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    Tropopause - SKYbrary Aviation Safety

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    Đoàn Hồng Ngọc
    The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. It is defined as the lowest level where the lapse rate decreases to 2°C/km or less. The height of the tropopause varies from approximately 20,000 feet over the poles to 60,000 feet over the equator, with an average of 36,000 feet. Jet streams and weather occur below the tropopause in the troposphere, while the temperature becomes constant with height above the tropopause in the stratosphere.

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    Tropopause - SKYbrary Aviation Safety

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    Đoàn Hồng Ngọc
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    The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. It is defined as the lowest level where the lapse rate decreases to 2°C/km or less. The height of the tropopause varies from approximately 20,000 feet over the poles to 60,000 feet over the equator, with an average of 36,000 feet. Jet streams and weather occur below the tropopause in the troposphere, while the temperature becomes constant with height above the tropopause in the stratosphere.

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    The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. It is defined as the lowest level where the lapse rate decreases to 2°C/km or less. The height of the tropopause varies from approximately 20,000 feet over the poles to 60,000 feet over the equator, with an average of 36,000 feet. Jet streams and weather occur below the tropopause in the troposphere, while the temperature becomes constant with height above the tropopause in the stratosphere.

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    49 views4 pages

    Tropopause - SKYbrary Aviation Safety

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    Đoàn Hồng Ngọc
    The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. It is defined as the lowest level where the lapse rate decreases to 2°C/km or less. The height of the tropopause varies from approximately 20,000 feet over the poles to 60,000 feet over the equator, with an average of 36,000 feet. Jet streams and weather occur below the tropopause in the troposphere, while the temperature becomes constant with height above the tropopause in the stratosphere.

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    (/index.php/Main_Page)

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    (http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/ICAO)

    (http://flightsafety.org/)

    Tropopause
    Article Information

    Category: Weather
    (/index.php/Category:Weat
    her)

    Content source: SKYbrary (/index.php/About_SKYbrar


    y)

    Royal Meteorological
    Content control: (/index.php/Royal_Meteoro
    Society (RMetS)
    logical_Society_(RMetS))

    WX

    Tag(s) Atmosphere

    Definition
    The tropopause is the upper limit of the troposphere
    (/index.php/Troposphere) and therefore constitutes the boundary
    between it and the Stratosphere (/index.php/Stratosphere).

    According to the World Meteorological Organisation, the "first


    tropopause" is conventionally defined as the lowest level at which
    the lapse rate decreases to 2°C/km or less, provided also that the
    average lapse rate between this level and all higher levels within 2
    km does not exceed 2°C/km. If the average lapse rate above this
    "first tropopause" between any level and all higher levels within 1 km
    exceeds 3°C/km, then a "second tropopause" is defined by the same
    criterion as the first. This second tropopause may be either within or
    above the 1 km layer.

    Near the mid-latitudes there may be two layers of tropopauses: polar


    and tropical. For aviation purposes, however, significant weather
    charts generally show one tropopause, using the average heights of
    the two tropopauses to denote its height in flight level.

    Due to the changes in tropopause heights, especially in mid-latitude


    polar frontal systems, in certain cases stratospheric air may be
    brought into the warm air troposphere as a result of the lower
    tropopause height over the cold air and the jetstream associated
    with polar frontal system. The airflow effect may “draw”
    stratospheric air from above and enter the warm air troposphere by
    way of the jet stream.

    Description
    The tropopause occurs at approximately 20,000 feet over the poles
    and at approximately 60,000 feet above the equator. The
    International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
    (/index.php/International_Standard_Atmosphere) assumes that the
    average height of the tropopause is 36,000 feet.

    Due to the tropospheric effect of temperature decrease with height,


    in general the temperature at the Tropopause is lower equatorward
    and higher poleward.

    The location of the tropopause is of interest to flight crew because it


    indicates the altitude at which temperature becomes constant with
    increasing altitude, which is an import factor in performance and fuel
    calculations. It also gives an indication of the location of jet streams
    (/index.php/Jet_Stream) and the high winds and turbulence
    (/index.php/Turbulence) associated with them. In general, clouds and
    weather occur below the tropopause in the troposphere; however,
    deep tropical convective systems can break through the tropopause,
    especially over land. Overshooting cumulonimbus tops are examples
    of such situations.

    The turbulence felt as a result of jet streams and other weather


    phenomena doesn't necessarily end at the tropopause. Turbulence
    can continue well above the tropopause, however the general rule to
    climb or descend to avoid turbulence most effectively (as opposed to
    horizontally by directional changes) still applies.
    (/index.php/File:Troposphere.jpg)
    Troposphere

    Jet Streams
    Jet Streams (/index.php/Jet_Stream), associated with frontal
    weather, where two different air masses meet, occur at or below the
    tropopause.

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    title=Tropopause&oldid=133593)"

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