27 Calendar

IMPORTANT FACTS
We are supposed to find the day of the week on a given date.
For this, we use the concept of odd days.
I. Odd Days: In a given period, the number of days more than the complete weeks are called odd days.
II. Leap Year:
(i) Every year divisible by 4 is a leap year, if it is not a century.
(ii) Every 4th century is a leap year and no other century is a leap year.
Note : A leap year has 366 days.
Examples:
(i) Each of the years 1948, 2004, 1676 etc. is a leap year.
(ii) Each of the years 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 etc. is a leap year.
(iii) None of the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 1800, 2100 is a leap year.
III. Ordinary Year:
The year which is not a leap year is called an ordinary year. An ordinary year has 365 days.
IV. Counting of Odd Days:
(i) 1 ordinary year = 365 days = (52 weeks + 1day).
∴ 1 ordinary year has 1 odd day.
(ii) 1 leap year = 366 days = (52 weeks + 2 days).
∴ 1 leap year has 2 odd days.
(iii) 100 years = 76 ordinary years + 24 leap years
    = (76 × 1 + 24 × 2) odd days = 124 odd days
    = (17 weeks + 5 days) ≡ 5 odd days.
∴ Number of odd days in 100 years = 5
Number of odd days in 200 years = (5 × 2) ≡ 3 odd days
Number of odd days in 300 years = (5 × 3) ≡ 1 odd day.
Number of odd days in 400 years = (5 × 4 + 1) ≡ 0 odd day.
Similarly, each one of 800 years, 1200 years, 1600 years, 2000 years, etc. has 0 odd days.
V. Day of the Week Related to Odd Days:
No. of days 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Day Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex. 1. What was the day of the week on 16th July, 1776?
Sol. 16th July, 1776 = (1775 years + Period from 1.1.1776 to 16.7.1776)
Counting of odd days:
Number of odd days in 1600 years = 0
Number of odd days in 100 years = 5
75 years = 18 leap years + 57 ordinary years
   = (18 × 2 + 57 × 1) odd days = 93 odd days
   = (13 weeks + 2 days) ≡ 2 odd days
∴ 1775 years have

819
820 QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

= (0 + 5 + 2) odd days = 7 odd days ≡ 0 odd day.

Jan. Feb. March April May June July
= 198 days
(31 + 29 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 16)
198 days = (28 weeks + 2 days) ≡ 2 odd days.
∴ Total number of odd days = (0 + 2) = 2.
Hence, the required day is Tuesday.
Ex. 2. What was the day of the week on 15th August, 1947?
Sol. 15th August, 1947 = (1946 years + Period from 1.1.1947 to 15.8.1947)
Odd days in 1600 years = 0
Odd days in 300 years = (5 × 3) = 15 ≡ 1
46 years = (11 leap years + 35 ordinary years)
= (11 × 2 + 35 × 1) odd days = 57 odd days
= (8 weeks + 1 day) ≡ 1 odd day.
∴ Odd days in 1946 years = (0 + 1+ 1) = 2.
Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug
= 227 days
(31 + 28 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15)
227 days = (32 weeks + 3 days) ≡ 3 odd days.
Total number of odd days = (2 + 3) = 5.
Hence, the required day is Friday.
Ex. 3. What was the day of the week on 4th June, 2002?
Sol. 4th June, 2002 = (2001 years + Period from 1.1.2002 to 4.6.2002)
Odd days in 1600 years = 0
Odd days in 400 years = 0
Odd days in 1 ordinary year = 1
Odd days in 2001 years = (0 + 0 + 1) = 1
Jan. Feb. March April May June
= 155 days
(31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 4)
= 22 weeks + 1 day ≡ 1 odd day
Total number of odd days = (1 + 1) = 2
∴ Required day is Tuesday.
Ex. 4. On what dates of March 2005 did Friday fall?
Sol. First we find the day on 1.3.2005
1.3.2005 = (2004 years + Period from 1.1.2005 to 1.3.2005)
Odd days in 1600 years = 0 Odd days in 400 years = 0
4 years = (1 leap year + 3 ordinary years)
= (1 × 2 + 3 × 1) odd days = 5 odd days
Jan. Feb. March
(31 + 28 + 11)
= 60 days = (8 weeks + 4 days) ≡ 4 odd days.
Total number of odd days = (0 + 0 + 5 + 4) = 9 ≡ 2 odd days
∴ 1.3.2005 was Tuesday. So, Friday lies on 4.3.2005
Hence, Friday lies on 4th, 11th, 18th and 25th of March, 2005.
Ex. 5. Prove that the calendar for the year 2003 will serve for the year 2014.
Sol. We must have same day on 1.1.2003 and 1.1.2014.
So, number of odd days between 31.12.2002 and 31.12.2013 must be 0.
This period has 3 leap years and 8 ordinary years.
Number of odd days = (3 × 2 + 8 × 1) = 14 ≡ 0 odd day
∴ Calendar for the year 2003 will serve for the year 2014.
CALENDAR 821

EXERCISE
(OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS)
Directions: Mark (√) against the correct answer in each 9. What will be the day of the week on 15th August,
of the following: 2010?
1. January 1, 2007 was Monday. What day of the week (a) Sunday (b) Monday
lies on Jan. 1, 2008? (c) Tuesday (d) Friday
(a) Monday (b) Tuesday 10. Today is Monday. After 61 days, it will be
(c) Wednesday (d) Sunday (a) Wednesday (b) Saturday
2. January 1, 2008 is Tuesday. What day of the week (c) Tuesday (d) Thursday
lies on Jan. 1, 2009? 11. The last day of a century cannot be
(a) Monday (b) Wednesday
(a) Monday (b) Wednesday
(c) Tuesday (d) Friday
(c) Thursday (d) Sunday
12. Which of the following is not a leap year?
3. On 8th Dec, 2007 Saturday falls. What day of the
(a) 700 (b) 800
week was it on 8th Dec. 2006?
(c) 1200 (d) 2000
(a) Sunday (b) Thursday
13. How many days are there in x weeks x days?
(c) Tuesday (d) Friday
(a) 7x2 (b) 8x
4. On 6th March, 2005 Monday falls. What was the
(c) 14x (d) 7
day of the week on 6th March, 2004?
14. It was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What was the day of
(a) Sunday (b) Saturday
the week on Jan 1, 2010?
(c) Tuesday (d) Wednesday
5. The calendar for the year 2007 will be the same for (a) Sunday (b) Saturday
the year: (c) Friday (d) Wednesday
(a) 2014 (b) 2016 15. On 8th Feb, 2005 it was Tuesday. What was the day
(c) 2017 (d) 2018 of the week on 8th Feb, 2004?
6. On what dates of April, 2001 did Wednesday (a) Tuesday (b) Monday
fall? (c) Sunday (d) Wednesday
(a) 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th 16. For a certain month, the dates of three of the Sun-
(b) 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th days are even numbers. Then, the 15th of the that
(c) 3rd, 10th, 17th, 24th month falls on a [SSC—CGL (Tier I) Exam, 2012]
(d) 4th, 11th, 18th, 25th (a) Thursday (b) Friday
7. What was the day of the week on 17th June, (c) Saturday (d) Sunday
1998? 17. What was the day of the week on 15 August, 1947?
[DMRC— Customer Relationship Assistant (CRA) Exam, 2016]
(a) Monday (b) Tuesday
(a) Saturday (b) Friday
(c) Wednesday (d) Thursday
(c) Thursday (d) Wednesday
8. What was the day of the week on 28th May,
2006? 18. The calendar for the year 2009 will be the same as
that of the year
(a) Thursday (b) Friday [DMRC— Customer Relationship Assistant (CRA) Exam, 2016]
(c) Saturday (d) Sunday (a) 2013 (b) 2014
(c) 2015 (d) 2014

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c)