, contact Teledyne Continental
Motors or a TCM Distributor to confirm the manual is the most current revision.
Do not use the manual and do not perform any operation, maintenance or
installation procedures or other operations on the engine or accessories until
the manual has been confirmed to be current.
This manual is current and correct to the best of Teledyne Continental Motors
knowledge at the time of publication. Teledyne Continental Motors solicits and
encourages users comments regarding suggested changes to this manual (a
post card is provided at the front of the manual for this purpose.) Routine
recommended changes or questions should be sent to:
Teledyne Continental Motors
P.O. Box 90
Mobile, Alabama 36601
ATTN: Technical Publications Department
If the user observes incorrect information or mistakes in this publication that
may affect safety in any manner, immediately call the Technical Publications
Department of Teledyne Continental Motors at (334) 438-3411, or contact a
Teledyne Continental Motors Distributor or the Federal Aviation Administration .
APRIL 2001 1-3

1-5 RELATED PUBLICATIONS
The following is a listing of related manuals:
1. Overhaul Manual for I0-550-A,B,C,G,N,P and R, Form X30568A.
2. Illustrated Parts Catalog for I0-550-A,B,C,G,N,P and R Aircraft Engine, Form
X30569A.
3. Operator and Installation Manual, Form X30565.
4. Teledyne Continental Motors Aircraft Engine Service Documents (including
service bulletins).
5. Fuel Injection Manual, Form X30593A.
6. Starter Service Instructions, Form X30592.
7. TCM Ignition Systems Master Service Manual, Form X40000
8. Alternator Maintenance and Parts Catalog, Form No. X30531-3.
The above publications can be ordered through your Teledyne Continental Motors
Distributor or ordered directly, if prepaid, from:
Teledyne Continental Motors

P. 0. Box 90
Mobile, Alabama 36601
ATTN: Publication Sales Department
Telephone: (334) 438-3411
For price information on the above publications request TCM Publications Pricing Index
of Current Publications and Optional Publications.
9. Slick Ignition Systems Master Service Manual Index and Order Form No.
F-1100. Order through:
Slick Aircraft Products, Unison Industries
530 Blackhawk Park Avenue
Rockford, Illinois 61104
ATTN: Subscription Department
Telephone: (815) 965-4700
10. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Order through:
ASTM 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA.
19103-1187 USA
Ph: (215) 299-5400
1-4 APRIL 2001

1-6 SERVICE DOCUMENTS
Teledyne Continental Motors service documents are divided into six categories: (1) Mandatory
Service Bulletin, (2) Critical Service Bulletin, (3) Service Bulletin, (4) Service Information
Directive (5) Service Information Letter and (6) Special Service Notice (SSN). See Section 1-5,
"Related Publications," for service document ordering information.
SERVICE DOCUMENT CATEGORY DEFINITIONS
CATEGORY 1: "MANDATORY SERVICE BULLETIN" (MSB)- Service documents relating to
known or suspected hazards to safety that have been incorporated in whole or in part in an
Airworthiness Directive (AD) issued by the FAA or have been issued, at the direction of FAA, by
the manufacturer in order to require compliance with an already issued AD (or an equivalent
issued by another country's airworthiness authority).
CATEGORY 2: "CRITICAL SERVICE BULLETIN" (CSB)- Service documents (not included in
Category 1) that have been determined by the product manufacturer to constitute a threat to
continued safe operation of an aircraft or to persons or property on the ground unless some
specific action (inspection, repair, replacement, etc..) is taken by the product owner or operator.
Documents in this category may be incorporated in an Airworthiness Directive issued by the
FAA.
CATEGORY 3: "SERVICE BULLETIN" (SB)- Service documents (not included in Categories 1
and 2) considered by the product manufacturer to constitute a substantial improvement to the
inherent safety of an aircraft or component of an aircraft. This "Service Bulletin" category also
includes updates of instructions for continued airworthiness.
CATEGORY 4: "SERVICE INFORMATION DIRECTIVE" (SID)- Service documents (not
included in Categories 1, 2 or 3) that have been determined by the manufacturer to be of value
to an owner/operator in the use of a product by enhancing safety, maintenance or economy.
CATEGORY 5: "SERVICE INFORMATION LETTER" (SIL)- This category includes all
information (not included in Categories 1 through 4) that may be of use to the owner/operator or
maintainer of the aircraft.
CATEGORY 6 “SPECIAL SERVICE
NOTICE” (SSN)-TCM may issue a Special Service Notice when a product condition can be
rectified by direct contact with each customer to whom the product was delivered. Special
service notices will be upgraded to Service Bulletins if confirmation of compliance with the
Special Service Notice cannot be verified by TCM.
1-7 SERVICE REPORTS AND INQUIRIES

If for any reason you have an inquiry or require technical assistance, contact your local TCM
distributor or TCM field representative. Requests for copies of Teledyne Continental Aircraft
Engine service publications should be made through your distributor or Teledyne Continental
Motors, P. 0. Box 90, Mobile, AL 36601, ATTN: Publications Sales Department.
1-8 TCM INTERNET SITE

Access the TCM internet site at WWW.TCMLINK.COM
APRIL 2001 1-5

INTENTIONALLY
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1-6
1-8 DESCRIPTION OF ENGINE MODEL CODE
DETAILED ENGINE DESCRIPTION

Example: I0-550-B (1)
Prefix Specification Number
I- Fuel Injection Refer to Related Parts
O - Horizontally Opposed Catalog for Information
Cylinder Displacement Suffix
550 Cubic Inch The "B" Letter Identifies
the Model of Engine
1-9 ENGINE DESIGN FEATURES

The I0-550 permold series engines are air cooled, having six horizontally opposed
overhead inclined valve cylinders. The cylinder displacement of 550 cubic inches is
achieved with a 5.25 inch bore and a 4.25 inch stroke. The I0-550 Permold series
engines are fuel injected with a up draft induction system except for the I0550-G,N,P
and R, which have down draft induction systems. The crankshaft is equipped with
pendulum type counterweight dampers that suppress torsional vibrations.
The I0-550 Permold Series engines have a doweled six bolt hole configuration propeller
flange. A mounting pad is provided to utilize a hydraulic controlled governor for a
constant speed propeller.
The I0-550 Permold series engines are designed with a wet sump and a positive
displacement oil pump installed on the lower rear portion of the crankcase. When
properly adjusted under normal operating conditions, the desired oil pressure is
maintained by a pressure relief valve located in the oil pump housing. Engine cranking is
accomplished by a geared right angle drive starter adapter and a direct current starter
motor.
A gear driven alternator is installed on the right front side of the crankcase forward of the
number 5 cylinder. The engine is equipped with two gear driven magnetos and two
accessory drive pads. The exhaust system is supplied by the airframe manufacturer.
NOTE...The figures depicted in this publication are for illustration purpose only. They are
not intended to be accurate detailed illustrations of any specific engine model, part or
equipment.
APRIL 2001 1-7

#5 #3 #1
STARTER MOTOR
ENGINE MOUNT
ALTERNATOR
STARTER ADAPTER
FUEL PUMP
FUEL
MANIFOLD
VALVE OIL FILTER
INDUCTION INDUCTION TUBE

BALANCE TUBE
OIL COOLER
1200 SERIES MAGNETO
OIL FILLER &

#6 #4 #2 CRANKCASE
BREATHER
TOP VIEW IO-550-A
MAGNETOS
OIL FILLER & DIPSTICK
FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE OIL COOLER

SPARK PLUG
OIL FILTER
FUEL PUMP
Continental Continental Continental
FUEL
PROP METERING
GOVERNOR UNIT
PAD
OIL PRESSURE
INDUCTION CONNECTION
OIL SUMP
BALANCE ENGINE OIL TEMPERATURE
TUBE MOUNT
OIL SUMP CONNECTION
DRAIN INDUCTION TUBE
SIDE VIEW IO-550-A

FIGURE 1-1. ENGINE DESCRIPTION I0-550-A
1-8 APRIL 1998

RETARD MAGNETO SWITCH
CONNECTION CONNECTION
CYLINDER BARREL
ALTERNATOR CYLINDER HEAD
ROCKER
COVER
HEAD TEMP.
PORT 6 CYLINDERS
PUSHROD
INDUCTION MANIFOLD
HOUSING
BALANCE TUBE
OIL SUMP DRAIN

INTAKE MANIFOLD
DRAIN
FRONT VIEW IO-550-A
VACUUM PUMP
AND 20000 FUEL PUMP
RETURN
DRIVE PAD
FUEL INLET VAPOR RETURN TO
FROM FUEL TANK TANK
FUEL PUMP OUTLET FUEL RETURN
TO FUEL CONTROL FROM METERING UNIT
STARTER ADAPTER
OIL FILTER
STARTER
MOTOR
OIL COOLER
MANIFOLD PRESSURE
REFERENCE
ENGINE MOUNT
4 PLACES
OIL TEMPERATURE
CONTROL VALVE
(VERNATHERM) THROTTLE ASSEMBLY
INTAKE MANIFOLD
ELECTRICAL TACH DRAIN
DRIVE AND 20005
REAR VIEW IO-550-A
FIGURE 1-1. ENGINE DESCRIPTION IO-550-A (continued)
APRIL 2001 1-9

#5 #3 #1
STARTER MOTOR
ALTERNATOR
STARTER ADAPTER
FUEL PUMP
OIL FILTER
ENGINE MOUNT
FUEL
MANIFOLD
VALVE
INDUCTION INDUCTION TUBE

BALANCE TUBE
OIL COOLER
MAGNETO
OIL FILLER &

#6 #4 #2 CRANKCASE
BREATHER
TOP VIEW IO-550-B

MAGNETOS
FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE

OIL COOLER
SPARK PLUG
OIL FILTER
PROP
GOVERNOR
PAD
INDUCTION
BALANCE ENGINE OIL PRESSURE
TUBE MOUNT CONNECTION
OIL TEMPERATURE
OIL SUMP CONNECTION
INDUCTION TUBE
FUEL METERING UNIT
SIDE VIEW IO-550-B

FIGURE 1-2. ENGINE DESCRIPTION I0-550-B
1-10 APRIL 1998

RETARD MAGNETO SWITCH
CONNECTION CONNECTION
CYLINDER BARREL
ALTERNATOR
CYLINDER HEAD
HEAD TEMP.
ROCKER PORT 6 CYLINDERS
COVER
PUSHROD
HOUSING
INDUCTION
BALANCE TUBE
ENGINE
MANIFOLD MOUNT
DRAIN
OIL SUMP
FRONT VIEW IO-550-B

VACUUM PUMP AND 20000
RETURN DRIVE PAD FUEL PUMP
FUEL INLET FROM VAPOR RETURN TO

FUEL TANK TANK
FUEL RETURN FROM FUEL

FUEL OUTLET CONTROL
TO FUEL CONTROL
STARTER MOTOR
OIL FILTER
STARTER
ADAPTER
OIL TEMPERATURE
CONTROL VALVE
TACH DRIVE
(VERNATHERM)
MANIFOLD PRESSURE
SEAL DRAIN REFERENCE
OIL PUMP
THROTTLE
INTAKE MANIFOLD DRAIN

FUEL CONTROL
UNIT
REAR VIEW IO-550-B

FIGURE 1-2. ENGINE DESCRIPTION I0-550-B (continued )
APRIL 1998 1-11

FUEL INJECTORS
#5 #3 #1 MAGNETOS
STARTER
MOTOR
ALTERNATOR STARTER ADAPTER
THROTTLE &
FUEL CONTROL
CRANKSHAFT
AND PROP
FLANGE
FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE
CRANKCASE
INDUCTION SYSTEM OIL FILTER

BALANCE TUBE
OIL COOLER
CYLINDER
ASSEMBLY OIL FILLER AND
CRANKCASE BREATHER
#6 #4 #2
VALVE COVERS
TOP VIEW IO-550-C

MAGNETOS
FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE OIL COOLER
SPARK PLUG ENGINE

MOUNT
OIL FILTER
FUEL PUMP
PROP FUEL
GOVERNOR METERING
PAD ENGINE UNIT
MOUNT
INDUCTION
BALANCE OIL SUMP INDUCTION TUBE OIL PRESSURE
TUBE PORT
OIL SUMP
DRAIN
OIL TEMPERATURE
PORT
SIDE VIEW IO-550-C

FIGURE 1-3. ENGINE DESCRIPTION I0-550-C
1-12 APRIL 2001

MAGNETO SWITCH
RETARD
CONNECTION
CONNECTION
CYLINDER BARREL
ALTERNATOR CYLINDER HEAD
ROCKER
COVER
HEAD TEMP.
PORT 6 CYLINDERS
INDUCTION PUSHROD
MANIFOLD HOUSING
BALANCE INTAKE
TUBE MANIFOLD
DRAIN OIL SUMP DRAIN
FRONT VIEW IO-550-C

OIL FILTER
OIL COOLER
CYLINDER
HEAD
ROCKER
COVER
PUSHROD
HOUSING
ENGINE
MOUNT STARTER ADAPTER
INLET FROM FUEL PUMP

THROTTLE
REAR VIEW IO-550-C
FIGURE 1-3. ENGINE DESCRIPTION I0-550-C (continued)
APRIL 2001 1-13

SPARK PLUGS
MAGNETOS
INDUCTION
TUBES STARTER
ALTERNATOR
STARTER
ADAPTER
CRANKSHAFT
AND FLANGE FUEL PUMP
FUEL MANIFOLD
VALVE
CRANKCASE
OIL FILTER
CYLINDER OIL COOLER

CRANKCASE BREATHER
VALVE COVERS
TOP VIEW IO-550-G & N

INDUCTION SYSTEM
MAGNETOS
OIL FILLER
FUEL MANIFOLD
& DIPSTICK
VALVE
FUEL CONTROL
& THROTTLE
SPARK OIL COOLER

CRANKSHAFT PLUG
PROP
FLANGE OIL FILTER
90o TACH DRIVE

PROP GOVERNOR
DRIVE PAD
VERNATHERM
OIL TEMP.
PORT
ENGINE MOUNTS
SIDE VIEW IO-550-G & N*

*The IO-550-N is externally identical to the IO-550-G except for
tapered cylinder barrel fins
FIGURE 1-4. ENGINE DESCRIPTION I0-550-G & N
1-14 APRIL 2001

THROTTLE
FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE
CRANKSHAFT
PROPELLER FLANGE
BALANCED
INDUCTION
TUBES
ALTERNATOR
VALVE
COVER
PUSHROD HEAD TEMP.

TUBE PORT 6 CYLINDERS
CYLINDER
DRAIN
2 PLACES
ENGINE MOUNT ENGINE MOUNT
OIL SUMP
OIL DRAIN
SIDE VIEW IO-550-G & N

FULL FLOW OIL FILTER
ACCESSORY DRIVES
INDUCTION
STARTER
OIL COOLER
CYLINDER
VALVE
COVER MIXTURE CONTROL
TACH
DRIVE OIL PUMP
OIL PRESSURE
PORT
OIL SUMP
ENGINE MOUNTS
OIL SUMP
DRAIN PLUG
REAR VIEW IO-550-G & N

FIGURE 1-4. ENGINE DESCRIPTION I0-550-G & N (continued)
Courtesy of Bomar Flying Service
www.bomar.biz
APRIL 1998 1-15

SPARK PLUGS
MAGNETOS
INDUCTION
TUBES STARTER
ALTERNATOR
STARTER
ADAPTER
CRANKSHAFT
FUEL MANIFOLD
VALVE
CRANKCASE
OIL FILTER
CYLINDER OIL COOLER

CRANKCASE BREATHER
VALVE COVERS
TOP VIEW IO-550-P
INDUCTION
SYSTEM
OIL FILLER
FUEL MANIFOLD & DIPSTICK MAGNETOS
VALVE
FUEL CONTROL
& THROTTLE
SPARK OIL COOLER
CRANKSHAFT PLUG
PROP FLANGE OIL FILTER
o
90 TACH DRIVE
PROP GOVERNOR VERNATHERM

DRIVE PAD
OIL TEMPERATURE
PORT
ENGINE MOUNTS
SUMP
PLUG
SIDE VIEW IO-550-P

Figure 1-5. ENGINE DESCRIPTION IO-550-P
1-16 APRIL 1998

THROTTLE
FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE
CRANKSHAFT
PROPELLER FLANGE
BALANCED
INDUCTION
TUBES
ALTERNATOR
VALVE
COVER
PUSHROD HEAD TEMP.

CYLINDER
DRAIN
2 PLACES
ENGINE MOUNT ENGINE MOUNT
OIL SUMP
OIL DRAIN
FRONT VIEW IO-550-P

ACCESSORY DRIVES
INDUCTION
STARTER
OIL COOLER
CYLINDER
VALVE
TACH
DRIVE OIL PUMP
OIL PRESSURE
PORT
OIL SUMP
ENGINE MOUNTS
OIL SUMP
DRAIN PLUG
REAR VIEW IO-550-P

FIGURE 1-5. ENGINE DESCRIPTION IO-550-P (continued)
APRIL 2001 1-17

SPARK PLUGS
MAGNETOS
INDUCTION
TUBES STARTER
ALTERNATOR
STARTER
ADAPTER
CRANKSHAFT
FUEL MANIFOLD
VALVE
CRANKCASE
OIL FILTER
CYLINDER OIL COOLER

CRANKCASE BREATHER
VALVE COVERS
TOP VIEW IO-550-R

INDUCTION SYSTEM
OIL FILLER MAGNETOS
FUEL MANIFOLD & DIPSTICK
VALVE
FUEL CONTROL
& THROTTLE
SPARK OIL COOLER

CRANKSHAFT PLUG
PROP
FLANGE OIL FILTER
90 o TACH DRIVE
PROP GOVERNOR
DRIVE PAD
VERNATHERM
OIL TEMP.
PORT
ENGINE
MOUNTS
SIDE VIEW IO-550-R

FIGURE 1-6. ENGINE DESCRIPTION IO-550-R
1-18 APRIL 2001

THROTTLE
CRANKSHAFT FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE
PROPELLER FLANGE
BALANCED
INDUCTION
TUBES
ALTERNATOR
VALVE
COVER
PUSHROD HEAD TEMP.

CYLINDER
DRAIN
2 PLACES
ENGINE
ENGINE MOUNT
MOUNT
OIL SUMP
OIL DRAIN
FRONT VIEW IO-550-R

ACCESSORY DRIVES
INDUCTION
STARTER
OIL COOLER
CYLINDER
VALVE
TACH
DRIVE OIL PUMP
OIL PRESSURE
PORT
ENGINE MOUNT
OIL SUMP
OIL SUMP
DRAIN PLUG
REAR VIEW IO-550-R

FIGURE 1-6. ENGINE DESCRIPTION IO-550-R (continued)
APRIL 2001 1-19

1-10 GENERAL
The operating limits and specifications listed in this section are applicable to the I0-550
Permold Series aircraft engines. Consult the I0-550 Operator And Installation Manual, Form
X30565 for additional operating procedures.
For time between overhaul (T80) for I0-550 Permold Series engines see section 5-3 and the
latest TBO Service Bulletin (Revised Overhaul Periods For All Teledyne Continental Aircraft
Engines). Accessories supplied with engine by TCM have the same TBO; with criteria for
service and longevity outlined in current TCM TBO Service Bulletins, unless otherwise
specified.
1-11 ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS

Manufacturer Teledyne Continental Motors
Models I0-550-A, B, C, G, N, P & R
Cylinders
Arrangement.................................................................................... horizontally opposed
Compression Ratio ................................................................................................... 8.5:1
Firing Order .................................................................................................... 1-6-3-2-5-4
Number of cylinders........................................................................................................ 6
Bore (Inches) ..............................................................................................................5.25
Stroke (Inches) ...........................................................................................................4.25
Piston Displacement (cu in ) ....................................................................................... 550
Brake Horsepower
Rated Maximum Continuous Operation (I0-550-A,B&C) ............................................. 300
Rated Maximum Continuous Operation (I0-550-G) ..................................................... 280
Rated Maximum Continuous Operation (I0-550-N, P, R) ............................................ 310
1-12 OPERATING LIMITS

NOTE...The following specifications apply to all I0-550 Permold Series engines unless otherwise
specified.
Crankshaft Speed - RPM
Rated Maximum Continuous Operation (I0550-A,B,C,N,P,R) ....................................2700
Rated Maximum Continuous Operation (I0550-G) .....................................................2500
Idle........................................................................................................................ 600 Min.
Intake Manifold Pressure At Idle (In. Hg.) ................................................................ 18.5 Max.
Fuel Control System ..................................................... Continental Continuous Flow Injector
Fuel ........................................................................ For Fuel grade, see Chapter 7, Servicing
Oil ............................................................For Oil grade & capacity, see Chapter 7, Servicing
Oil Pressure
Idle, Minimum, psi @75° F ............................................................................................10
Normal Operation, psi @ 200° F ......................................................................... 30 to 60
Oil Sump Capacity (U.S. Quarts) I0-550-A,B,C,R ...............................................................12
Oil Sump Capacity (U.S. Quarts) I0-550- G & N .................................................................. 8
Oil Sump Capacity (U.S. Quarts) I0-550- P.........................................................................10
Oil Consumption (Lb /BHP/Hr. Max.)..............................................................006 X % Power
100
1-20 APRIL 2001

Oil Temperature Limits
Minimum for Take-Off ..............................................................................................75°F
Limit ....................................................................................................................... 240°F
Recommended Operational.......................................................................... 170°-220°F
Ignition Timing (Compression stroke, breaker opens)
Right Magneto, degrees BTC ...............................................................................22° ± 1°
Left Magneto, degrees BTC..................................................................................22° ± 1°
The following spark plugs are approved for use in engine models according to the following
listing:
I0-550 Permold Series:
Use: TCM 634675
Champion RHB32E
Spark Plug Gap ............................................... Use spark plug manufacturer's specified gap
APRIL 1998 1-21

ACCESSORY DRIVE RATIOS TO CRANKSHAFT
Accessory Direction of Rotation Drive Ratio
Tachometer CCW 0.5:1
Magneto CCW 1.5:1
Starter CCW 48:1
Alternator (Gear Dr.) CCW 3:1
**Propeller Governor CW 1:1
Fuel Pump (Injection) CW 1:1
Accessory Drives (2) CW 1.5:1
WARNING
Oil pressure is applied to the face of accessory drive pads. If gasket, accessory or
cover is not properly installed and hardware is not properly torqued oil leakage will
occur.
CAUTION...A removable oil transfer tube conducts oil under pressure from the front main bearing
through the crankshaft to the propeller hub. Crankshafts are equipped with an oil transfer collar to
supply the governor controlled oil to the crankshaft for use with an oil controlled propeller. When a
test club or fixed pitch propeller is used for testing purposes the governor pad cover must have an
internal grooved surface to allow the circulating oil to lubricate the oil transfer collar. The governor
pad cover is not needed if a propeller governor is installed.
"CW'- Clockwise and CCW - Counterclockwise (facing drive pad).
** This drive is a modified AND 20010 and is supplied with cover plate only.
1-22 APRIL 2001

CHAPTER 2
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Section Page
2-1 General Information........................................................................... 2-2

2-2 Possible Special Tool Procurement Sources .................................... 2-3
2-3 Special Tools..................................................................................... 2-4
2-1
2-1 GENERAL INFORMATION
The mechanic should be equipped with a complete set of the necessary tools that include the
following:
1. Wrenches - 1/4” through 1 1/4"
2. Common and Philips Head Screwdrivers
3. Pliers - Common, Diagonal Cutters, Needle Nose, Duck Bill, Snap Ring , Safety Wire
4. Ratchets 1/4", 3/8", 1/2" Drive
5. Sockets - 1/4”' Drive 5/32" through 1/2",- 3/8" Drive 3/8" through 1" - 1/2" Drive 7/16" through
1-1/ 4"
6. Sockets (Deepwell) -1/2" Drive, 7/6" through 1"
7. Feeler Gauges
8. Leather or Soft Plastic Mallet
9. Torque Wrenches* 0-500 In. Lbs. and 0-100 Ft. Lbs.
10. Micrometers*
11. Slide Hammer
12. Pullers
13. Thickness Gauges
14. Vernier Calipers*
15. Small Hole Gauges
* Must be currently calibrated, and the calibration must be traceable to the National Bureau of
Standards.
2-2 APRIL 1998

2-2 POSSIBLE SPECIAL TOOL PROCUREMENT SOURCES
—NOTICE—
All tools in the "Special Tool" list are for reference only, and not for the purpose of promoting or
suggesting tools to be purchased from the indicated sources. The following information is given as an
aid for special tool procurement purposes.
COMPANY GENERAL PRODUCT SUMMARY

ALCOR AVIATION INC. Instruments for Light Powered Aircraft
2043 Colwick Special Tools
San Antonio, TX 78216 Ph.210/349-6491
SPX KENT- MOORE Precision Instruments
28635 Mound Rd. Measuring Instruments
Warren, Ml 48092 Ph. 800/253-0138 Precision Tools, Special Tools
FEDERAL MOGUL AVIATION PRODUCTS Spark Plugs, lgnitors, Oil Filters
1230 Old Norris Rd. Special Tools
P.O. Box 686 Liberty SC 29657-0686
EASTERN TECHNOLOGY CORP. Fuel Pressure Test Equipment
180 Roberts St. Measuring Instruments
East Hartford, CT 06108 Ph. 860/528-9821 Precision Tools
Piston Position Indicators
MAHR FEDERAL Precision Inspection Instruments
2828-L I85 So. Special Tools
Charlotte, N.C. 28208 Ph:704/398-2298
AIRCRAFT TOOL SUPPLY Precision Tools
P.O. Box 4525, 2840 Breard St. Special Tools
Monroe, LA 71201 Ph. 507/451 -5310
McMASTER-CARR SUPPLY CO. Precision Tools
P.O. Box 4355 Special Tools
Chicago, Illinois 60680 Ph. 312/833-0300
SNAP ON TOOLS Precision Tools
P.O. Box 6900 Special Tools
Norcross, Ga. 30091 Ph. 800/947-6655
KELL-STROM TOOL COMPANY, INC. Ignition Test Equipment
214 Church St.
Wethersfield, CT 06109 Ph:860/529-6851
KRAUTKRAMER BRANSON Ultrasonic Test Equipment
P.O. Box 350
Lewistown, PA 17044 Ph. 717/242/0327
MERRIT ABRASIVES Special Tools
201 W. Mansville or P.O. Box 5447
Compton, California 90224 Ph. 310/639-4242
APPROVED AIRCRAFT ACCESSORIES, INC./ Model 20 ATM-C Porta-Test Unit
AERO TEST©
P.O. Box 666
Taylor, Michigan 48174 Ph. 734/946-7777
PARKER RESEARCH CORPORATION Model DA-200 Contour Probe
P.O. Box 1406 Dunedin Fla.
34697 Ph. 1-800-525-3935 Fax. 813-797-3941
APRIL 2001 2-3

2-3 SPECIAL TOOLS
Specific tools listed or equivalent tools marketed by other manufacturers are necessary for overhaul
and maintenance of the aircraft engine.
ITEM TOOL SEE
NO. SECTION
GENERAL ENGINE RECIPROCATING
1. 646953 Master Orifice Tool for cylinder compression test available from Kent - 5-4
Moore. 5-4
2. 7251 Differential Pressure Cylinder Checker available from Kent - Moore.
IGNITION SYSTEM
3. Borrough's 3608A Protractor/Timing Indicator Disc or equivalent for setting 12-6
engine timing.
4. Model E25 Timing Indicator available from Eastern Electronics, Inc. 12-7
5. 11-9110-1 Magneto Timing Light available from KELL-STROM Tool Company 12-7
Inc.
6. FUEL INJECTION 13-3
Borrough's 8165 Injector Nozzle Remover and Installer or equivalent.
7. CHARGING SYSTEM 16-5
Borrough's 7726 Tork Band Tension Adjuster or equivalent for Gen./Alt. Belt
8. Tensioning. 16-5
9. BT-33-73F Belt Tension Gauge available from Kent - Moore. 16-5
10. Borrough's 4973 Generator Drive Holders or equivalent. 16-5
11. Borrough's 61-5 Pulley Puller or equivalent for gen./alt. sheave removal 16-5
12. Borrough's 8091 GEN./ALT. Output Tester or equivalent.
647 Alternator Analyzer Voltage Regulator Tester available from Eastern 16-5
13. Electronics, Inc. 16-5
14. E100 Alternator/Regulator/Battery Tester available from Eastern Electronics, Inc. 16-5
Model 29 Voltage & Circuit Tester available from Eastern Electronics, Inc.
15. STARTING SYSTEM 17-5
16. Borrough's 8093C Bearing Puller or equivalent for needle bearing removal. 17-5
Borroughs 23-1 Needle Bearing Installer or equivalent.
17. LUBRICATION SYSTEM 18-3
8048 Oil Pressure Relief Spot Facer available from Kent - Moore.
18. CYLINDERS 19-6
19. 68-3 Push Rod Spring Compressor available from Kent - Moore.
20. 5203, 5204 &8158A Cylinder Base Nut Wrenches available from Kent - Moore.
21. Borrough's 8079 Cylinder Base Nut Wrenches or equivalent.
22. 3882, 3882-2 Cylinder Base Nut Wrenches available from Kent - Moore.
23. 3601 Ring Compressor for cylinder installation available from Kent - Moore.
24. 8121 Piston Pin Removers available from Kent - Moore. 24.
25. 3602 Valve Spring Compressor available from Kent - Moore.
26. 545-116 Dial Bore Gauges available from Federal Tool Supply Co., Inc.
27. CFL10 Cylinder Hone available from Snap On Tools.
No. 1675 Valve Seat Grinder Set "Sioux Brand" available from Aircraft Tool
28. Supply.
29. AEX 437 Valve Seat Grinder Pilot .437 Dia. available from Aircraft Tool Supply.
K106 Intake Valve Seat Grinding Stone (Roughening 45°) available from Aircraft
30. Tool Supply.
K46 Intake Valve Seat Grinding Stone (Finishing 45°) available from Aircraft Tool
31. Supply.
K95 Exhaust Valve Seat Grinding Stone (Roughening 45°) available from Aircraft
32. Tool Supply. 19-6
K25 Exhaust Valve Seat Grinding Stone (Finishing 45°) available from Aircraft
Tool Supply.
NOTE…
See possible sources on page 2-3 for tool procurement.
2-4 APRIL 1998

ITEM TOOL SEE
NO SECTION
33. Borrough's 5221A Holding Fixture Adapters or equivalent. 19-6
34. Borrough's 5221 13A Cylinder Holding Fixture or equivalent.
35. Borrough's 8156 Cylinder Heating Stand or equivalent.
36. Borrough's 8086 Valve Seat Insert Remover & Replacer or equivalent.
37. Borrough's 4910 Installer Valve Seat Insert or equivalent.
38. Borrough's 4956 Installer Valve Seat Insert or equivalent.
39. Borrough's 8116 Common Parts Kit or equivalent.
40. Borrough's 8116-1 B through 15B Boring Bars or equivalent.
41. Borrough's 8116-1 R through 15R Reamers or equivalent.
42. Borrough's 8116-1 through 16 Expanding Guide Bodies or equivalent.
43. 4909 Valve Seat (Straight Side) Insert Cutters available from Kent - Moore.
4954 Valve Seat (Straight Side) Insert Cutters available from Kent - Moore.
44. 8135 Valve Seat (Step Side) Insert Cutters available from Kent - Moore.
8136 Valve Seat (Step Side) Insert Cutters available from Kent - Moore.
8138 Valve Seat (Step Side) Insert Cutters available from Kent - Moore.
45. Borrough's 8122A Common Drive Handle or equivalent.
46. 122 Valve Guide Cleaner available from Kent - Moore.
47. 4981 Valve Guide Remover available from Kent - Moore.
48. 2842 Valve Guide Replacer available from Kent - Moore.
49. Borrough's 3170 Floating Holder or equivalent.
50. 4981 Valve Guide Remover available from Kent - Moore.
51. Borrough's 8116-24 through 29 Valve Stem Hole Reamers or equivalent.
52. 2847-2CP Reamer (Carbide Tipped) available from Kent - Moore.
2847-1CP Reamer (Carbide Tipped) available from Kent - Moore.
2847-1HP Reamer (High Speed Steel) available from Kent - Moore
2847-2HP Reamer (High Speed Steel) available from Kent - Moore
53. 2848-1 Plug Gauge for valve guide inspection available from Kent - Moore.
54. 4943-1 HS through 5HS Reamers, Valve Guide Boss available from Kent - Moore.
55. Borrough's 4918 Spark Plug Insert Replacer or equivalent.
56. Borrough's 4919 Spark Plug Insert Remover or equivalent.
57. Borrough's 445, 18mm Spark Plug Tap or equivalent for straightening out
damaged
58. 2769A13 Rosan® Stud Remover available from McMASTER-CARR Supply Co.
59. Rosan® is a registered trademark of Fairchild Aerospace Fastener Division. .
60. 8074 Rosan® Lock Ring Installer available from Kent - Moore.
61. 8118 Rocker Arm Bushing Remover/lnstaller available from Kent - Moore.
62. 7232 Reamer Rocker Arm Bushing available from Kent- Moore.
63. DA-200 Contour Probe available from Parker Research Corporation 19-6
CRANKCASE
64. Borrough's 8114 Crankcase Through Bolt Removers or equivalent. 20-5
65. L423 Crankcase Splitter available from Kent - Moore. 20-5
66. Borrough's 505 Stud Drivers or equivalent. 20-5
ENGINE DRIVE TRAIN
67. Borrough's 8117A Runout Block Set or equivalent for crankshaft inspection. 21-5
68. Wheel Fax Jr. Mark IV Model O for Crankshaft Ultrasonic Testing available from 21-5
Fax Corporation. Operator must be certified by TCM standards.
NOTE...
See possible sources on page 2-3 for tool procurement .
APRIL 1998 2-5

ITEM TOOL SEE
NO. SECTION
69. Borrough's 8087A Polishing Tools for Crankshaft Bearings or equivalent. 21-5
70. 4965A Crankshaft Blade and Damper Bushing Remover/Replacer available from
Kent- Moore.
71. Borrough's 8077A Bushing Remover & Replacer, Counterweight or equivalent. .
72. Borrough's 8111A Connecting Rod Fixture or equivalent.
73. Borrough's 8042C Adapter Kit or equivalent for connecting rod inspection
74. 5008 Reamers for connecting rod bushing available from Kent - Moore
75. D-4000 Federal Dimension Air Gauge for connecting rod bushing inspection
available from Federal Tool Supply Co., Inc.
76. 1.1268 Setting Ring for checking 1.1267 to 1.1269 tolerance available from
Federal Tool Supply Co., Inc.
77. 1.1268 Air Plug for checking 1.1267 to 1.1269 tolerance available from Federal
Tool Supply Co., Inc.
78. 5209 Propeller Shaft Oil Seal Installer available from Kent - Moore 21-5
OPERATIONAL INSPECTION
79. 85328 Alcor Portable Digital EGT Unit available from Alcor, Inc. 22-1
80. 85329 Alcor Portable Digital CHT available from Alcor, Inc. 22-1
81. Model 20 ATM-C Porta-Test Unit available from Aero Test, Inc.© 22-2
NOTE...
See possible sources on page 2-3 for tool procurement.
NOTE...
The rights to manufacture Borrough's Tools has been acquired by Kent - Moore .
2-6 APRIL 1998

CHAPTER 3
SEALANTS AND LUBRICANTS
Aviation Engine Oil Ashless Dispersant
Recommended Grade:
Above 40'F ambient air, sea level SAE 50 or Multi Viscosity
Below 40'F ambient air, sea level SAE 30 or Multi Viscosity
Manufacturer Brand Name
BP Oil Corporation BP Aero Oil

Castrol Castrol Aero AD Oil
Castrol Limited (Australia) Castrol Aero AD Oil
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. Chevron Aero Oil
Continental Oil Conco Aero S
Delta Petroleum Company Delta Avoil Oil
Exxon Company, U.S.A. Exxon Aviation Oil EE
Gulf Oil Company Gulfpride Aviation AD
Mobil Oil Company Mobil Aero Oil
NYCO S.A. TURBONYCOIL 3570
Pennzoil Company Pennzoil Aircraft Engine Oil
Phillips Petroleum Company Phillips 66 Aviation Oil, Type A
Phillips Petroleum Company X/C Aviation Multiviscosity Oil
SAE 2OW50, SAE 2OW60
Quaker State Oil & Refining Company Quaker State AD Aviation Engine Oil
Red Ram Limited (Canada) Red Ram X/C Aviation Oil 2OW50
Shell Australia Aeroshell (R) W
Shell Canada Limited Aeroshell Oil W, Aeroshell Oil W 15W50
Anti-Wear Formulation Aeroshell Oil W 15W50
Shell Oil Company Aeroshell Oil W, Aeroshell Oil W 15W50
Anti-Wear Formulation Aeroshell Oil W 15W15
Sinclair Oil Company Sinclair Avoil
Texaco Inc. Texaco Aircraft Engine Oil - Premium AD
Total France Total Aero DM 15W50
Union Oil Company of California Union Aircraft Engine Oil HD
Break-in Oil
MIL-C-6529 Type II Corrosion preventive mineral oil.
NOTE... Mineral oil conforming with MIL-C-6529 Type II contains a corrosion preventive additive and
must not be used for more than 25 hours or six months, whichever occurs first. If oil consumption has
not stabilized in this time, drain and replenish the oil and replace the oil filter.
APRIL 1998 3-1

Preservative Oil
TYPE SUGGESTED SOURCES APPLICATION
MIL-C-6529 Type II (Aeroshell Fluid 2F or For Temporary storage (up to 90

equivalent) days)
MIL-P-46002, Grade I oil (NOX RUST VCI-105 or For Indefinite storage
equivalent) May be purchased
through: Rock Island Lubricant
& Chemical Co. P.O. Box 5015
1320 1st Street Rock Island,
Illinois 61204 Phone: 1 -800-
522-1150
Lubricants
Molyshield Grease May be purchased Needle bearings and ball bearings
through: American Lubricants
1227 Deeds Valve stems
Dayton, Ohio 45401
Phone: (513) 222 - 2851 All ACC. drive splines and
couplings
Idler gear and pin
Fuel injection controls, o-rings,
springs, shafts and bushings
Magneto rubber drive bushings
Oil pump and scavenge pump gear
shafts, ends and teeth. Oil pump
and scavenge pump housing and
cover gear contact areas.
Starter worm gear drive teeth and
bevel gear teeth
Dow Corning® G-N Paste [Dow For Distributor information call Camshaft lobes and lifter faces
Corning G-N Paste is a 1-800-248-2481, have state &
registered trademark of Dow city information available
Corning Corporation.]
Alvania (Shell #2) Shell Product Information Front crankshaft oil seal
For Distributor information Center, Apply light coat at point of contact
Phone: 1-800-231-6950 between nut seat and ferrule on
ignition lead
MIL-S-3545C Grease (Shell #5) Shell Product Information Fuel injection linkage pivot points,
Center, throttle shaft bushings, lever
Phone: 1-800-231-6950 bushings
Permatex Maintain® Lubricant For Distributor information call: Fuel injection linkage pivot points,
Permatex Customer Service @ throttle shaft bushings, lever
Phone: 1-800-641-7376 bushings
3-2 APRIL 1998

Lubricants
646943 - Anti Seize Lubricant May be purchased through your All fuel injector nozzles (at cylinder
or local TCM Distributor or For head)
Distributor information: Loctite
Loctite Anti-Seize Lubricant
Customer Service @
767
Phone: 1-800-243-4874
Exhaust studs (nut end before
torquing)
Oil temp. control valve
(Vernatherm)
All .3125 and larger studs unless
otherwise specified
All mechanical tach drive housing
threads not through to an oil source
Air reference fittings on all throtle
bodies
Lubricants
Approved, Clean, 50 Weight See Aviation Engine Oil Ashless Cylinder stud and through bolt
Ashless Dispersant Oil Dispersant Table threads, crankcase stud threads,
connecting rod bolt and nut
threads and engine accessory stud
threads
Approved Clean Break-In Oil See Break-In Oil Table Crankshaft bearings, connecting
rod bearings, camshaft bearings,
tachometer gears and adapters,
accessory spur gear teeth, starter
cone, bushing and nut, starter
adapter clutch spring (ID & OD),
sealing surface of valve guide
seals, pistons, piston pins and
piston rings, rocker arms, pivots,
valves and tappets, thrust washers
and o-rings, prop governor transfer
collar and sleeve, oil filter adapter
seals
CHAMPION® - Spark Plug For Champion Products Spark plugs
Thread Lubricant No. 2612 Distributor information:
[CHAMPION® is a registered Phone: 803-843-5400
trademark of Cooper Industries.]
WD-40 or Chesterton No. 4 Chesterton Technical Product Induction system hose
Information connections
Phone: (508) 469-6783
Dow Corning® No. 4 For Distributor information call 1- Spin-on oil filter rubber seals
800-248-2481, have state & city Magneto adapter gaskets (both
information available sides)
Gasket, governor pad (both sides)
APRIL 1998 3-3

Sealants
LUBRIPLATE® 930 AA For Distributor information Call Apply to the outside diameter of
(P/N L0096-035) LUBRIPLATE® valve guides at installation
@ Phone: 1-800-733-4755
TCM P/N 654514 CRC 336 May be purchased through Spray exhaust end of turbocharger
Rust Preventative Compound your local TCM Distributor for engine preservation
Permatex Aviation Grade 3D For Distributor information call: Crankcase parting face, oil pump
Permatex Customer Service @ covers, scavenge pump covers
Phone: 1-800-641-7376
and
#641543 Silk Thread May be purchased through
and your local TCM Distributor
#646942 Gasket Maker May be purchased through

or your local TCM Distributor
Loctite Gasket Eliminator For Distributor information call:

515 Sealant Loctite Customer Service @
Phone: 1-800-243-4874
653692 - Primer May be purchased through Crankcase crankshaft nose oil seal
your local TCM Distributor area
or
Loctite LocQuic Primer 7649 For Distributor information:

Loctite Customer Service @
Phone: 1-800-243-4874
#646942- Gasket Maker May be purchased through your
Engine nose seal, outside diameter
local TCM Distributor
of all uncoated oil seals except fuel
or pump adapter seal, between oil
Loctite Gasket Eliminator For Distributor information:
sump and oil sump gaskets
515 Sealant Loctite Customer Service @
Phone: 1-800-243-4874
Sealants
#642188 - Gasket Sealant May be purchased through your Cam bore cover gasket (except
(TCM) 1.5 oz. tube local TCM Distributor or beaded gaskets), idler pin gasket,
K & W Copper Coat oil filler neck gasket, pressed in
For Distributor information r-all: plugs, 2 bolt suction tube gasket
K & W Products Customer
Phone: 1-800423-9446
Loctite Pipe Sealant with For Distributor information: Pipe threads (except fuel system
Teflon PS/T 592 Loctite Customer Service @ fittings), pressure relief valve
Phone: 1-800-243-4874 housing threads, stud holes that
are exposed to oil
3-4 APRIL 1998

Sealants
All pipe thread fittings in fuel
#646940 - F/I Sealant May be purchased through
injection system (use sparingly on
your local TCM Distributor
male threads only)
or
Loctite Hydraulic Sealant 569 For Distributor information:

Loctite Customer Service,
Phone: 1-800-243-4874
Miller Stephenson For Distributor information: Ignition harness terminals at

MS 122/CO2 Spray Miller-Stephenson Customer magneto
Service, block end
Phone: 1-800-992-2424
Adhesives
646941 High Strength May be purchased through your Cylinder deck studs, squirt nozzles,
Adhesive local TCM Distributor fuel manifold valve diaphragm and
Sealant or Loctite 271 plunger assembly, crankshaft nose
seal retainer bolts, studs on coolant
manifold
For Distributor information:
653696 Primer or Loctite Loctite Customer Service,
LocQuic Primer 7471 Phone: 1-800-243-4874
649306 Sealant (optional May be purchased through Through stud holes on accessory
646940) or Loctite Adhesive your local TCM end of crankcase, manifold valve to
Sealant 222 (optional Loctite bracket screws
Hydraulic Sealant 569) For Distributor information:
Loctite Customer Service,
Phone: 1-800-243-4874
3M Brand EC1252 White Spot
3M Cylinder deck stud nuts, through
Putty
bolt nuts, magneto flanges, throttle
body and fuel metering unit
APRIL 1998 3-5

Miscellaneous
TCM P/N 626531-1 May be purchased through High temp. paint for cosmetic
Enamel - Gold (1 qt) your local TCM Distributor and
TCM P/N 626531-2 corrosion protection
Enamel - Gold (1 gal)
TCM P/N 535001S May be purchased through Where applicable for lockwiring
Lockwire -.032 inch dia. Steel, your local TCM Distributor
Corrosion Resistant
"ACCELAGOLD" For sales and service: Elf Corrosion protection interior
Turco® Products Atochem and
Tucker, GA 30084 N.A. Turco® Products Div. P.O.
exterior aluminum parts
[Accelagold is manufactured by Box
Turco® Products, Inc.] 195 State Route 95 West Marion,
Ohio, 43302,
215-419-5376
ENGINE PRESERVATION KIT May be purchased through: Engine Preservation
• dehydrator plugs TANAIR
• desiccant bags P.O. BOX 117
• streamers, warning sign Glenwood, MN 56334
• preservative oils
(US & CAN) 1-800-4432136
(MN) 1-800-862-2443
3-6 APRIL 1998

CHAPTER 4
AIRWORTHINESS LIMITATIONS
This Airworthiness Limitations section has been FAA approved and specifies
maintenance required under §§ 43.16 and 91.403 of the Federal Aviation Regulations
unless an alternative program has been FAA approved. Federal Aviation Regulations §§
43.16 and 91.403 require owner/operator compliance with all maintenance limitations in
this section concerning mandatory replacement times, inspection intervals and other
related procedures that are specific to this engine. Any such limitations listed below are
part of the design limits of the engine and the engine was type certificated based upon
required owner/operator compliance with the limitations.
1. Mandatory Replacement Times.
Subject to additional information contained in FAA Airworthiness Directives (AD)
issued after the date of certification, the engines covered in this manual do not
contain any components having mandatory replacement times required by type
certification.
2. Mandatory Inspection Intervals.
Subject to additional information contained in FAA Airworthiness Directives (AD)
issued after the date of certification, the engine does not require specific intervals of
inspection pursuant to type certification.
3. Other Related Procedures
Subject to additional information contained in the Airworthiness Directives (AD)
issued after the date of certification, there are no other related procedures required
pursuant to the type certification for this engine.
4. Distribution of Changes to Airworthiness Limitations.
Changes to the Airworthiness Limitations section constitute changes to the type
design of this engine and require FAA approval. Such changes will be published in
FAA Airworthiness Directives (AD).
NOTE
The limitations in this section apply only to specific limitations which are part of the
engine design. Under the Federal Aviation Regulations numerous other additional
limitations are applicable to this engine and it's accessories. For example Federal
Aviation Regulation Parts 91 and 43, among other parts, define inspection criteria,
maintenance requirements and procedures that are applicable to this engine. It is the
responsibility of the owner / operator to maintain the engine in an airworthy condition by
complying with all applicable Federal Aviation Regulations and by performing
maintenance in accordance with TCM Instructions for Continued Airworthiness, which
consist of TCM publications and service documents.
APRIL 1998 4-1

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
4-2
CHAPTER 5
TIME LIMITS/
OPERATIONAL INSPECTION/
ENGINE TROUBLE SHOOTING
SECTION PAGE
5-1 General..................................................................5-2
5-2 Overhaul Periods ...................................................5-2
5-3 Operational Inspection...........................................5-3
5-4 Time Interval Inspections.......................................5-4
25 Hour..................................................................5-6
50 Hour..................................................................5-6
100 Hour................................................................5-8
300 Hour................................................................5-10
500 Hour................................................................5-10
5-5 Unscheduled Maintenance ....................................5-10
5-6 General Troubleshooting Information ....................5-13
APRIL 2001 5-1

5-1 GENERAL
The scheduled inspection and maintenance described in this section must be complied with in
addition to all aircraft manufacturer and accessory manufacturer inspection and maintenance
requirements. This manual does not contain inspection or maintenance requirements for
supplemental type certificated engines, components or systems. Such information must be
obtained from the supplemental type certificate holder.
Safety, efficiency and engine service life is predicated on compliance with the aircraft and engine
manufacturer's required instructions, inspections and maintenance schedule. The owner/operator
is primarily responsible for maintaining the engine in an airworthy condition, including compliance
with applicable Airworthiness Directives as specified in Part 39 of the Federal Aviation Regulations
(FAR); reference FAR 91.163. The owner/operator is responsible for assuring the engine meets
the conformity requirements as specified by the original Type Certificate (TC) or any Supplemental
Type Certificate (STC) that may apply to modifications or alterations accomplished after the
issuance of the original TC.
NOTE…Engine operational inspection must be performed before and after any 50 or 100-hour
inspections or maintenance in accordance with "Operational Inspection" requirements described in
this Chapter.
During engine 50 and 100-hour inspections, if engine components must be replaced or repaired,
refer to the applicable system maintenance chapter. Corrections and adjustments will be found in
the individual system chapters.
WARNING
When performing any inspection or maintenance, always treat the engine as if the
ignition switch was on. Do not stand or allow anyone else to stand within the arc of
the propeller. A loose or broken wire or a component malfunction could cause the
engine and propeller to rotate and/or start.
Engines operated in extremely humid locations or in exceptionally cold, damp climates or coastal
areas may require more frequent inspections. If the engine is operated in excess of 100 hours per
year, the engine should be inspected at each 100-hour interval in addition to an annual inspection.
5-2 OVERHAUL PERIOD

Engine Model Overhaul Period
I0-550-A, B, C Permold Series ................................................ 1700 HOURS or 12Years
I0-550-G, N, P & R Permold Series......................................... 2000 HOURS or 12Years
NOTE…Overhaul periods for the engine include all engine accessories.
5-2 APRIL 2001

5-3 OPERATIONAL INSPECTION
An operational inspection must be performed prior to and after 50/100-hour inspections.
STARTING
Start engine using the starting procedure given in the airframe manufacturers Airplane Flight
Manual (AFM).
Oil Pressure - Check, If no oil pressure is noted within 30 seconds, shut engine down and
investigate.
OPERATIONAL CHECK LIST
Check and record the following system data :
Starter................................................................................................................................__________
*Record RPM Drop for each magneto at 1700
(150 RPM MAXIMUM AND 50 RPM SPREAD MAXIMUM) .........................................__________
*Propeller Operation at 1700 ............................................................................................__________
*Or as specified in aircraft manufacturer's instructions.
Increase engine to full power and record:
Manifold Pressure .............................................................................................................__________
RPM...................................................................................................................................__________
Fuel Flow...........................................................................................................................__________
Oil Pressure.......................................................................................................................__________
Oil Temperature ................................................................................................................__________
Cylinder Head Temperature..............................................................................................__________
Alternator Output...............................................................................................................__________
Reduce engine to idle and record:
Manifold Pressure .............................................................................................................__________
RPM...................................................................................................................................__________
Oil Pressure.......................................................................................................................__________
Oil Temperature ................................................................................................................__________
Cylinder Head Temperature..............................................................................................__________
Magneto System Grounding Check..................................................................................__________
CAUTION…The magneto system grounding check must be accomplished at idle RPM only.
Damage to the engine may result at engine speeds above idle RPM.
With engine speed at idle rpm, quickly turn both magnetos off then back on. The engine should
cease running momentarily indicating both magnetos are properly grounded. If engine continues
to run, one or both magneto ground circuits is faulty and must be repaired prior to further
operation.
Slowly move mixture control to IDLE CUT OFF and record:

Mixture RPM Rise ( 25 to 50 RPM ) ............................................................................... __________
APRIL 1998 5-3

Positive Fuel Cutoff ........................................................................................................__________
When propeller stops rotating, place ignition switch, master switch and fuel selector in off position.
TEST OPERATING LIMITS

RPM:
Recommended Recommended Max. Rated Maximum
MODEL
Min. for Idle for Cruising Continuous Operation
I0-550-A 600 RPM 225 BHP @ 2500 300 BHP @ 2700 RPM
I0-550-B 600 RPM 235 HP @ 2500 300 BHP @ 2700 RPM
I0-550-C 600 RPM 235 HP @ 2500 300 BHP @ 2700 RPM
I0-550-G 600 RPM 240 HP @ 2500 280 BHP @ 2500 RPM
I0-550-N,P,R 600 RPM 240 HP @ 2500 310 BHP @ 2700 RPM
NOTE:
May not be obtainable with aircraft static.
Manifold Air Pressure at Idle (Inches Hg) Max............................................................. 18.5
Fuel - aviation gasoline - minimum grade ..............................100LL (Blue) or 100 (Green)

Fuel Flow at Full Throttle (Lbs./hr.)
MODEL POUNDS PER HOUR GALLONS PER HOUR
I0-550-A 142-150 24.2-25.6
I0-550-B 146-156 24.9-26.6
I0-550-C 152-160 25.9-27.3
I0-550-G 125-130 21.3-22.1
I0-550-N,P,R 150-160 25.6-27.3
Metered Fuel Pressure
MODEL At Idle At Full Throttle
I0-550-A 3.9-4.5 17.7-20.0
I0-550-B 3.9-4.5 16.5-18.4
I0-550-C 3.9-4.5 17.6-19.6
I0-550-G 3.9-4.5 14.7-16.0
I0-550-N,P,R 3.9-4.5 19.0-21.3
Unmetered Fuel Pressure
MODEL At Idle At Full Throttle
I0-550-A 8.0-10.0 32.0-36.0
I0-550-B 8.0-10.0 29.2-36.2
I0-550-C 8.0-10.0 31.6-37.8
I0-550-G 8.0-10.0 22.0-26.0
I0-550-N,P,R 8.0-10.0 28.0-32.0
5-4 APRIL 2001

Mixture Rise at Idle Cutoff-RPM ................................................................................ 25-50
Oil Temperature
Minimum for takeoff ...................................................................................................75º F.
Limit .........................................................................................................................240º F.
Recommended operational range................................................................. 170º - 220º F.
Oil Pressure
Idle, minimum psi ............................................................................................................ 10
Normal operation, psi............................................................................................... 30 - 60
Max. (Oil Cold) .............................................................................................................. 100
Oil Sump Capacity (Quarts)
IO-550-A, B, C & R ...................................................................................................... 12
IO-550-G & N ................................................................................................................. 8
IO-550-P ....................................................................................................................... 10
Magneto Drop (Max.) ........................................................................................... 150 RPM
Magneto Spread (Max.) ......................................................................................... 50 RPM
Cylinder head temperature
with Bayonet Thermocouple (Limit) ...........................................................................460°F
Recommended Operational Maximum ......................................................................420°F
5-4 TIME INTERVAL INSPECTIONS
Engine mounted accessories not supplied by TCM may require servicing at specific intervals;
some of these are alternators, pneumatic pumps, air/oil separators and stand-by generators. Refer
to the instructions provided by the aircraft manufacturer, accessory manufacturer or STC holder
for detailed information.
CAUTION…New, rebuilt and overhauled engines or engines that have had overhauled or new
cylinders and new piston rings installed must be given a 100-hour inspection after 25 hours of
operation.
Oil and Filter Change Interval ........................................................................... 50 hours

Or six months, whichever comes first
.
CAUTION…Use only TCM approved oils. See TCM approved oils in chapter 3, “Table of Sealants
and Lubricants.”
APRIL 2001 5-5

25-HOUR INSPECTION
NOTE…Research and comply with all applicable Service Publications and Airworthiness Directives.
1. After the first 25 hours of operation on new, rebuilt or overhauled engines, perform a complete
100-hour inspection. Drain the oil used for engine break-in. If engine oil consumption has stabilized,
service the engine with TCM approved oil. If oil consumption has not stabilized, service engine with
a mineral oil conforming to MIL-C-6529 Type II.
NOTE…Mineral oil conforming to MIL-C-6529 Type II is a straight mineral oil with a corrosion
preventive additive. This oil must not be operated in excess of 25 hours or 6 months, whichever
occurs first. If oil consumption has not stabilized within the first 25 hours of engine operation, drain
and replenish the oil and replace the filter.
Approved Oil Grade: All Temperatures .............................. TCM Approved Multi Viscosity
Below 40° F. Ambient Air (Sea Level ).............................. TCM Approved SAE 30 or Multi Viscosity
Above 40° F. Ambient Air (Sea Level ) .............................. TCM Approved SAE 50 or Multi Viscosity
2. Visually inspect the engine and nacelle for fuel, oil leaks and other discrepancies.
3. Correct any discrepancies noted during this inspection prior to returning the engine to service
50-HOUR INSPECTION
NOTE…Research and comply with any applicable Service Publications and Airworthiness
Directives.
1. Thoroughly inspect the engine for any signs of leakage. Clean engine exterior by spraying or
brushing with a flame resistant solvent used for general cleaning of engine parts.
NOTE…Any environmentally hazardous materials used in cleaning must be caught and disposed of
in accordance with Environmental Protection Agency regulations.
CAUTION…Do not use any alkaline cleaning solutions for external engine cleaning, these solutions
will remove the “alodized" finish of aluminum parts.
CAUTION…Do not use Kerosene or Gasoline for cleaning.
2. A pre-inspection operational run-up must be performed. See "Operational Inspection" of this

chapter.
(a) Record the engine operating parameters.

(b) Verify the recorded parameters meet the published specifications for the engine as provided in
the aircraft or engine manufacturer's Maintenance, Operator's and Overhaul Manuals.
After the operational inspection, inspect, isolate and repair any leaks found.
3. Reference the applicable Airplane Flight Manual for operational values.
5-6 APRIL 1998

4. Remove and inspect induction air filter. Clean or replace as instructed by the filter
manufacturer. Inspect induction system ducts, seals and gaskets for condition, deterioration
and obstructions in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's instructions. With induction air
filter installed:
(a) Verify the induction air filter retainer is properly installed and the attaching hardware is
secure in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's instructions.
(b) Replace any questionable components as required in accordance with the aircraft
manufacturer's instructions.
(c) Inspect all engine controls for proper travel, freedom of movement, wear, correct rigging
and correct attachment in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's instructions.
CAUTION…Failure to properly install the induction air filter will result in unfiltered air being
ingested into the engine which will accelerate engine wear and reduce engine service life.
5. Inspect induction air box for security and deterioration in accordance with the aircraft
WARNING
Insure the fuel selector is in the off position prior to servicing fuel filters.
6. Drain the fuel filter and if sediment was noted, remove it. Service as required and reinstall in
accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's instructions.
7. Visually inspect engine and nacelle for fuel, oil leaks and other discrepancies.
8. Drain engine oil. During engine oil change, oil must be drained into an appropriate container
and disposed of properly. Reinstall oil drain plug with new gasket, torque and safety.
9. Remove oil filter. Inspect filter element. See "Oil Filter Element Inspection, Oil Analysis and
Spectrographic Oil Analysis" in chapter 7, “Servicing Fluids.”
10. Place a thin film of Dow Corning® DC-4 compound on new oil filter gasket. Install new oil filter.
Torque filter to values as directed by filter manufacturer and safety wire.
11. Inspect all induction system or cylinder drain(s) for clogging or restriction.
12. Inspect ignition leads for chafing, deterioration and proper routing.
13. Visually inspect magnetos for condition. Inspect, repair and adjust as required if magneto drop
or spread was not within published limits.
14. Correct all discrepancies noted .
APRIL 1998 5-7

WARNING
Operation of a malfunctioning engine can result in additional engine damage, bodily
injury or death.
15. At the completion of any maintenance event the engine must be given a complete and
thorough operational run-up. A test flight will be required if any engine adjustments have been
made which affect flight characteristics or operation; this test flight is required by FAR 91.167.
(a) Record all engine parameters.

(b) Verify recorded parameters are within the specifications published for the engine and
aircraft.
WARNING
Failure to identify and correct fuel or oil leaks can result in engine/nacelle fire, loss
of engine power, engine failure, bodily injury or death.
16. Correct any discrepancies noted during operational run-up prior to returning aircraft to service.
100-HOUR INSPECTION
NOTE…Research and comply with the Service Publications and Airworthiness Directives.
In addition to the items listed in 50 Hour inspection, the following inspections and maintenance
must be performed.
1. Drain engine oil. Reinstall oil drain plug with new gasket, torque and safety.
2. Inspect the cylinder barrels and cylinder heads for cracks, leaks rust and pitting. Inspect
cylinder head and barrel cooling fins for any restriction of cooling airflow.
3. Inspect all inner cylinder and peripheral baffling for correct installation, proper positioning,
deterioration and missing or broken sections.
4. Perform a cylinder compression test in accordance with chapter 19
5. Inspect the entire engine, accessory section and nacelle for indications of fuel or oil leaks.
Inspect all wiring, fluid lines, hoses and electrical connections for proper routing, support and
evidence of deterioration.
6. Visually inspect all cylinder and accessory to engine attaching hardware for security.
Visually inspect airframe to engine connections for security and corrosion.
7. Inspect the induction and exhaust system for leaks, cracks, deterioration, broken, missing or
loose brackets, clamps and hardware.
8. Insure magneto to engine timing is within specifications in accordance with chapter 12 .
CAUTION…Magnetos using riveted type impulse coupling require repetitive 100-hour inspection
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
5-8 APRIL 1998

9. Clean, inspect, gap, test and rotate all spark plugs. See chapter 12 for spark plug wear
determination and spark plug rotation.
WARNING
Worn spark plugs that are continued in service may cause internal arcing in the
magnetos.
10. Check all engine controls, control cables, control rod ends and levers for security, wear, proper
assembly, routing and freedom of movement throughout the entire range of travel. See chapter
13 for fuel system component replacement and throttle/mixture control lever lubrication.
11. Inspect fuel nozzles, upper deck and fuel injection nozzle reference lines, hoses, manifolds
and fittings for proper routing, support and signs of fuel stains. Inspect manifold valve for
security of installation, proper venting and signs of fuel stains.
CAUTION…Never clean nozzles with wire or other similar object. If nozzle jet is plugged and
obstruction cannot be removed by solvent action, REPLACE THE NOZZLE.
12. At the first 100-hour inspection on new, rebuilt or overhauled engines, remove and clean all
fuel injection nozzles. See 300 Hour Inspection.
NOTE…Any environmentally hazardous materials used in cleaning must be caught and
disposed of in accordance with Environmental Protection Agency regulations.
13. Inspect all accessories for condition, security of mounting and proper operation. Refer to
aircraft or component manufacturer's Maintenance Manual for specifics.
14. Inspect engine mount legs for cracks. Check engine mount isolators for signs of deterioration,
proper assembly and security.
15. Verify operation and accuracy of exhaust gas temperature (EGT) system. Note: The aircraft
manufacturer may require the EGT system to be operational for all categories of flight. Check
the limitations section of the Airplane Flight Manual for specific requirements.
16. Correct any discrepancies noted.
17. Perform post inspection operational run-up. Visually inspect engine and nacelle for fuel and oil
leaks.
18. Correct any discrepancies noted during this inspection prior to returning engine to service.
NOTE…I0-550-A, B & C engines with the altitude compensating type fuel pump must be test flown
every 100 hours or annual inspection and anytime an adjustment is made to the fuel injection
system. The test flight must be accomplished in accordance with chapter 22, “Test Flight.”
APRIL 1998 5-9

300-HOUR INSPECTION
In addition to the items listed for 100-hour inspections, perform the following inspection and
maintenance every 300 hours of engine operation.
Remove and clean all fuel nozzles by soaking in lacquer thinner, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone
(MEK). Fuel nozzles must be cleaned every 300-hours and annual inspection.
500-HOUR INSPECTION
In addition to the items listed for 100-hour inspections, perform the following inspections and
maintenance every 500 hours of engine operation.
1. Magnetos require a thorough, detailed inspection. Refer to the applicable service and
overhaul information published by the manufacturer of the magneto. Magnetos must be
overhauled or replaced at the same intervals as the engine. TCM magnetos must be
overhauled or replaced every four years regardless of total operating hours since last
overhaul or replacement.
2. Engine mounted accessories not supplied by TCM such as alternators, stand-by generators,
etc., may require servicing at specific intervals. Refer to the instructions provided by the
aircraft manufacturer, accessory manufacturer or STC holder for detailed information.
3. TCM gear driven alternators require inspection and testing at 500-hour intervals. Refer to the
applicable alternator manufacturer's instructions. See "Related Publications" in the
Introduction section of this manual.
ANNUAL INSPECTION
Perform all requirements of 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 hour and any calendar inspections due.
Comply with any 500 hour inspections that will come due before the next regularly scheduled
maintenance event.
5-5 UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE

Unscheduled maintenance events include but are not limited to:
PROPELLER STRIKES
A propeller strike is any incident, whether or not the engine is operating, that requires repair to the
propeller or any incident while the engine is operating in which the propeller makes contact with
any object that results in a loss of engine RPM. Propeller strikes against the ground or any object,
can cause engine and component damage even though the propeller may continue to rotate. This
damage can result in engine failure.
When the propeller is damaged by a small object during operation, such as a small stone,
inspection and repair must be accomplished in accordance with the propeller manufacturer's
published instructions. Any time damage from an object strike requires propeller removal for
repairs the incident is considered a propeller strike.
Following any propeller strike a complete engine disassembly and inspection is mandatory and
must be accomplished prior to further operation. Inspect all engine accessories in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
5-10 APRIL 1998

HYDRAULIC LOCK
General Information
Hydraulic lock is defined as a condition in which a volume of liquid, equal to or greater than the
clearance volume of the combustion chamber is present in the cylinder during starting.
Incompressible liquid restricts piston travel during the compression stroke. Damage occurs after
the preceding cylinder or cylinders in the firing order have fired providing the required force to drive
the piston of the fluid filled cylinder through the compression stroke.
Hydraulic locks in horizontally opposed aircraft engines are due to excess fuel accumulation in the
induction system and/or cylinder assembly or failure to properly drain preservation oil.
Damage from a hydraulic lock can be extensive. Engine components such as connecting rods,
cylinder assemblies, pistons, piston pins, crankcase and crankshaft can be damaged due to
overstress.
In the event the operator starts an over-primed/flooded engine, hydraulic lock may result.
Indications of hydraulic lock are difficult to detect since the engine will not normally exhibit any
unusual operation once the fuel-air mixture stabilizes. Therefore, the operator must be cognizant
of the fact that a hydraulic lock can occur during an attempt to start an over-primed/flooded
engine.
In the event of a hydraulic lock perform the following inspection:
1. Remove all cylinders and connecting rods in accordance with the current TCM Overhaul
Manual. Inspect the connecting rods in accordance with the current TCM Overhaul Manual.
2. If all connecting rods meet the criteria specified by TCM, reassemble the engine in accordance
with the current TCM Overhaul Manual.
3. If any connecting rod does not meet TCM specifications, remove and disassemble the engine
to allow inspection of the crankcase and crankshaft in accordance with the current TCM
Overhaul Manual. Replace any part that does not meet TCM specifications. Replace each
non-conforming connecting rod and its associated piston, piston pin and cylinder assembly.
CAUTION…Any parts that require replacement must be destroyed to prevent future installation.
4. Clean, inspect, repair, reassemble and test the engine in accordance with the current TCM
Overhaul Manual.
ENGINE OVERSPEED INSPECTION

Engine operation at engine speeds in excess of rated RPM limitations can cause damage to the
engine and can result in subsequent engine failure.
If an engine overspeed occurs determine the cause for overspeed and correct it. The airframe
manufacturer's instructions on engine and propeller overspeed must also be referenced and
followed.
If an engine overspeed occurs use the following procedures:
RPM TO 3000
1. Less than one minute - No action required
APRIL 1998 5-11

2. More than one minute - Proceed as follows:
a. Drain oil through a fine mesh screen and inspect for debris.
b. Remove oil filter and inspect filter element for debris.
c. Remove and inspect inside of rocker covers for debris. Inspect valve stem (keeper
grooves) and valve keepers for condition, security and proper installation. Inspect valve
springs, rocker arms, spring retainers, rotocoils, pushrods, etc.
d. Perform a borescope inspection on all cylinders.
e. If no discrepancies are noted, re-service engine, perform operational inspection and
correct any discrepancies noted prior to returning the engine to service.
f. If discrepancies are found a decision must be made, based on the evidence, as to the
extent of the corrective action required.
RPM TO 3300
In addition to action required for "" above proceed as follows:
1. Remove all cylinder assemblies including rods and pistons.
Clean, inspect, repair or replace all components removed from the engine in accordance with the
manufacturer's current overhaul manual. Using new connecting rod bolts and nuts,
reassemble, service and test the engine in accordance with the current overhaul manual.
2. After five and ten hours of engine operation remove oil filter and inspect filter element for
debris.
RPM EXCEEDING 3300
1. Remove engine and clearly identify "Removal For Overspeed".
2. Engine and accessories must be completely overhauled in accordance with the respective
manufacturer's current overhaul instructions or replaced with certified airworthy components.
LIGHTNING STRIKE
It is impossible to assess internal damage that may result from a lightning strike. A complete
disassembly and inspection of the engine must be accomplished in accordance with the current
overhaul manual.
CONTAMINATED FUEL INCORRECT FUEL GRADE
If the aircraft is inadvertently serviced with the wrong grade of fuel or jet fuel, the fuel must be
completely drained and the tank properly serviced.
Any engine operated on fuel of lower grade than approved for the engine, or jet fuel, must be
completely disassembled, cleaned, inspected, repaired, reassembled and tested in accordance
with the manufacturer's current overhaul manual.
5-12 APRIL 1998

5-6 GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING INFORMATION
The troubleshooting chart which follows discusses symptoms which can be diagnosed and interprets the
probable causes and the appropriate corrective actions to be taken.
Troubleshooting for individual systems follow the engine troubleshooting chart.
WARNING
Any attempt by unqualified personnel to adjust, repair or replace any parts, may result in
engine malfunction or failure.
WARNING
Operation of a malfunctioning engine can cause further damage to a disabled
component and possible injury to personnel.
ENGINE TROUBLESHOOTING
TROUBLE PROBABLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Will Not Start No fuel to engine Service aircraft fuel system in
accordance with the airframe
manufacturer's instructions
Improper starting procedure Refer to the airframe
manufacturer's Airplane Flight
Manual (AFM) for engine starting
procedures. Check for performance
of each item
Cylinder overprimed. Engine Allow fuel to drain from intake
flooded system. WARNING…Starting an
engine with a flooded intake
system may result in hydrostatic
lock and subsequent engine
malfunction.
Induction system leak Torque or replace loose or
damaged hose connection
Excessive Starter slippage Replace starter adapter
Fuel system malfunction Isolate cause and correct
Ignition system malfunction See "Ignition Troubleshooting
Engine Will Not Run Fuel injection system improperly See "Fuel Injection System
At Idling Speed adjusted Troubleshooting
Air leak in intake manifold Torque loose connection or replace
malfunctioning part
Rough Idling Fuel injection system improperly Adjust fuel system in accordance
adjusted with chapter 22 "Fuel System
Adjustment."
Mixture levers set for improper Adjust the manual mixture control
mixture in accordance with the airframe
Manual (AFM)
Fouled Spark Plugs Remove, clean and adjust gaps in
accordance with the spark plug
APRIL 1998 5-13

ENGINE TROUBLESHOOTING (continued)
Rough Idling (continued) Hydraulic tappets fouled Replace fouled tappets. Inspect
and clean oil filter at more frequent
intervals
Burned or warped exhaust Inspect, repair or replace cylinder.
valves worn seat, scored valve Replace any burned, warped or
guides worn exhaust valves
Manifold valve vent obstruction Repair or replace manifold valve
Engine Runs Too Lean Improper manual leaning Refer to the airframe
At Cruising Power procedure manufacturer's Airplane Flight
Manual (AFM) for engine operating
instructions
Fuel injection system Adjust fuel system in accordance
maladjusted with chapter 22, "Fuel System
Adjustment
Engine Runs Too Rich Restrictions in air intake Check passages and remove
At Cruising Power passages restrictions
Improper manual leaning of See the airframe manufacturer's
fuel/Air mixture Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for
correct leaning procedure
Engine Runs Too Lean Or Too Fuel injection system See "Fuel Injection System
Rich At Throttle Setting Other maladjusted Troubleshooting”
Than Cruise
Continuous Fouling Of Piston rings excessively worn or Replace rings. Replace cylinder if
Spark Plugs broken damaged
Piston rings are not seated Hone cylinder walls, replace rings
NOTE…Cylinder grinding and
honing must be done by a qualified
FAA approved rework facility
Engine Runs Rough At Loose mounting bolts or Torque mounting bolts. Replace
High Speed damaged mount pads
mount pads
Plugged fuel nozzle jet Clean. Replace nozzle if
obstruction cannot be cleared by
solvent action. Never use wire or
any other object to clear nozzle jet
Propeller out of balance Remove and repair in accordance
with airframe manufacturer's
instructions
Ignition system malfunction See "Ignition Troubleshooting"
Continuous Missing At Broken valve spring Inspect, repair or replace cylinder.
High Speed Replace valve springs
5-14 APRIL 1998

Continuous Missing At Plugged fuel nozzle jet Clean. Replace nozzle if
High Speed (continued) obstruction cannot be cleared by
any other object to clear nozzle
jet
Burned or warped valve Inspect, repair or replace
cylinder. Replace any burned,
warped or worn exhaust valves
Hydraulic tappet dirty or worn Remove and replace
Sluggish Operation And Throttle not full open Check and adjust linkage. See
Low Power Rigging of Mixture and Throttle
Controls in the applicable
airframe manufacturer's
instructions
Restrictions in air intake Inspect air intake and remove
passages restrictions
Ignition system malfunction See "Ignition Troubleshooting”
Fuel injection system See "Fuel Injection System
maladjusted Troubleshooting”
High Cylinder Head Lean fuel/air mixture See the airframe manufacturer's
Temperature Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for
correct leaning procedure
Debris between cylinder fins Clean thoroughly
Incorrect engine timing Adjust engine timing in
accordance with chapter 12
Exhaust system gas leakage Locate and correct in
manufacturer’s instructions
Exhaust valve leaking Repair cylinder. See chapter 19,
“Cylinder assembly
Maintenance.”
Baffle seals leaking Repair or replace baffle seals
or mispositioned
APRIL 1998 5-15

Oil Leaks At front of engine, damaged Replace crankshaft oil seal
crankshaft oil seal
Around plugs, fittings and Torque or replace
gaskets due to looseness or
damage
Low Compression Piston rings excessively worn Inspect, repair or replace
cylinder. Replace piston rings
Valve faces and seats worn Inspect, repair or replace
cylinder. Replace any worn parts
Excessively worn cylinder walls Replace cylinder & piston rings
Engine Will Not Stop At Fuel manifold valve not seating Repair or replace fuel manifold
Idle Cutoff properly valve
Climbing to Altitude, Fuel Vaporization Operate fuel boost pump in
Fuel Flow Fluctuates accordance with the airframe
Manual (AFM)
Low Fuel Pressure Incorrect fuel pump adjustment Check and adjust in accordance
with chapter 22, "Fuel System
Adjustment
Malfunctioning fuel pump relief Replace fuel pump
valve
High Fuel Pressure Malfunctioning relief valve Replace fuel pump
operation in fuel pump
Restricted recirculation passage Replace fuel pump
in fuel pump
Incorrect fuel pump adjustment Check and adjust in accordance
Adjustment
Fluctuating Fuel Fuel gauge line leak or air in Drain gauge line and torque
Pressure gauge line connections in accordance with
the airframe manufacturer's
instructions
Vapor in fuel system, excessive Normally, operating the auxiliary
fuel temperature pump will clear system. Operate
boost pump in accordance with
the airframe manufacturer's
Airplane Flight Manual (AFM)
Engine Has Idle mixture too lean (Check RPM Rise, Idle Cutoff).,
Poor Acceleration Adjust idle mixture in
accordance with chapter 22,
"Fuel System Adjustment"
5-16 APRIL 1998

Engine Has Incorrect fuel/air mixture, worn Replace worn elements of
Poor Acceleration (continued) control linkage, or restricted air linkage. Service air cleaner in
cleaner accordance with airframe
Malfunctioning ignition system Check ignition cables and
connections in accordance with
the ignition manufacturer's
instructions Replace
malfunctioning spark plugs
Engine Runs Rough At Improper fuel/air mixture Check fuel manifold connections
Speeds Above Idle for leaks. Torque loose
connections. Check fuel
control/metering unit and linkage
for setting and adjustment in
accordance with chapter 22,
"Fuel System Adjustment ."
Check fuel filters and screens
for debris. Check for proper fuel
pump pressure.
Restricted fuel nozzle jet Clean. Replace nozzle if
jet
Ignition system and spark Clean, regap and test spark
plugs malfunctioning plugs. Inspect, test and repair
ignition system in accordance
with the ignition system
Replace components as
required
Engine Lacks Power, Incorrectly adjusted throttle Check movement of linkage by
Reduction in Maximum control linkage or dirty air filter moving control from idle to full
Manifold Pressure throttle. Make proper
adjustments in accordance with
chapter 22, "Fuel System
Adjustment." Replace worn
components. Service air cleaner
in accordance with the airframe
APRIL 1998 5-17

Engine Lacks Power, Malfunctioning ignition system Inspect spark plugs for fouled
Reduction in Maximum component electrodes, heavy carbon deposits,
Manifold Pressure (continued) erosion of electrodes, improperly
adjusted electrode gaps, and
cracked porcelains. Test plugs for
regular firing under pressure.
Replace damaged or misfiring
plugs. Gap spark plugs to spark
plug manufacturer's specifications.
Loose or damaged intake Inspect entire manifold system for
manifold possible leakage at connections.
Replace damaged components,
torque all connections and clamps
to specifications
Fuel nozzles restricted Clean nozzles. Replace nozzle if
any other object to clear nozzle jet
Low Oil Pressure Insufficient oil in oil sump, oil Add oil, or change oil to proper
Indication On dilution or using improper grade viscosity. Inspect for possible oil
Engine Gauge oil for prevailing ambient dilution, repair as required
temperature
High oil temperature Malfunctioning oil temperature
control valve in oil cooler; oil cooler
restriction. Replace valve and clean
oil cooler
Restricted oil filter. Leaking, Check for restricted lines, loose
damaged or loose oil line connections, and for partially
connections plugged oil filter. Replace oil filter.
Clean parts, torque connections,
and replace malfunctioning parts
Oil pressure gauge malfunction Check oil pressure gauge
calibration in accordance with the
airframe manufacturer's instructions
Engine oil pressure maladjusted Adjust oil pressure in accordance
with chapter 22, "Oil Pressure
Adjustment”
5-18 APRIL 1998

Low Oil Pressure Indication On Low oil supply. Oil viscosity too Replenish. Drain and refill with
Engine Gauge (continued) low correct viscosity
Malfunctioning oil pump Repair or replace oil pump
Weak or broken oil pressure Replace spring. Adjust oil
relief valve spring pressure in accordance with
chapter 22, "Oil Pressure
Adjustment."
High Oil Temperature Indication Prolonged ground operation Limit ground operation to a
minimum
Malfunctioning gauge or bulb Check wiring. Check bulb unit.
unit Check gauge. Replace
malfunctioning parts in
FUEL INJECTION
Fluctuating Fuel Flow Fuel vapor as a result of high If not cleared with auxiliary
Indications ambient temperatures pump, check for clogged vent in
fuel pump vapor separator
cover. Clean only with solvent,
no wires. Refer to airframe
manufacturer's instruction
Air in fuel flow gauge line. Leak Repair leak and purge line.
at gauge connection Refer to airframe manufacturer's
instruction
Poor Idle Cutoff Engine getting fuel Check mixture control is in full
idle cutoff. Check auxiliary pump
is OFF. If neither, replace
manifold valve.
Unmetered Fuel Pressure too Internal orifices plugged Clean internal orifices injector
High pump. Refer to Fuel Injection
Service Manual, Form X30593A
Unmetered Fuel Pressure Drop Relief valve stuck open Repair or replace fuel pump
Very High Idle And Full Throttle Relief valve stuck closed Repair or replace fuel pump
Fuel Pressure Present
No Fuel Pressure Check valve stuck open Repair or replace fuel pump
APRIL 1998 5-19

FUEL INJECTION (continued)
Engine Will Not Start And No No fuel to engine Check tank fuel level
Fuel Flow Gauge Indication
Mixture control improperly Check mixture control for proper

rigged rigging. Refer to airframe
Engine not primed Check auxiliary pump switch

position. Refer to airframe
Selector valve in wrong position Position selector valve to MAIN

TANK position. Refer to airframe
Engine Will Not Start With Engine flooded Allow all fuel to drain from intake
Fuel Flow Gauge Indication system.
WARNING…Starting an
engine with a flooded intake
system may result in
hydrostatic lock and
subsequent engine
malfunction
No fuel to engine Loosen one line at nozzle. If no

fuel shows, with fuel flow on
gauge, replace fuel manifold
valve
Rough Idle Nozzle restricted Clean. Replace nozzle if

jet
5-20 APRIL 1998

FUEL INJECTION (continued)
Rough Idle (continued) Improper idle mixture Adjust fuel mixture in accordance
Adjustment”
Poor Acceleration Idle mixture incorrect Adjust fuel mixture in accordance

Adjustment”
Unmetered fuel pressure too Lower unmetered fuel pressure.

high Adjust in accordance with
chapter 22, "Fuel System
Adjustment."
Worn linkage Replace worn elements of

linkage. in accordance with the
airframe manufacturer's
instruction
Engine Runs Rough Restricted nozzle Clean. Replace nozzle if

jet.
Improper mixture Adjust fuel mixture in accordance
Adjustment
Low Fuel Flow Gauge Indication Restricted flow to metering unit Check for restriction between
fuel pump and fuel metering unit
Inadequate flow from fuel pump Adjust engine-driven fuel pump

in accordance with chapter 22,
"Fuel System Adjustment”
High Fuel Flow Gauge Indication Restricted flow beyond metering Check for restricted nozzles or
valve fuel manifold valve. Clean or
replace as required
Restricted recirculation passage Replace engine driven fuel pump
in fuel pump
APRIL 1998 5-21

INDUCTION
Engine Will Not Start Induction system intake Locate and remove obstruction
obstructed
Engine Will Not Run At Idling Induction system leakage See chapter 14
Speed
Engine Runs Too Rich At Cruise Restrictions in air intake Check air passages remove
Power passages restriction
Sluggish Operation And Low Throttle not opening wide Check and adjust control
Power connections in accordance with
the airframe manufacturer’s
instructions.
IGNITION
Engine Fails To Start Ignition switch OFF or grounded Turn switch On. Check for
switch wires grounded wires
Spark plugs fouled, improperly Remove and clean. Adjust to
gapped, or loose proper gap in accordance with
spark plug manufacturer's
specifications. Torque spark
plugs in accordance with
chapter 12
Magnetos improperly timed to Refer to chapter 12, Ignition
engine Timing for timing procedures
Shorted condenser Replace condenser in
accordance with magneto
Magneto internal timing incorrect Install correctly timed magneto
or timed for opposite rotation
Rough Idling Spark plugs fouled or improperly Clean spark plugs. Adjust to
gapped proper gap in accordance with
spark plug manufacturer's
specifications
Weak condenser Replace condenser in
accordance with magneto
Rough At Speeds Above Idle Loose or improperly gapped Adjust to proper gap in
spark plugs accordance with spark plug
manufacturer's specifications.
Torque spark plugs in
accordance with chapter 12
5-22 APRIL 1998

IGNITION (continued)
Rough At Speeds Above Idle High tension leak in ignition Inspect ignition harness in
(continued) harness accordance with harness
Weak or burned out condenser Replace points and condenser
as evidenced by burned or pitted in accordance with magneto
breaker points manufacturer's instructions
Sluggish Operation And/Or Fouled or dead spark plugs Clean spark plugs. Discard
Excessive RPM Drop faulty plugs. Adjust to proper
gap in accordance with spark
plug manufacturer's
specifications
Improperly gapped spark plugs Adjust to proper gap in
accordance with spark plug
manufacturer's specifications
Magnetos out of time Refer to Installation of Magnetos
and Ignition Timing for proper
timing procedure chapter 12.
Refer to the magneto
manufacturer's instructions for
magneto internal timing
Damaged magneto breaker Replace points and condenser
points or condenser in accordance with magneto
STARTING
Starter Will Not Operate Master switch circuit continuity Refer to the airframe
Master circuit continuity Refer to the airframe
Starter motor malfunctioning See chapter 17, "Starter
Maintenance"
Starter Motor Runs But Does Starter adapter drive train or See chapter 17, "Starter adapter
Not Turn Crankshaft clutch malfunctioning Maintenance"
Starter Motor Dragging Improperly charged battery Refer to airframe manufacturer's
instructions
Starter switch contacts burned Refer to airframe manufacturer's
or dirty instructions
Malfunctioning Starter See chapter 17, "Starter
Maintenance"
APRIL 1998 5-23

LUBRICATION
Excessive Oil Consumption Oil leakage Replace leaking oil lines, torque
loose connections
Gasket or seal leakage Replace gasket or oil seals
Improper seasonal weight or Service engine with proper oil,
grade oil see chapter 7
Worn piston rings or valve Inspect, repair or replace
guides cylinder. Replace piston rings
Excessive crankcase pressure Stuck rings or worn piston rings
or cylinder. Valve guide leakage
excessive. Worn or leaking
crankshaft oil seal
High Oil Temperature Indication Low oil supply Replenish, see chapter 7
Cooler air passages clogged Clean thoroughly
Cooler core plugged Remove cooler and flush
thoroughly
Thermostat damaged or held Remove clean valve and seat. If
open by solid matter still inoperative, replace
Oil Viscosity too high Drain and refill with correct
viscosity. See chapter 7
Prolonged ground operation Limit ground operation to a
minimum. Refer to the airframe
manufacturer's operating
instructions
Malfunctioning gauge or bulb Check wiring. Check bulb unit.
unit Check gauge. Refer to the
Airframe Manufacturer's
Instructions
Exhaust leak Replace malfunctioning
component, insure exhaust
system is installed properly,
replace any leaking gaskets
Low Oil Pressure Indication Low oil supply. Oil viscosity too Replenish. Drain and refill with
low correct seasonal weight. See
chapter 7
Malfunctioning oil pump Replace pump
Malfunctioning pressure gauge Check gauge. Clean plumbing.
Replace if required in
accordance with the Airframe
Manufacturer's Instructions
Weak or broken oil pressure Replace spring. Adjust pressure
relief valve spring to 30-60 psi. in accordance with
chapter 22
5-24 APRIL 1998

CYLINDERS
Rough Idling Hydraulic tappets fouled See chapter 19, Cylinder
Assembly Maintenance
"Hydraulic Tappets"
Burned or warped exhaust See chapter 19, Cylinder
valves, worn valve seats. Assembly Maintenance
Scored valve guides "Cylinders"
Valve seats worn and leaking, See chapter 19, Cylinder
piston rings worn or stuck in ring Assembly Maintenance
lands "Cylinders"
High Cylinder Head Exhaust valve leaking, cylinder See chapter 19, Cylinder
Temperature baffles loose or bent. Cooling Assembly Maintenance
area between cylinder fins "Cylinders"
obstructed
Exhaust gasket leaking Replace gasket
lands "Cylinders"
Baffle seals leaking Repair or replace baffle seals
or mispositioned
Low Compression Piston rings excessively worn See chapter 19, Cylinder
"Cylinders"
Valve faces and seats worn See chapter 19, Cylinder
"Cylinders"
Excessively worn cylinder walls See chapter 19, Cylinder
"Cylinders"
lands "Cylinders"
Continuous Fouling Of Spark Piston rings excessively worn or See chapter 19, Cylinder
Plugs broken Assembly Maintenance
"Cylinders"
Piston rings not seated See chapter 19, Cylinder
"Cylinders"
Cylinder has been overheated See chapter 19, Cylinder
"Cylinders"
Cylinder bore out of round See chapter 19, Cylinder
"Cylinders"
lands "Cylinders"
APRIL 1998 5-25

CRANKCASE
Sluggish operation and low Valve seats worn and leaking, See chapter 19, Cylinder
power output piston rings worn or stuck in ring Assembly Maintenance
lands "Cylinders"
Oil Loss Loose accessories or See chapter 20, "Crankcase
deteriorated gaskets Maintenance
Cracked crankcase See chapter 20, "Crankcase
Maintenance
Insufficient torque Tighten hardware to proper
torque in accordance with the
applicable Overhaul Manual
Loose accessories Loose or stripped studs Replace studs in accordance
with the applicable Overhaul
Manual
Insufficient torque Tighten accessory hardware to
proper torque in accordance
with the applicable Overhaul
Manual
Excessive Crankcase Pressure Cylinder blow-by Perform cylinder compression
test
CRANKSHAFT
Prop Control "RPM" Not Malfunctioning prop governor See the airframe manufacturer's
Controlling Properly instructions
Incorrect oil control collar to Replace oil control collar and/or
crankshaft clearance repair crankshaft in accordance
with the applicable overhaul
manual
Oil Loss Worn crankshaft nose seal Replace crankshaft nose oil seal
in accordance with the
applicable Overhaul Manual
5-26 APRIL 1998

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
5-27
CHAPTER 6
Unpacking, Deinhibiting, Installation

and Testing
Engine unpacking, deinhibiting, installation and testing must be performed in accordance with the
instructions in the I0-550-A,B,C,G, N, P and R Operation and Installation Manual, Form X30565 and
the airframe manufacturer’s instructions.
APRIL 2001 6-1

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
6-2
CHAPTER 7
SERVICING FLUIDS
SECTION PAGE
7-1 Servicing, Oil .............................................................................7-2
7-2 Oil Filter Element Inspection .....................................................7-7
7-3 Spectrographic Oil Analysis ......................................................7-7
7-4 Servicing Fuel ...........................................................................7-9
FIGURE PAGE
7-1 IO-550-A, B, C Oil Servicing Points ..........................................7-3
7-2 IO-550-G, N Oil Servicing Points ..............................................7-4
7-3 IO-550-P Oil Servicing Points ...................................................7-5
7-4 IO-550-R Oil Servicing Points ...................................................7-6
APRIL 2001 7-1

7-1 SERVICING OIL
CAUTION…Some funnel-type quart containers incorporate a styrofoam or aluminum seal.
Remove this seal from the container and discard it before adding oil to the engine. If the seal
becomes unattached and falls into the engine, engine damage and possible failure can
result.
The oil system must be serviced to capacity with the oil grades specified in chapter 3.
A certain amount of oil consumption is normal. If excessive consumption or any abrupt
change in rate of consumption is detected, this condition must be corrected before further
flight.
Maintain the engine compartment, nacelle and the fuselage adjacent to the nacelle in a clean
condition in order that an oil leak can be detected and corrected before further flight.
WARNING
Engine operation with no oil or severely reduced oil levels will cause engine
malfunction or failure.
Oil sump capacity in U.S. quarts:

IO-550-A, B, C, R...............................................................................................................12
IO-550-G & N ...................................................................................................................... 8
IO-550-P ............................................................................................................................10
NOTE...Engines which have a complete set of new or overhauled cylinders and new piston
rings must be serviced with clean, approved Engine Break-In and Preservation oil until oil
consumption has stabilized (approxi-mately 25 hours of operation). Thereafter, service the
engine with clean ashless dispersant oil that is TCM approved.
CAUTION...Petroleum base aviation engine oil is flammable and must be stored in a well
ventilated area away from any heat source.
7-2 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 7-1. IO-550-A, B, C OIL SERVICING POINTS
APRIL 2001 7-3

Oil Filler & Dipstick
Oil
Cooler
Oil
Temperature
Connection
Oil
Filter
Oil
Cooler
Oil Pressure
Connection
Oil Sump
Drains
FIGURE 7-2. IO-550-G, N OIL SERVICING POINTS
7-4 APRIL 2001

Oil
Cooler
Oil
Temperature
Connection
Oil Sump
Drain
Oil Filter
Oil
Cooler
Oil Pressure
Connection
Oil Sump
Drain
FIGURE 7-3. IO-550-P OIL SERVICING POINTS
APRIL 2001 7-5

Oil
Cooler
Oil
Temperature
Connection
Oil Sump
Drain
Oil
Filter
Oil
Cooler
Oil Pressure
Connection
IO-550-R
Oil Sump
Drain
FIGURE 7-4. IO-550-R OIL SERVICING POINTS
7-6 APRIL 2001

7-2 OIL FILTER ELEMENT INSPECTION
Oil filter element inspection is recommended at each oil and filter change even if oil analysis
is being used. Filter element inspection may identify internal engine wear that will not be
identified through oil analysis.
New, rebuilt, overhauled engines or engines that have had cylinders replaced will generally
exhibit noticeable amounts of normal wear material at the first and second oil and filter
change. The amount of material present should significantly decrease between the first and
second oil and filter change if the engine and or cylinders have been properly operated
during the break-in period.
As with oil analysis, oil filter element inspection provides maintenance personnel with
additional information on the wear characteristics of a specific engine. Sudden, unexplained
increases in concentration of wear material in a filter element should alert maintenance
personnel to investigate the source and cause of the material.
Material Identification:
Ferrous—attracts to magnet.
Aluminum—will "sizz" or bubble when placed in a 50 % solution of muriatic acid.
Bronze or Copper—will turn bright green when placed in nitric acid.
Carbon—will disintegrate when rubbed between index finger and thumb.
Sand—will not disintegrate when rubbed between two hard surfaces and will scratch glass
when pressure is applied.
Nickel—will not be magnetically attracted but looks similar to ferrous material.
Tin—will not be attracted magnetically. It looks similar to nickel but is soft and malleable.
7-3 SPECTROGRAPHIC OIL ANALYSIS
Spectrographic oil analysis has become popular with the owners and operators of general
aviation piston powered aircraft. This process was developed more than 35 years ago by the
railroads as a method of identifying wear characteristics in large diesel engines. Eventually
oil analysis was adopted by the military and then by commercial and general aviation.
Engines are designed and manufactured using various materials and alloys. The engine
lubrication system is designed to provide either pressure or splash oil to areas of the engine
subjected to frictional loading. During normal operation these areas undergo minute,
continuous wear; sub microscopic material is released from these contact surfaces and are
suspended in the lubricating oil. Spectrographic oil analysis identifies these materials and
their level of concentration in parts per million (PPM).
There are two accepted methods of performing oil analysis: atomic absorption and atomic
emissions.
Atomic absorption will identify suspended wear material that is five micron in size or smaller,
while atomic emissions will identify suspended wear material that is ten micron in size or
smaller. Since engine oil analysis is used as a tool to establish engine wear trends and
deviations from the established norm, either method is acceptable; however, it is important to
realize the oil analysis program must utilize the same laboratory for all sample analysis.
Comparing an oil analysis report from a separate laboratory will have little meaning if each
laboratory uses a different analysis method.
APRIL 2001 7-7

A proper spectrographic oil analysis program should begin with the first engine oil change.
Establishing a wear trend data base for an engine will require analysis of at least three oil
samples. As the engine accumulates operating time and additional oil samples are analyzed,
a definitive wear trend can be identified. Unexplained deviations from normal wear trend
patterns should be investigated using accepted, conventional inspection methods.
Spectrographic oil analysis must be accomplished according to a set protocol to provide any
useful information. Even if done properly, spectrographic oil analysis will rarely provide any
prior indication of a fatigue type failure. A single spectrographic oil sample will usually not
provide a high level of useful information since there is no established wear breed data on
that specific engine for comparison.
Spectrographic oil analysis will assist in the identification of an internal engine problem. If
samples are properly taken at regular intervals, it should provide the owner / operator and oil
analysis technician with information relative to normal or abnormal wear that occurs during
the course of engine operation. Deviations from an established wear trend pattern should
alert the owner / operator and oil analysis technician to further investigate.
Limitations
Variations in operation, use and maintenance may be reflected in the parts per million
content reported. Deviations from standard or previously used sampling procedures may
result in variations to the parts per million content in the sample report.
General Procedures
To establish a data base for comparison and analysis, oil samples must be taken on a
regular schedule using the same sampling techniques and laboratory. The engine must have
been operated long enough to obtain normal operational temperatures and the oil sample
taken within 30 minutes after engine shut down. The tube or funnels used to drain the oil
from the sump must be clean and free of any debris or residue. If the oil sample is taken from
the oil as it drains from the sump, allow approximately 1/3 of the oil drain prior to taking the
sample. If the sample is taken via the oil filler or other location using a sampling tube, it is
critical the sample be taken from two or three inches above the bottom of the oil sump, not
from the bottom. Do not take an oil sample from the oil filter canister.
7-8 APRIL 1998

7-4 SERVICING FUEL
Aviation Min. Grade .................................................................. 100LL (Blue) or 100(Green)
See the applicable airframe manufacturer’s instructions for aircraft Fueling Procedure and
Fueling Points.
WARNING
The use of lower octane rated fuel or jet fuel will result in damage or
destruction of an engine the first time high power is applied. This would most
likely occur on takeoff. If the aircraft is inadvertently serviced with the wrong
grade of fuel or jet fuel the fuel must be completely drained and the tank
properly serviced.
Any engine operated on fuel of lower grade than approved for the engine or jet fuel must be
completely disassembled, cleaned, inspected, repaired, reassembled and tested in accordance
with the current overhaul manual.
APRIL 1998 7-9

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
7-10
CHAPTER 8
Engine Preservation and Storage
Engine engine preservation and storage must be performed in accordance with the instructions in
the I0-550-A,B,C,G,N,P and R Operation and Installation Manual, Form X30565.
APRIL 2001 8-1

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
8-2
CHAPTER 9
STANDARD PRACTICES
SECTION PAGE
9-1 General .............................................................................................9-2
9-2 Lockwire Procedure..........................................................................9-3
9-3 Tab Washer Procedure ....................................................................9-5
9-4 Cotter Pin Procedure ........................................................................9-5
9-5 Application Of Adhesives..................................................................9-6
9-6 Installation Of Gaskets......................................................................9-6
9-7 Hose And Tubing Installation........................................................ 9-6
FIGURE PAGE
9-1 General Lockwire Procedure............................................................9-3
9-2 General Lockwire Patterns ...............................................................9-4
9-3 Tab Washer Installation Procedure ..................................................9-5
9-4 General Cotter Pin Installation Procedure........................................9-6
9-5 Torquing Hose Fittings .....................................................................9-7
9-6 Torquing Hose Fittings .....................................................................9-7
APRIL 2001 9-1

9-1 GENERAL
To facilitate and insure proper reinstallation, tag or mark all parts and hardware as they are
removed or disassembled.
Tag any unserviceable parts or units for investigation and possible repair. Take extreme care to
prevent lockwire, nuts, washers, dirt, etc., from entering the engine on or off the aircraft. Make
use of protective caps, plugs and covers to insure openings are unexposed.
CAUTION…Dust caps used to protect open lines must be installed OVER the tube ends and
NOT IN the tube ends. Flow through the lines will be blocked if lines are inadvertently installed
with the dust caps in the tube ends.
If anything is dropped into the engine work must be stopped immediately and the item
removed.
Insure all parts are thoroughly clean and lubricated as specified before assembling.
All lockwire and cotter pins must fit snugly in holes drilled in specific hardware. On castellated
nuts, unless otherwise specified, the cotter pin head must fit into a recess of the nut with the
other end bent such that one leg is back over the stud and the other is down flat against the nut
in accordance with Section 9-4. Use only manufacturer specified corrosion resistant steel cotter
pins. All lockwire utilized on TCM engines must conform to MS20995 Condition A.
When replacing gaskets, packings, or rubber parts use the type or composition specified by the
manufacturer.
Make sure replacement nonmetallic and metallic parts show no sign of storage deterioration.
Parts exceeding specified shelf life limitations must not be used.
When a hammer is required to come in direct contact with an engine part during assembly or
disassembly, use a mallet made of plastic or rawhide material only.
Parts removed from the engine must be cleaned and inspected in accordance with the
specified instructions located in the applicable system chapter.
9-2 APRIL 1998

9-2 LOCKWIRE PROCEDURE
Lockwiring is the securing together of two or more parts with lockwire installed in such a
manner that any tendency for a part to loosen will be counteracted by additional tightening of
the lockwire.
All lockwire utilized on TCM engines must conform to MS20995 Condition A. Most bolts utilized
in TCM engines that require lockwiring will use .032 lockwire and require twisting at a rate of 7
to 10 twists per inch. Smaller lockwire (when specified or required) will require twisting at a rate
of 9 to 12 twists per inch. Lockwire must be new at each application.
Lockwire must be pulled taut while being twisted and caution must be exercised during the
twisting operation to keep the lockwire tight without overstressing. See Figure 9-1, "General
Lockwire Procedure," for steps in applying lockwire.
FIGURE 9-1. GENERAL LOCKWIRE PROCEDURE
9-3
Various examples of lockwiring are shown in Figure 9-2, "General Lockwire Patterns."
1. Check the units to be lockwired to insure they have been correctly torqued. Applying torque
that is above or below specified limits to obtain alignment of the holes is not permitted.
2. It is desirable to have the holes parallel, but this is not a necessity. For right hand threads, the
lockwire shall be installed in such a manner that the strand through the hole will have a
tendency to pull the unit clockwise.
3. Insert half of the required lengh of lockwire through the first unit and bend around the head of
the unit. The direction of wraps and twist of strands shall be such that the loop around the unit
comes under the strand protruding from the hole so that the loop will stay down and will not
tend to slip up and leave a slack loop.
4. Twist the strands while taut until the twisted part is just short of a hole in the next unit. The
twisted portion should be within one-eighth (1/8) inch from the hole in either unit.
5. Insert the uppermost strand through the hole in the second unit and follow the rules in
Paragraph three.
1. After lockwiring the last unit continue twisting the lockwire to form a pigtail, providing sufficient
twists (four minimum) to assure that the pigtail will not unravel. Cut off the excess lockwire and
bend the pigtail toward the part and against the bolt head flats. DO NOT ALLOW THE PIGTAIL
TO EXTEND ABOVE THE BOLT HEAD.
FIGURE 9-2. GENERAL LOCKWIRE PATTERNS
9-4
FIGURE 9-3 GENERAL TAB WASHER INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
9-3 TAB WASHER PROCEDURE
Tab washers are installed by fitting a tab in a tab hole or slot and bending the remaining tabs
firmly against the bolt or nut flat. Tab washers are used in various locations in TCM engines
and must not be re-used after removal.
Tabs that are provided to be bent up against the head flats must be seated firmly with no
scarring of the tabs. This provides proper locking of the unit and prevents tabs from breaking
off.
1. Make certain the holding tab is located in the tab hole or slot.
2. Check the units to be secured and verify they have been correctly torqued in accordance
with the specified instructions of the applicable system section.
3. Bend tabs against the head flats firmly by tapping them into place with a soft drift. See
Figure 9-3, "General Tab Washer Installation Procedure."
9-4 COTTER PIN PROCEDURE
Cotter pins are installed by inserting the cotter pin through a hole in one part, slots in the other
part and spreading the exposed ends.
Cotter pins are not reusable and must be replaced with a new cotter pin after removal.
1. Torque the nut to the lower limit of the torque specification. If the slots in the nut do not line
up with one of the holes in the bolt continue torquing until one does. Do not exceed the
upper limit of the torque specification. Change the nut if necessary.
2. Insert the cotter pin with the head seated firmly in the slot of the nut. Bend the ends over
the flat on the nut and the end of the bolt. Trim the prong lengths as necessary.
3. Seat the prongs firmly against the bolt and nut. See Figure 9-4, "General Cotter Pin
Installation."
APRIL 1998 9-5

FIGURE 9-4. GENERAL COTTER PIN INSTALLATION
9-5 APPLICATION OF ADHESIVES
Adhesives and sealants will be used only in specific applications outlined in Chapter 3, "Table
Of Sealants and Lubricants."
WARNING
The improper use of sealants and lubricants may cause engine malfunction or
failure.
Gasket Maker P/N 646942 - Surfaces must be clean and free of nicks, burrs, oil and grit. Apply
a thin translucent coat of Gasket Maker not to exceed .010 inch thick to the surface specified in
Chapter 3, "Table Of Sealants Sealants and Lubricants."
Gasket Maker is an easily workable tacky gel which can be extruded onto one side of a flange
surface from a tube and evenly spread. Small parts can be covered adequately by pressing
them into a saturated polyester urethane sponge or by roll coating them with a short nap roller.
Once Gasket Maker has been applied evenly torque assembly into place. Excess material can
be cleaned by wiping with chlorinated solvent. Material on hands can be cleaned with waterless
mechanics hand soap followed by soap and water.
NOTE…TCM general purpose primer P/N 653160 must be used for surface preparation
before applying Gasket Maker at the engine nose seal area.
9-6 INSTALLATION OF GASKETS
All gaskets must be new, of the proper material and visually inspected prior to installation.
Following visual inspection, if the gasket shows any indication of gouges, nicks, cuts or bend
and fatigue marks replace with a new manufacturer specified gasket.
Gasket surfaces must be clean and free of nicks, burrs, oil and grit. Apply a thin coat of TCM
Gasket Sealant P/N #642188-1 to both sides of gasket unless otherwise specified. See
Chapter 3, "Table Of Sealants and Lubricants," for application of gasket sealant. Once TCM
Gasket Sealant has been applied install gasket. Install assembly and evenly torque hardware
to specified value. This will prevent over stressing gasket.
WARNING
Gaskets and components must be properly positioned, hardware torqued and
safetied as required during assembly to prevent oil loss.
9-7 HOSE AND TUBING INSTALLATION

It is required that the following procedure be used when hoses and tubing are removed,
attached and torqued to fittings contained on components such as fuel, induction, lubrication
and turbocharger systems.
APRIL 2001
9-6
WARNING
Failure to properly support component fittings can result in fitting and/or
component damage and a resulting loss of system pressure.
1. See Figures 9-5 and 9-6.
2. Select the proper size open end wrenches that will fit the fitting body and hose or tubing
end fitting.
3. Torque or loosen (as required) the hose or tubing end fitting while maintaining sufficient
force on the component fitting to prevent twisting and shear loads.
4. Components that contain multiple fittings coupled in one location must have the last fitting
in the assembly properly supported as indicated in the preceding paragraphs.
5. DO NOT over torque fittings. Consult the appropriate manufacturer's manual for specific
installation procedures and torque values.
APRIL 2001 9-7

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
9-8
CHAPTER 10
ENGINE MAINTENANCE
10-1 GENERAL
During engine 50 and 100 hour inspections, if engine components must be removed and
replaced, refer to the applicable disassembly/reassembly instructions found in the IO-550
Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A as outlined in Maintenance Section of
each system.
NOTE...Engine operational inspection must be performed prior to any 50 or 100 hour static
inspections. See Chapter 5 "Operational Inspecton."
Corrections and adjustments will be found in the individual system chapters of this manual
under "Maintenance," and Chapter 22, "Post Maintenance Adjustment And Test."
At the completion of all 50/100 hour inspection procedures, see Chapter 22 and perform the
post maintenance operational test.
APRIL 1998 10-1

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
10-2
CHAPTER 11
EXHAUST SYSTEM
11-1 EXHAUST SYSTEM

This chapter is reserved for engines utilizing an exhaust system and components supplied on
some engine models by Teledyne Continental Motors. For I0-550-A, B, C, G, N, P & R
exhaust system maintenance, see the airframe manufacturer's instructions.
APRIL 2001 11-1

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
11-2
CHAPTER 12
IGNITION SYSTEM
SECTION PAGE
12-1 TCM Ignition System Description ...............................................12-2
12-2 Slick Ignition System Description ...............................................12-3
12-3 Ignition System Component Detailed Description......................12-3
12-4 Spark Plugs.................................................................................12-4
12-5 Magneto to Engine Timing..........................................................12-5
12-6 Ignition System Maintenance .....................................................12-10
FIGURE PAGE
12-1 Spark Plug Rotation....................................................................12-4
12-2 Spark Plug Wear.........................................................................12-5
12-3 Timing Position Step 1................................................................12-7
12-8 Service Limits..............................................................................12-10
12-9 Ignition Wiring Diagram ..............................................................12-11
APRIL 2001 12-1

12-1 TCM IGNITION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Dual ignition is provided by two magnetos. The left magneto fires 1-3-5 lower and 2-4-6 upper
spark plugs, while the right magneto fires the 1-3-5 upper and 2-4-6 lower spark plugs.
The TCM S6RN-201, -205, 1201, 1205 series magnetos are designed to provide ignition for six
cylinder aircraft engines. The magnetos generate and distribute high tension current through
high tension leads to the spark plugs. Because of the one piece housing design, these high
tension magnetos are comparatively easy to maintain between overhauls. The magnetos must
be overhauled at engine overhaul or four calendar year interval in accordance with the
applicable Magneto Service Manual.
To obtain the retard spark necessary for starting, the S-20 series magnetos and some S-1200
series magnetos employ an impulse coupling. The purpose of the impulse coupling is to: (1)
rotate the magneto between impulse trips faster than the engine cranking speed thus
generating a better spark for starting the engine, (2) automatically retard the spark during
engine cranking, and (3) act as a drive coupling for the magneto. S-200 series magnetos and
some S-1200 series magnetos employ the "shower of sparks" ignition system, including a
starter vibrator. The purpose of the "shower of sparks" is to: (1) boost ignition energy by feeding
pulsating battery voltage to the magneto primary circuit during starting and (2) automatically
retard the spark during engine cranking.
The following detailed explanation gives the meaning of the various letters and numbers
appearing in the type designations:
S 6 R N - 1201
Model Number
Magneto Configuration
S-20 Serles
S = Single Type Magneto: 20: Dog-Ear Mount, No Impulse Coupling
one drive, one output distributor 21: Dog-Ear Mount, Impulse Coupled
D = Dual Type Magneto: 23: Dog-Ear Mount, Impulse Coupled, Military
one drive, two output distributors Shielding
25: Deep Flange Mount, Impulse Coupled
25P:Deep Flange Mount, Impulse Coupled,
Cylinders Fired Pressurized
4 = Four Cylinders S-200 Serles
6 = Six Cylinders 200: Dog Ear Mount, With Retard Breaker
8 = Eight Cylinders 201: Deep Flange Mount, With Retard Breaker
204: Dog Ear Mount, Without Retard Breaker
205: Deep Flange Mount, Without Retard Breaker
Rotatlon As Viewed S-1200 Serles
Looking At Drive End 1201: Deep Flange Mount, With Retard Breaker
1205: Deep Flange Mount, Without Retard Breaker
L = Left (counterclockwise) 1208: Short Flange Mount, With Retard Breaker
R = Right (clockwise) 1209: Short Flange Mount, Without Retard Breaker
1225: Deep Flange Mount, lrnpulse Couple
1227: Short Flange Mount, Impulse Coupled
1251: Pressurized Version of 1201
Designator 1255: Pressurized Version of 1205
1258: Pressurized Version of 1208
N = Scintilla Design 1259: Pressurized Version of 1209
SC = Short Cover D-3000 Serles
3000: Impulse Coupled
3200: With Retard Breaker
12-2
The following detailed explanation gives the meaning of the various letters and numbers appearing in
the TCM magneto serial number (Manufacturing Number). Example: B138901FR
B 13 89 01 F R
Month Day of Year Sequential Product Factory

Month (1989) Number for unit Code: Rebuilt
A. January begins with (No letter
B. February "01" each day D: S-20 for new)
C. March E: S200
D. April F: S1200
E. May G: D3000
F. June
G. July
H. August
I. September
J. October
K. November
L. December
12-2 SLICK IGNITION SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Conventional dual ignition is provided by two magnetos. The left magneto fires the 1-3-5- lower
and the 2-4-6 upper spark plugs, while the right magneto fires the 1-3-5 upper and 2-4-6 lower
spark plugs.
The Slick 6210 Series Magnetos, manufactured by Unison Industries, 530 Blackhawk Park
Avenue, Rockford, Illinois 61101, are designed to provide ignition for six cylinder light aircraft
engines. The magnetos generate and distribute high tension current through high tension leads
to the spark plugs.
To obtain the retard spark necessary for starting, the magnetos employ an impulse coupling.
The purpose of the impulse coupling is to: (1) rotate the magneto between impulse trips faster
than engine cranking speed, thus generating a better spark for starting the engine; (2)
automatically retard the spark during engine cranking, and (3) act as a drive coupling for the
magneto.
The following detailed explanation gives the meaning of the various numbers appearing in the
Slick serial number.
EG-2 03 132
The number of a
The year of manufacture particular model
(2=1982) manufactured in the
month specified
The month of manufacture
(03=March)
12-3 IGNITION SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For a detailed description of magnetos and harnesses see TCM Ignition System Master
Service Manual Form X40000 or Slick Ignition Systems Master Service Manual Form F-1100
as applicable. See Related Publications section 1-5 for ordering information.
Magneto Accessory Drive Adapter - Each magneto is driven by a magneto drive shaft,
retainer and bushings housed inside a magneto and accessory drive adapter. The adapters are
attached to the upper rear portion of the crankcase and secured by four studs, washers and
nuts. The magneto drive shafts are installed in the front of the adapter and meshed in the
proper position with the idler gear. Two rubber bushings (per magneto) are installed within a
APRIL 2001 12-3

retainer on the drive shaft. The rubber bushings provide a shock absorbing engagement
between magneto and engine drive train.
12-4 Spark Plugs

Remove spark plugs for cleaning or replacement in accordance with the applicable
disassembly/reassembly instructions in the IO-550-A,B,C,G, N, P & R Overhaul Manual, Form
X30568A.
After spark plugs are removed:
1. Clean and gap or replace in accordance with the spark plug manufacturer’s specifications.
2. Test spark firing under pressure using a Champion® cleaner/tester or equivalent.
3. Replace any spark plug that does not fire properly. Insure that each spark plug is free of
residue from the cleaning process.
4. Apply Champion® thread lubricant to all spark plugs in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and reinstall spark plugs in the reverse spark plug installation
order. Do not torque spark plugs at this time.
CAUTION...Never install a spark plug that has been dropped, discard it.
Use Figure 12-2 to help you make an informed decision whether to clean, regap, and reuse a
spark plug or discard it.
5 3 1 C Y L IN D E R R O T A T IO N
C Y L IN D E R C Y L IN D E R
T B T B T B NUM BER NUM BER
FROM TO
1 TO P 6 BO TTOM
1 BO TTOM 6 TO P
2 TO P 5 BO TTOM
2 BO TTOM 5 TO P
3 TO P 4 BO TTOM
3 BO TTOM 4 TO P
4 TO P 3 BO TTOM
4 BO TTOM 3 TO P
5 TO P 2 BO TTOM
T B T B T B 5 BO TTOM 2 TO P
6 TO P 1 BO TTOM
6 4 2 6 BO TTOM 1 TO P
FIGURE 12-1. SPARK PLUG ROTATION
12-4 APRIL 2001

NORMAL ELECTRODE CONDITION
Insulator tip gray, tan or light brown. Few combustion
deposits. Electrodes not burned or eroded. Proper
type heat range plug for engine and service. Spark
plug should be cleaned regapped and tested before
reinstallation.
NORMAL WORN-OUT CONDITION

Electrodes eroded by high-voltage sparking and by
corrosive gases formed during combustion to less
than 1/2 original thickness. More voltage needed to
fire spark plugs - often more than ignition system can
produce. Discard and replace with new spark plugs.
SEVERE WORN-OUT CONDITION

Excessively eroded center and ground electrodes
plus extensive necking of fine wire ground electrodes
indicate abnormal engine power or plugs long over-
due for replacement. Check fuel metering and magneto
timing. Discard spark plugs and check heat range
before installing new ones.
ELECTRODE WEAR PATTERNS

Constant polarity occurs with even-numbered cylinder
magnetos. One plugs fires with positive polarity, causing
excessive ground-electrode wear, while the next plug fires
negatively, causing excessive center electrode wear. To
equalize this, rotate as indicated in Figure 12-1.
FIGURE 12-2. SPARK PLUG WEAR

12-5 Magneto to Engine Timing
WARNING
To prevent possibility of serious bodily injury or death, before moving the
propeller accomplish the following:
a. Disconnect all spark plug leads.
b. Verify magneto switches are connected to magnetos, that they are in
the "OFF" Position and "P" leads are grounded.
c. Throttle position "CLOSED."
d. Mixture control "IDLE-CUT-OFF."
e. Set brakes and block aircraft wheels. Insure that aircraft tie-downs are
installed and verify that the cabin door latch is open.
f. Do not stand within the arc of the propeller blades while turning the
propeller.
APRIL 2001 12-5

WARNING
Magneto-to-engine timing does not insure magneto, harness, and spark plug
performance. Failure to properly maintain the magneto, harness, and spark
plugs may lead to internal engine damage and failure. Magneto, ignition harness,
and spark plugs must be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
CAUTION...A single severe kickback while cranking the engine can cause failure of
components in the cranking system. Kickback can be caused by intermittent operation of the
impulse couplings. Perform the following operational test at the specified intervals to insure that
these systems are functioning properly.
Magneto Impulse Coupling Test

WARNING
Failure to properly ground magnetos may result in engine ignition and possible
injury to personnel.
1. Insure that both magnetos are properly grounded and that all spark plugs are installed in all
cylinders. Remove all spark plug harness lead ends from the spark plugs and ground them
to the engine to prevent ignition.
2. Before cranking engine perform the following:
a. Magneto switch, if separate from starter switch ......................................................... OFF
b. Mixture ..................................................................................................... IDLE CUT OFF
c. Throttle ............................................................................................................... CLOSED
d. Fuel selector ............................................................................................................... OFF
e. Master switch .................................................................................................... ON
3. Crank engine several revolutions.
WARNING
Use extreme caution in the area of the propeller while performing this test. Do
not stand or allow anyone else to stand in the propeller arc area.
a. Impulse coupling operation is audible and can be felt through the magneto housings.
The impulse couplings should consistently click together while the engine is being
cranked.
b. If no clicking or if only intermittent clicking is heard, remove the magnetos and service
them in accordance with the magneto manufacturer's instructions.
12-6 APRIL 1998

When performing a magneto timing check, use the following tools:
• Top dead center locator
• Protractor and Pointer
The Eastern Electronics Model E25 Timing Indicator kit or equivalent is recommended.
Use the following timing procedure to insure correct engine timing.
NOTE...Whenever setting or checking timing, always turn the crankshaft steadily in the direction of
rotation to eliminate backlash error.
Timing Steps
1. Remove all top spark plugs. Rotate the crankshaft in the direction of normal rotation until
the number one piston is at top dead center on the compression stroke. Rotate the
crankshaft in the opposite direction of normal rotation until the piston is far enough down
the barrel to allow the TDC locator to be installed.
2. Install the top dead center locator into No. 1 cylinder top spark plug hole.
3. Install timing disc of indicator being used on the crankshaft flange.
4. Turn crankshaft slowly in direction of normal rotation until piston lightly touches TDC
locator.
5. Rotate disc of timing indicator until the 0 degree mark aligns with the pointer.
6. Slowly turn crankshaft in opposite direction of normal rotation until the piston lightly
touches TDC locator.
FIGURE 12-3. TIMING PROCEDURE STEP 1
APRIL 2001 12-7

7. Observe reading on the disc under the pointer and move the disc, to exactly one-half of the
number of degrees observed, toward the top center mark.
8. This will be approximately one-half the number of degrees remaining of 360 degrees of
crankshaft rotation. You have now positioned the timing disc to locate top dead center.
9. Remove the TDC locator from the cylinder and find the compression stroke on No. 1 cylinder
by placing a finger over the spark plug hole, or any other adequate method. As you come up
on compression, stop the pointer at the TDC location.
12-8 APRIL 2001

10. To check either the magneto timing or to time the magneto to the engine, move the
propeller in the opposite direction of normal rotation past the specified magneto timing
setting and then back in the direction of normal rotation until the desired setting before top
dead center is under the pointer. (This removes gear backlash.)
11. The breaker points should just be starting to open at this setting. Breaker point opening
must be checked with a timing light.
APRIL 2001 12-9

12-6 Ignition System Maintenance
Magneto Drive Adapter Removal and Replacement
Remove magneto drive adapter assemblies for repair or replacement in accordance with the
applicable portion of the “Magneto And Accessory Drive” disassembly instructions in the IO-550
Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A. When performing magneto drive adapter
repairs prior to engine TBO, the dimensional limits on this page may be used.
CAUTION...When performing dimensional inspection, the following “Service Limits” may be

used. However, they are intended only as a guide for reuse when performing engine
maintenance prior to major overhaul. Parts with dimensions or fits that exceed service limits
must not be reused. Parts with values up to and including service limits may be reused.
However, consideration should be given to how close the engine is to its next recommended
overhaul. Service limits must NOT be used when overhauling an engine .
Service Limits
Refer to Figure 12-8 below for the location of the following magneto components:
Ref. Service
No. Description Limits
1. Bushing in magneto and accessory drive adapter............Diameter: 0.0040T
2. Magneto and accessory drive gear in adapter bushing....Diameter: 0.0050L
3. Oil seal in adapter ..........................................................Diameter: 0.0070T
4. Sleeve in magneto and accessory drive gear ................Diameter: 0.0040T
5. Magneto coupling retainer on magneto and
accessory drive gear sleeve...........................................Diameter: 0.0550L
6. Magneto and accessory drive gear .......................End Clearance: 0.0770L
7. Magneto coupling retainer in
magneto drive gear slot.........................................Side Clearance: 0.040L
8. Magneto coupling rubber bushings on
magneto drive lugs ................................................Side Clearance: 0.0140L
9. Magneto pilot in crankcase ............................................Diameter: 0.0050L
T=Tight L=Loose
4 5 7
1
2
6
8
FIGURE 12-8. SERVICE LIMITS
12-10 APRIL 2001

Magneto Removal and Replacement
Remove the magnetos for repair or replacement in accordance with “Ignition System
Disassembly/Reassembly” in the IO-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
Magneto maintenance such as point replacement, condenser replacement, impulse coupling
replacement or internal magneto timing must be performed in accordance with the magneto
Ignition Harness Removal and Replacement

Remove the harness assemblies for repair or replacement in accordance with the applicable
“Ignition System Disassembly/Reassembly instructions” in the IO-550 Permold Series
Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
Any harness assembly maintenance such as single lead replacement must be performed in
accordance with the harness manufacturer’s instructions.
UPPER UPPER
SPARK PLUGS SPARK PLUGS
ENGINE FIRING ORDER 1 6 3 2 5 4 6

MAGNETO FIRING ORDER 1 2 3 4 5 6
5
3 6
2 4 5 1
1 5 4 2
6 3
RIGHT MAG LEFT MAG

2
3
6
5
FIGURE 12-9. IGNITION WIRING DIAGRAM
APRIL 1998 12-11

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
12-12
CHAPTER 13
FUEL SYSTEM
SECTION PAGE
13-1 Engine Fuel System Description ..................................... 13-2
13-2A Altitude Compensating Fuel Pump I0-550-A, B, C.......... 13-4
13-2B Standard Fuel Pump I0-550-A, B, C................................ 13-6
13-3 Fuel Pump I0-550-G, N, P, R .......................................... 13-8
13-4 Throttle and Fuel Control Unit I0-550-A, B, C ................. 13-10
13-5 Throttle and Fuel Metering Unit I0-550-G, N, P, R.......... 13-11
13-6 Fuel Control Unit I0-550-A, B, C...................................... 13-12
13-7 Fuel Metering Unit I0-550-G, N, P, R .............................. 13-13
13-8 Fuel Manifold Valve ......................................................... 13-13
13-9 Fuel Nozzle...................................................................... 13-14
13-10 Fuel System Maintenance............................................... 13-15
FIGURE PAGE
13-1 Fuel System Schematic IO-550-A, B, C.......................... 13-2
13-2 Fuel System Schematic IO-550-G, N, P, R..................... 13-3
13-3A Altitude Compensating Fuel Pump
Description IO-550-A, B, C .............................................. 13-5
13-3B Standard Fuel Pump Description IO-550-A, B, C ........... 13-7
13-4 Fuel Pump Description IO-550-G, N, P, R ...................... 13-9
13-5 Air Throttle & Fuel Control General
Description IO-550-A, B, C .............................................. 13-10
13-6 Throttle And Fuel Metering Unit
Description IO-550-G, N, P, R......................................... 13-11
13-7 Fuel Control Unit General Description
IO-550-A, B, C ................................................................. 13-12
13-8 Fuel Metering Unit Description IO-550-G, N, P, R .......... 13-13
13-9 Fuel Manifold Valve General Description........................ 13-13
13-10 Fuel Nozzle General Description..................................... 13-14
13-11 Throttle and Fuel Control Unit
Lubrication IO-550-A, B, C .............................................. 13-17
13-12 Throttle and Fuel Control Unit
Lubrication IO-550-G, N, P, R ......................................... 13-17
13-13 Fuel Pump Drive Fits and Limits ..................................... 13-20
13-14A General F / I Sealant Application..................................... 13-25
13-14B General Fuel Nozzle Anti-Seize Application................. 13-25
TABLE PAGE
1 Torque Specifications For Fittings................................... 13-26
2 Torque Specifications For Hose Fittings ......................... 13-26
APRIL 2001 13-1

13-1 ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Fuel System IO-550-A, B & C (See Figure 13-1)

The fuel injection system is a low pressure, multi-nozzle, continuous flow system that supplies
fuel to the intake valve port in the cylinder head. There are four basic elements in the fuel
injection system: the fuel pump, fuel control unit, fuel manifold valve and fuel nozzles. Fuel
flows from the fuel pump to the fuel control unit. The fuel then flows from the fuel control unit to
the fuel manifold valve where it is distributed to the six fuel injector nozzles. See next page for
IO-550-G fuel injection system description.
INLET FUEL RETURN FUEL FROM

4 METERED FUEL FROM ACFT FUEL CONTROL
6
2 8
FUEL 10
PRESSURE UNMETERED NOZZLE
PRESSURE FUEL PRESSURE PRESSURE
P.S.I. 12
20 14 METERED FUEL VAPOR

18 16
PRESSURE RETURN
VAPOR VENT
RETURN TO
FUEL TANK
FUEL INLET
FROM FUEL
FUEL RETURN FROM TANK
FUEL CONTROL
FUEL PUMP ASSEMBLY
MANIFOLD FUEL CONTROL
VALVE ASSEMBLY
LOW PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVE
FUEL INJECTORS
ADJUSTABLE ORIFICE
THROTTLE BODY
IDLE MIXTURE BYPASS
ADJUST
4
DRAIN
6
2 8
FUEL 10
PRESSURE
IDLE SPEED
UNMETERED
P.S.I. 12
STOP SCREW 20 14
FUEL 18 16
PRESSURE
FIGURE 13-1. FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC IO-550-A, B & C

13-2 APRIL 1998
Fuel System IO-550-G, N, P & R (See Figure 13-2)
The fuel injection system is a low pressure system that injects fuel into the intake valve port in the
cylinder head. It is designed for ready adaptation on engines of widely varying power ratings,
displacement and number of cylinders. There are four basic elements in the fuel injection system: the
fuel pump, fuel metering unit, fuel manifold valve and fuel nozzles. Fuel flows from the fuel pump to the
fuel metering unit. The fuel then flows from the fuel metering unit to the fuel manifold valve where it is
distributed to the six fuel injector nozzles.
2
4 6 METERED FUEL AIRCRAFT
8
FUEL 10
PRESSURE SUPPLY
PRESSURE
P.S.I. 12 UNMETERED
20
16
14
FUEL
18
METERED
FUEL
NOZZLE
PRESSURE
VAPOR
RETURN
n
FUEL MANIFOLD
IDLE CUTOFF FULL RICH VALVE ASSEMBLY
FUEL PUMP
FUEL INJECTOR
NOZZLE
4 6 THROTTLE & CONTROL ASSEMBLY

2 8
FUEL 10
PRESSURE
P.S.I. 12
20 14
UNMETERED FUEL 18 16
PRESSURE
FIGURE 13-2. FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC IO-550-G, N, P & R

APRIL 2001 13-3
13-2A Altitude Compensating Fuel Pump IO-550-A, B & C (See Figure 13-3A)
Fuel enters the fuel pump at the swirl well of the vapor separator. Here, vapor is separated
by a swirling motion so that only liquid fuel is fed to the pump. The vapor is drawn from the
top center of the swirl well by a small pressure-jet of fuel and is fed into the vapor return
line. This line carries the vapor back to the fuel tank. There are no moving parts in the
vapor separator, and the only restrictive passage is used in connection with vapor removal.
Thus, there is no restriction of main fuel flow.
Ignoring the effect of altitude or ambient air conditions for the moment, the use of a positive
displacement, engine-driven pump means that changes in engine speed affect total pump
flow proportionally. The fuel pump provides greater capacity than is required by the engine.
Thus, a recirculation path is provided.
By arranging a variable orifice and relief valve in the recirculation path, the pump delivery
pressure is maintained proportional to engine speed and ambient air pressure. This
insures proper pump pressure and delivery at all engine operating speeds and altitudes.
The altitude compensating type fuel pumps utilize an aneroid and rod assembly that assist
in controlling fuel flow. The aneroid housing is referenced to ambient air pressure. The
aneroid bellows expands when the air pressure surrounding it decreases. As the aneroid
expands it moves the rod increasing the size of the orifice opening. An increased amount
of fuel flows through the orifice to a recirculation path. This decreases fuel flow from the
fuel pump to the fuel control unit.
A check valve is provided so that boost pressure to the system can by-pass the engine
driven fuel pump during engine starting. This feature also aids in the suppression of vapor
formation during high ambient temperature conditions.
13-4 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 13-3A. ALTITUTE COMPENSATING FUEL PUMP
DESCRIPTION I0-550-A, B & C
APRIL 2001 13-5

13-2B Standard Fuel Pump IO-550-A, B & C (See Figure 13-3B)
by a swirling motion so that only liquid fuel is fed to the pump. The vapor is drawn from the
top center of the swirl well by a small pressure-jet of fuel and is fed into the vapor return
line. This line carries the vapor back to the fuel tank. There are no moving parts in the
vapor separator, and the only restrictive passage is used in connection with vapor removal.
Thus, there is no restriction of main fuel flow.
By arranging a variable orifice and relief valve in the recirculation path, the pump delivery
pressure is maintained proportional to engine speed. This insures proper pump pressure
and delivery at all engine operating speeds.
13-6 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 13-3B. STANDARD FUEL PUMP DESCRIPTION I0-550-A, B & C
APRIL 2001 13-7

13-3 Fuel Pump IO-550-G, N, P & R (See Figure 13-4)
by a swirling motion so only liquid fuel is fed to the pump. The vapor is drawn from the top
center of the swirl well by a small pressure-jet of fuel and is fed into the vapor return line.
This line carries the vapor back to the fuel tank. There are no moving parts in the vapor
separator, and the only restrictive passage is used in connection with vapor removal. Thus,
there is no restriction of main fuel flow.
The fuel pump incorporates a mixture control valve that routes fuel, through the
recirculation path, back to the vapor separator swirl chamber when the mixture control
lever is placed in the idle cutoff position. In the idle cutoff position fuel is not allowed to exit
the pump outlet. The recirculation path is blocked in the full rich position. When the mixture
control is placed in the full rich position, fuel exits the fuel pump outlet. If the mixture
control is placed in an intermediate position fuel flows through the pump outlet and the
recirculation path.
By arranging a calibrated adjustable orifice and relief valve in the recirculation path, the
pump delivery pressure is maintained proportional to engine speed. These provisions
assure proper pump pressure and delivery for all engine operating speeds.
13-8 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 13-4. FUEL PUMP DESCRIPTION IO-550-G, N, P & R
APRIL 2001 13-9

13-4 Throttle And Fuel Control Unit IO-550-A, B & C (See Figure 13-5)
The function of this assembly is to control engine air intake and to set the metered fuel
pressure for proper fuel/air ratio. The air throttle is mounted at the air manifold inlet. The
throttle valve controls the flow of air to the engine as positioned by the cockpit throttle
control lever.
Fuel enters the fuel control unit through a strainer and passes to the metering valve. The
rotary metering valve has a cam-shaped edge across the fuel delivery port. The position of
the cam at the port controls fuel flow to the fuel manifold valve and fuel nozzles. The fuel
mixture is controlled by the manual mixture control lever in the cockpit that is connected to
the fuel control unit mixture control valve.
FIGURE 13-5. AIR THROTTLE AND FUEL CONTROL GENERAL DESCRIPTION

I0-550-A, B & C
13-10 APRIL 2001

13-5 Throttle And Fuel Metering Unit IO-550-G, N, P & R (See Figure 13-6)
The function of this assembly is to control engine air intake and to set the metered fuel
pressure for proper fuel/air ratio. The air throttle is mounted at the air manifold inlet. The
throttle valve controls the flow of air to the engine as positioned by the cockpit throttle
control lever.
Fuel enters the fuel metering unit and passes to the metering cam. The rotary metering
cam has a cam-shaped edge that mates with the fuel metering plug. The position of the
cam at the fuel metering plug calibrated orifice controls fuel flow to the fuel manifold valve
and fuel nozzles.
The fuel mixture is controlled by the manual mixture control lever in the cockpit which is
connected to the mixture control valve in the fuel pump.
FIGURE 13-6. THROTTLE AND FUEL METERING UNIT I0-550-G, N, P & R
APRIL 2001 13-11

13-6 Fuel Control Unit IO-550-A, B & C (See Figure 13-7)
The fuel control body is made of bronze. The fuel metering shaft and mixture control shaft
are made of stainless steel. The metering valve is located at one end and the mixture
control valve is located at the other end of the control valve central bore. The valves ride in
bushings and are sealed against leakage by o-rings. Loading springs force the valve ends
against a fixed plug installed in the center of the central bore. This bronze plug has one
passage that mates with the fuel return port and one passage that connects the mixture
control valve chamber with the metering valve chamber. O-rings seal this plug in the
central bore. Each valve includes a groove which forms a fuel chamber. The contoured
end face of the mixture control valve aligns with the passages in the metering plug to
regulate the fuel flow from the fuel chamber. A control lever is installed on the mixture
control valve shaft for connection to the cockpit mixture control. In the metering valve, a
cam shaped cut is made on the outer part of the end face. A control lever on the metering
valve shaft is connected to the air throttle valve shaft with linkage. The fuel return port in
the control body connects to the return passage of the metering plug and alignment of the
mixture control valve face with this passage determines the amount of fuel returned to the
fuel pump. A removable plug at the fuel inlet port includes a filter screen to prevent
admittance of debris.
FIGURE 13-7. FUEL CONTROL UNIT GENERAL DESCRIPTION I0-550-A, B & C
13-12 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 13-8. FUEL METERING UNIT DESCRIPTION I0-550-G, N, P & R
13-7 Fuel Metering Unit IO-550-G, N, P & R (See Figure 13-8)

The throttle body has a machined boss for attachment of the metering unit housing and a
bushed bore for the throttle shaft. The throttle shaft is threaded on one end for attachment
of a lever and has a lever throttle stop. The opposite end has a metering cam. The
metering cam is located flush against a spring loaded metering plug. The metering plug
has a drilled calibrated orifice that provides fuel passage from the fuel inlet to fuel outlet,
depending on the throttle shaft and metering cam position. Fuel flow through the fuel
metering plug calibrated orifice is controlled by the position of the eccentric cam connected
to the throttle shaft and the adjusted position of the fuel metering plug. An idle mixture
adjustment screw is located in the metering valve housing which slightly rotates the fuel
metering plug changing flow clearance between the metering plug fuel passage and
eccentric cam.
FIGURE 13-9. FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE GENERAL DESCRIPTION

13-8 Fuel Manifold Valve (See Figure 13-9)
The fuel manifold valve body contains a fuel inlet, a diaphragm chamber and outlet ports
for fuel lines to the individual nozzles. The spring loaded diaphragm carries a plunger in
the central bore of the manifold body. The diaphragm is enclosed by a vented cover which
APRIL 2001 13-13
retains the diaphragm loading spring. When the plunger is down in the body bore, fuel
passages to the nozzles are closed off. The plunger is drilled for passage of fuel from the
diaphragm chamber to its base and the valve within the plunger. As fuel flow increases
pressure overcomes diaphragm spring tension causing the plunger to move to the open
position and fuel flows from manifold valve outlets through fuel lines to the fuel nozzle
assemblies.
FIGURE 13-10. FUEL NOZZLE GENERAL DESCRIPTION
13-9 Fuel Nozzle (See Figure 13-10)

The fuel discharge nozzle is located in the cylinder head. The nozzle outlet is screwed into
the tapped fuel nozzle hole in the cylinder head. The nozzle body has a drilled central
passage with a counterbore at each end. The lower end is the fuel outlet. The upper bore
contains a removable jet for calibrating the nozzles. Near the top, radial holes connect the
upper counterbore with the outside of the nozzle body for air admission. These holes enter
the counterbore above the orifice and draw outside air through a cylindrical screen fitted
over the nozzle body which keeps dirt and foreign material out of the interior of the nozzle.
A press-fitted shield is mounted on the nozzle body and extends over the greater part of
the filter screen, leaving an opening near the bottom. This provides both mechanical
protection and an air path .
Nozzles are calibrated in several ranges and all nozzles furnished for one engine are of
the same range identified by a letter stamped on the hex of the nozzle body.
13-14 APRIL 2001

13-10 FUEL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Compare recorded findings of operational inspection with the following data:
ENGINE RPM Unmetered or Metered Fuel Flow Fuel Flow

Propeller Pump Pressure Pressure Lbs./Hr. Gal./Hr.
(PSI) (PSI) (APPROX.)
{IO-550-A 600 8.0 - 10.0 3.9 - 4.5

32.0 - 36.0 17.7 - 20.0 142 - 150 24.2 - 25.6
2700
{IO-550-B 600 8.0 - 10.0 3.9 - 4.5
29.2 - 36.2 16.5 -18.4 146 -156 24.9 -26.6
2700
{IO-550-C 600 8.0 - 10.0 3.9 - 4.5
31.6 - 37.8 17.6 -19.6 152 -160 25.9 -27.3
2700
IO-550-G 600 8.0 - 10.0 3.9 - 4.5
22.0 - 26.0 14.7 - 16.0 125 - 130 21.3 - 22.1
2500
IO-550-N,P,R 600 8.0 - 10.0 3.9 -4.5
2700 28.0 - 32.0 19.0 -21.3 150 -160 25.6 -27.3
NOTE…Unmetered or pump pressure values and metered or nozzle pressure values are taken using
a gauge vented to atmosphere. All readings are predicated on properly calibrated gauges.
{ Flight test required for engines with altitude compensating fuel pump to verify fuel flow vs. pressure
altitude values are within the limits specified. See the Altitude Leaning Charts in chapter 22.
If the fuel injection system is found to be in good physical condition and operational inspection
readings conform with the specified flows and pressures, the engine fuel system can be approved
for return to service.
If the fuel system is not functioning properly, see troubleshooting in chapter 5 to determine the
cause and procedure for correcting it.
THROTTLE, FUEL CONTROL UNIT AND MIXTURE LEVERS

To insure proper operation and to prevent accelerated wear of I0-550-A, B & C model engines, the
fuel control to throttle linkage must be inspected for excessive play which can cause lost motion
and breakage of parts due to vibration. Inspect the pivot points of levers and linkages on all I0-550
engine models for debris, old grease and oil. Clean pivot point areas thoroughly using clean
stoddard solvent. After cleaning, dry each area using compressed air.
APRIL 2001 13-15

WARNING
Whenever fuel control to throttle linkage, attaching hardware, levers or lever
bushings have been replaced or reassembled, the fuel system must be checked
and adjusted in accordance with the "Fuel System Adjustment" chapter and tested
in accordance with chapter 22, "Post Maintenance Operational Test". This test is
MANDATORY.
NOTE…Linkage connection between the throttle and fuel control unit are the same on the various
I0-550-A, B & C engine models; however, the throttle bodies, throttle levers and fuel control unit
levers used on the different engine models are physically different.
Worn or corroded linkage, attaching hardware, levers or lever bushings must be replaced in
accordance with the IO-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A After cleaning,
inspection and repair has been accomplished, as required, each pivot point must be lubricated
using LPS 2, Permatex "Maintain®" Lubricant. If levers, link rods or bushings have been replaced
or reassembled, initial lubrication must be accomplished using Shell #5 grease or Lubriplate
#630AA or equivalent. Lubrication of levers, link rods or bushings must be performed in
accordance with Figures 13-11, 13-12.
Consult the airframe manufacturer and/or their most current published instructions concerning
aircraft engine control cable attach point inspection, cleaning, repair, installation and lubrication.
After the above procedures have been accomplished verify that each control has full limit of travel,
the required safeties are in place, that no binding of levers or linkages is occurring and that control
movement is unrestricted by contact with other parts or components that are located in close
proximity.
WARNING
Whenever the fuel pump, fuel control unit, fuel manifold valve or fuel injection
nozzles are removed and replaced, the fuel system must be checked and adjusted
in accordance with the "Fuel System Adjustment" chapter and tested in
accordance with chapter 22, "Post Maintenance Operational Test" of this manual.
13-16 APRIL 1998

FIGURE 13-11. THROTTLE AND FUEL CONTROL UNIT LUBRICATION I0-550-A, B & C
FIGURE 13-12. THROTTLE AND MIXTURE CONTROL LUBRICATION I0-550-G,N,P & R
APRIL 2001 13-17

Fuel Manifold Valve Replacement
The fuel manifold valve can be replaced with a new valve, or it can be repaired and calibrated in
accordance with the applicable instructions in the Fuel Injection System Parts And Overhaul
Manual, Form X30593A, latest revision.
Use the following procedure to remove and replace the fuel manifold valve:
1. In accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, remove cowling and any airframe
accessories that may obstruct access to the manifold valve.
2. Disconnect the 6 fuel lines from the fuel manifold valve.
3. Disconnect the fuel hose from the elbow on the manifold valve.
4. Remove the fuel pressure sensing line from its fitting.
5. Install protective covers on all open lines and hoses.
6. Remove crankcase backbone hardware at manifold bracket.
7. Remove the fuel manifold valve and mounting bracket from engine.
CAUTION...Never use Teflon tape on fuel injection system fittings.

8. Fittings from the original manifold valve may be installed and oriented to the same position
in the replacement manifold valve. The fittings must be clean and free of damage and debris
prior to installation. Apply F/I sealant to tapered male threads in accordance with Figure 13-
14. Install fittings in fuel manifold valve and orient to the original positions. Torque fittings in
accordance with Table 2, “Torque Specifications For Hose Fittings.”
9. If replacement manifold valve does not include a mounting bracket, remove the existing
bracket from the old manifold valve as follows:
10. Cut, remove and discard lockwire.
11. Remove 4 screws and 4 lock washers. Discard lock washers.
12. Remove bracket and 4 plain washers from old manifold valve.
13. Manifold valve bracket and hardware must be cleaned with mineral spirits solvent and dried.
Inspect all screw threads to insure that none are damaged.
14. Orient manifold valve bracket on new manifold valve using 4 plain washers and secure with
4 new lock washers and 4 screws.
15. Torque screws to 20 ±1 inch pounds and lockwire in accordance with “Typical Lockwire
Procedure” in chapter 6.
WARNING
While installing the bracket, do not displace or tear manifold valve diaphragm.
16. Position manifold and bracket assembly over crankcase backbone mounting holes. Install
manifold/bracket assembly to backbone with 2 screws, washers, and nuts. Torque to 180-
220 inch pounds .
13-18 APRIL 2001

17. Remove all protective covers from fuel lines and hoses, and reinstall fuel lines to the
manifold valve. Insure that B-nut threads are clean and free of damage.
18. Torque fuel line to nozzle nuts to 40 - 45 inch pounds. Torque fuel line to manifold valve
nuts to 55 - 60 inch pounds.
19. Torque fuel inlet hose “B” nut and fuel pressure sensing line “B” nut to manifold valve
elbows in accordance with Table 2, “Torque Specifications For Hose Fittings.”
20. Reinstall removed airframe components in accordance with airframe manufacturer’s
instructions.
21. After all requirements of scheduled maintenance have been performed and prior to any
engine operation, a complete fuel system leak check must be performed in accordance with
the aircraft manufacturer or STC holder’s information.
Fuel Nozzle Removal, Cleaning and Replacement

1. Remove cowling and any airframe accessories that may obstruct access to the fuel nozzles
in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s instructions
2. Loosen and remove the fuel line from the fuel injector nozzle assembly.
3. Loosen and remove the fuel nozzle.
4. Clean nozzle by soaking in lacquer thinner, methyl ethyl keytone or acetone for several
hours.
5. If a nozzle is obstructed and cannot be cleaned by solvent action, it must be replaced with a
new nozzle.
CAUTION...Do not attempt to clear nozzle obstruction with wire.

6. Apply TCM 646943 antiseize lubricant to cylinder end of nozzle threads in accordance with
Figure 13-14B. Reinstall the nozzle and torque to 55 - 65 inch pounds.
7. Install fuel line on nozzle.
8. Torque the fuel line “B” nut to 40 - 45 inch pounds.
9. Reinstall all airframe supplied accessories and cowling in accordance with the airframe
manufacturer’s instructions.
APRIL 2001 13-19

Fuel Pump Replacement
The fuel pump can be replaced or it can be repaired and calibrated in accordance with the
applicable instructions in the Fuel Injection System Parts And Overhaul Manual, Form X30593A,
latest revision.
NOTE...Appropriate test calibration equipment must be used when overhauling TCM fuel
injection system component.
Whenever the fuel pump is removed from the engine, both the fuel pump drive coupling to
crankshaft gear clearance of 0.0095L to 0.0155L and the fuel pump drive coupling to fuel pump
clearance 0.0030L to 0.0090L must be checked.
CAUTION...When performing dimensional inspections, the following Fits and Limits may be
used. However, they are intended only as a guide, when performing engine maintenance prior
to major overhaul, in determining whether a part can be reused. Parts which have dimensions or
fits that exceed service limits must not be reused. Parts which have dimensions or fits up to and
including service limits may be reused. However, use sound judgment and take into
consideration the engine’s proximity to recommended overhaul.
SERVICE LIMITS
REF. DESCRIPTION SERVICE
LIMIT
1. Fuel pump drive coupling to crankshaft gear ................................ clearance: 0.0155L
2. Fuel pump drive coupling to fuel pump ........................................ clearance: 0.0090L
FIGURE 13-13. PUMP SERVICE LIMITS
13-20 APRIL 1998

Fuel Pump Replacement (continued)
1. Remove any airframe components required to gain access to the fuel pump in accordance
with the airframe manufacturer’s instructions. Remove the following hoses from their fittings
on the fuel pump and install protective covers on the hose ends. Identify fuel line location for
proper reinstallation:
a. Airframe to engine fuel connections in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s
instructions.
b. Vapor return hose
c. Fuel outlet (unmetered pressure) hose.
2. Remove mixture control cable connection in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s
instructions.
3. Remove the nuts and washers that hold the fuel pump on the crankcase:
a. 2 plain nuts
b. 2 lock washers
c. 2 hold down washers
Discard lock washers.
CAUTION...Do not allow the coupling to fall into the crankcase. If it does, you must retrieve it
before proceeding.
4. Carefully remove the fuel pump, coupling, and gasket.
5. Discard gasket.
6. Inspect hoses for condition. Replace any hose that exhibits wear or deterioration.
7. Discard worn or damaged parts.
8. The fuel pump can be replaced or repaired and calibrated in accordance with the applicable
instructions in the Fuel Injection System Parts And Overhaul Manual, Form X30593A, latest
revision.
9. Fittings from the original fuel pump may be installed and oriented to the same position in
the replacement pump.
10. The fittings must be clean and free of damage and debris prior to installation. Apply F/I
sealant to tapered male threads in accordance with Figure 13-14A. Install fittings in fuel
pump and orient to the original positions.
11. Apply a small amount of Gasket Maker to the crankcase split lines above and below the fuel
pump bore.
12. Apply Molyshield Grease to the coupling receptacle on the fuel pump.
13. Insert the fuel pump coupling into the coupling receptacle on the fuel pump. Insure that the
coupling is fully seated .
APRIL 2001 13-21

14. Install the new gasket on the crankcase fuel pump bore studs.
15. Install the fuel pump on the crankcase by sliding the fuel pump on the fuel pump mounting
studs while carefully guiding the fuel pump coupling into the square hole in the crankshaft
gear.
16. Install hold-down washers, new lock-washers, and nuts on each stud.
17. Torque the fuel pump nuts to 180 - 220 inch pounds.
18. Flush the fuel supply hose into an appropriate container prior to reconnecting.
19. Install fuel hoses on fuel pump. Torque fuel pump hose connections in accordance with
Table 2, “Torque Specifications for Hose Fittings.”
20. Reinstall cowling and airframe accessories in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s
instructions.
Throttle and Fuel Control Unit/Throttle and Fuel Metering Unit Replacement
1. I0-550-A throttle and fuel control units must be replaced in accordance with the airframe
2. On I0-550-B, C, G, P & R model engines, remove any airframe components required to gain
access to the throttle and fuel control unit/throttle and fuel metering unit in accordance with
the airframe manufacturer’s instructions. Remove the following hoses from their fittings.
a. Fuel hose from fuel control unit/fuel metering unit to manifold valve.
b. Fuel hose(s) from fuel pump to fuel control unit/fuel metering unit.
3. Install protective covers on all loose hose ends.
4. On I0-550-B model engines, remove the throttle to induction manifold clamp and hose.
Remove two bolts and washers and remove throttle and fuel control as a unit. On I0-550-C
model engines, remove the throttle to induction elbow clamps and hoses. Loosen and
remove upper throttle support brackets and hardware in accordance with the airframe
manufacturer’s instructions. Remove nut from lower throttle body support bracket and
remove throttle and fuel control as a unit. On I0-550-G, N, P and R model engines remove
four bolts, two washers, two lock washers and separate throttle from intake manifold.
Remove and discard throttle gasket and discard lock washers.
5. Inspect hoses for condition. Replace any hose that exhibits wear, damage, or deterioration.
6. Remove and inspect all fittings for cleanliness and damaged threads. Replace fittings that
are damaged.
7. TCM offers rebuilt fuel injection system components as an alternative to field repair of
components. The throttle and fuel metering unit can be repaired and calibrated in
accordance with the applicable instructions in the Fuel Injection System Parts And Overhaul
Manual, Form X30593, latest revision.
13-22 APRIL 2001

8. Fittings from the original fuel control unit/fuel metering unit may be installed and oriented to
the same positions in the new or replacement fuel assembly. The fittings must be clean and
free of damage and debris prior to installation. Apply F/I sealant to tapered male threads in
accordance with Figure 13-14. Install fittings and orient to the original positions. Torque
fittings in accordance with Table 2, “Torque Specifications For Hose Fittings.”
9. Install I0-550-A model engine throttle and control assembly in accordance with the airframe
10. On I0-550-B and C model engines, using serviceable hoses and clamp assemblies, install
the throttle and fuel control unit/throttle and metering unit on the intake manifold. Tighten
hose clamps sufficiently to insure complete engagement and security of hose. Do not over
tighten clamps to the point of cold flow.
11. On I0-550-B engines, install serviceable throttle and control unit on oil sump and secure with
two washers and bolts. Torque bolts to 155-175 inch pounds. Install lock wire on bolts in
accordance with chapter 9.
12. On I0-550-C model engines, align throttle stud with lower support bracket and install nut.
Torque nut to 90-110 inch pounds. Install upper throttle support brackets and hardware in
accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s instructions.
13. On I0-550-G, N, P and R model engines, using a new gasket, install serviceable throttle and
fuel metering unit on the intake manifold. Secure using four washers, four new lock washers
and four bolts. Torque bolts to 75-85 inch pounds.
CAUTION...Torque all hose connections and fittings in accordance with Table 2, “Torque
Specifications For Hose Fittings” later in this chapter.
14. Install the following hoses:
a. Remove protective cover and install fuel hose from throttle and fuel control unit/throttle
and fuel metering unit to manifold valve.
b. Remove protective cover and install fuel hose(s) from fuel pump to throttle and metering
unit.
15. Reinstall cowling and airframe accessories in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s
instructions.
the aircraft manufacturer or STC holder’s information .
APRIL 1998 13-23

Fuel Line Replacement
Use the following procedure to remove and replace an existing manifold valve to nozzle fuel
line:
1. Separate fuel line from fuel line support bracket and clamp.
2. Disconnect the fuel line at the manifold valve.
3. Disconnect the fuel line at the fuel nozzle and remove fuel line.
4. Position a new or existing serviceable fuel line on the engine and connect it to the fuel
manifold valve. Torque to 55 - 60 inch pounds.
5. Install the fuel line on the fuel nozzle. Torque B-nut to 40 - 45 inch pounds.
6. Install the fuel line into the fuel line support bracket and clamp.
7. If the rubber fuel line protector is damaged, replace it with a new protector.
Fuel Hose Replacement

If a fuel hose is damaged, worn, chaffed, or deteriorated, replace it in accordance with the following
procedure:
1. Remove any airframe supplied support hardware from fuel hose in accordance with the airframe
manufacturer’s instructions. Remove fuel hose from its elbows. Drain fuel into a suitable
container.
2. Inspect elbow threads for damage. Remove and replace elbow in accordance with the
preceding component fitting installation instructions if damaged or worn.
3. Install new, clean fuel hose on elbows. The fuel hose must be routed in it’s original position
away from any heat source and any airframe support hardware that was removed must be
reinstalled in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s instructions.
4. Torque hose fittings in accordance with Table 2, “Torque Specifications For Hose Fittings
5. After all requirements of scheduled maintenance have been performed and prior to any engine
operation, a complete fuel system leak check must be performed in accordance with the aircraft
manufacturer or STC holder’s information.
13-24 APRIL 1998

FIGURE 13-14A. GENERAL F/I SEALANT APPLICATION
FIGURE 13-14B. GENERAL FUEL NOZZLE ANTI-SEIZE APPLICATION
APRIL 2001 13-25

TABLE 1. TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS FOR FITTINGS
SIZE FITTING AND MATERIAL TUBE O.D. INCH POUNDS
5/16-24 #2 (Brass/Aluminum) .125 15-30
5/16-24 #2 (Steel) .125 15-50
3/8-24 #3 (Brass/Aluminum) .188 40-65
3/8-24 #3 (Steel) .188 50-90
7/16-20 #4 (Brass/Aluminum) .250 60-80
7/16-20 (Steel) .250 70-120
7/16-24 #4 (Steel) .190 60-80
9/16-18 #6 (Brass/Aluminum) .375 75-125
9/16-18 #6 (Steel) .375 90-150
3/4-16 #8 (Brass/Aluminum) .500 150-250
3/4-16 #8 (Steel) .500 135-250
7/8-14 #10 (Brass/Aluminum) .625 200-350
7/8-14 #10 (Steel) .625 300-400
TABLE 2. TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS FOR HOSE FITTINGS
HOSE SIZE THREAD SIZE FITTING MATERIAL INCH POUNDS
#2 (5/16-24) Hose End Fitting To Brass/Allum. Fitting 50-80

Hose End Fitting To Steel Fitting 75-120





# 10 (7/8-14) Hose End Fitting To Brass/Allum. Fitting 360-430

# 12 (1-1/16-12) Hose End Fitting To Brass/Allum. Fitting 460-550

13-26 APRIL 2001

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
13-27
CHAPTER 14
INDUCTION SYSTEM
SECTION PAGE
14-2 Induction System Description I0-550-A, B & C ............ 14-2
14-3 Induction System Description I0-550-G, N, P & R ....... 14-3
14-3 Induction System Maintenance .................................... 14-4
14-4 Induction System Maintenance .................................... 14-5
FIGURE PAGE
14-1 General Induction System Schematic
I0-550-A, B & C.......................................................... 14-2
14-2 General Induction System Schematic
I0-550-G, N, P & R..................................................... 14-3
14-3 General Air Throttle Assembly Description
I0-550-A, B & C.......................................................... 14-4
APRIL 2001 14-1

14-1 INDUCTION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION I0-550-A, B & C
Engine components through which air flows following the aircraft air inlet filter/alternate air door
are: throttle assembly, manifold, induction tubes and cylinder intake ports. Air flows through
these components in the order they are listed.
Refer to the aircraft manufacturer's Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for alternate air door
operations.
The intake manifold is an air distribution system mounted below the engine cylinders. It serves
to carry induction air to the individual cylinder intake ports.
The cylinder intake ports are cast into the cylinder head assembly. Air from the manifold is
carried into the intake ports, mixed with fuel from the injector nozzles where it enters the
cylinder as a combustible mixture when the intake valve opens.
FIGURE 14-1. GENERAL INDUCTION SYSTEM SCHEMATIC I0-550-A, B & C
14-2 APRIL 2001

14-2 INDUCTION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION I0-550-G, N, P & R
Engine components through which air flows following the aircraft air inlet filter/alternate air door
are: throttle assembly, manifold, induction tubes and cylinder intake ports. Air flows through
these components in the order they are listed.
Refer to the aircraft manufacturer's Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for alternate air door
operations.
The intake manifold is an air distribution system mounted above the engine cylinders. It serves
to carry induction air to the individual cylinder intake ports.
The cylinder intake ports are cast into the cylinder head assembly. Air from the manifold is
carried into the intake ports, mixed with fuel from the injector nozzles where it enters the
cylinder as a combustible mixture when the intake valve opens.
TOP VIEW OF ENGINE THROTTLE

WITH INDUCTION BUTTERFLY
MANIFOLD INSTALLED
AIRCRAFT
THROTTLE AND INLET AIR IN
METERING UNIT CLAMPS AND
HOSES
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
#1
AIRFLOW
FIGURE 14-2. GENERAL INDUCTION SYSTEM SCHEMATIC I0-550-G, N, P & R

APRIL 2001 14-3
14-3 INDUCTION SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Air Throttle Assembly I0-550-A, B & C - The air throttle assembly is an aluminum casting that
contains the shaft and throttle valve assembly. The throttle bore area is tailored to the engine
size. No venturi or other restriction is used. The shaft bosses contain bushings in which the
shaft rides. Wave washers provide protection against vibration. An idle speed adjusting screw
is provided in one of the throttle valve shaft levers and bears against a stop pin installed in the
throttle body.
NOTE…See chapter 13 for a detail description of the I0-550-G, N, P & R throttle and metering
unit.
STOP PIN
LEVER
THROTTLE BUSHING
PLAIN THROTTLE PLATE
WASHER
WAVE
WASHER COLLAR
PLAIN
WASHER THROTTLE
SHAFT
FIGURE 14-3. GENERAL AIR THROTTLE ASSEMBLY DESCRIPTION I0-550-A, B & C

14-4 APRIL 2001
14-4 INDUCTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Induction System - Induction system maintenance is limited to removal and replacement of
malfunctioning components and tightening loose connections in accordance with the applicable
portions of the IO-550 Permold Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A Induction System
disassembly and reassembly procedures.
Lubrication - Throttle linkage, levers, and bushings must be cleaned, inspected and lubricated
in accordance with the instructions in chapter 13, "Throttle, Fuel Control Unit And Mixture
Levers. "
APRIL 1998 14-5

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
14-6
CHAPTER 15
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
SECTION PAGE
15-1 Air Conditioning System Description .........................15-2
15-2 Air Conditioning System Component.........................15-2
15-3 Detail Description .......................................................15-2
15-4 Maintenance...............................................................15-3
FIGURE PAGE
15-1 Optional Freon Compressor Drive .............................15-2
15-2 Checking Sheave Alignment......................................15-3
15-3 Sheave Alignment ......................................................15-4
15-4 Belt Tensioning ..........................................................15-5
APRIL 1998 15-1

15-1 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Teledyne Continental Motors supplies an optional compressor mounting bracket for the
addition of a customer supplied belt driven compressor and air conditioning system. For a
description of the complete air conditioning system refer to the airframe manufacturer's
information.
15-2 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAIL DESCRIPTION

Compressor Mounting Kit - The compressor mounting bracket assembly is bolted to the
1-3-5 side rear crankcase half with one crankcase through bolt, two plain bolts and two
lock washers. The bracket utilizes an adjustable block and idler sheave for tensioning the
compressor belt.
FIGURE 15-1. OPTIONAL COMPRESSOR DRIVE
15-2
15-3 MAINTENANCE
Remove and replace worn or malfunctioning components in accordance with applicable
portions of disassembly, reassembly in the IO-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual,
Form X30568A, Chapter 11 and the following:
Premature belt replacement can usually be attributed to improper alignment of the
sheaves, bent sheaves and/or improper belt tensioning. Use the following instructions to
correct this problem.
The alignment of compressor, starter adapter and idler sheaves must be checked using
Borroughs Tool Number 8082 alignment tool. Check tool flatness (calibration) by laying it
on a surface table. Place the alignment tool around the drive sheave with the extended
end overlaying the upper portion of the compressor sheave. When the alignment is correct
the alignment tool extended end (bar center) will fall within 0.020 inch of the center of the
sheave. Use this same procedure to check the idler sheave, except the extended end of
alignment tool will overlay the lower portion of the compressor sheave. See Figure 15-2,
"Checking Sheave Alignment." Repeat each step with drive sheave rotated approximately
90° to insure drive sheave is not warped.
If drive sheave or idler are not in alignment, remove sheaves and install up to but do not
exceed five 0.020 shims [P/N 643956-20] to achieve the correct alignment. See Figure
15-3, "Sheave Alignment." When idler sheave is properly adjusted torque sheave screw to
300-350 inch pounds torque. When drive sheave is properly adjusted, torque sheave
12-point, self- locking nut to 450-500 inch pounds. Nuts must be lubricated with clean
aviation engine oil. All threads of sheave nut must be engaged.
FIGURE 15-2. CHECKING SHEAVE ALIGNMENT
APRIL 1998 15-3

CAUTION…Prevent engine from turning when torquing nut.
See Figure 15-4, "Belt Tensioning," on next page. Loosen the jam nut, adjusting bolt and
slide nut. The slide nut should be loosened only enough to allow the slide to move freely
and the adjusting bolt should be turned out far enough to allow installation of the belt.
FIGURE 15-3. SHEAVE ALIGNMENT
Install the drive belt. Slide the idler pulley snugly against the belt and tighten the adjusting
bolt finger tight into its socket. In this position the idler sheave should be rotatable by hand
under the belt. Tighten the adjusting bolt two full turns. Torque the adjusting bolt jam nut to
275-375 inch pounds torque. Torque the idler sheave screw to 300-350 inch pounds.
Confirm belt tension is 50-70 pounds by one of the following methods:
1. Use a direct reading belt tension gage such as Borroughs Tool Number
BT-33-73F.
2. Measure belt deflection under a five pound load at the center of the longest belt
span. Correct deflection is 0.30- 0.40 inch.
If belt tension is not within the above tolerance, loosen jam nut and slidenut, readjust belt
tension. One full turn of adjusting screw will give approximately ten pounds change in belt
tension.
CAUTION…Do not over tighten drive belt.
After approximately five hours of operation, recheck belt tension and adjust as required to
maintain 50-70 pounds belt tension.
15-4 APRIL 1998

FIGURE 15-4. BELT TENSIONING
15-5
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
15-6
CHAPTER 16
ELECTRICAL CHARGING SYSTEM
SECTION PAGE
16-1 Electrical Charging System Description ...............................16-2
16-2 Electrical Charging System Component
Detailed Description .............................................................16-3
16-3 Electrical Charging System Maintenance.............................16-3
FIGURE PAGE
16-1 General Alternator Location..................................................16-2
APRIL 1998 16-1

16-1 ELECTRICAL CHARGING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The IO-550-A, B, C, G, N, P & R model engines have a direct drive alternator mounted on
the right front crankcase half. The alternator generates electrical current for powering the
aircraft electrical system and for recharging aircraft batteries.
For a description of the aircraft electrical and charging system, refer to the airframe
manufacturer’s documentation.
For alternator location on the engine, refer to Figure 16-1, “Alternator Location.”
ALTERNATOR
FOWARD
FIGURE 16-1. GENERAL ALTERNATOR LOCATION

16-2 APRIL 2001
16-2 ELECTRICAL CHARGING SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION
For detailed information about TCM alternators, refer to “Alternator Service Instructions,”
Form X30531-3.
16-3 ELECTRICAL CHARGING SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

For maintenance or repair of TCM alternators, refer to TCM Form X30531-3, “Alternator
Service Instructions.” The alternators may be removed for repair or replacement in
accordance with the following removal and replacement instructions.
CAUTION...When an alternator is removed that has a grounding strap, the strap must be
reinstalled with the new or rebuilt alternator.
Direct Drive Alternator

Removal and Replacement
Removal
1. Disconnect electrical connections from alternator in accordance with airframe
2. Remove plain washer, lock washer, and nut from the four mounting studs.
3. Discard lockwashers.
4. Remove the alternator from the mounting studs.
5. Remove gasket from mounting studs
Alternator Drive Hub

Slippage Inspection
Whenever the alternator is removed, perform the following drive gear hub slippage
inspection.
1. The torque required to slip the elastomer coupling when new must be 180 inch pounds
(15 foot pounds) torque minimum measured after 45° of revolution at a rate of 1 to 2
degrees per second.
2. Slippage must occur at the outside diameter of elastomer with no damage to the
elastomer.
3. On couplings which have been in service for more than 25 hours, slippage torque must
not be less than 140 inch pounds (11.7 foot pounds) torque.
4. Drive hubs that do not conform with the above specifications must be discarded.
APRIL 1998 16-3

Repair/Replacement
1. Alternator repair/replacement must be performed in accordance with TCM Alternator
Maintenance and Parts Catalog, Form X30531A.
Installation
1. Install new gasket on new or rebuilt alternator.
2. Install alternator assembly on mounting studs with four plain washers, four new lock
washers, and four plain nuts.
3. Torque nuts to 180 - 220 inch pounds.
4. Install all electrical connections in accordance with airframe manufacturer’s instructions.
16-4 APRIL 1998

CHAPTER 17
STARTING SYSTEM
SECTION PAGE
17-1 Starter And Starter Adapter Description ....................... 17-2
17-2 Starting System Component Detail Description ........... 17-3
17-3 Starting System Maintenance....................................... 17-4
FIGURE PAGE
17-1 Starter And Starter Drive Adapter Description.............. 17-2
17-2 Starter Adapter Description .......................................... 17-3
17-3 Starter Adapter Fits And Limits..................................... 17-5
17-4 Customer Spec. Starter Adapter Fits and Limits .......... 17-7
17-5 Shaftgear Drum Dimensions ........................................ 17-8
17-6 Worm Wheel Drum Dimensions ................................... 17-8
APRIL 1998 17-1

17-1 STARTER AND STARTER ADAPTER DESCRIPTION
The I0-550 Permold Series engines utilize a starting system that employs an electric starter
motor mounted on a right angle starter to engine adapter. The right angle drive adapter
serves to shorten engine overall length. As the starter motor is electrically energized, the
adapter worm shaft and gear engage the starter shaftgear by means of a spring and clutch
assembly. As the shaftgear rotates, it in turn rotates the crankshaft gear and crankshaft.
When the engine starts and accelerates, the gripping action of the clutch spring is relieved,
disengaging the shaftgear from the worm shaft and electric starter motor.
FIGURE 17-1. STARTER AND STARTER ADAPTER DESCRIPTION
17-2 APRIL 1998

17-2 STARTING SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAIL DESCRIPTION
Starter - For a detailed description of TCM electric starter motors See TCM Form X30592,
Starter Service Instructions
Starter Adapter - The starter adapter assembly uses a worm drive gear shaft and worm gear
to transfer torque from the starter motor to the clutch assembly. The shaft is supported in the
housing at the starter end by a ball bearing and retaining ring, the opposite end is supported
by a needle bearing pressed into the adapter housing. As the worm gear rotates the worm
wheel and clutch spring, the clutch spring is tightened around the drum of the starter
shaftgear. As the shaftgear turns, its torque is transmitted directly to the crankshaft gear. The
starter shaftgear is supported at the adapter cover by a pressed in ball bearing, and is
supported at the opposite end by a needle bearing pressed into the 1-3-5 crankcase half.
FIGURE 17-2. STARTER ADAPTER DESCRIPTION
APRIL 1998 17-3

17-3 STARTING SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
The starter motor may be removed for repair or maintenance in accordance with applicable
portions of starter and starter adapter disassembly/ reassembly instructions in the I0-550
Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
Disassembly, maintenance and reassembly of the starter motor must be performed in
accordance with the Starter Service Instructions, Form X30592.
When performing starter adapter repairs prior to engine TBO the following dimensional limits
may be used.
CAUTION...When performing dimensional inspection the following "Service Limits" may be

used. However, they are only intended as a guide for re-use when performing maintenance
of the engine prior to major overhaul. Parts with dimensions or fits that exceed service limits
must not be re-used. Parts with values up to and including service limits may be re-used,
however, judgment should be exercised considering the PROXIMITY of the engine to its
recommended overhaul time.
SERVICE LIMITS
SERVICE
REF. DESCRIPTION
LIMIT
1. Starter shaftgear needle bearinq hole crankcase ....................... Diameter: 1.0005
2. Starter shaft gear front (bearinq) journal ..................................... Diameter: 0.7480
3. Starter shaftgear in clutch drum bearinq ..................................... Diameter: 1.0000L
4. Clutch spring sleeve in starter adapter........................................ Diameter: 0.0050T
5. Starter shaft gear in ball bearing ................................................. Diameter: 0.0005L
6. Bearing in starter adapter cover.................................................. Diameter: 0.0010L
7. Worm wheel gear .............................................................. End Clearance: 0.0250
8. Worm wheel drum ...................................................................... Diameter: See Figure
17-6
9. Starter Shaft gear drum............................................................... Diameter: See Figure
17-5
10. Clutch spring in clutch sprinq sleeve ......................................... Diameter: 0.0030T
11. From center line of worm gearshaft to starter adapter thrust pads ............ : 0.2520
12. Needle bearing hole starter adapter ........................................... Diameter: 0.7495
13. Ball bearing in starter adapter ..................................................... Diameter: 0.0010L
14. Worm gearshaft in needle bearing area...................................... Diameter: 0.5600
15. Worm gearshaft in ball bearing ................................................... Diameter: 0.0007L
16. Starter worm gear on shaft.......................................................... Diameter: 0.0040L
17. Starter spring on worm drive shaft .............................................. Diameter: 0.0250L
18. Starter pilot to starter drive adapter............................................. Diameter: 0.0070L
19. Starter drive tongue to worm shaft drive slot..................... Side Clearance: 0.0340L
20. Starter worm wheel gear and worm gear ................................... Backlash: 0.0200
21. Starter adapter Cover Pilot In Adapter Housing ......................... Diameter: 0.0040L
T=Tight L=Loose
When sand blasted diameter finish is smoother than 75 RMS, replace sleeve.
17-4 APRIL 2001

FIGURE17-3. STARTER ADAPTER FITS AND LIMITS
APRIL 1998 17-5

SERVICE LIMITS
SERVICE
REF. DESCRIPTION
LIMIT
1. Starter shaftgear needle bearing hole crankcase ............ Diameter: 1.0005
2. Starter shaftgear front (bearing) journal........................... Diameter: 0 7480
3. Starter shaftgear in clutch drum bearing area ................. Diameter: 1.0000
4. Clutch spring sleeve in starter adapter ............................ Diameter: 0.0050T
5. Starter shaftgear in ball bearing ..................................... Diameter: 0.0007L
6. Bearing in starter adapter cover ..................................... Diameter: 0.0010L
7. Worm wheel gear ................................................... End Clearance: 0.0250
8. Worm wheel drum ........................................................... Diameter: See Figure
17-6
9. Starter Shaftgear Drum.................................................... Diameter: See Figure
17-5
10. Clutch spring in clutch spring sleeve .............................. Diameter: 0.0030T
11. From center line of worm gearshaft to starter adapter thrust pads.: 0.2520
12. Needle bearing hole starter adapter ............................... Diameter: 0.7495
13. Ball bearing in starter adapter ........................................ Diameter: 0.0010L
14. Worm gearshaft in needle bearing area ......................... Diameter: 0.5600
15. Worm gearshaft in ball bearing........................................ Diameter: 0.0007L
16. Starter worm gear on shaft ............................................. Diameter: 0.0040L
17. Starter spring on worm drive shaft .................................. Diameter: 0.0250L
18. Starter pilot to starter drive adapter ................................ Diameter: 0.0070L
19. Starter drive tongue to worm shaft drive slot ........Side Clearance: 0.0340L
20. Scavenge pump driver gear on starter gear shaft .......... Diameter: 0.0030L
21. Scavenge pump driver gear in body ...................... End Clearance: 0.0060L
22. Scavenge pump driver gear in body ............................... Diameter: 0.0160L
23. Starter gearshaft in scavenge pump body ...................... Diameter: 0.0040L
24. Ball bearinq in scavenge pump body .............................. Diameter: 0.0011L
25. Starter worm wheel gear and worm gear......................... Backlash: 0.0200
T=Tight L=Loose
When sand blasted diameter finish is smoother than 75 RMS, replace sleeve.
17-6 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 17-4. CUSTOMER SPEC. STARTER ADAPTER FITS & LIMITS
APRIL 1998 17-7

FIGURE 17-5. SHAFTGEAR DRUM DIMENSIONS
DESCRIPTION “A” DIAMETER

MIN. MAX.
New Shaftgear Drum 1.931 1.932
0.015 Undersize 1.916 1.917
FIGURE 17-6. WORM WHEEL DRUM DIMENSIONS

DESCRIPTION “A” DIAMETER “B” DIAMETER
MIN. MAX. MIN. MAX.
New Wormwheel Drum 1.931 1.932 1.955 1.960
0.015 Undersize 1.916 1.917 1.940 1.945
17-8 APRIL 1998

Starter Motor Replacement
Removal
1. Disconnect electrical cable from starter motor in accordance with airframe manufacturer’s
instructions.
2. Remove the two nuts and plain washers from the starter motor mounting studs.
3. Carefully remove the starter motor assembly without damaging mounting stud threads.
4. Remove and discard O-ring.
Starter motor repair/replacement must be performed in accordance with TCM Starter Service
Instructions, Form No. X30592.
Installation
1. Lubricate new o-ring with clean 50 wt. aviation engine oil and install on starter pilot.
2. Install starter motor on mounting studs and insure that drive lug aligns with slot. Secure starter
motor with two plain washers and 2 nuts.
3. Torque nuts to 200 - 220 inch pounds.
4. Reconnect electrical cable in accordance with airframe manufacturer’s instructions.
Starter Adapter Replacement
Removal
1. Remove starter motor in accordance with “Starter Motor Removal And Replacement.”
2. Remove four sets of attaching parts (two on outside of crankcase between cylinder No. 1 and
starter, and two on cover assembly.) remove starter adapter assembly from crankcase. Discard
lock washers.
The starter adapter must be repaired in accordance with the I0-550-Permold Series Overhaul
Manual, Form X30568A.
Replacement
To install a new, rebuilt or serviceable starter adapter:
1. Apply a thin coat of TCM Gasket Maker 646942 to the starter adapter gasket crankcase mating
surface only.
2. Apply TCM gasket maker to silk thread and split line of crankcase at oil pump bore. Place silk
thread ends into split line of oil pump bore.
3. Install new gasket on crankcase.
CAUTION…Sealant must be applied sparingly to prevent contamination of the engine oil system.
4. Lubricate teeth on starter shaftgear with clean 50 weight aviation engine oil and mesh with
crankshaft gear as starter adapter is placed in position. Seat adapter against gasket. Secure
adapter assembly to crankcase with washers, new lock washers and nuts. Torque 5/16-24 nuts to
180-220 inch pounds. Torque 3/8 16 nuts to 200-220 inch pounds.
5. Install starter motor in accordance with “Starter Motor Removal And Replacement.”
APRIL 2001 17-9

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
17-10
CHAPTER 18
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
SECTION PAGE
18-1 Lubrication System Description ............................. 18-2
18-2 Lubrication System Component
Detailed Description ............................................... 18-4
18-3 Lubrication System Maintenance .......................... 18-10
FIGURE PAGE
18-1 Lubrication System Schematic .............................. 18-3
18-2 Oil Pump Description ............................................. 18-5
18-3 Oil Cooler And Oil Temperature Control
Valve Description.................................................... 18-7
18-4A Oil Sump And Suction Tube Description ................ 18-8
18-4B IO-550 Permold Oil Sumps..................................... 18-9
18-5 Stud Identification ................................................... 18-10
18-6 Oil Filter Stud Inspection ........................................ 18-11
18-7 Lubrication System Service Limits.......................... 18-14
APRIL 2001 18-1

18-1 LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The engine oil supply is contained in the oil sump. The oil is drawn from the sump through
the oil suction tube to the intake side of the engine driven, gear type, oil pump. From the
outlet side of the pump, oil is directed to the full flow, replaceable oil filter. A by-pass valve is
incorporated in the oil filter. An oil pressure relief valve is incorporated in the oil pump
housing. The valve opens when the pump pressures exceed the adjusted limit and oil is
directed back to the intake side of the oil pump gears.
From the oil filter discharge port, oil is directed through a crankcase passage to the oil cooler.
In addition to facilities for oil cooling, the oil cooler incorporates an oil temperature control
valve. Oil passing by the oil temperature control valve cavity directs oil either through the oil
cooler core and or through the oil cooler by-pass to the crankcase passage at the rear
depending on the oil temperature. If engine oil temperature is above 180°F, all oil is directed
through the oil cooler.
Oil entering the engine is directed to the hollow camshaft which serves as the engine main oil
gallery. Grooves and drilled holes in the camshaft are located so as to afford proper
lubrication through a system of orifices to the main bearings, hydraulic valve tappets, idler
gear bushing, accessory drive gear bushings and the starter drive gear bearing.
Oil leaving the camshaft interior at the front of the crankcase is directed to the left main
crankcase gallery, from there it is directed upward through crankcase oil passages to the
main thrust bearing and to the governor drive gear and accessory pad.
WARNING
Oil pressure is applied to the face of the accessory drive pads. If gaskets,
accessory or covers are not properly installed and hardware is not properly
torqued oil leakage will occur.
From the governor drive gear lubricating oil is directed from the left main gallery through the
propeller governor to the drilled crankcase passages and oil transfer collar to the crankshaft.
Oil then travels through a transfer plug installed in the inside diameter of the crankshaft and
is routed to the variable pitch propeller. Hydraulic valve tappets transfer oil from the main oil
galleries to the cylinder overhead through the hollow pushrods to a drilled oil passage in the
rocker arms. Oil exiting the rocker arms lubricates the valve stems, springs and rotocoils.
The oil then falls to the lower rocker cavity and returns to the crankcase and sump through
the pushrod housings.
Oil from the left main crankcase gallery is also directed upward through crankcase oil
passages to the crankshaft main bearings and idler gear bushing. Oil is directed upward from
the idler gear bushing to both accessory drive bushings. Oil lubricating the crankshaft mains
is directed through the upper main bearing oil holes, through crankcase passages to oil squirt
nozzles that spray oil onto the underside of the pistons for heat dissipation and lubrication.
Oil falls from the pistons through the crankcase cavity back to the oil sump.
18-2 APRIL 1998

FIGURE 18-1. LUBRICATION SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
1. Oil Suction Tube 12. Push Rod 23. Oil To Crankshaft Bearings
2. Oil Pump Gears 13. Push Rod Housing 24. Oil From Left C/C Gallery
3. Oil Pressure Relief Valve 14. Rocker Arm 25. Crankshaft Bearings
4. Oil Filter & By-pass Assy 15. Valve Guide 26. Oil Squirt Nozzle
5. Oil Temp. Control Valve 16. Valve 27. Crankshaft
6. Oil Cooler 17. Oil Return To Sump 28. Piston & Connecting Rod
7. Camshaft Boss 18. Oil To Prop Governor 29. Oil To Idler Gear Bushing
8. Starter Shaftgear Bushing 19. Governor Drive Gear Bushing 30. Idler Gear Bushing
9. Tappet Guide 20. Oil To Transfer Collar 31. R/H Acc. Drive Bushing
10. Oil To Valve Drive Train 21. Oil Transfer Collar 32. L/H Acc. Drive Bushing
11. Tappet 22. Oil To Propeller 33. Oil Pressure Gauge Connection
APRIL 1998 18-3

18-2 LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Oil Pump
The positive displacement oil pump consists of two meshed gears that revolve inside the
pump housing cavity. The clearance between the oil pump cavity and oil pump gear teeth is
small.
The camshaft drives the oil pump drive gear, which drives the oil pump driven gear. The oil
pump driven gear is supported by a shaft pressed into the oil pump housing.
The oil pump drive gear shaft is supported by the tach drive housing on one end and the oil
pump housing at the opposite end. The oil pump drive gear may have a tachometer drive
gear attached to its end which drives a tachometer shaftgear inside the tach drive housing for
either electrical or mechanical tachometers.
As the engine starts rotating, the oil pump drive gear turns (looking from the rear of the
engine forward) counterclockwise, this drives the driven gear in a clockwise direction. The
two gears turning create a suction that draws oil from the sump, through the oil suction tube
to the pump gears. The oil is then forced around the outside of the gears and directed
through a gallery to the oil filter adapter and pressure relief valve. Oil that flows past the
pressure relief valve is directed through a passage back to the inlet side of the pump gears.
The adjustable oil pressure relief valve maintains oil pressure to a preset value, this insures
adequate lubrication to the engine and its accessories at high engine RPM. Oil pressure is
adjusted by turning the oil pressure relief valve adjusting screw.
During normal operation oil flows from the by-pass to an area between the oil filter housing
and filter element. The oil is then directed through the element and down to a gallery in the
filter adapter through a passage in the oil pump housing and out to the engine. The oil filter
incorporates a by-pass in the event the filter element becomes clogged.
18-4 APRIL 1998

OIL FILTER
ELEMENT
OIL FILTER
HOUSING
OIL PUMP
HOUSING
OIL PUMP
DRIVE GEAR
OIL FILTER OIL PUMP

ADAPTER DRIVEN GEAR
OIL FLOW OIL SUCTION

TO ENGINE TUBE PLUG
RECIRCULATION
BACK TO INLET SIDE
OF PUMP GEARS
OIL FROM
OIL PRESSURE OIL SUMP
RELIEF VALVE
FIGURE 18-2. OIL PUMP DESCRIPTION
APRIL 1998 18-5

18-2 LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)
Oil Cooler And Oil Temperature Control Valve
Oil flowing from the oil pump enters the oil cooler inlet where it is directed upward through
the cooler core by the cast oil gallery. When the oil is below normal operating temperature,
the oil temperature control valve (vernatherm) is open allowing oil to flow through the center
by-pass portion of the cooler. Oil flowing through the by-pass flows past the oil temperature
control valve and out to the crankcase main oil galleries and camshaft.
When oil temperature reaches 180°F the oil temperature control valve closes forcing the oil
to flow through the oil cooler. As the oil flows through the cooler core cooling air fins between
the core oil passages dissipate excess heat from the oil maintaining normal operational oil
temperatures.
18-6
FIGURE 18-3. OIL COOLER DESCRIPTION
18-7
18-2 LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENT DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)
Oil Sump
The oil sump used on I0-550-A,C,G, N & P model engines is a stamp-pressed aluminum
alloy assembly. The oil sump used on the I0-550-B & R model engines is cast aluminum with
provisions for attaching engine mount legs. The sump is held to the crankcase sump mount
flange with 32 bolts, washers and lock washers. The oil sump assembly incorporates a
tapped drain plug boss, a plug and crush washer to facilitate draining of engine oil. The drain
plug boss has provisions for safety wiring of the oil drain plug.
Oil Suction Tube
The oil suction tube extends from the oil sump to the oil pump inlet providing oil pick-up and
flow path. The pick-up tube entrance is screened. On I0-550-A,C,G, N & P engines the pick-
up end is supported by welded brackets bolted to the crankcase spine below the camshaft.
On I0-550-B & R engines the pick-up end is supported by welded brackets bolted to two
crankcase bolt bosses. The opposite end with a crush washer installed protrudes through the
crankcase into the oil pump inlet. The threaded tube end is held and sealed to the oil pump
housing by a crush washer and a plug.
FIGURE 18-4A. OIL SUMP AND SUCTION TUBE DESCRIPTION
18-8 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 18-4B. IO-550 PERMOLD OIL SUMPS
APRIL 2001 18-9

18-3 LUBRICATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Oil filter Adapter Stud Replacement
A new stud P/N 653490 must be installed if the old stud is a plain steel color with a length of
1.440" inch, if it is found to be loose or it is installed beyond the stud setting height specified
in Figure 18-6," Oil Filter Adapter Stud Inspection." Install new stud in accordance with the
following procedure:
1. Remove old stud P/N 632373 and inspect the threads in the adapter housing for damage.
Replace the adapter housing if any thread damage is evident.
NOTE...Oil filter adapters that incorporate this modification from the factory can be
determined by the letter "S" stamped into the adapter housing, See Figure 18-5 "Stud
Identification."
2. Clean the adapter housing threads thoroughly to remove any remaining thread adhesive
and oil.
FIGURE 18-5. STUD IDENTIFICATION
3. Install the applicable new stud (P/N 653490) and confirm that the incomplete thread on
the stud stops at the first thread in the adapter housing and does not continue into the
housing below the minimum .500" extension. See Figure 18-5, "Oil Filter Adapter Stud
Inspection." Replace the adapter housing if the extension is less than the specified .500"
minimum.
4. After extension height inspection, remove the stud from the adapter. Clean the threads of
the adapter housing and stud with Loctite "Primer T" (TCM P/N 646944) and allow to dry.
5. Apply a line of Loctite 271 (TCM P/N 646941) along the large threads (.8125-16 end) of
the stud and install into the adapter finger tight to 30 inch pounds torque. Check for
proper stud extension height in accordance with Figure 18-6," Oil Filter Adapter Stud
Inspection."
6. Allow the parts to cure for a minimum of thirty minutes prior to installation of the oil filter.
CAUTlON...Curing times may vary depending on ambient temperature. Consult Loctite
instructions .
18-10 APRIL 1998

FIGURE 18-6. OIL FILTER ADAPTER STUD INSPECTION
After installation of a new oil filter adapter stud, stamp a .125" high letter "s" in the location
shown in Figure 18-5 Stud Identification
Oil Pump
Malfunctioning oil pumps or oil pump components must be removed and discarded.
The oil pump may be removed in accordance with oil pump disassembly/reassembly
instructions in the IO-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form No. X30568A.
Repairs other than smoothing nicks on parting surfaces, replacing studs and worn parts, and
refacing the oil pressure relief valve seat on the oil pump housing are not possible.
The pump driven gear shaft is pressed into the pump housing and is not field replaceable.
The pump gear chamber must not be enlarged. If it becomes scored, the pump housing must
be discarded. Scoring on the gear contact area of the oil pump cover renders it
unserviceable unless the parting surfaces can be lapped smooth and perfectly flat.
If required, replace oil pump housing studs in accordance with the IO-550 Permold Series
Oil Filter Adapter
Discard oil filter adapters that are cracked or that are worn beyond specified limits. Smooth
small nicks on parting surface. No other repairs are possible.
Oil Sump
If the oil sump must be removed for repair or replacement, see the I0-550 Permold Series
Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A. Any airframe components that obstruct removal must be
removed in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s instructions.
Whenever the oil sump is removed, the oil suction tube screen must be cleaned and all lower
internal hardware must be inspected for secure installation and safetying.
Discard any oil sump that is warped or cracked.
APRIL 1998 18-11

Oil Suction Tube
The oil suction tube to oil pump housing plug gasket can be removed and replaced.
To gain access to the oil suction tube assembly, the oil sump assembly must be removed.
Oil Cooler
The oil cooler or its components may be removed for replacement and repair in accordance
with applicable portions of oil cooler disassembly/reassembly instructions in the I0550
Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
Oil Pressure Relief Valve

Cut safety wire, remove the oil pressure relief valve and inspect the plunger for scoring,
nicks, and the conical face for roughening. Oil pressure relief valves with scoring, nicks,
roughening of the conical face or that exceed the specified limits must be discarded and
replaced with new. Inspect the oiI pressure relief valve seat for scoring, nicks or roughening.
Seats with these indications must be refaced. Using the specified oil pressure relief spot
facer, reface the pressure relief valve seat in the oil pump housing.
CAUTION... Reface pressure relief valve seat using light finger pressure when turning
refacing tool.
After the refacing procedure, the depth from the top of the oil pump housing to the seat face
must not exceed the specified limit item (2) in Figure 18-7," Lubrication System Service
Limits. "Oil pump housings exceeding specified limits must be discarded.
CAUTION... Thoroughly clean oil pressure relief valve cavity after refacing procedure. All
debris from the refacing procedure must be removed.
Reassemble serviceable or new relief valve housing and adjusting screw. Turn adjusting
screw into housing about halfway. Install new copper washer and nut. Assemble plunger,
spring, washer and slide into housing. Coat housing threads with TCM anti-seize lubricant.
Insure relief valve components are aligned and install in oil pump housing. Torque housing to
240-260 inch pounds. Safety wire oil pressure relief valve housing in accordance with
chapter 9," Lockwire Procedure." The engine oil pressure must be adjusted prior to release
for return to service in accordance with chapter 22, "Oil Pressure Adjustment."
Oil Temperature Control Valve

Remove the oil temperature control valve and inspect the valve seat for scoring, nicks,
roughness or deterioration. Oil temperature control valves exhibiting any of these indications
or that exceed specified limits must be discarded and replaced with new. Reinstall
serviceable or new oil temperature control valve using new gasket and torque to 440-460
inch pounds for the small (639305) control valve and 640-660 inch pounds for the large
(649369) control valve. Safety wire oil temperature control valve housing in accordance with
chapter 9," Lockwire Procedure."
18-12 APRIL 1998

Tach Drive Assembly
Repairs other than stud replacement, worn parts replacement, and stoning nicks on parting
flanges are not possible. Discard tach drive assemblies exhibiting cracks or that are worn
beyond the specified limits. Studs may be replaced in accordance with the I0550 Permold
Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
When performing lubrication system component repairs prior to engine TBO the following
dimensional limits may be used.
CAUTION...When performing dimensional inspection the following "Service Limits" may be
used. However, they are only intended as a guide for re-use when performing maintenance
of the engine prior to major overhaul. Parts with dimensions or fits that exceed service limits
must not be re-used. Parts with values up to and including service limits may be re-used,
however, judgment should be exercised considering the PROXIMITY of the engine to its
SERVICE LIMITS
SERVICE
REF. DESCRIPTION
LIMIT
OIL PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE ASSEMBLY
1. Oil Pressure Relief Valve Adjusting Screw In Plunger ...........Diameter: 0.0070L
2. Oil Pressure Relief Valve Seat In Housing ................................. Depth: 1.060
OIL PRESSURE PUMP ASSEMBLY
3. Oil Pump Drive Gear In Pump Housing ..................................Diameter: 0.0070L
4. Oil Pump Drive Gear Shaft In Pump Housing ........................Diameter: 0.0045L
5. Oil Pump Driven Gear To Driven Gearshaft ...........................Diameter: 0.0040L
6. Oil Pump Drive Gear In Pump Housing ........................End Clearance: 0.0050
7. Oil Pump Driven Gear In Pump Housing ......................End Clearance: 0.0050
8. Oil Pump Drive Gear Shaft In Tach Drive Housing ................Diameter: 0.0045L
9. Oil Pump Drive Gear Shaft In Tach Drive Housing ................Diameter: 0.0045L
10. Oil Pump Drive Gear Shaft Pin In Bevel Gear ........................Diameter: 0.0040L
11. Oil Pump Drive Gear Shaft Pin In Bevel Gear ........................Diameter: 0.0040L
12. Oil Pump Driven Gear In Pump Housing ................................Diameter: 0.0080L
13. Tach Drive Shaft In Tach Drive Housing ................................Diameter: 0.0045L
14. Tach Drive Shaft In Tach Drive Housing ................................Diameter: 0.0045L
15. Oil Seal In Tach Drive Housing ..............................................Diameter: 0.003L
16. Oil Seal In Tach Drive Housing ...............................................Diameter: 0.0065T
GEAR BACKLASH
17. Oil Pump Drive and Driven Gears ........................................ Backlash: 0.0160
18. Tach Drive and Driven Bevel Gears ..................................... Backlash: 0.0120
19. Tach Drive and Driven Bevel Gears ..................................... Backlash: 0.0120
T=Tight L=Loose
APRIL 2001 18-13

SERVICE
REF. DESCRIPTION
LIMIT
SPRING TEST DATA
20. Oil Pressure Relief Valve Spring
Compressed To 1.25 Inch Length ............................................ Load: 30 Lbs.
21.
(639305 Oil temperature control valve 120°-170°
Valve) 0.090 inches minimum travel at ...................................Oil Temperature:
Oil temperature control valve must close between .......Oil Temperature: 168°-172°
21.
(649369 Oil temperature control valve
Valve) 0.160 inches minimum travel at ...................................Oil Temperature: 135°-175°
Oil temperature control valve must close between .......Oil Temperature: 171-175°
Mechanical Tach Drive Electrical Tach Drive
FIGURE 18-7. LUBRICATION SYSTEM SERVICE LIMITS
18-14 APRIL 2001

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
18-15
CHAPTER 19
CYLINDER ASSEMBLY
SECTION PAGE
19-1 Cylinder Cooling.......................................................... 19-2
19-2 Cylinders, Pistons And Overhead Drive Train............ 19-3
19-3 Cylinder Assembly Detailed Description .................... 19-4
19-4 Cylinder Assembly Maintenance ................................ 19-10
FIGURE PAGE
19-1 General Engine Cooling Airflow Diagram ................... 19-2
19-2 Cylinder Piston And Overhead Drive Train................. 19-3
19-3 Cylinder Assembly Description IO-550-A,B&C........... 19-4
19-4 Cylinder Assembly Description IO-550-G, N. P & R... 19-5
19-5 Piston Assembly Description ...................................... 19-6
19-6 Overhead Drive Train Description IO-550-A,B&C ...... 19-7
19-7 Overhead Drive Train Description
IO-550-G, N, P & R ..................................................... 19-8
19-8 Hydraulic Tappet Description...................................... 19-9
19-9 Master Orifice Tool...................................................... 19-12
19-10 Static Seal ................................................................... 19-13
19-11 Dynamic Seal .............................................................. 19-13
19-12 Differential Pressure Tester Calibration...................... 19-14
19-13 Ring Positioning .......................................................... 19-16
19-14 Light Rust Formation, Hone Not Affected................... 19-18
19-15 Heavy Rust Formation, Surface Pitting Has Altered
Honed Pattern ............................................................. 19-19
19-16 New Steel Cylinder Bore............................................. 19-20
19-17 Typical Cylinder Bore At TBO..................................... 19-20
19-18 Heavily Worn Cylinder Bore........................................ 19-21
19-19 Baffle Seals Improperly Positioned............................. 19-25
19-20 Baffle Seals Not Sealing Properly............................... 19-26
19-21 Baffles With Air Gaps.................................................. 19-27
19-22 Gaps In Baffle Seal ..................................................... 19-28
19-23 Torque Sequence For Single Cylinder ....................... 19-34
19-24 Cylinder Assembly Service Limits IO-550-A,B&C ...... 19-37
19-25 Cylinder Dimensions IO-550-A,B&C........................... 19-38
19-26 Cylinder Assembly Service Limits
I0-550-G, N, P & R...................................................... 19-41
19-27 Cylinder Dimensions IO-550-G, N, P & R.................. 19-42
APRIL 2001 19-1

19-1 CYLINDER COOLING
Cylinder cooling is accomplished by transferring heat from the cylinder barrel and head cooling
fins to the surrounding airflow. Airframe engine cowling and engine/airframe supplied baffles
and baffle seals direct cooling airflow close and evenly around the cylinders. Controlling airflow
in this manner contributes to uniform cylinder temperatures. Cooling airflow is generated by air
from the propeller and ram air induced by the aircraft's forward movement. This airflow is
regulated by the size of the cooling air inlets and outlets. Increasing or decreasing outlet size
with the use of airframe cowl flaps changes airflow and is used as an aid in controlling engine
operating temperatures. Below is a general illustration showing engine cooling airflow.
HIGH PRESSURE AIRCRAFT SUPPLIED

AREA COOLING BAFFLES
RAM
AIR
RAM
AIR
LOW PRESSURE
AREA
COOLING
COWL FLAPS AIR
EXIT
FIGURE 19-1. GENERAL ENGINE COOLING AIRFLOW DIAGRAM
19-2 APRIL 2001

19-2 CYLINDERS, PISTONS AND OVERHEAD DRIVE TRAIN
The cylinders, pistons and overhead drive train are the portion of the engine that develop
power. The cylinder combustion chamber provides a controlled area for burning fuel/air mixture
and converting that heat energy into mechanical energy. Aviation fuel and air is drawn into a
cylinder during the intake stroke, compressed by the piston during the compression stroke and
then ignited by a high intensity spark produced across the spark plug electrode air gap during
the power stroke. As the mixture is ignited, the expanding gases force the piston to move
inward toward the crankshaft.
This inward motion acting on the connecting rod and crankshaft throw is converted into circular
or rotary motion by the crankshaft. As the crankshaft throw rotates past half of one revolution,
the connecting rod and piston start moving outward on the exhaust stroke toward the cylinder
head. During this movement, the exhaust valve begins to open allowing the burned mixture
(exhaust) to escape. Momentum from the crankshaft forces the piston toward the cylinder head
in preparation of the next intake stroke event.
Proper mechanical timing between the crankshaft and camshaft allows the intake and exhaust
valves to open and close in synchronization with piston position in all six cylinders.
Proper magneto internal timing and magneto to engine mechanical timing allow precise spark
plug ignition, 22°±1° before top dead center, during the piston's compression stroke.
CYLINDER HEAD CRANKSHAFT

AND BARREL CONNECTING
ROD
PISTON
& RINGS
VALVES
PUSHROD
ROCKER ARM
CAMSHAFT
HYDRAULIC
TAPPET
FIGURE 19-2. CYLINDER, PISTON AND OVERHEAD DRIVE TRAIN
APRIL 2001 19-3

19-3 CYLINDER ASSEMBLY DETAILED DESCRIPTION IO-550-A, B & C
Cylinder, Valve Guides, Valves, Rotocoil And Retainer - The externally finned aluminum alloy
head castings are heated and valve seat inserts installed before the head is screwed and
shrunk onto an externally finned steel alloy barrel to make the permanent head and barrel
assembly. The cylinder barrel is nitrided for wear resistance. Intake and exhaust valve guides
are pressed into the heated cylinder assembly. Special helical coil thread inserts are installed in
upper and lower spark plug holes. The cylinder intake and exhaust ports are located below the
cylinder as installed. Valve stems are solid. A rotocoil assembly retains the two concentric
springs surrounding the exhaust valve and is locked to the exhaust valve stem by tapered,
semi-circular keys which engage grooves around the stem. The controlled rotating action of this
type retainer helps to prevent burning and eroding of the valve and valve seat. A retainer
retains the two concentric springs surrounding the intake valve and is locked to the intake valve
stem by tapered, semi-circular keys which engage grooves around the stem. Valve rocker
covers are painted diecast aluminum .
FIGURE 19-3. CYLINDER ASSEMBLY DESCRIPTION IO-550-A,B & C
19-4 APRIL 1998

19-3 CYLINDER ASSEMBLY DETAILED DESCRIPTION IO-550-G, N, P & R
Cylinder, Valve Guides, Valves, Rotocoil And Retainer - The externally finned aluminum alloy
head castings are heated and valve seat inserts installed before the head is screwed and
shrunk onto an externally finned steel alloy barrel to make the permanent head and barrel
assembly. The cylinder barrel is nitrided for wear resistance. Intake and exhaust valve guides
are pressed into the heated cylinder assembly. Special helical coil thread inserts are installed in
upper and lower spark plug holes. The cylinder intake ports are located on the top of the
cylinder and exhaust ports are located below the cylinder as installed. Valve stems are solid. A
rotocoil assembly retains the two concentric springs surrounding the exhaust valve and is
locked to the exhaust valve stem by tapered, semi-circular keys which engage grooves around
the stem. The controlled rotating action of this type retainer helps to prevent burning and
eroding of the valve and valve seat. A retainer retains the two concentric springs surrounding
the intake valve and is locked to the intake valve stem by tapered, semi-circular keys which
engage grooves around the stem. Valve rocker covers are stamped sheet metal and use two
per cylinder.
FIGURE 19-4. CYLINDER ASSEMBLY DESCRIPTION IO-550-G, N, P & R
APRIL 2001 19-5

19-3 CYLINDER ASSEMBLY DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)
Piston
Pistons are aluminum alloy castings with a steel insert cast into the top ring groove. The skirts
are solid and have cylindrical relief cuts at the bottom. Pistons have three ring grooves above
the pin hole and one ring groove below. Compression rings are installed in the top, and second
grooves. The groove below the pin hole contains an oil scraper. A center grooved and slotted
oil control ring is installed in the third groove which has six oil drain holes to the interior. Weight
differences are limited to 1/2 ounce or 14.175 grams in opposing bays. Piston pins are full
floating with permanently pressed-in aluminum end plugs.
MANGANESE PHOSPHATE COATING

1ST COMPRESSION
RING
2ND COMPRESSION
RING
PISTON PIN
OIL CONTROL
RING
OIL SCRAPER
RING
GRAPHITE COATED SKIRT
FIGURE 19-5. PISTON ASSEMBLY DESCRIPTION
19-6 APRIL 2001

Valve Rockers, Shafts, Pushrods And Housings (Overhead Drive Train) I0-550-A, B & C
Valve rockers are steel forgings with hardened sockets, rocker faces and pressed in bronze
bushings. They have a drilled oil passage for lubrication. The rocker shafts are held in place in
the rocker bosses by bolts and washers. Pushrods are constructed of steel tubes and
pressed-in, hardened, forged steel ball ends, which are center drilled for oil passages. The
pushrod housings are beaded steel tubes. The bead at the cylinder end retains washer, gasket
and a second washer. The bead at the crankcase end retains a heavy spring, washer, packing
ring and second washer.
FIGURE 19-6. OVERHEAD DRIVE TRAIN DESCRIPTION IO-550-A,B & C
APRIL 1998 19-7

Valve Rockers, Shafts, Pushrods And Housings (Overhead Drive Train) I0-550-G, N, P & R
Valve rockers are steel forgings with hardened sockets, rocker faces and pressed in bronze
bushings. They have a drilled oil passage for lubrication. The rocker shafts are held in place on
the rocker bosses by retainers, locking tab washers and bolts. Pushrods are constructed of
steel tubes and pressed-in, hardened, forged steel ball ends, which are center drilled for oil
passages. The pushrod housings are beaded steel tubes. The bead at the cylinder end retains
a gasket. The bead at the crankcase end retains a heavy spring, washer, packing ring and
second washer.
FIGURE 19-7. OVERHEAD DRIVE TRAIN DESCRIPTION IO-550-G, N, P & R
19-8 APRIL 2001

Hydraulic Tappet
See Figure 19-8. The barrel type hydraulic valve tappet consists of a steel body (1), an
expanding spring (2), a check valve assembly (3, 4 and 5), a plunger (6), a socket (7) for
pushrod end, and a retaining ring (8). A groove (9), around outside of the body picks up oil from
the crankcase supply hole. From the exterior groove oil is directed to the interior body groove
(11) through hole (10) and from the interior groove through the hole to the reservoir (12). Oil is
withheld from reservoir (14) by check valve ball (5) which is supported by a spring (4) in the
housing (1). The check valve is opened by outward motion of the plunger under pressure of the
expanding spring whenever a clearance occurs in the valve train. Thus the body reservoir is
kept full of oil which transmits lifting force from the body of the plunger. The plunger and socket
are selectively fitted to the body to permit a calibrated leakage so the lifter will readjust its
effective length after each cycle while the cylinder valve is closed to return "lash" in valve train
to zero. The barrel type hydraulic tappets may be removed and replaced without complete
disassembly of the engine.
FIGURE 19-8. HYDRAULIC TAPPET DESCRIPTION
19-9
19-4 CYLINDER ASSEMBLY MAINTENANCE
OWNER/OPERATOR OPERATIONAL AWARENESS

The aircraft operator can significantly influence the service life of the cylinders and other
components by an increased awareness of engine requirements. Example: Rust prevention by
frequent operation or by following recommended preservation procedures if the aircraft is inactive.
Using the correct type and grade engine oil and requiring frequent oil changes are important areas
where an informed owner/operator can extend engine life. In general, becoming knowledgeable
about all of your aircraft's maintenance requirements will help you make informed decisions.
Membership in TCM LINK Aviator Services provides an outstanding means of obtaining information
and recommendations for operation and maintenance of your engine. For more information about
TCMLINK visit www.TCMLINK.com online.
The life of cylinders and cylinder components is highly dependent on correct operating
temperatures. Control of operating temperatures is a function of installation design and
maintenance, and operator control of fuel flow and cowl flaps. During high power and slow speed
aircraft operations, the fuel/air mixture must be rich to supplement air cooling. Enriched fuel flow is a
powerful way of controlling combustion temperatures and, therefore, cylinder, piston, and ring
temperatures.
The highest combustion temperatures occur near the ideal fuel/air ratio of about one pound of fuel
for 15 pounds of air. Combustion temperatures drop on both the lean side and rich side of this point.
However, on the lean side of peak, the reduction in power with leaning is rapid and lean misfire
occurs on many engines about 100 degrees F lean of peak. On the rich side, power is very stable
with changes in fuel flow. This characteristic allows the engine to obtain rated power with rich
mixtures where the combustion temperatures are substantially reduced. This additional fuel at
takeoff is required to maintain control of cylinder structure and oil cooling.
In cruise, operating rich reduces combustion temperatures and should be used to control engine
temperatures. For maximum range, operation on the lean side of peak or at peak is permitted at low
cruise power on some engine models. For normal operation, it is good practice that mixtures be
controlled so that the hot cylinder is 50 to 100 degrees F rich of peak at cruise settings.
In addition, rapid temperature changes should be avoided. Warm-up and cool down periods at the
start and end of flights are also recommended. Leaning recommendations and fuel flow limits are
found in the Airplane Flight Manual, or supplemental Airplane Flight Manual if you have an STC
installation. These recommendations should be followed with pilot control of fuel flows and cowl
flaps used to maintain temperature control.
19-10 APRIL 2001

The following information on cylinder inspection should be performed during regularly scheduled
inspection and annually as part of a regularly scheduled inspection to identify cylinder condition and
installation items which can result in reduced cylinder life.
The points of the following inspection are:
• Cylinder Differential Compression Check And Trend Monitoring
• Cylinder Borescope Inspection, As Required
• Oil Consumption Trend Monitoring
• Oil Analysis Trend Monitoring
• Baffle Condition Inspection
• Induction System Examination
• Cowling Inspection And Cowl Flap Operational Check
• Ignition System Inspection
• Fuel System Setup
• Verification Of Accuracy Of Engine Gages
Minimum Tool Requirements For Performing The Cylinder Inspection:

• Basic Mechanic's Hand Tools
• Calibrated Torque Wrench
• Inspection Light and Mirror
• Calibrated Differential Compression Tester
• Master Orifice Tool, P/N 646953
• Borescope
• Magneto Timing Light, Protractor and TDC Plug
• Calibrated Fuel System Adjustment Gages
• Tachometer Tester
• CHT / EGT Tester
CYLINDER DIFFERENTIAL COMPRESSION CHECK

Wearing of cylinder walls, ring surfaces, and valve seats occur throughout the life of an engine. At
regular maintenance or when condition inspections are indicated, the following differential
compression check should be made and recorded for trend monitoring.
It is important to note that differential compression checks are used to identify cylinder leakage rates
and the source of the leakage. This check cannot be directly related to engine horsepower. ENGINE
TESTING HAS SHOWN THAT CERTIFICATION HORSEPOWER RATINGS WILL CONTINUE TO
BE DELIVERED EVEN WHEN ALL CYLINDERS ARE AT OR BELOW THE MINIMUM
ALLOWABLE CALIBRATED COMPRESSION READING AS ESTABLISHED BY THE MASTER
ORIFICE TOOL.
APRIL 2001 19-11

Specifically, differential compression checks are designed to identify cylinder leaks that are
occurring by the piston rings or in the valve/seat areas. The use of a calibrated differential gauge as
described in the following procedure concerning differential compression checks is mandatory for
accurate readings. If the leakage value is greater than the minimum allowable calibrated
compression reading established by the Master Orifice Tool, no further action is indicated unless
leakage is by either valve. If the leakage value is less than the minimum allowable calibrated
compression reading, further investigation should be followed prior to cylinder removal.
Cylinder Compression Test
The differential pressure test is an accepted method of determining cylinder condition by measuring
air pressure loss past the pistons, rings and valves. The operation of the equipment is based on the
principle that, for any given airflow through a fixed orifice, a constant pressure drop across that
orifice will result.
The compression testing equipment must be calibrated and used in the proper manner to insure
accurate results.
To accurately accomplish a leakage check, use the following information on leakage and use the
Master Orifice tool to calibrate the leakage checking equipment used on Teledyne Continental
engines.
Leakage Checks
Cylinder leakage is broken down into two areas of concern the "Static Seal" and the "Dynamic Seal."
Static Seal
The static seal consists of the valve to valve seat seals, spark plug to spark plug port seals and
cylinder head to barrel seal. No leakage of the static seal is permissible.
Dynamic Seal
The dynamic seal consists of the piston rings to the cylinder wall seal. This seal leakage can vary
from cylinder to cylinder, ring gap position, wear or the amount of engine oil on the cylinder wall.
Equipment
Testing equipment must be kept clean and checked periodically for accuracy as follows: using a line
pressure of 100 to 120 pounds per square inch, close the cylinder pressure valve, then set the
regulator pressure valve to 80 pounds per square inch. The pressure in both gauges should stabilize
with no leakage.
FACTORY CALIBRATED ORIFICE

(CLEAN With Soft Brush. Do Not Alter Size)
DUST CAP DUST CAP
SPARK PLUG
THREADS (18mm)
FIGURE 19-9. MASTER ORIFICE TOOL
19-12 APRIL 2001

EXHAUST
INTAKE
VALVE
VALVE
SEAL
SEAL
CYLINDER
WALL
SPARK CYLINDER DIMENSION
PLUG HEAD & & CHOKE
SEAL BARREL
SEAL
1ST & 2ND
COMPRESSION
RING GAP
PISTON
DIMENSION
FIGURE 19-10. STATIC SEAL FIGURE 19-11. DYNAMIC SEAL
The restrictor orifice dimension in the Master Orifice Tool for Teledyne Continental aircraft engines
must be 0.040 inch orifice diameter, 0.250 inch long with 60° approach angle, and must flow 120±5
cubic feet per hour at 30 pounds per square inch differential pressure.
Master Orifice Tool
For conformity in testing equipment a Master Orifice Tool, Part Number 646953, has been
developed to calibrate equipment and determine the low indicated leakage limit prior to the engine
leakage check. Connect compressed air at 100 - 120 pounds per square inch to the tester with
cylinder pressure valve closed. Turn the regulator pressure valve on, adjusting pressure to indicate
80 pounds per square inch. Remove the dust caps from both ends of the Master Orifice Tool and
install onto a cylinder spark plug adapter. Turn the cylinder pressure valve on and readjust regulator
pressure gauge to read 80 pounds per square inch. At this time the cylinder pressure gauge
indication will be the low allowable limit for cylinder leak checks. The low allowable limit is referred to
as the master orifice calibrated pressure reading. After the master orifice calibrated pressure reading
has been recorded, close regulator pressure valve and remove Master Orifice Tool from the cylinder
adapter. See the schematic diagram of a typical differential pressure tester shown below.
Performing The Check

The following procedures are listed to outline the principles involved, and are intended to
supplement the manufacturer's instructions for the particular tester being utilized.
APRIL 1998 19-13

WARNING
b. Verify magneto switches are connected to magnetos, that they are in the "OFF"
Position and "P" leads are grounded.
e. Set brakes and block aircraft wheels.
f. Insure that aircraft tie-downs are installed and verify that the cabin door latch
is open.
g. Do not stand within the arc of the propeller blades while turning the propeller.
CYLINDER
ADAPTER
CYLINDER CYLINDER
PRESSURE CYLINDER PRESSURE
VALVE ADAPTER VALVE
CYLINDER CYLINDER
PRESSURE PRESSURE
GAUGE GAUGE
RESTRICTOR RESTRICTOR
ORIFICE ORIFICE
REGULATOR REGULATOR
PRESSURE MASTER ORIFICE PRESSURE
GAUGE (HAND TIGHT) GAUGE CYLINDER
REGULATOR REGULATOR
PRESSURE PRESSURE
VALVE VALVE
COMPRESSED COMPRESSED
AIR SOURCE AIR SOURCE
FIGURE 19-12. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TESTER CALIBRATION
(1) Perform the test as soon as possible after the engine is shut down to insure that the piston rings,
cylinder walls, and other engine parts are well lubricated and at operating conditions.
(2) Turn the crankshaft by hand in the direction of rotation until the piston, in the cylinder being
checked, is coming up on its compression stroke.
19-14
(3) Install an adapter in the spark plug hole and connect the calibrated differential pressure tester to
the adapter. (NOTE: Cylinder pressure valve is in the Closed position). Slowly open the cylinder
pressure valve and pressurize the cylinder, not to exceed 20 pounds per square inch. Continue
rotating the engine against this pressure until the piston reaches top dead center. Reaching top
dead center is indicated by a flat spot or sudden decrease in force required to turn the
crankshaft. If the crankshaft is rotated too far, back up at least one-half revolution and start over
again to eliminate the effect of backlash in the valve operating mechanism and to keep the
piston rings seated on the lower ring lands. This is critical because the slightest movement
breaks this piston ring sealing and allows the pressure to drop.
WARNING
Care must be exercised in opening the cylinder pressure valve, since sufficient air
pressure will be built up in the cylinder causing it to rotate the crankshaft if the
piston is not at top dead center. The propeller must be secured during check to
prevent rotation.
(4) Open the cylinder pressure valve completely. Check the regulator pressure gauge and adjust, if
necessary to 80 pounds per square inch.
(5) Observe the pressure indication on the cylinder pressure gauge. The difference between this
pressure and the pressure shown by the regulator pressure gauge is the amount of leakage
through the cylinder. If the cylinder pressure gauge reading is higher than the previously
determined master orifice calibrated pressure reading, proceed to the next cylinder and perform
leak check. If the cylinder pressure gauge reading is lower, proceed with the following:
NOTE...Document cylinder compression pressure using a copy of the Cylinder Inspection Checklist
Form on page 19-31.
Static Seal Check ( See Figure 19-10, "Static Seal.")
(6) First check the static seal for leakage. Positive identification of static seal leakage is possible by
listening for air flow sound at the exhaust or induction system port. When checking for cylinder
head to barrel leakage, use a soapy solution at the cooling jacket to barrel junction and watch for
bubbles. Use a soapy solution around both spark plug seals for leakage. NO LEAKAGE IS
ALLOWED IN STATIC SEALS.
(7) If leakage is occurring in the intake or exhaust valve areas, try staking the valves. Remove
rocker covers from applicable cylinder. Place a fiber drift on the rocker arm directly over the
valve stem and tap the drift several times with a hammer to dislodge any debris that may be
between the valve face and seat. If leakage by the valves cannot be corrected by, "staking," the
cylinder must be removed for repair or replacement.
CAUTION…When correcting a low reading in this manner, rotate the propeller so the piston will not
be at top dead center. This is necessary to prevent the valve from striking the top of the piston in
some engines. Rotate the propeller again before rechecking leakage to reset the valves in the
normal manner. Do not allow the fiber drift to contact the valve spring retainer or rotocoil.
(8) If leakage is noted between the cylinder head and barrel, REPLACE THE CYLINDER, (See
Figure 19-11, "Dynamic Seal.")
(9) To check the dynamic seal of a cylinder, proceed with the leakage test and observe the pressure
indication of the cylinder pressure gauge. The difference between this pressure and the pressure
shown by the regulator gauge is the amount of leakage at the dynamic seal.
APRIL 2001 19-15

WARNING
a. Disconnect all spark plug leads .
b. Verify magneto switches are connected to magnetos, that they are in the "OFF"
Position and "P" leads are grounded .
e. Set brakes and block aircraft wheels. Insure that aircraft tie-downs are installed
and verify that the cabin door latch is open.
f. Do not stand within the arc of the propeller blades while turning the propeller.
(10)If the leakage is below the previously determined low cylinder gauge reading, loss past the
dynamic seal may be due to piston ring end gap alignment or by the piston and piston rings
angular direction in the cylinder bore See Figure 19-13, "Ring Positioning." First insure that the
piston and piston rings are centered. This can be accomplished by reducing regulator pressure
to 20 pounds per square inch and working piston through top dead center several times bringing
the piston to top dead center in the normal direction of engine rotation. Adjust regulated pressure
to 80 pounds per square inch and determine amount of loss. If the gauge reading is higher than
the previously determined master orifice calibrated reading, proceed to next cylinder to be
tested.
NOTE...Piston ring rotation within the ring land is a normal design characteristic. As illustrated in
Figure 19-13, "Ring Positioning," the compression ring location may have a direct bearing on the
dynamic seal pressure check. Therefore, complete the test in the opposite direction if readings are
below prescribed limits.
(11)If recheck of cylinder pressure gauge reading indication remains below allowable loss, engine
may be run up to operating temperature and rechecked prior to cylinder being removed and
repaired. Rework of cylinders must be accomplished in accordance with "Cylinder Assembly
Repair And Replacement" in the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
TOP COMPRESSION
RING GAP
T.D.C.
DIRECTION
OF
MOVEMENT
TOP COMPRESSION
RING GAP
T.D.C.
DIRECTION
OF
MOVEMENT
FIGURE 19-13. RING POSITIONING

19-16 APRIL 2001
After cylinder compression test, if all cylinders are within specifications reinstall spark plugs and
torque to 300-360 inch pounds.
Compression Test Troubleshooting

Use the following troubleshooting chart as a guide. Review the probable causes and other listings of
problems that have similar symptoms. The probable causes are listed in order of “easiest to find”
which is not necessarily in order of probability of occurrence.
cCorrective
First Check Check For Method Discrepancy Action
Static seal Intake valve to seat seal Listen to air flow Carbon Stake valve
(No leakage in intake port Cracked cylinder Replace cylinder
Permissible) Seat worn or burned Reface or replace
Valve worn or burned Reface or replace
Exhaust valve to seat Listen for air flow Carbon Stake valve
seal in exhaust port Cracked cylinder Replace cylinder
Seat worn or burned Reface or replace
Replace
Valve worn or burned
Spark plug (2) to port Apply soapy solution Loose helical coil Replace helical coil
seal around spark plug Cracked cylinder Replace cylinder
Cylinder head to barrel Apply soapy solution Bubbles Replace cylinder

seal between head and
barrel
Cylinder head cracks Apply soapy solution Bubbles Replace cylinder

around cylinder head
area
Second Check Check For Method Discrepancy Corrective Action
Leakage by piston rings Test gauge below Piston cracked or out Replace piston
Dynamic seal remove oil filler cap, tolerance of limits
listen
Worn rings Replace rings
Cylinder wall dimensions Replace cylinder

out of limits
Test gauge above None None

tolerance
c Perform all corrective actions in accordance with “Cylinder Assembly Maintenance” in this
chapter.
APRIL 1998 19-17

CYLINDER BORESCOPE INSPECTION:
Cylinder borescope inspections are recommended when reported oil consumption is high, or as
routine inspections to monitor cylinder condition. Conducting meaningful borescope inspections
requires practice and experience to properly interpret the limited view available.
When conducting a cylinder borescope inspection, the maintenance technician should examine the
cylinder for the presence of rust and overall condition of the cylinder bore and valve area.
RUST EXAMINATION:
To achieve long cylinder life, TCM cylinder barrels are constructed of through-hardened steel with a
nitrided surface. Regular use of the aircraft in normal operation is usually sufficient to provide an oil
coating which prevents excessive rust formation in the cylinders. However, new cylinders are
particularly sensitive to rust formation if not used frequently or preserved during periods of inactivity.
To provide improved rust formation protection in new cylinders, TCM cylinders produced beginning
in February and March 1997 (depending on the model) have a manganese phosphate coating.
Cylinders produced after these dates also have an advanced multi-step hone pattern to aid in oil
retention. Note that the phosphated cylinder bore will have a dark gray to brownish color that will
wear away as hours in service are accumulated.
Infrequent or irregular use of the aircraft can easily lead to rust formation which may result in
reduced cylinder life if the engine is not properly preserved in accordance with Chapter 5 of the IO-
550-A, B, C, G, N, P & R Operation And Installation Manual, Form X30565.
Caution: The practice of ground operation of the engine as a substitute for regular use of the aircraft
is unacceptable. Ground running does not provide adequate cooling for the cylinders. In addition,
ground running introduces water and acids into the lubrication system which can cause substantial
damage over time to cylinders and other engine components such as camshafts. Turning the
propeller by hand is not recommended as this wipes off the residual oil.
FIGURE 19-14. LIGHT RUST FORMATION, HONE NOT AFFECTED
19-18 APRIL 2001

Light rust signatures which have not pitted the cylinder wall, or rust indications above the top ring
travel area, are not usually cause for concern. See Figure 19-14. Severe rust will pit the barrel wall
and can damage rings. See Figure 19-15. Such damage will usually be evident by low differential
compression checks and high oil consumption. TCM'S WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER DAMAGE
FROM RUST. Rust damage must be prevented by the operator and/or maintenance facility.
FIGURE 19-15. HEAVY RUST FORMATION, SURFACE PITTING

HAS ALTERED HONED PATTERN
CYLINDER WALL EXAMINATION
Borescope inspections of the cylinder wall are performed to assess the condition of the hone pattern
and identify abnormal wear patterns which can contribute to low differential compression readings or
increased oil consumption.
The cylinder wall hone pattern consists of a carefully applied pattern of surface "scratches"
introduced at the time of manufacture. These scratches aid in ring seating by allowing the ring and
wall surface to wear into conformity to each other and provide a reservoir of oil for lubrication during
ring travel. The cylinder walls and rings are designed to wear over the life of the engine, particularly
in the high pressure and temperature combustion area. The visible hone pattern in the upper portion
of the bore may disappear during normal operation. SUCH NORMAL PATTERNS ARE NOT
CAUSE FOR CYLINDER REMOVAL.
The following figures show hone patterns in a new cylinder and at TBO for typical TCM cylinders.
As can be seen from the photograph at TBO (Figure 19-17), cylinders which have a very light or no
hone pattern in the upper portion of the bore can function normally, have normal oil consumption
and have acceptable differential compression checks. For this reason, the borescope inspection
should be used in conjunction with differential compression checks and oil consumption trends to
assess engine condition.
APRIL 2001 19-19

FIGURE 19-16. NEW STEEL CYLINDER BORE
FIGURE 19-17. TYPICAL CYLINDER BORE AT TBO

Scratches or grooves that extend in the direction of piston travel can result from contamination and
may lead to low differential compression checks and high oil consumption. Heavy bore wear with a
complete loss of visible hone pattern over the full ring travel can result from over-temperature
operation or abrasive wear. See Figure 19-18. These signatures, in conjunction with low differential
compression checks or high oil consumption, generally indicate cylinder repair or replacement or, at
minimum, call for more frequent condition inspections.
19-20 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 19-18. HEAVILY WORN CYLINDER BORE
Over time, the cylinder wall may develop a glazed coating which is generally beneficial to cylinder
life as a rust inhibitor. The glaze is a residue of hydrocarbon constituents and lead deposits which
serve as both a rust inhibitor and lubricant. Changes and variations in fuel constituents and types of
oil used in recent years may impact this beneficial coating. TCM's revised hone pattern, reduced oil
control ring tension and manganese phosphate coating are intended to offset this impact.
CYLINDER BORE INSPECTION

a. Inspect each cylinder for signatures of normal wear. See Figure 19-17. Cylinder walls which
appear to have minimum or no hone pattern are acceptable if the cylinder has acceptable
differential compression readings and the engine has acceptable oil consumption.
b. Inspect each cylinder for signatures of light rust. See Figure 19-14. Light rust which has not
resulted in pitting of the cylinder wall is acceptable. Several small, localized areas less than 1/16
inch in diameter are acceptable as long as the total affected areas in any one cylinder does not
exceed 1 inch in diameter. The affected areas must be separated by at least 1/2 inch. Rust
above the top ring travel is inconsequential and not cause for cylinder removal. Surface
discoloration or staining is acceptable and will not result in any damage to the cylinder barrel or to
the piston rings.
c. Inspect each cylinder for signatures of heavy rust. See Figure 19-15. Cylinder walls which show
heavy rust as characterized by pitting of the cylinder wall surface should be removed for repair or
replacement if the cylinder has low differential compression or the engine oil consumption is high.
Areas of corrosion where the honed surfaces have been altered are of primary concern. These
areas are normally very dark in contrast to the surrounding areas. Small localized areas less than
1/2 inch in diameter are acceptable as long as there are no signatures of scoring or material pick
up.
APRIL 2001 19-21

d. Inspect each cylinder for signatures of heavy wear. See Figure 19-18. Heavy bore wear is
identified as a complete loss of visible hone pattern over the full ring travel and will normally have
associated low cylinder differential compression and/or high oil consumption. This generally will
indicate a need for cylinder repair or replacement or, at minimum, call for more frequent condition
inspections.
e. Inspect each cylinder for signatures of scoring. A predominant amount of cylinder bore scratches
or grooves that extend in the direction of piston travel will normally lead to low differential
compression checks and high oil consumption. This may also be identified by burnt or blistered
paint on the exterior of the cylinder barrel. This will indicate a need for cylinder repair or
replacement.
OIL CONSUMPTION TREND MONITORING
Aircraft piston engines continuously wear over their service life. One indication of the rate of wear,
or indication of the need for inspection or service, is found in oil consumption trends. Every
owner/operator and maintenance facility should maintain formal records on oil consumption in the
aircraft log book.
Oil consumption can be expected to vary with each engine depending on the load, operating
temperature, type of oil used and condition of the engine. A differential compression check and
borescope inspection should be conducted if oil consumption exceeds one quart every three hours
or if any sudden change in oil consumption is experienced and appropriate action taken.
It is important to note that the current technology of general aviation aircraft reciprocating engines
requires a certain level of oil consumption to assure proper lubrication of the cylinder walls and rings.
Aircraft engines operate under much greater loads and at higher temperatures than automotive
engines and require correspondingly greater oil use. In addition to lubrication, oil serves as a
coolant and as a means to transport contaminants, wear particles, acids and moisture from the
engine at oil changes. Frequent oil changes based on operating hours or calendar time are critical
to engine life. Approved oils are listed in Chapter 3.
TCM 550 cylinder assemblies produced after February 1997 have revised oil ring tensions to
produce improved cylinder bore lubrication characteristics.
The Cylinder Inspection Checklist Form on page 19-31 contains a means to record oil consumption.
The Cylinder Inspection Checklist should be completed and maintained with the engine logbook. OIL
CONSUMPTION TRENDS ARE EXCELLENT INDICATORS OF CYLINDER BORE AND RING
CONDITION.
OIL CONSUMPTION TREND MONITORING PROCEDURE
a. A formal oil consumption record should be generated for the engine installation. If oil
consumption is more than one quart every three hours of operation or if the oil consumption trend
has changed substantially, conduct the differential compression and borescope examinations in
this section. If the oil consumption trend is stable and the oil consumption is less than one quart
every three hours, continue with the inspection.
b. Record type of oil used.
c. Record the number of quarts of oil added.
d. Record oil change interval.
19-22 APRIL 2001

e. At every oil change, strain the oil and examine for debris. Also, cut open the oil filter and
examine it for unusual material content. Record examination results of the strained oil, oil filter or
screen.
f. The presence of a heavy amount of material will require investigation to determine the source prior
to further engine operation.
OIL ANALYSIS TREND MONITORING

Oil analysis is a tool to monitor wear material and contaminants in the engine. To be effective, a
baseline of at least three analyses must be established from a single source to provide trend
characteristics. For those engines with an established oil analysis profile, changes in iron, copper
and other tracked elements can indicate unusual wear. In such cases, other diagnostic tools such
as differential compression checks, borescope inspections, oil filter/screen examination and oil
consumption trends can be useful in identifying the problem. Oil analysis can also detect air filtration
or induction system leaks indicated by high silicon content. Note that oil analysis does not provide
any indication of cracks, leaks or similar situations that could result in engine problems.
NOTE…To establish a meaningful data base for comparison, the oil samples must be taken on a
regular schedule using the same sampling technique and laboratory. The engine must have
operated long enough to obtain normal operational temperatures and the oil sample taken within 30
minutes after engine shut down. The tube or funnels used to drain the oil from the oil sump must be
clean and free of any foreign material or residue. If the oil sample is taken from the oil as it drains
from the sump, allow approximately 1/3 of the oil to drain prior to taking the sample. If the sample is
taken via the oil filler or other location using a sampling tube it is critical that the sample not be taken
from the bottom of the sump, but at a location 2 to 3 inches above the bottom of the sump. Under
no circumstances should an oil sample be taken from the oil filter canister.
The TCM LINK Aviator Services program provides a mechanism for recording and tracking oil
analysis through the software supplied to Aviator Services members. For additional information on
Aviator Services, contact TCM LINK Aviator Services Desk at 1-888-826-5465 or visit TCM’s Web
site at www.tcmlink.com.
OIL ANALYSIS TREND MONITORING PROCEDURE

a. If an oil analysis profile has been established, review the results for indications of wear or
contamination.
b. Based on the latest oil analysis, record the results of the profile trend. If the trend indicates an
abnormal increase in material amounts, reference the recommended actions provided by the oil
analysis laboratory.
c. If no prior oil analysis exists, initiate sampling according to the instructions you receive with the oil
analysis kit.
BAFFLE CONDITION INSPECTION

Investigations into cylinder service life issues found that maintenance of cylinder and oil cooling
systems (incorrect and improperly fitting baffles) were factors in premature cylinder removals. To
understand the importance of this cooling control, note that approximately one third of the energy of
the fuel used is transferred as heat to the structure (cylinder head, barrel, crankcase, etc.) and oil.
THE AMOUNT OF HEAT ENERGY THAT MUST BE REMOVED BY THE COOLING AIR IS
APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO THE HORSEPOWER THAT IS DRIVING THE PROPELLER. This is
why failure of the cooling baffles to perform efficiently can lead to rapid and significant deterioration
of the cylinders and other engine components.
APRIL 2001 19-23

To remove this heat, cooling airflow is directed by a series of baffles and ducts so that the airflow
passes over cooling fins or directly to components requiring cooling. IT IS IMPORTANT TO
UNDERSTAND THAT THE PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL IN THE COWLING IS SMALL AND
SLIGHT IRREGULARITIES IN THE BAFFLES CAN EASILY HAVE AN ADVERSE AFFECT ON
ENGINE COOLING.
Field inspections indicate that critical baffles are often poorly maintained or deteriorate with age. In
some cases, multiple engine removals have been made over the aircraft life without the replacement
or repair of baffles and seals. In such cases, operators may have experienced excellent durability
on early engines but have experienced less favorable results on later engine installations due to loss
of cooling control.
In addition to the age of the aircraft, many engines have been installed as power upgrades through
the Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) process. All of these installations should be thoroughly
examined to ensure completeness of baffling and the replacement of old and potentially
dysfunctional baffles. THE QUALITY OF DOCUMENTATION FOR STC INSTALLATIONS CAN
VARY V\/IDELY, AND IF THE INSPECTION REVEALS INSTALLATION PROBLEMS THAT COULD
AFFECT ENGINE COOLING OR OPERATION, THE STC HOLDER MUST BE CONTACTED FOR
RESOLUTION.
FOR THESE REASONS, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT ALL AIRCRAFT BAFFLES BE INSPECTED AT

REGULARLY SCHEDULED INTERVALS AND ANNUALLY.
BAFFLE CONDITION INSPECTION

a. Check baffles for condition, correct position, and proper contact with cowl.
b. Repair or replace worn or distorted baffles in accordance with the airframe manufacturer/STC
holders information.
c. Check and adjust inter-cylinder baffles to ensure a tight fit.
d. Seal holes and cracks that would allow cooling airflow to be wasted. This may be accomplished
by applying a non-corrosive silicone adhesive/sealant. Consult the aircraft manufacturer for
application instructions.
e. Check the integrity of all cooling ducts, heater ducts, etc. and repair as necessary.
Some manufacturers, conversion shops, and maintenance facilities have developed baffle kits with
improved, more flexible material that can provide excellent engine cooling airflow. Such kits may be
particularly beneficial for older aircraft. Groups such as the American Bonanza Society and the
Cessna Pilots Association can be useful sources for information about kits for specific aircraft.
Baffles in the conditions shown in the following photographs indicate problems found in the field that
will shorten cylinder life by causing inadequate cooling air flow. The Cylinder Inspection Checklist
Form on page 19-31 indicates areas to be checked such as intercylinder baffles, perimeter baffles,
cowl seals, cooling ducts, and any other seals or areas that direct or control airflow. Ensure that all
holes and cracks that may waste cooling air are sealed.
19-24 APRIL 2001

Peripheral Baffle Seals
Improperly Positioned
FIGURE 19-19. BAFFLE SEALS IMPROPERLY POSITIONED
APRIL 2001 19-25

Aft and Side Peripheral Baffle
Seals Not Sealing Properly
FIGURE 19-20. BAFFLE SEALS NOT SEALING PROPERLY
19-26 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 19-21. BAFFLES WITH AIR GAPS
APRIL 2001 19-27

FIGURE 19-22. GAPS IN BAFFLE SEAL
19-28 APRIL 2001

INDUCTION SYSTEM EXAMINATION
Improper or inadequate maintenance of the air induction components of the aircraft engine
installation can and often does result in the engine breathing unfiltered air. Unfiltered air contains
particulates which are abrasive to the engine, especially to the cylinder walls and ring faces.
Induction system maintenance that emphasizes properly sealed filters, alternate air doors, and air
ducts can prevent much of that damage. Induction system deficiencies can often be detected
through oil analysis which identifies the contamination.
In addition to the following see Chapter 14 of this manual and consult the aircraft maintenance
manual for information.
a. Check the air filter for cleanliness, normal operation and the absence of gaps or leaks in the
filtering element. Check the air filter seal for potential bypass circuits from the filter. Correct or
replace as necessary in accordance with the airframe manufacturer/STC holders information.
b. Verify the integrity of the airbox by examining for alternate air circuits which can bypass the
filtering system. Any holes or bypass circuits found behind the filtering element should be
repaired as required in accordance with the airframe manufacturer/STC holders information.
c. Verify the operation of the alternate air door and the integrity of the seal when in the closed
position. Verify the door operating mechanism for security when in the closed location. Replace
or repair as necessary in accordance with the airframe manufacturer/STC holders information.
d. If the operator conducts regular oil analyses, use the silicon content of the most recent analysis
and the overall silicon trend to further assess the possibility of induction system leaks or pilot
operational issues such as extensive use of carburetor heat or alternate air during ground
operation.
e. Identify induction system inspection requirements for the specific aircraft in service and comply
with all requirements for inspection and maintenance of the induction system.
COWLING INSPECTION AND COWL FLAP OPERATIONAL CHECK

In addition to baffle conditions, other components that affect airflow though the cowling must be
reviewed. Supplemental equipment or modifications must not restrict cowl openings and exit areas.
Abnormal temperatures can result from airflow blockage or restrictions which can lead to cylinder
damage. Cowl flap operation is also an integral part of engine cooling control.
a. Verify that equipment such as add-on accessories and their associated hardware does not
restrict cowl inlet, cowl outlet, and air flow through the cooling fins.
b. Verify cowl flap rigging and operation in accordance with the appropriate aircraft maintenance
manual as applicable.
IGNITION SYSTEM INSPECTION

Advanced magneto to engine timing can cause elevated cylinder head temperatures. Maintain and
adjust magnetos in accordance with the engine or magneto service instructions. Inspect the
magneto harness and spark plugs and replace if needed.
a. Check magneto timing and adjust to specification. See Chapter 12 in regard to engine timing.
b. Clean, gap and test spark plugs; replace as needed.
c. Inspect ignition harness leads for damage; replace as needed.
APRIL 2001 19-29

FUEL SYSTEM SET-UP
Improper maintenance and adjustment of the fuel system can be a significant factor in premature
cylinder removal. Engine operation and cooling are directly related to the correct set-up of the fuel
system. In addition, improper fuel system settings can affect engine performance in terms of both
power and response to throttle movement. For most installations, the available airflow is insufficient
to cool the engine during high-power operation and additional fuel is required to provide
supplemental cooling. Mixture control can also be used in cruise to maintain correct cylinder head
temperatures. Full rich fuel flows must be set properly in order to provide designed cooling margins.
See Chapter 22 for fuel system adjustment procedures.
To assist in this critical system adjustment, TCM has produced a video about the setup and
maintenance of TCM fuel injection systems as a supplement to existing information. The video (P/N
X30650) may be ordered by contacting the TCM Customer Service Department.
AIRCRAFT ENGINE GAUGE VERIFICATION
To ensure that the engine is operating within recommended limits for normal operation, the aircraft
engine gauges must be verified for correct indications and any discrepancies rectified. Engine
gauges include the tachometer, manifold pressure, fuel flow, oil pressure, oil temperature, cylinder
head temperature (CHT) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT).
Caution…Inaccurate aircraft engine related gauges can cause operation outside of engine
certification and specification limits and can lead to decreased cylinder life. Aircraft gauge
calibration errors can be particularly harmful for high horsepower engines. Gauges must be re-
marked for modified (STC) engines.
WARNING
SIGNIFICANT AIRCRAFT ENGINE GAUGE INACCURACIES CAN LEAD TO CYLINDER
DETONATION WHICH CAN RESULT IN ENGINE STOPPAGE.
COMMENT ON ENGINE TOP OVERHAUL PROCEDURES

If the results of the cylinder inspection indicate that one or more cylinders should be removed from
the engine, it is extremely important the cylinder removal, repair or replacement, and installation be
conducted according to the following and instructions contained in the appropriate aircraft
manufacturer's instructions, TCM Overhaul Manual and other related TCM service documents for
the aircraft and engine under service.
Evaluations of engine service issues and incidents in the field indicate that a number of engines that
experience reduced service life can be attributed to improper field top overhaul procedures.
Improper torque sequencing or procedures employed during reassembly can result in loss of engine
crankcase through-bolt torque.
WARNING
THE USE OF IMPROPER PROCEDURES FOR CYLINDER REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
CAN LEAD TO LOSS OF MAIN BEARING CRUSH AND ENGINE FAILURE.
To assist with the understanding of the proper procedures for engine top overhaul, TCM has
produced a video that highlights the critical elements of a field top overhaul. The top overhaul video
(P/N X30562) may be ordered by contacting the TCM Customer Service Department.
19-30 APRIL 2001

Cylinder Inspection Checklist Form
Inspecting Agency: ................................................ Date:
Inspecting Mechanic:............................................. Aviator Services Member #:
(As Applicable)
Aircraft Owner: ......................................................

Aircraft Make/Model: ............................................. Aircraft Serial #:
Aircraft Year: ......................................................... Registration #:
Engine Model: ....................................................... Engine Serial #:
Engine Hours: Time since major O/H ................... Time Since Top O/H:
1. Differential Compression Check Record Readings

1a. Master Orifice Reading .............................................................................................................................
1b. Record Differential Compression Values for Each Cylinder ..................................................................#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
2. Cylinder Bore Inspection Check 9 Inspection Results for Each Cylinder

2a - Normal Wear 2b - Light Rust 2C - Heavy Rust 2d - Heavy Wear 2e - Scoring
Cylinder #1..............................................
Cylinder #2..............................................
Cylinder #3..............................................
Cylinder #4..............................................
Cylinder # ...............................................
Cylinder #6..............................................
3. Oil Consumption Trend Monitoring Record Information
3a. Record Oil Consumption - One (1) Quart Every ............................................................................................. Hours
3b. Type of Oil Used ..............................................................................................................................................
3c. Record the Number of Quarts Added...............................................................................................................
3d. Record Oil Change Interval ............................................................................................................................. Hours
3e. Sump Oil Strained and Filter Contents Examined and Found to be: Clean
Light Material
Heavy Material
4. Oil Analysis Trend Monitoring Check 9 as Applicable

4a. Oil Analysis Profile Established........................................................................................................................ Yes No
4b. Latest Oil Analysis Indicates ........................................................................................................................... Normal Trend
..................................................................................................................................................................... Abnormal Trend
4c. Oil Analysis Sampling Initiated ......................................................................................................................... Yes No
Oil Analysis Lab Used ......................................................................................................................................
APRIL 2001 19-31

5. Baffle Condition Inspection Check 9 as Applicable
5a. Baffles in Good Condition, Correct Position and Proper Contact ...............................................................................................
5b. Replaced or Repaired Baffles .....................................................................................................................................................
5c Inter-Cylinder Baffles Installed Properly ......................................................................................................................................
5d. Holes and Cracks Sealed ...........................................................................................................................................................
5e. Cooling / Heating Duct Condition Correct or Repaired ...............................................................................................................
6. Induction System Examination Check 9 as Applicable
6a. Air Filter Clean and Properly Installed.........................................................................................................................................
6b. Air Box Inspected and Repaired as Required .............................................................................................................................
6c. Alternate Air Door Sealing and Functioning Properly..................................................................................................................
7. Cowling Inspection and Cowl Flap Operation Check 9 as Applicable
7a. No Restrictions in Cowling Inlet, Outlet or Cooling Fins..............................................................................................................
7b. Proper Cowl Flap Rigging and Operation Verified ......................................................................................................................
8. Ignition System Inspection Check 9 as Applicable
8a. Magneto to Engine Timing Set at..................................................... Left and Right Degrees BTDC
8b. Spark Plugs Cleaned, Gapped, Tested and Replaced as Necessary.........................................................................................
8c. Ignition Harness Inspected for Damage and Leads Replaced as Necessary .............................................................................
9. Fuel System Setup Check 9 as Applicable
9a. Idle Unmetered Fuel Pump Pressure Set at ............................................................................ PSI at RPM
Idle Fuel Mixture RPM Rise at Idle Cutoff = 25/50 RPM .............................................................................................................
Full Throttle Metered Fuel Set at ....................................................................... GPH/LBS-HR at RPM
10. Aircraft Engine Gage Verification
10a. Verified accuracy of Tach, MP, Fuel Flow, CHT and EGT Gages ............................................................................................
11. Flight Test
Flight Test Performed and All Parameters Within Specification
If Cylinder Repair or Replacement was Required Due to Results of the Preceding Inspections, Indicate Below.
Low Compression Rust Scored Oil Consumption Other
Cylinder #1 ...............................................
Cylinder #2 ...............................................
Cylinder #3 ...............................................
Cylinder #4 ...............................................
Cylinder #5 ...............................................
Cylinder #6 ...............................................
Comments:
I hereby certify that I have performed the Cylinder Inpection and any of the items identified above that required repair, replacement or
verification have been repaired, replaced or verified.
Mechanic's Signature: Date:
19-32 APRIL 2001

WARNING
Fuel injection lines must not be bent or deformed. The fuel injection lines must be
securely clamped to the fuel line support brackets. Do not assemble in a binding
configuration.
Single Cylinder Removal
Disconnect battery in accordance with the airframe manufacturer's instructions. Tag the propeller
with the warning "DO NOT TURN PROPELLER." Remove cowling and any airframe supplied
accessories in accordance with the airframe manufacturer's instructions. Remove cylinder using
cylinder and piston removal instructions in the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form
X30568A.
NOTE...When the cylinder is removed with the spark plugs installed, inspection can be
accomplished by filling the inverted cylinder bore with nonflammable solvent and then inspected for
leaks at the static seal areas.
When cylinder is removed use the following information to clean pistons prior to dimensional
inspection.
Pistons
Do not use wire brushes or scrapers of any kind. Soft or hard carbon deposits may yield to solvent
action. If deposits remain, install tight fitting skirt protector dry blast the piston heads with soft grit or
by the vapor grit method. Do not use sand shot, metal grit or glass beads. Ring grooves must be
cleaned by pulling lengths of binder twine or very narrow strips of crocus cloth through them. Do not
use automotive ring grooves scrapers, since the corner radii at the bottoms of the grooves and side
clearances must not be altered. Abrasive cloth must not be used on the piston skirts because the
diameters and cam-ground contour must not be altered. Scored or burned pistons must be
discarded. After cleaning, thoroughly rinse pistons using a stoddard solvent to remove all debris.
Rings
Piston rings must be replaced 100%.
Before any repair procedures are performed after cleaning, the cylinder and it's related components
must be visually, fluorescent penetrant and magnetic particle Inspected as applicable in accordance
with the I0-550 Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
Single Cylinder Reassembly
After all cylinder components have been cleaned, inspected and repaired in accordance with TCM
specifications, reassemble cylinder in accordance with Cylinder and Piston Sub-Assembly of the I0-
550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
19-33
Single Cylinder Reinstallation
1. Reinstall repaired or new cylinder in accordance with the IO-550 Permold Series Overhaul
Manual, Form X30568A. Loosely install spark plugs and gaskets in cylinder. Have an assistant
hold nuts on opposite end of cylinder through bolts when torquing cylinder attaching hardware.
2. Cylinder torquing must be accomplished by two people, install and tighten cylinder attaching
hardware. Torque fasteners to the specified torque and in the sequence specified in Figure 19-
23.
Position numbers. 1, 4 ................................................................790-810 (12 Point Nut)

................................................................. 690-710 (6 Point Nut)
Position numbers
2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10................................................................................................... 490-510
1/2 inch through bolts at
cadmium plated washers .................................................................................... 615-635
NOTE…When replacing less than a full set of six point nuts prior to overhaul the twelve point nut may
be used and torqued to 690-710 inch pounds torque.
FIGURE 19-23. SINGLE CYLINDER TORQUE SEQUENCE
Hydraulic Valve Tappets

Malfunctioning hydraulic valve tappets must be removed, discarded and replaced with new. Remove
and replace tappets in accordance with the applicable instructions in the I0-550 Permold Series
Reinstall all valve train components that were removed using new o-rings, seals and gaskets in
accordance with in the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A. Rocker cover
screws must be torqued to 45-55 inch pounds and safetied as required.
19-34 APRIL 1998

CAUTION...When performing dimensional inspection the following "Service Limits" may be used.
However, they are only intended as a guide for re-use when performing maintenance of the engine
prior to major overhaul. Parts with dimensions or fits that exceed service limits must not be re-used.
Parts with values up to and including service limits may be re-used, however, judgment should be
exercised considering the PROXIMITY of the engine to its
When performing cylinder assembly repairs prior to engine TBO the following dimensional limits may
be used.
CYLINDER ASSEMBLY SERVICE LIMITS IO-550-A, B & C

SERVICE
REF. DESCRIPTION
LIMIT
CYLINDER ASSEMBLY
1. Cylinder bore (lower 4-1/4" of barrel) ............................................. Diameter: See Figure
19-25
2. Cylinder bore choke (at 5.75" from open end of barrel)......................Taper: See Figure
19-25
3. Cylinder bore out-of-round............................................................................: 0.0020
4. Cylinder bore.............................................................. Allowable Oversize: See Figure
19-25
5. Cylinder bore surface roughness (Nitride Barrels)
using 180 grit stone, cross hatch.......................................................... Angle: 22° - 32°
Finish (in micro inches)......................................................................... Ra: 30-50
6. Cylinder barrel in crankcase ........................................................... Diameter: 0.0100L
7. Intake valve seat insert in cylinder head ........................................ Diameter: 0.012T
8. Intake valve guide in cylinder head ................................................ Diameter: 0.0025T
9. Exhaust valve guide in cylinder head ............................................. Diameter: 0.0030T
10. Exhaust valve seat insert in cylinder head ..................................... Diameter: 0.0100T
11. Intake valve seat.................................................................................. Width: See Figure
19-25
12. Exhaust valve seat............................................................................... Width: See Figure
19-25
Exhaust valve seat-to-valve guide axis ................................................ Angle: 45°-00'
Intake valve seat-to-valve guide axis ................................................... Angle: 60°-15'
ROCKER ARMS AND SHAFTS
13. Rocker shaft in cylinder head bosses ............................................ Diameter: 0.003L
Rocker shaft in rocker arm bearing ................................................ Diameter: 0.0040L
14. Rocker arm bushing bore ........................................... Finish Bore Diameter: 0.8755
Rocker arm bushing (inside)....................................... Finish Bore Diameter: 0.7515
15. Rocker Arm.......................................................................... Side Clearance: 0.0350L
16. Intake valve in guide ....................................................................... Diameter: 0.0050L
17. Exhaust valve in guide ................................................................... Diameter: 0.0062L
18. Intake valve face (to stem axis) ............................................................ Angle: 60°-15'
19. Exhaust valve face (to stem axis)......................................................... Angle: 45°-30'
20. Intake valve face (gauge line) to stem............................................... Length: 4.714
21. Exhaust valve .................................................................................... Length: Replace 100%
APRIL 2001 19-35

SERVICE
REF. DESCRIPTION
LIMIT
22. Intake and exhaust valve seat-to-stem (full indicator reading).........Run-out: 0.0040
23. Rocker arm foot-to-valve stem (dry valve gear lash).................................... : 0.2000
PISTONS, RINGS AND PINS
24. Piston (bottom of skirt) in cylinder Diameter: 0.0110L
25. Top piston ring in groove Side Clearance: 0.006L
26. Second piston ring in groove Side Clearance; 0.006L
27. Third piston ring in groove ..................................................... Side Clearance: 0.0075L
28. Fourth piston ring in groove ................................................... Side Clearance: 0.0100L
29. Top ring gap at 1.00 ± .50 depth (in cylinder barrel)................................ Gap: 0.044
30. Second ring gap at 1.00 ± .50 depth (in cylinder barrel)...................... Gap: 0.050
31. Third ring gap at 1.00 ± .50 depth (in cylinder barrel).............................. Gap: 0.036
32. Fourth ring gap at 1.00 ± .50 depth (in cylinder barrel) ........................... Gap: 0.031
33. Piston pin in piston (standard or 0.005' oversize).............................Diameter: 0.0015L
34. Piston pin...........................................................................................Diameter: 1.1245
Piston pin (0.005 oversize) ...............................................................Diameter: 1.1295
35. Piston pin in cylinder ................................................................End Clearance: 0.090L
36. Piston pin in connecting rod bushing ................................................Diameter: 0.0040L
37. Bushing in connecting rod.................................................................Diameter: 0.0050T
38. Bolt in connecting rod........................................................................Diameter: 0.0018L
39. Connecting rod bearing on crankpin.................................................Diameter: 0.0060L
40. Connecting rod on crankpin .....................................................End Clearance: 0.0160
41. Connecting bearing and bushing twist or convergence per inch of length : 0.0010
42. Hydraulic tappet in crankcase...........................................................Diameter: 0.0035L
SPRING TEST DATA
43. Inner valve spring 631521 compressed to 1.230 in. length....................Load: 82 Lbs
Inner valve spring 631521 compressed to 1.746 in. length....................Load: 29 Lbs.
44. Outer valve spring 637837 compressed to 1.275 in. length...................Load: 118 Lbs.
Outer valve spring 637837 compressed to 1.791 in. length...................Load: 46 Lbs.
45. Installed outer valve spring ................................................................... Height: 1.791
NOTES: T=Tight L=Loose

Use .005" oversize rings.
Gap for second ring must be at least .006 larger than gap for top ring.
19-36 APRIL 2001

FIGURE 19-24. CYLINDER ASSEMBLY SERVICE LIMITS I0-550-A, B & C
APRIL 2001 19-37

FIGURE 19-25. CYLINDER DIMENSIONS I0-550-A, B & C
“D” DIAMETER “X” DIAMETER
SIZE
SERVICE LIMITS SERVICE LIMITS
MIN. MAX. MIN. MAX.
STD. 5.254 5.256 5.255 5.257
.005 5.259 5.261 5.260 5.262
.010 5.264 5.266 5.265 5.267
.015 5.269 5.271 5.270 5.272
NOTE…Dimensions shown are finish size after honing.
Cylinder bore out of round not to exceed (new) .002 (service) .003.
CAUTION...When performing dimensional inspection the following "Service Limits" may be used.
However, they are only intended as a guide for re-use when performing maintenance of the engine
prior to major overhaul. Parts with dimensions or fits that exceed service limits must not be re-used.
19-38 APRIL 2001

Parts with values up to and including service limits may be re-used, however, judgment should be
exercised considering the PROXIMITY of the engine to its
When performing cylinder assembly repairs prior to engine TBO the following dimensional limits may
be used.
CYLINDER ASSEMBLY SERVICE LIMITS IO-550-G, N, P & R

REF. DESCRIPTION SERVICE
LIMIT
CYLINDERS
1. Cylinder bore (lower 4-1/4" of barrel)...............................Diameter: See Figure
19-27
2. Cylinder bore choke (at 5.75" from open end of barrel) ........Taper: See Figure
19-27
3. Cylinder bore out-of-round..............................................................: 0.0020
4. Cylinder bore................................................ Allowable Oversize: See Figure
19-27
5. Cylinder bore surface roughness (Nitrided Barrels)
using 180 grit stone,, cross hatch..........................................Angle: 22° - 32°
Finish (in micro inches).............................................................. Ra: 30-50
6. Cylinder barrel in crankcase ............................................Diameter: 0.0100L
7. Intake valve seat insert in cylinder head..........................Diameter: 0.012T
8. Intake valve guide in cylinder head .................................Diameter: 0.0025T
9. Exhaust valve guide in cylinder head ..............................Diameter: 0.0030T
10. Exhaust valve seat insert in cylinder head ......................Diameter: 0.0100T
11. Intake valve seat .................................................................. Width: See Figure
19-27
12. Exhaust valve seat............................................................... Width: See Figure
19-27
Exhaust valve seat-to-valve axis ......................................... Angle: 45° - 00'
Intake valve seat-to-valve guide axis................................... Angle: 60° - 15'
ROCKER ARMS AND SHAFTS
13. Rocker Shaft in rocker arm bearing.................................Diameter: 0.0040L
14. Rocker arm bushing bore ................................................Diameter: 0.8755
Rocker arm bushing (inside)........................Finish Bore Diameter: 0.7515
15. Rocker arm............................................................Side Clearance: 0. 0150L
16. Intake valve in guide .......................................................Diameter: 0.0050L
17. Exhaust valve in guide ....................................................Diameter: 0.0062L
18. Intake valve face (to stem axis) .............................................Angle: 60° - 15'
19. Exhaust valve face (to stem axis)..........................................Angle: 45° - 30'
20. Intake valve face (gauge line) to stem................................Length: 4.714
21. Exhaust Valve ....................................................................Length: Replace 100%
APRIL 2001 19-39

SERVICE
REF. DESCRIPTION
LIMIT
22. Intake and exhaust valve seat-to-stem
(full indicator reading)........................................................Run-out: 0.0015
23. Rocker arm foot-to-valve stem (dry valve gear lash) ..................... : 0.0200
PISTONS, RINGS AND PINS
24. Piston (bottom of skirt) in cylinder Diameter: 0.0110L
25. Top piston ring in groove...................................... Side Clearance: 0.006L
26. Second piston ring in groove................................ Side Clearance: 0.006L
27. Third piston ring in groove.................................... Side Clearance: 0.0075L
28. Fourth piston ring in groove ................................. Side Clearance: 0.0100L
29. Top ring gap at 1.00 ± .50 depth (in cylinder barrel)...............Gap: 0.044
30. Second ring gap at 1.00 ± .50 depth (in cylinder barrel).....Gap: 0.050
31. Third ring gap at 1.00 ± .50 depth (in cylinder barrel).............Gap: 0.036
32. Fourth ring gap at 1.00 ± .50 depth (in cylinder barrel)...........Gap: 0.031
33. Piston pin in piston (standard or 0.005° oversize) .......... Diameter: 0.0013L
34. Piston Pin ........................................................................ Diameter: 1.1245
Piston pin (0.005° oversize) ............................................ Diameter: 1.1295
35. Piston pin in cylinder .............................................. End Clearance: 0.0480L
36. Piston pin in connecting rod bushing .............................. Diameter: 0.0040L
37. Bushing in connecting rod............................................... Diameter: 0.0050T
38. Bolt in connecting rod...................................................... Diameter: 0.0018L
39. Connecting rod bearing on crank pin .............................. Diameter: 0.0034L
40. Connecting rod on crank pin .................................. End Clearance: 0.0160L
41. Connecting rod and bushing twist or convergence,
per inch of length............................................................. Diameter: 0.001
42. Hydraulic tappet in crankcase ......................................... Diameter: 0.0035L
SPRING TEST DATA
43. Inner Valve spring 631521 compressed to 1.230 in. length ...Load:
87 Lbs.
Inner valve spring 631521 compressed to 1.746 in. length....Load:
32 Lbs.
44. Outer Valve spring 637837 compressed to 1.275 in. length ..Load:
126 Lbs.
Outer Valve spring 637837 compressed to 1.791 in. length ..Load:
49 Lbs.
45. Installed outer valve spring ..................................................Height: 1.791
NOTES: T=Tight L=Loose

Use .005" oversize rings.
Gap for second ring must be at least .006 larger than gap for top ring.
19-40 APRIL 1998

FIGURE 19-26. CYLINDER ASSEMBLY SERVICE LIMITS I0-550-G, N, P & R
APRIL 2001 19-41

FIGURE 19-27. CYLINDER DIMENSIONS I0-550-G, N, P & R
“D” DIAMETER “X” DIAMETER
SIZE
SERVICE LIMITS SERVICE LIMITS
MIN. MAX. MIN. MAX.
STD. 5.254 5.256 5.255 5.257
.005 5.259 5.261 5.260 5.262
.010 5.264 5.266 5.265 5.267
NOTE…Dimensions shown are finish size after honing.
Cylinder bore out of round not to exceed (new) .002 (service) .003.
Applies to cylinder part numbers 653452, 653454 or later revisions only.
19-42 APRIL 2001

CHAPTER 20
CRANKCASE
SECTION PAGE
20-1 Crankcase Description ........................................... 20-2
20-2 Crankcase Maintenance ......................................... 20-3
Crankcase Cracks .................................................. 20-3
Crankcase .............................................................. 20-4
Studs ...................................................................... 20-4
Engine Mounts........................................................ 20-5
Crankcase Separation ............................................ 20-5
Crankcase/Starter Needle Bearing Installation....... 20-5
FIGURE PAGE
20-1 Crankcase Description ........................................... 20-2
20-2 Inspection of Crankcase Non Critical Area ............. 20-3
20-3 Inspection of Crankcase Critical (White) and
Non Critical (Shaded) Areas ................................... 20-4
20-4 Crankcase Needle Bearing Installer ....................... 20-6
20-5 Modified Crankcase Needle Bearing Tool .............. 20-6
APRIL 1998 20-1

20-1 CRANKCASE DESCRIPTION
The crankcase is the foundation of the engine. It supports the crankshaft, camshaft, various
gears accessories, cylinders and various brackets. The crankcase provides a tight enclosure
and oil galleries for lubrication. The crankcase is sufficiently rigid and strong to prevent
misalignment of the crankshaft, camshaft and bearings. The crankcase is made of aluminum
alloy.
Two aluminum alloy castings are joined along the vertical center plane to form the complete
crankcase. The individual castings (with studs and inserts) will be referred to as the "left
crankcase" and "right crankcase" throughout this chapter.
Bosses molded in the crankcase castings are line bored in the assembled castings to form
bearings for the camshaft and saddles for precision crankshaft main bearing inserts. Guides
are bored through lateral bosses for hydraulic tappets and on the left crankcase half for the
governor drive gear shaft. A needle bearing bore is located on the right crankcase half at the
rear main bearing saddle for the starter adapter needle bearing.
Cylinder mounting pads on the left crankcase are farther forward than the corresponding
pads on the right crankcase to permit each connecting rod to work on a separate crankpin.
There are seven studs and two through bolts for attaching cylinder base flanges. The
propeller governor mount pad is located on the left hand lower front corner of the left case
half. On the right permold crankcase an alternator pad is located at the front ahead of the #5
cylinder mount pad.
The crankcase interior is ventilated by a breather that is part of the oil filler neck inserted into
the left crankcase half in a machined hole between the #2 and #4 cylinders .
FIGURE 20-1. CRANKCASE DESCRIPTION
20-2 APRIL 1998

20-2 CRANKCASE MAINTENANCE
CAUTION...Repair of the crankcase must be performed by repair facilities certified to perform
specialized crankcase repairs.
WARNING
Weld repairs must not be performed in the critical (white) areas of the
crankcase as shown in Figure 20-3.
TCM has established that welding of the crankcase is an acceptable repair process. The
weld procedure must conform with approved TCM repair standards and the dimensional
integrity of the crankcase must be maintained.
Crankcase Cracks
Critical (white) and non-critical (shaded) areas are illustrated in Figure 20-3. If a crack is
observed in any of the non-critical (shaded) areas that is less than two (2) inches in length,
the crack should be scribe marked at its extremities and re-inspected for crack progression at
the next 50 hours of operation. If no progression is observed and no additional cracks are
found, continue to inspect at regular intervals not to exceed 100 hours duration.
If a crack is observed in any non-critical (shaded) area that is more than two (2) inches in
length, or if a previously observed crack has progressed to two (2) or more inches in length,
repair or replace the crankcase prior to further flight. If any crack is observed in a critical
(white) area, repair or replace the crankcase or engine prior to further flight.
Reasons for crankcase replacement:

1. Any crack in the critical (white) areas.
2. Any crack two (2) inches or more in length in the non-critical (shaded) area.
3. Any crack that is leaking oil (not seeping) .
FIGURE 20-2. INSPECTION OF CRANKCASE NON CRITICAL AREA
APRIL 2001 20-3

FIGURE 20-3. INSPECTION OF CRANKCASE CRITICAL (WHITE) AND
NON CRITICAL (SHADED) AREAS
Crankcase
Leaking gaskets must be replaced. Remove component, replace gasket and re-install
component in accordance with applicable system or component section in the I0-550
Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A. Exercise judgment as to the extent of
disassembly required. During reassembly, insure that all reinstalled components are properly
torqued and safetied.
Studs
The replacement of crankcase studs or helical coils will require component removal and
replacement in accordance with the applicable component system section in the I0-550
Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A. During reassembly, insure that all
reinstalled components are properly torqued and safetied .
20-4 APRIL 1998

Engine Mounts
Replace engine shock mounts in accordance with the airframe manufacturer's instructions.
Replace any cracked or broken engine mounts in accordance with in the I0-550 Permold
Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
CAUTION...When relieving engine weight from the airframe, the engine hoist must be
attached to the engine lifting eyes only.
NOTE...Place a support at the load bearing area of aircraft tail to prevent damage to the
airframe.
Crankcase Separation
If the crankcase halves must be separated, remove the engine from airframe in accordance
with the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A and the airframe
manufacturer's instructions.. Engine disassembly, cleaning, inspection, repair, replacement
and assembly must be accomplished in accordance with the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul
Manual, Form X30568A.
NOTE...Exercise judgment in determining how far systems and components should be

disassembled.
Any maintenance of engine systems and components removed from engine must be
performed in accordance with that particular system or component chapter of this manual.
CAUTION...Dimensional inspection of the crankcase and crankcase internal components

must be performed in accordance with the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form
X30568A. Prior to dimensional inspection, insure that the part conforms with all visual,
fluorescent penetrant, magnetic particle or ultrasonic inspection requirements.
All crankcase repairs must be performed in accordance with the I0-550 Permold Series
Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A. Any non TCM supplied accessory that was disassembled
for maintenance must be re-assembled in accordance with the applicable accessory
manufacturer's instructions. Any maintenance involving crankcase separation will require an
acceptance test, oil consumption determination, reinstallation in airframe and test flight in
accordance with the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form X30568A.
Crankcase/Starter Needle Bearing Installation

If a new crankcase needle bearing has to be installed in the engine prior to overhaul, use a
modified needle bearing tool and fixture shown in Figures 20-4 and 20-5 on the following
page. Replace the needle bearing in accordance with the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul
Manual, Form X30568A .
APRIL 1998 20-5

FIGURE 20-4. CRANKCASE NEEDLE BEARING INSTALLER
FIGURE 20-5. MODIFIED CRANKCASE NEEDLE BEARING TOOL
20-6 APRIL 1998

CHAPTER 21
ENGINE DRIVE TRAIN
SECTION PAGE
21-1 Engine Drive Train Description ...................................... 21-2
Crankshaft Description .............................................. 21-4
Connecting Rod Description ...................................... 21-5
Camshaft Description ................................................ 21-6
Idler Gear Description................................................ 21-6
21-2 Engine Drive Train Maintenance.................................... 21-7
Crankshaft Nose Oil Seal .......................................... 21-7
Engine Drive Train Component Removal .................. 21-9
FIGURE PAGE
21-1 Engine Drive Train Description ...................................... 21-3
21-2 Crankshaft Description................................................... 21-4
21-3 Connecting Rod Description .......................................... 21-5
21-4 Camshaft Description..................................................... 21-6
21-5 Idler Gear Description .................................................... 21-6
21-6 Helix Pattern Application ................................................ 21-7
21-7 Crankshaft Oil Seal ........................................................ 21-8
APRIL 1998 21-1

21-1 Engine Drive Train Description
When starting engine, torque is transmitted from the starter (13) through starter adapter
components (14 through 19) to crankshaft gear (1). As worm-wheel (17) is turned, the spring
mounted on its hub, is tightened to grip the shaftgear (18) drum. After engine is started the
spring returns to its normal position releasing the shaftgear and disengaging the starter.
Torque is transmitted to the alternator by a face gear (21) mounted on the crankshaft.
Torque from the crankshaft (2) is transmitted by the crankshaft gear (1) directly to the idler
gear (10) and the camshaft gear (3).
The idler gear, rotating in a counterclockwise direction, drives the magneto drive gears (11,
12 ). Optional accessories mounted on the crankcase upper rear are driven by internal
splines of magneto drive gears.
The fuel pump coupling is driven directly from the crankshaft gear (1). The splined end of the
oil pump drive gear (8) mates with the internal splines of the camshaft gear and transmits
torque to the oil pump driven gear (9). The governor drive bevel gear (6) is keyed to the
camshaft (4) and meshes with and drives the governor drive bevel gear (7).
Shown below are the accessory gear to crankshaft gear drive ratios. The item numbers
correspond with those shown in Figure 21-1, "Engine Drive Train Description. "
ITEM DESCRIPTION GEAR RATIO

1. Crankshafts Gears ................................................ 1:1
2. Crankshaft............................................................. 1
3. Camshaft Gear...................................................... 1:0.5
4. Camshaft............................................................... 1:0.5
5. Hydraulic Tappet ................................................... —
6. Governor Drive Bevel Gear................................... 1:0.5
7. Governor Driven Bevel Gear................................. 1:1
8. Oil Pump Drive Shaftgear ..................................... 1:0.5
9. Oil Pump Driven Gear ........................................... 1:0.5
10. Idler Gear Assembly.............................................. 1:0.652
11. Right Magneto Drive Gear .................................... 1:1.5
12. Left Magneto Drive Gear....................................... 1:1.5
13. Starter ................................................................... 48:1
14. Starter Coupling .................................................... —
15. Worm Drive Shaft.................................................. 48:1
16. Starter Worm Gear................................................ 48:1
17. Starter Worm Wheel.............................................. 3:1
18. Starter Shaftgear................................................... 3:1
19. Alternator............................................................... 3:1
20. Alternator Driven Gear .......................................... 3:1
21. Alternator Drive Gear ............................................ 1:1
21-2 APRIL 1998

FIGURE 21-1. ENGINE DRIVE TRAIN DESCRIPTION
21-3
Crankshaft Description
The crankshaft is made of aircraft quality steel. The crankshaft has five, machined, main
journals which rotate on the bearings in the crankcase. Six, machined, rod journals provide
for attachment of the connecting rod assemblies.
The following shows the method of numbering the crankshaft main journals, connecting rod
journals and crankshaft cheeks which are identified by letters and location numbers.
The method of numbering the crankshaft journals and cheeks is illustrated in Figure 21-2.
Main journals, rod journals, and crankshaft cheeks are identified by letters and location
numbers.
(a) Main Journal - M.J.
(b) Rod Journal - R.J.
(c) Crankshaft Cheek - C.C.
Counterweights are supplied in matched pairs with the bushings installed. This is necessary
to insure that their weight difference does not exceed 2 grams.
The counterweight order number designates the vibration order the counterweight is
absorbing. If a vibration occurs six times per revolution, the counterweight which has been
tuned to counteract this frequency of vibration is a 6th order counterweight. Similarly, if a
vibration occurs five times per revolution, the counteracting counterweight is a 5th order
counterweight.
Two sixth order counterweights are installed on the #2 cheek hangers. The #5 cheek
hangers support one fifth and one fourth order counterweight. It does not matter on which
side of a cheek a particular counterweight is installed.
The crankshaft gear is heated prior to installation to obtain a shrink fit. The gear is positioned
on the crankshaft by a dowel pin The crankshaft gear incorporates a square drive hole that
accepts the square drive fuel pump coupling providing a direct drive for the fuel pump. The
gear also has a timing mark to provide a means of insuring correct crankshaft to camshaft
timing.
The alternator drive gear, is attached to the flange just behind the #5 main journal location at
the front of the crankshaft and is secured by four bolts and lockplates.
FIGURE 21-2. CRANKSHAFT DESCRIPTION
21-4 APRIL 1998

A neoprene oil seal, which is stretched over the crankshaft flange, and a split retainer ring
are seated between the crankcase castings in the front shaft exit area and is sealed to the
crankshaft by a helical spring inside the seal's cavity.
Connecting Rod Description

The connecting rods are made of aircraft quality steel. The plain type connecting rod large
diameter end, which attaches to the crankshaft crankpin or rod journal, is fitted with a cap
and two (2)- piece bearing. The bearing cap is held to the main rod by special bolts and nuts.
The portion of the rod between the crankpin and piston pin ends is called the "I" beam. A split
steel backed bronze bushing is pressed into the piston pin end and machined for a precision
pin to bushing fit. Weight variation of connecting rods between opposing bays, Example: #5
and #6 connecting rods, is limited to 1/2 ounce or 14.175 grams.
FIGURE 21-3. CONNECTING ROD DESCRIPTION
21-5
Camshaft Description
The camshaft is made of aircraft quality steel. The forging is machined on four (4) main
journals, nine cam lobes and the gear mount flange at the rear of the camshaft. The main
journals ride within the crankcase camshaft bores. The hydraulic tappet movement inward
and outward in their bores is caused by the eccentric shape of the cam lobes. The lobes and
journals are ground and hardened. Movement of the tappets open and close the intake and
exhaust valves within the cylinder head by mechanical linkage of the pushrods and rocker
arms. The valves opening and closing is synchronized with piston position due to timing of
the camshaft and crankshaft gears. Four unequally spaced bolts retaining the gear to the
camshaft insure proper positioning, locating the gear’s timing mark in relation to the cam
lobes. The camshaft gear incorporates a splined drive for driving the engine oil pump. A front
mounted bevel gear drives the prop governor bevel gear.
FIGURE 21-4. CAMSHAFT DESCRIPTION
Idler Gear Description

The idler gear support pin supports the idler gear. The bushing in the crankcase supports the
forward part of the idler gear support pin shaft. The idler gear is driven directly by the
crankshaft. The idler gear drives the left and right magneto accessory drive gears.
FIGURE 21-5. IDLER GEAR DESCRIPTION
21-6 APRIL 1998

21-2 Engine Drive Train Maintenance
Crankshaft Nose Oil Seal
The crankshaft nose oil seal may be replaced according to the following instructions:
WARNING
To prevent starting of engine before moving the crankshaft accomplish the
following:
b. Verify magneto switches are connected to magnetos, that they are in the
"OFF" Position and "P" leads are grounded.
e. Set brakes and block aircraft wheels.
f. Insure that aircraft tie-downs are installed and verify that the cabin door
latch is open.
g. Do not stand within the arc of the propeller blades while turning the
propeller.
Preparation
1. Remove oil seal.
2. Clean surfaces thoroughly making certain that no debris remains on the shaft or in the
seal counterbore. Wash seal area with solvent.
3. Remove any plating in the one inch area shown in Figure 21-6, "Helix Pattern
Application." Remove plating by working a piece of very fine emery cloth back and forth
around the shaft. This should blend the finish uniformly without leaving any lines
(scratches).-
1. See Figure 21-6, "Helix Pattern Application." Apply helix using a strip of 180 grit emery
cloth approximately one half inch wide. Do approximately one quarter of the surface
indicated at a time, stroking the cloth outward toward the propeller flange in the direction
of rotation (CCW) towards you using maximum hand pressure. Reverse direction for left
hand rotating engines. This should result in a 30° pattern similar to that illustrated in
Figure 21-6, "Helix Pattern Application." After doing the first portion rotate crankshaft by
hand to make next portion available. Apply the same pattern again and continue
completely around the crankshaft in this manner.
2. Repeat cleaning operation.
FIGURE 21-6. HELIX PATTERN APPLICATION
APRIL 2001 21-7

FIGURE 21-7. CRANKSHAFT OIL SEAL
Oil Seal Installation

1. Use the specified oil seal assembly only. Check the spring length. It should be 7 - 53/64"
+0” -1/32" in length. See Figure 21-7, "Crankshaft Oil Seal."
2. Remove spring and reinforcing ring from oil seal. Unhook spring ends using an unwinding
motion. Place spring around crankshaft in oil seal area and turn spring ends in an
unwinding direction the join and allow one end to wind into the other end.
3. Apply Alvania ™ (Shell #2) to lip of oil seal and prop flange only. Squeeze oil seal until egg
shaped and start over flange. A special tool P/N5209 is available from Kent Moore to assist
in oil seal installation. After oil seal is on shaft wipe all grease from oil seal and shaft. The oil
seal outside diameter must be clean and dry before installation in the crankcase. Press the
reinforcing spring into the oil seal recess by moving fingers in both directions from split.
Insure spring is in deepest part of recess all the way around.
4. Apply a thin coat of Permatex to outside diameter of seal.
5. Using thumb pressure, work seal into crankcase counterbore.
6. After seal is in place, wipe oil from seal and shaft.
7. Spray exposed portion, from which plating has been removed, with aluminum primer.
8. Apply Loctite 271 to oil seal retainer screws. Apply Loctite Primer 7471 to crankcase oil seal
retainer screw holes. Install crankshaft oil seal retainer plates and secure with screws.
Torque screws to 21-25 inch pounds.
21-8 APRIL 1998

Engine Drive Train Component Removal
If all other probabilities have been evaluated and it is determined a malfunction is occurring
with internal engine components, the engine must be removed from the airframe and
disassembled in accordance with the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form
X30568A and the airframe manufacturer's instructions.
CAUTION...When relieving engine weight from the airframe, the engine hoist must be
attached to the engine lifting eyes only.
NOTE...Place a support at the load bearing area of airframe tail to prevent damage to the
airframe.
NOTE...Exercise judgment in determining the extent of disassembly.
Maintenance of removed engine systems and components must be performed in accordance
with that particular system or component section of this manual.
CAUTlON...Dimensional inspection of the crankcase and crankcase internal components
must be performed in accordance with the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form
X30568A. Prior to dimensional inspection, insure that the part conforms with all visual,
fluorescent penetrant, magnetic particle or ultrasonic inspection requirements.
NOTE...When the engine has been disassembled a complete visual, dimensional and non
destructive test inspection must be performed on all components prior to re-assembly.
Engine disassembly, cleaning, inspection, repair, replacement, assembly and test must be
accomplished in accordance with the I0-550 Permold Series Overhaul Manual, Form
X30568A.
APRIL 1998 21-9

INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
21-10
CHAPTER 22
POST MAINTENANCE ADJUSTMENT AND TEST
Section Page
22-1 Testing After Maintenance ..................................................22-2
22-2 Oil Pressure Adjustment .....................................................22-2
22-3 Fuel System Adjustment .....................................................22-3
22-4 Test Flight ...........................................................................22-30
Figure Page
22-1 Oil Pressure Adjustment .....................................................22-2
22-2 Throttle, Fuel Control and Metering Unit Adjustment ..........22-5
22-3 Fuel Pump Adjustment........................................................22-8
22-4 Sea Level Performance Curve I0-550-A .............................22-11
22-5 Fuel Flow VS. Observed Brake Horsepower I0-550-A........22-12
22-6 Fuel Flow VS. Metered Pressure I0-550-A .........................22-13
22-7 Auto Leaning Schedule I0-550-A ........................................22-14
22-8 Sea Level Performance Curve I0-550-B .............................22-15
22-9 Fuel Flow VS. Observed Brake Horsepower I0-550-B........22-16
22-10 Fuel Flow VS. Metered Pressure I0-550-B .........................22-17
22-11 Auto Leaning Schedule I0-550-B ........................................22-18
22-12 Sea Level Performance Curve I0-550-C .............................22-19
22-13 Fuel Flow VS. Observed Brake Horsepower I0-550-C .......22-20
22-14 Fuel Flow VS. Metered Pressure I0-550-C .........................22-21
22-15 Auto Leaning Schedule I0-550-C ........................................22-22
22-16 Constant Speed Sea Level Performance Curve I0-550-G ..22-23
22-17 Fuel Flow VS. Observed Brake Horsepower I0-550-G .......22-24
22-18 Fuel Flow VS. Metered Pressure I0-550-G .........................22-25
22-19 Constant Speed Sea Level Performance Curve I0-550-N ..22-26
22-20 Fuel Flow VS. Observed Brake Horsepower I0-550-N .......22-27
22-21 Fuel Flow VS. Metered Pressure I0-550-N .........................22-28
Table Page
22-1 Compensation Table For Static Ground Setup ...................22-10
22-2 Altitude Fuel Schedule I0-550-A .........................................22-31
22-3 Altitude Fuel Schedule I0-550-B .........................................22-32
22-4 Altitude Fuel Schedule I0-550-C .........................................22-32
APRIL 2001 22-1

22-1 TESTING AFTER MAINTENANCE
Servicing With Fluids
See Chapter 7 and insure that the engine has been properly serviced with the specified oil. The
aircraft must be serviced with the specified fuel in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s
instructions. See Chapter 7 for fuel specification.
Post Maintenance Operational Test

The engine must have an operational inspection performed in accordance with Chapter 5.
NOTE...If engine has had a new cylinder or cylinders and piston rings installed, start the engine in
accordance with the airframe manufacturer's Airplane Flight Manual (AFM.) Operate the engine
at 750 RPM for one minute, gradually increasing RPM to 1000 RPM in three minutes.
Check the magneto circuit for proper grounding prior to a normal shut-down. Allow the engine to
cool adequately and make a visual inspection for any irregularities. If engine exhibits any
irregularities, return to the applicable Chapter to correct the discrepancy. All discrepancies must
be corrected prior to operational test and engine adjustment.
After the operational inspection, if any engine system requires adjustment proceed with the
following:
22-2 OIL PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT
Prepare the aircraft for ground run and start the engine in accordance with the aircraft
The oil pressure adjusting screw is turned clockwise to increase oil pressure and
counterclockwise to decrease oil pressure. With normal operating oil temperature, adjust oil
pressure to 30-60 pounds per square inch normal operation. Torque locknut and safety as
required .
FIGURE 22-1. OIL PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT
22-2 APRIL 1998

22-3 Fuel System Adjustment
WARNING
The procedures and values provided apply to TCM fuel injected engines that
have not been modified from their type design. Refer to supplemental type
certificate (STC) holder information and instructions for aircraft and engines
that have been modified.
CAUTION...Engine performance, service life and reliability will be compromised if the
engine's fuel injection system is neglected.
The following adjustment procedures are presented in a sequential format that must be
followed to insure proper fuel system adjustment. Reference the applicable Aircraft
Maintenance Manual for detailed fuel system adjustment and maintenance procedures.
Any fuel system that can not be adjusted to meet the specified values will require repair or
replacement of the affected components prior to further engine operation.
CAUTION...Refer to Chapter 13, Tables 1 and 2 for specified values when torquing all hose
connections and fittings.
Adjustment Tools And Equipment Required
A complete set of tools and test equipment is essential for correct setup of TCM fuel injection
systems. Various combinations of these tools and equipment will be used, depending on the
engine model. A proper inventory of tools and equipment for fuel system adjustment will
include the following:
1. TCM recommends the Model 20 ATM - C Porta Test Unit P/N 630045-20 ATM-C or
equivalent to insure the fuel injection system meets all pressure and flow specifications.
An alternative procedure would be to use calibrated gauges. You may acquire a
Model 20 ATM-C Porta Test Unit by contacting the following company:
AERO TEST, Inc.
29300 Goddard Road
Romulus, Michigan 48174
(734) 946-7777
a. One (1) calibrated 0-60 PSI gauge, graduated in 1 PSI increments. This gauge will be
used for unmetered pressure measurement.
b. One (1) calibrated 0-30 PSI gauge, graduated in 1 PSI (maximum) increments. This
gauge will be used for metered pressure measurements and verification of aircraft
fuel flow gauge indications.
APRIL 2001 22-3

2. Two (2) P/N MS51523-B4 swivel tee. These fittings will be used to tee into fuel lines for
unmetered and metered pressure reference.
3. Hoses of appropriate diameters and sufficient lengths to keep personnel and equipment
away from propeller arc area.
4. Common hand tools including: 7/8”, 11/16”, 9/16”, 1/2”, 3/8”, 7/16”, 11/32”, and 5/16”
wrenches. A 1/4” drive: ratchet and sockets, universal swivel, extension and a 5/32” allen
wrench, common screw driver, a calibrated torque wrench, an oil can, mirror and
flashlight. Safety equipment including hearing and eye protection.
5. Tachometer verification instrument - various types are available. Verify aircraft
tachometer accuracy prior to fuel system adjustment.
Pre-Setup Procedures
1. Prior to any checks or adjustments, verify the accuracy of the tachometer, manifold
pressure gauge and fuel flow gauge. Any gauge found to be inaccurate must be repaired
or replaced prior to adjusting the fuel system.
WARNING
Use of inaccurate gauges will result in incorrect adjustment of the engine fuel
system, possible cylinder wear due to lean operation, pre-ignition, detonation,
overheating, loss of power and severe engine damage.
2. Insure that all fuel system components are of the correct part number and installed
properly. Correct any discrepancies noted.
3. Remove, inspect, clean and reinstall the aircraft and engine fuel screens in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
4. Inspect the aircraft induction air filter and alternate air system for condition, operation and
cleanliness. Repair or replace any component that is not operating properly in
accordance with the airframe manufacturer's instructions.
5. Inspect the aircraft vapor return system for proper operation in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions. Correct any discrepancies noted.
6. Insure the fuel manifold valve vent and fuel pump drain lines are properly installed, open
and free of obstruction. Correct any discrepancies noted.
7. Inspect all engine control rod ends for wear, freedom of movement, proper installation
and security in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's instructions. Correct any
discrepancies noted .
22-4 APRIL 1998

8. Insure all engine controls operate freely throughout their full range of travel and are
properly adjusted in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's instructions.
9. Lubricate all control rod ends and fuel system components in accordance with Chapter
13 of this manual and the aircraft manufacturer’s instructions.
WARNING
Failure to correctly install and maintain engine controls can result in loss of
system control and engine power.
10. Inspect the exhaust and induction systems for proper installation, security and leaks.
Correct any discrepancies noted.
11. Inspect all lines, hoses and wire bundles for chafing, loose connections, leaks and stains.
Correct any discrepancies noted .
INLET SCREEN
FUEL INLET
FITTING IDLE MIXTURE
THROTTLE (UNMETERED ADJUSTMENT
LEVER PRESSURE) CW = ENRICH IDLE MIXTURE IDLE RPM
ADJUSTMENT ADJUSTMENT
CW = LEAN CW = INCREASE
CCW = ENRICH CCW = DECREASE
FUEL OUTLET
MIXTURE (METERED
LEVER PRESSURE) IDLE SPEED STOP
SCREW FUEL OUTLET FUEL INLET
FUEL RETURN CW = INCREASE (METERED PRESSURE) (UNMETERED PRESSURE)
(TO FUEL PUMP)
I0-550-A, B & C I0-550-G, N, P & R
FIGURE 22-2. THROTTLE, FUEL CONTROL AND METERING UNIT ADJUSTMENTS
APRIL 2001 22-5

Setup Procedures
1. Locate the IDLE speed stop screw on the throttle body and turn it counter-clockwise two
complete turns. See Figure 22-2. During fuel system adjustment, IDLE RPM will be
controlled manually using the cockpit throttle control.
WARNING
During removal and installation of fuel lines and hoses, failure to properly
support component fittings can result in fitting and/or component damage and
loss of system pressure. See Chapter 9, “Standard Practices.”
2. Loosen and remove the unmetered fuel supply hose from either the fuel pump outlet
fitting or the fuel metering unit inlet fitting, whichever is most accessible.
3. Install and torque the MS51523-B4 swivel tee directly to the fuel pump outlet fitting or to
the fuel metering unit inlet fitting as applicable.
NOTE...Installation may require combinations of different fittings and hoses to facilitate

installation of unmetered and metered test equipment connections.
4. Attach the unmetered fuel supply hose to the straight end of the tee connector and
torque.
5. Connect the Unmetered test hose from the Porta Test Unit to the tee fitting and torque. If
using the alternative procedure, connect the 0-60 PSI gauge to the swivel tee using a
length of hose which will provide proper clearance from the engine cowling and propeller
arc. Torque all connections.
6. Loosen and remove the metered fuel supply hose from the manifold valve inlet fitting.
7. Install and torque the second MS51523-B4 swivel tee directly to the fuel manifold valve
inlet fitting.
8. Attach the metered fuel supply hose to the straight end of the tee connector and torque.
9. Connect the metered pressure test hose from the Porta Test Unit to this second tee
connector and torque. If using the alternative procedure, connect the 0-30 PSI gauge to
the swivel tee using a hose long enough to provide proper clearance from the engine
cowling and propeller arc. Torque all connections.
10. Position the throttle control in the FULL OPEN position and the mixture control to FULL
RICH. Operate the aircraft boost pump in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's
instructions. Following the instructions provided with the Porta Test Unit, bleed all air
from the test unit and hoses. If using the alternative calibrated test gauges, loosen the
test connections at each gauge to bleed the lines of any air. Operate the boost pump
only long enough to allow purging of air from the installed test equipment. Verify that all
fuel lines, hoses and fittings are secured and torqued and that no fuel leaks exist before
proceeding. Insure test hoses have been routed clear of the exhaust system and are
supported their entire length to preclude inaccurate gauge readings.
22-6 APRIL 1998

WARNING
Make certain all fuel has drained from the induction system and properly
disposed of prior to attempting engine start. Failure to do so could cause
hydraulic lock and subsequent engine failure .
11. Install the engine cowling or cooling shroud during ground operation.
12. The Operational Test Form on page 22-29 may be reproduced for use in recording
adjustments and test indications. Record the applicable IDLE and FULL POWER
adjustment points: RPM, fuel pressure, fuel flows, manifold pressure and fuel/air mixture
rise from “Test Operating Limits” in Chapter 5 and Aircraft Maintenance Manual on the
operational test form. See pages 22-11 through 22-28 of this chapter for:
a. Constant Speed Sea Level Performance Curve

b. Fuel Flow Vs. Brake Horsepower Performance Curve
c. Fuel Flow Vs. Metered Pressure Performance Curve
WARNING
Before starting the engine insure that the aircraft wheels are chocked and
brakes are set.
13. Prepare the aircraft for ground run and start the engine in accordance with the aircraft
14. Advance the throttle to 1500 to 1800 RPM. While monitoring all engine gauges, operate
the engine at this speed until the engine temperatures and pressures have stabilized in
the operational range. Use the operational test form to record the gauge indications.
15. With the mixture control in the FULL RICH position, reduce the throttle to the specified
IDLE RPM. Record the unmetered pressure indicated on the gauge. Slowly move the
mixture control toward the IDLE CUT-OFF position and record the maximum RPM rise.
Return the mixture control to FULL RICH.
16. Monitoring all engine gauges, slowly advance the throttle control to full rated power for
the engine and allow the engine to stabilize for 15 seconds. Record all engine and test
gauge indications. DO NOT ALLOW ENGINE TEMPERATURES TO EXCEED 420°F
CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE AND 210°F OIL TEMP. Retard throttle control to
800 to 1000 RPM.
NOTE… Engine driven fuel pump output pressures vary with engine RPM. If the engine will
not achieve full power rpm during static ground operational test run use Table 22-1 to correct
the metered fuel pressure specification for the actual rpm achieved.
NOTE…Insure that all engine and aircraft systems are adjusted and functioning properly
before making any adjustment to the fuel system.
17. Compare the recorded IDLE fuel pressure, IDLE RPM fuel/air mixture rise and full power
RPM, manifold pressure (as applicable), unmetered fuel pressure, metered fuel pressure
and fuel flow indications with the specified values recorded on the operational test form. If
all recorded values are within specifications, proceed to paragraph 22 .
APRIL 1998 22-7

FIGURE 22-3. FUEL PUMP ADJUSTMENTS
18. If any of the recorded readings are not within specifications, the fuel system will require
complete adjustment. ALL READINGS MUST BE TAKEN WITH MIXTURE CONTROL
IN THE FULL RICH POSITION. Install the engine cowling or cooling shroud during all
ground operation.
NOTE...Insure that the manifold pressure is adjusted in accordance with the aircraft
WARNING
Make all adjustments with the engine stopped and the ignition and master
switches in the off position !
19. To adjust the IDLE RPM unmetered pump pressure, loosen the lock nut on the low
pressure relief valve. See Figure 22-3. Turning the adjustment clockwise (CW) will
increase pressure and counterclockwise (CCW) will decrease pressure. Operate the
engine at 1500 - 1800 RPM for 15 seconds after each adjustment, then retard the throttle
to the specified IDLE RPM. Repeat this step until pressure is within specified limits.
NOTE...It is desirable to set IDLE RPM unmetered pump pressure to the minimum limit.
With properly adjusted fuel/air mixture, this will provide a slight fuel enrichment during part
throttle operations .
20. With engine operating at the specified IDLE RPM and unmetered fuel pressure, slowly
move the mixture control from the FULL RICH position toward IDLE CUT-OFF to check
22-8 APRIL 2001
fuel/air mixture. A rise of 25 to 50 RPM should be obtained. An RPM change greater
than 50 indicates the mixture is too rich and a change that is less than 25 indicates the
mixture is too lean. Any mixture conditions that are too rich or too lean will be adjusted
as follows:
a) Adjust idle mixture in accordance with Figure 22-2, “Throttle and Fuel Metering
Adjustments.”
b) Perform an IDLE fuel/air mixture check and observe RPM rise. If the RPM rise is not
within specifications, advance the throttle control to 1500 - 1800 RPM for 15 seconds
after each adjustment to clear the engine. Retard the throttle control to IDLE RPM
and repeat mixture check. Make the necessary adjustment. Repeat this procedure
until the specified RPM rise is achieved.
c) Recheck IDLE RPM unmetered pump pressure. If pressure in not within limits,
repeat Steps 18, 19, 19-a and 19-b before continuing.
21. See Chapter 5 “Test Operating Limits.” Adjust the full power fuel flow to the specified
value by turning the adjustable orifice screw clockwise to increase fuel flow and
counterclockwise to decrease fuel flow. See Figure 22-3 for fuel pump adjustments.
22. When full power fuel flow has been adjusted to the specified values, recheck the IDLE
RPM unmetered fuel pressure and fuel/air mixture. If any values are not within specified
limits, repeat the adjustment procedures.
23. With the fuel system set to the specified pressure and flow values, set the IDLE RPM to
the specified value by turning the Idle Speed Stop screw clockwise to increase RPM and
counterclockwise to decrease RPM. See Figure 22-2 and Chapter 5, “Test Operating
Limits.”
Post Setup Procedures

1. Insure that the master switch, ignition switch and fuel selector are in the off position.
2. Remove the engine cowling or cooling shroud in accordance with the aircraft
manufacturer's instructions. Remove all test gauges, fittings and hoses that were
installed for fuel system setup. Reconnect all fuel hoses to their original locations,
support and torque all fittings to the specified value.
3. Perform a complete fuel system leak check in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer’s
instructions. Correct any discrepancies noted.
4. Install engine cowling or cooling shroud in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's
instructions.
5. Perform a complete operational ground run-up and verify that all fuel system performance
specifications are achieved .
6. Repeat the setup and adjustments as required until the fuel injection system is
performing within the published specification for the aircraft and engine .
Table 22-1. Compensation Table For Static Ground Setup
APRIL 1998 22-9

Metered Pressure Vs. RPM @ 70°F Fuel Temperature
Corrected Metered
Static Engine RPM Correction Factor Pressure
(Metered Pressure
x Correction Factor)
Rated RPM 1
-20 0.991
-40 0.982
-60 0.973
-80 0.964
-100 0.955
-120 0.946
NOTE: All values are approximate. Variations may be noticed due to engine and
installation specific influences.
Example: I0-550-B, Maximum Rated RPM = 2700

Metered Fuel Pressure Limits = 16.5 - 18.4
If maximum static engine RPM = 2640, (-60 RPM) use Correction Factor 0.973
Metered Fuel Pressure Limits x Correction Factor = Corrected Metered
Pressure Limits
16.5 x 0.973 = 16.0545 (Minimum Metered Pressure Limit) @ 2640 RPM
18.4 x 0.973 = 17.9032 (Maximum Metered Pressure Limit) @ 2640 RPM
22-10 APRIL 1998

FULL THROTTLE HORSEPOWER
AT ZERO RAM
300 300
280 280
M
0 RP
260 0 260
27 RPM
00
25
240 M 240
RP
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
00
23
220 220
M
200 0 RP 200
21 0
180 180
PM
00R
160 19 160
140 140
120 120
100 100
80 80
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ABSOLUTE DRY MANIFOLD PRESSURE IN. HG.
FIGURE 22-4. SEA LEVEL PERFORMANCE IO-550-A
APRIL 1998 22-11

IO-550-A FUEL FLOW VS. BRAKE HORSEPOWER
160
22-12 APRIL 1998

150
140
TS
130
LIMI
H
RIC 120
LL
FU
110
Best Power
Mixture 100
90
FUEL FLOW LBS./HR.
Peak EGT Mixture

Best Economy Mixture 80
78% 25 - 50o F Lean of Peak
EGT
70
65% 75%
60
55%
45% 50
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
FIGURE 22-5. FUEL FLOW VS. OBSERVED BRAKE HORSEPOWER IO-550-A

BRAKE HORSEPOWER
IO-550-A METERED FUEL PRESSURE VS. FUEL FLOW
24 Note: this data is approximate with 24

Fuel pressure gauge at same elevation
As manifold valve and without influence
22 of differential fuel head in gauge line. 22
20 20
18 18
16 16
14 14
12 12
Nominal
10 10
tolerance + .3 psi
8 8
METERED FUEL PRESSURE (PSI)
6 6
4 4
FIGURE 22-6. FUEL FLOW VS. METERED PRESSURE IO-550-A

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
FUEL FLOW LBS. / HR.
APRIL 1998 22-13

Altitude Leaning Chart - IO-550-A Full Rich, 2700 RPM
160
22-14 APRIL 1998

150
140
130
Fuel Flow (pph)

120
110
100
FIGURE 22-7. AUTO LEANING SCHEDULE IO-550-A

90
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000
Pressure Altitude (feet)

AT ZERO RAM
300 300
280 280
M
0 RP
260 0 260
27 RPM
00
25
240 240
PM
0R
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
0
23
220 220
PM
200 1 00R 200
2
180 180
M
RP
00
160 19 160
140 140
120 120
100 100
80 80
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
FIGURE 22-8. SEA LEVEL PERFORMANCE IO-550-B
APRIL 1998 22-15

IO-550-B FUEL FLOW VS. BRAKE HORSEPOWER
160
22-16 APRIL 1998

150
140
TS 130
LIMI
H
RIC
LL 120
FU
Best Power
Mixture 110
100
90
FUEL FLOW LBS./HR.
Peak EGT Mixture

78% 25 - 50o F Lean of
Peak EGT
70
65% 75%
60
55%
45%
50
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
FIGURE 22-9. FUEL FLOW VS. OBSERVED BRAKE HORSEPOWER IO-550-B

BRAKE HORSEPOWER
IO-550-B METERED FUEL PRESSURE VS. FUEL FLOW

20 20
18 18
16 16
14 14
12 12
Nominal
10 10
tolerance + .3 psi
8 8
6 6
4 4
FIGURE 22-10. FUEL FLOW VS METERED PRESSURE IO-550-B

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
APRIL 1998 22-17

Altitude Leaning Chart - IO-550-B Full Rich, 2700 RPM
160
22-18 APRIL 1998

150
140
130
120
Fuel Flow (pph)

110
FIGURE 22-11. AUTO LEANING SCHEDULE IO-550-B

100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000
AT ZERO RAM
300 300
280 280
M
0 RP
260 0 260
27 RPM
00
25
240 240
PM
0R
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
0
23
220 220
PM
200 1 00R 200
2
180 180
M
RP
00
160 19 160
140 140
120 120
100 100
80 80
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
FIGURE 22-12. SEA LEVEL PERFORMANCE IO-550-C
APRIL 1998 22-19

IO-550-C FUEL FLOW VS. BRAKE HORSEPOWER
160
22-20 APRIL 1998

150
140
TS
LIMI
H 130
RIC
LL
FU
120
Best Power 110

Mixture
100
90
FUEL FLOW LBS./HR.
Peak EGT Mixture

78% 25 - 50o F Lean of Peak
EGT
70
75%
65%
60
55%
45%
50
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
FIGURE 22-13. FUEL FLOW VS. OBSERVED BRAKE HORSEPOWER IO-550-C

BRAKE HORSEPOWER
IO-550-C METERED FUEL PRESSURE VS. FUEL FLOW

20 20
18 18
16 16
14 14
12 12
Nominal
10 10
tolerance + .3 psi
8 8
6 6
4 4
FIGURE 22-14. FUEL FLOW VS METERED PRESSURE IO-550-C

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
APRIL 1998 22-21

Altitude Leaning Chart - IO-550-C Full Rich, 2700 RPM
170
22-22 APRIL 1998

160
150
140
130
Fuel Flow (pph)

120
110
FIGURE 22-15. AUTO LEANING SCHEDULE IO-550-C

100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000

AT ZERO RAM
280 280
260 260
M
0 RP
240 0 240
25
220 M 220
0 RP
0
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
23
200 200
PM
00R
180 21 180
M
0 RP
160 190 160
M
140 0 RP 140
17 0
120 120
100 100
80 80
60 60
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
FIGURE 22-16. CONSTANT SPEED SEA LEVEL PERFORMANCE IO-550-G
APRIL 1998 22-23

IO-550-G FUEL FLOW VS. BRAKE HORSEPOWER
22-24 APRIL 1998

130
120
110
Best Power 100

S
LIMIT
H 25o Rich of Peak 90
L RIC
FUL
Peak EGT
80
Minimum BSFC
85% 50o Lean of Peak
70
FUEL FLOW LBS./HR.
75% 60
65% 50
40
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
FIGURE 22-17. FUEL FLOW VS. OBSERVED BRAKE HORSEPOWER IO-550-G

BRAKE HORSEPOWER
IO-550-G METERED FUEL PRESSURE VS. FUEL FLOW

20 20
18 18
16 16
14 14
12 12
Nominal
10 10
tolerance + .25 psi
8 8
6 6
4 4
FIGURE 22-18. FUEL FLOW VS METERED PRESSURE IO-550-G

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
APRIL 1998 22-25

AT ZERO RAM
320 320
300 300
280 280
M
RP
00 M
260 27 P 260
0 0R
26
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
BRAKE HORSEPOWER
M
240 0 RP 240
0
25
220 220
R PM
200 00 200
23
M
180 0 RP 180
210
160 PM 160
0R
190
140 140
120 120
100 100
80 80
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
FIGURE 22-19. CONSTANT SPEED SEA LEVEL PERFORMANCE IO-550-N, P & R

22-26 APRIL 2001
IO-550-N FUEL FLOW VS. BRAKE HORSEPOWER
160
150
140
TS
LIMI 130
H
RIC
LL
FU
120
110
100
Best Power
90
FUEL FLOW LBS./HR.
75% 80
Best Economy 70
65%
55% 60
50
150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310

BRAKE HORSEPOWER
FIGURE 22-20. FUEL FLOW VS. OBSERVED BRAKE HORSEPOWER IO-550-N, P & R
APRIL 2001 22-27

IO-550-N METERED FUEL PRESSURE VS. FUEL FLOW

22-28 APRIL 2001

20 20
18 18
16 16
14 14
12 12
Nominal
10 10
tolerance + .25 psi
8 8
6 6
4 4
FIGURE 22-21. FUEL FLOW VS METERED PRESSURE IO-550-N, P & R

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
APRIL 1998 22-29
22-4 TEST FLIGHT
Refer to the aircraft manufacturer’s or Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) holders
POH/AFM for specific operational information.
NOTE…I0-550-A, B & C engines with altitude compensating fuel pumps require the auto
lean operation inspection below during test flight.
Ambient air and engine operating temperatures are of major concern during this test flight. Do a
normal pre-flight run-up in accordance with the Airplane Flight Manual. Conduct a normal take-
off with full power and monitor the fuel flow, RPM, oil pressure, coolant temperatures and oil
temperatures. Reduce to climb power in accordance with the Airplane Flight Manual. The
manual mixture control should be set in the full rich position for all operations except leaning for
field elevation and leaning to maintain smoothness during climb and leaning for cruise
economy. Leaning operations must be performed in accordance with the Airplane Flight
Manual.
NOTE…New, rebuilt and overhauled engines or engines that have had new or repaired
cylinders installed must be flown in accordance with the following procedure for the first two
hours of operation.
Level flight cruise should be at 75% power with best power or richer mixture for the first hour of
operation. The second hour power settings should alternate between 65% and 75% power with
the appropriate best power mixture settings. The best power mixture setting is 100° to 125° rich
of peak turbine inlet temperature. Engine controls or aircraft attitude should be adjusted as
required to maintain engine temperatures and pressures within specifications.
Descent from high altitude should be accomplished at low cruise power settings. During
descent engine pressures and temperatures must be carefully monitored. Avoid long descents
with cruise RPM and manifold pressure below 18" Hg.
CAUTION…Rapid descents at high RPM and low manifold pressure are to be avoided.
During descent monitor coolant and oil temperatures maintaining above the minimum
recommended operating range .
NOTE…Avoid long descents at low manifold pressure, which can result in excessive engine
cooling. Satisfactory engine acceleration may not occur when power is applied.
Any discrepancies detected during test flight must be corrected and the aircraft again test flown
prior to approval of engine for return to service. The appropriate logbook entries must be made
in accordance with Part 43 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) before the engine can be
returned to service.
AUTO LEAN OPERATION
In addition to the above I0-550-A, B & C engines with altitude compensating fuel pumps
require a flight test every 100 hours or annual inspection and anytime an adjustment is made
to the fuel injection system to insure proper operation of the fuel pump auto leaning feature.
1. Tables 22-2, 22-3, 22-4 and the Auto Leaning Charts, Figures 22-7, 22-11, 22-15 provide
fuel flow vs. pressure altitude specifications .
2. Insure the accuracy of aircraft fuel flow gauge and tachometer have been verified. These
gauges must be accurate or the data recorded during flight test will not be valid.
22-30 APRIL 2001

3. Locate the correct table and auto leaning chart for the aircraft and engine. On the
operational test form provided in this Service Information Directive, record all pressure
altitudes and corresponding minimum and maximum fuel flows as specified.
4. In accordance with the aircraft manufacturer’s instructions perform a complete pre-flight
inspection, engine start and ground run up.
5. Set the aircraft altimeter to 29.92 inches Hg.
6. In accordance with the aircraft manufacturer’s instructions make a normal take-off.
7. Climb must be accomplished at full throttle, FULL RICH mixture and 2700 RPM at the
best rate of climb airspeed or higher for the aircraft.
8. Using the aircraft fuel flow gauge and altimeter record the fuel flows at all pressure
altitudes specified.
9. Compare the recorded fuel flows with the specified fuel flows for all pressure altitudes. If
fuel flows are within the minimum and maximum limits at all altitudes no adjustments are
required.
10. If the fuel flows are not within the specified limits at all pressure altitudes the fuel injection
system auto leaning schedule will require adjustment.
TABLE 22-2. ALTITUDE FUEL SCHEDULE
IO-550-A ENGINE
FULL OPEN THROTTLE, FULL RICH MIXTURE
300 BHP @ 2700 RPM
Pressure Altitude Fuel Flow Fuel Flow Metered Fuel
(Set Altimeter at (lbs/hr) (gals/hr) Pressure PSID
29.92 in. Hg.) Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
Sea Level 142 150 24.2 25.6 16.5 17.2
1000 141 149 24.0 25.4 16.3 17.1
2,000 138 146 23.5 24.9 15.9 16.6
3000 133 141 22.6 24.0 15.1 15.7
4,000 128 136 21.8 23.2 14.3 14.9
5000 123 131 21.0 22.3 13.6 14.1
6,000 120 128 20.4 21.8 13.2 13.7
8,000 113 121 19.2 20.6 12.3 12.7
10,000 108 116 18.4 19.8 11.6 12.1
12,000 103 111 17.5 18.9 11.0 11.4
14,000 98 106 16.7 18.1 10.4 10.7
Gasoline = 5.87 lbs per gallon @ 70° F.
APRIL 1998 22-31

IO-550-B ENGINE
300 BHP @ 2700 RPM
Sea Level 146 156 24.9 26.6 17.2 18.3
1000 145.5 155.5 24.8 26.5 17.1 18.2
2,000 145 155 24.7 26.4 17.0 18.1
3000 144 154 24.5 26.3 16.9 17.9
4,000 142 152 24.2 25.9 16.5 17.5
5000 139 149 23.7 25.4 16.1 17.0
6,000 135.5 145.5 23.1 24.8 15.5 16.5
8,000 127 137 21.6 23.3 14.2 15.1
10,000 117 127 19.9 21.6 12.8 13.6
12,000 110 120 18.7 20.4 11.9 12.6
14,000 105 115 17.9 19.6 11.3 11.9

IO-550-C ENGINE
300 BHP @ 2700 RPM
Sea Level 152 160 25.9 27.2 18.2 18.9
1000 151 159 25.7 27.1 18.0 18.7
2,000 148 156 25.2 26.6 17.5 18.2
3000 143 151 24.4 25.7 16.7 17.4
4,000 138 146 23.5 24.9 15.9 16.5
5000 134 142 22.8 24.2 15.3 15.9
6,000 130 138 22.1 23.5 14.7 15.3
8,000 123 131 21.0 22.3 13.6 14.1
10,000 118 126 20.1 21.5 12.9 13.4
12,000 113 121 19.3 20.6 12.3 12.7
14,000 108 116 18.4 19.8 11.7 12.1
22-32 APRIL 1998

ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES:
Fuel Pump Auto Leaning Schedule
NOTE...On IO-550-A and C model engines do not attempt to adjust the auto leaning schedule
if the aircraft is at a field with a pressure altitude greater than 1000 feet.
On IO-550-B model engines do not attempt to adjust the auto leaning schedule if the aircraft
is at a field with a pressure altitude greater than 3000 feet.
Refer to Fuel System Adjustment (Setup Procedures) of this chapter for installation of the
required test equipment.
1. If not previously accomplished, adjust the engine fuel injection system in accordance with
Fuel System Adjustment of this chapter using the appropriate table for the engine and
aircraft.
2. Adjustments to the engine driven fuel pump variable orifice (aneroid, see Figure 22-3) will
result in a change to the auto leaning schedule. One complete revolution of the aneroid
adjustment will increase or decrease the auto leaning schedule approximately 1000 feet.
3. Refer to Figures 22-7, 22-11, 22-15 as applicable. The variable orifice (aneroid)
adjustment will move you horizontally across the chart. The adjustable orifice will move
you vertically.
4. Adjustments to the variable orifice (aneroid) will affect the FULL POWER unmetered fuel
pressures (adjustable orifice), metered pressures and fuel flows. It is important to
maintain the balance between these adjustments in order to achieve the specified fuel
system parameters.
CAUTION…Exercise caution when adjustments to the aneroid are accomplished. The
aneroid stem has an extra fine thread and over torqueing of the lock nut will damage either
the stem or housing threads.
NOTE...It will be necessary to cut and remove the safety wire and manufacturer’s seal from
the variable orifice adjustment. Cut the safety wire as close to the variable orifice stem as
possible. This will provide a pig tail for the fuel pump through bolts. It is not necessary to re-
safety the aneroid after adjustments have been completed.
5. By reviewing the data recorded on the operational test flight form we can determine if the
auto leaning schedule is above or below the specified limits at the various pressure
altitudes.
6. Adjustment of the variable orifice (aneroid) clockwise will decrease the altitude (move
horizontally to the left on the chart) while counter-clockwise adjustments will increase the
altitude (move horizontally to the right on the chart) at a given pressure altitude.
7. As an example, looking at Figure 22-11 (IO-550-B engine) at a pressure altitude of 4000
feet the recorded fuel flow was 140 PPH (point A) The fuel flow specified for this pressure
altitude is 142 PPH to 152 PPH. The recorded fuel flow of 140 PPH would be correct if
we were between 5000 feet and 7000 feet. To achieve the specified fuel flow verses
pressure altitude we must adjust the variable orifice out. Adjustment of the variable orifice
(aneroid) two complete revolutions will move point A two thousand feet to the right to
6000 feet.
8. After making any adjustment to the variable orifice, torque the lock nut to 25 - 30 inch
pounds.
APRIL 2001 22-33

9. Perform a complete ground run up and verify that unmetered and metered pressures and
fuel flows are within the limits specified in appropriate table for the pressure altitude. If
these parameters are not within the limits specified make adjustments in accordance with
“Fuel System Adjustment” of this chapter to achieve the specified values.
NOTE...The adjustable orifice tapered needle may be damaged if forced against it’s seat.
The adjustment should move freely. Do not continue adjustments if rotational resistance
increases suddenly.
10. Once the adjustments are completed, remove the test equipment in accordance with
“Fuel System Adjustment” (Post Setup Procedures) of this chapter.
11. Perform a flight test in accordance with “Test Flight. ”
Repeat these procedures until the engines fuel injection system meets all published
specifications.
22-34 APRIL 1998

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Permold Series

APRIL 2001 iii

This manual contains no warranties, either expressed or implied.

APRIL 1998 vii

APRIL 2001 1-1

APRIL 2001 1-3

Teledyne Continental Motors

1-4 APRIL 2001

1-7 SERVICE REPORTS AND INQUIRIES

1-8 TCM INTERNET SITE

APRIL 2001 1-5

DETAILED ENGINE DESCRIPTION

1-9 ENGINE DESIGN FEATURES

APRIL 2001 1-7

INDUCTION INDUCTION TUBE

1200 SERIES MAGNETO

OIL FILLER &

TOP VIEW IO-550-A

OIL FILLER & DIPSTICK

FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE OIL COOLER

Continental Continental Continental

SIDE VIEW IO-550-A

1-8 APRIL 1998

ALTERNATOR CYLINDER HEAD

OIL SUMP DRAIN

REAR VIEW IO-550-A

FIGURE 1-1. ENGINE DESCRIPTION IO-550-A (continued)

APRIL 2001 1-9

INDUCTION INDUCTION TUBE

OIL FILLER &

TOP VIEW IO-550-B

OIL FILLER & DIPSTICK

FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE

Continental Continental Continental

FUEL METERING UNIT

SIDE VIEW IO-550-B

1-10 APRIL 1998

FRONT VIEW IO-550-B

FUEL INLET FROM VAPOR RETURN TO

FUEL RETURN FROM FUEL

INTAKE MANIFOLD DRAIN

REAR VIEW IO-550-B

APRIL 1998 1-11

ALTERNATOR STARTER ADAPTER

FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE

INDUCTION SYSTEM OIL FILTER

TOP VIEW IO-550-C

OIL FILLER & DIPSTICK

FUEL MANIFOLD VALVE OIL COOLER

SPARK PLUG ENGINE

Continental Continental Continental

SIDE VIEW IO-550-C

1-12 APRIL 2001

FRONT VIEW IO-550-C

INLET FROM FUEL PUMP

APRIL 2001 1-13

CYLINDER OIL COOLER

TOP VIEW IO-550-G & N

SPARK OIL COOLER

90o TACH DRIVE