MENTAL HEALTH INVENTORY

By: Dr. Jagdish & Dr. A.K. Srivastva

John Palathumpattu Alex

PSY-MSC-A-2143
Semester: 1
M.Sc. Psychology
A702131821031
Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences
Amity University, Mumbai, India.
Mental Health Invevtory

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this systematic Practical on “Mental Health Inventory” submitted to the
Department of Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Mumbai, is
entirely my work prepared under the supervision of my supervisor Mrs. Priyanka Lele,
Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences (AIBAS), Amity
University, Mumbai and this work is submitted towards the partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the degree of Masters of Science-Psychology, Amity University, Mumbai. The results
embodied in this report have not been submitted to any other Indian or foreign
university/institute for the award of any other course/degree/diploma.

Date: 4th October 2021 (Signature)

Faculty in Charge John Palathumpattu Alex

Mrs. Priyanka Lele A702131821031

Assistant Professor Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied

Sciences

Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Amity University, Mumbai, India.

Sciences.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful accomplishment of this practical required not only extensive research from my
side but also a great amount of guidance from my mentor who gave support and assistance
throughout the completion of this practical.

I would also like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Mrs Priyanka Lele for providing
me the necessary supervision to duly complete my work and am extremely thankful to her for
guiding me and providing all the necessary information.

I would also like thank the faculty of AIBAS department, my classmates, parents, and friends for
being so supportive and encouraging which helped me during this entire program

Thank you

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INDEX
DECLARATION 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
AIM 4
INTRODUCTION 4
METHODOLOGY 8
DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST 8
Reliability 9
Validity 9
Norms 9
SCORING AND INTERPRETATION IN GENERAL 9
DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS 12
CASE HISTORY 13
MATERIALS REQUIRED 14
PROCEDURE 14
PRECAUTIONS 14
INSTRUCTIONS 14
CONDUCTION 14
OBSERVATIONS 14
RETROSPECTIVE REPORT 15
SCORING AND INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 15
DISCUSSION 16
CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY 17
REFERENCES 18
APPENDIX 19

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AIM
To assess the mental health of the individual using mental health inventory
INTRODUCTION
1. “A state of mind characterized by emotional well-being, good behavioural adjustment,
relative freedom from anxiety and disabling symptoms, and a capacity to establish
constructive relationships and cope with the ordinary demands and stresses of life.”
(APA)
2. “A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities can cope
with the normal stresses of life can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a
contribution to his or her community” (WHO)

THEORIES OF MENTAL HEALTH

1. Analytical/ Developmental theories: "Theories of development provide a framework
for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. If you have ever wondered
about what motivates human thought and behaviour, understanding these theories can
provide useful insight into individuals and society." (Cherry, 2014) Theorists: Freud,
Jung, Eriksson, Kohlberg.

2. Behavioural theories: "Behavioural psychology, also known as behaviourism, is a

theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are acquired through
conditioning. Advocated by famous psychologists such as John B. Watson and B.F.
Skinner, behavioural theories dominated psychology during the early half of the twentieth
century. Today, behavioural techniques are still widely used in therapeutic settings to help
clients learn new skills and behaviours." (Cherry, 2014) Theorists: Watson, Skinner,
Pavlov

3. Cognitive theories: "Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies

mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn. As part of
the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other

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disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics.." (Cherry, 2014)

Theorists: Tolman, Piaget, Chomsky

COMPONENTS OF MENTAL HEALTH

Cognitive: Like a radio, our ideas are always playing in the background. In fact, according to
recent research, we have almost 6,000 thoughts every day on average! We don't pause to identify
these ideas for what they are simply thoughts prone to mistake and prejudice, and not at all a
representation of objective reality. When we regard our ideas as facts rather than hypotheses, we
get into difficulty because our thoughts have a significant impact on our emotions and
behaviours. To put it another way, how we believe has an impact on how we feel and act.

Emotional: Our emotions encourage us to act in ways that are consistent with our objectives and
beliefs. They inspire us to seek out significant experiences, avoid danger and shame, and a
variety of other things. They can be a valuable source of data. However, they, like our ideas,
maybe skewed and deceptive. It's possible that we perceive danger while we're truly safe, and
vice versa. We run the danger of being trapped in the riptide if we give our emotions more credit
than they deserve. On the other side, if we consistently suppress our feelings, we effectively
withdraw from life. The challenge is to embrace our emotional experiences rather than ignoring
or obeying them blindly.

Behavioural: Things like how involved you are with the world around you, how well you're
functioning, the quality of your relationships, and how much you feel a sense of belonging and
community can all be indicators of behavioural health.

Your behavioural health will improve as you learn to properly control your thoughts and
emotions. Instead of avoiding new or challenging circumstances, right-sizing your anxieties and
riding the waves of your emotions will enable you to engage with the world around you.

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MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIA

Mental health is an integral part of health; it is more than the absence of mental illnesses. It is the
foundation for the well-being and effective functioning of individuals. It includes mental
well-being, prevention of mental disorders, treatment and rehabilitation.

WHO estimates that the burden of mental health problems in India is 2443 disability-adjusted
life years (DALYs) per 100 00 population; the age-adjusted suicide rate per 100 000 population
is 21.1. The economic loss due to mental health conditions, between 2012-2030, is estimated at
USD 1.03 trillion.

The Mental Health Policy, 2014 upholds a participatory and rights-based approach for quality
service provisions. The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 provides the legal framework for providing
services to protect, promote and fulfil the rights of people with mental illnesses. These are in line
with the United Nations Convention on Rights of People with Disabilities (UNCRPD).

The National Mental Health Programme and Health and Wellness Centres are efforts to provide
quality care at the primary health care level. Deaddiction centres and rehabilitation services are
also available.

STATISTICS OF MENTAL HEALTH ILLNESS GLOBALLY AND INDIA

The rate of mental illness presents globally in 2017 was 10.7%, which consists of 270 million
people.

The following are the rate of various mental disorders globally in the year 2017

Disorder Share of the global population Number of people with the

with the disorder (2017) disorder (2017)

Depression 3.4% 264 million

Anxiety disorders 3.8% 264 million

Bipolar disorder 0.6% 46 million

Eating disorders 0.2% 16 million

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(clinical anorexia & bulimia)

Schizophrenia 0.3% 20 million

Any mental or substance use 13% 970 million

disorder

Alcohol use disorder 1.4% 107 million

Drug use disorder (excluding 0.9% 71 million

alcohol)

The rate of mental illness presents in India in the year 2017 was 14.53%.

The following are the rate of various mental disorders in India in the year 2017

Disorder Share of the Indian population with the

disorder (2017)

Schizophrenia 0.26%

Bipolar disorder 0.56%

Eating disorders 0.16%

Anxiety disorders 3.30%

Drug use disorders 0.53%

Depression 3.53%

Alcohol use disorders 1.13%

ALTERNATIVE SCALES TO MEASURE MENTAL HEALTH

General Health Questionnaire: It was developed by Goldberg. It Developed as a screening
tool to detect those likely to have or be at risk of developing psychiatric disorders, it is a measure
of the common mental health problems/domains of depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms and
social withdrawal. Available in a variety of versions using 12, 28, 30 or 60 items, the 28-item
version is used most widely. Its reliability coefficients have ranged from 0.78 to 0.95. The

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Concurrent Validity between the GHQ-28 total score and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
(r=0.86), Hamilton Depression Scale (r=0.88) and the Present State Examination (r=0.94).

Patient Health Questionnaire-9: The PHQ-9 is a 9-question instrument given to patients in a

primary care setting to screen for the presence and severity of depression. It is the 9-question
depression scale from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). It has a Cronbach alpha reliability
of 0.86, and the construct validity correlation coefficient between the PHQ-9 and the SF-20
mental health scale was 0.73.

METHODOLOGY
DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST
The Mental Health Inventory is a self-report measure that gives us the persons ability to make a
positive self-evaluation, to perceive reality, to integrate the personality, autonomy,
group-oriented attitudes and environmental mastery. The test consists of total 54 items. It was
developed by Dr. Jagdish & Dr. A.K. Srivastva. It consists of 6 domains which are as follows.
1. Positive self-evaluation: It includes self-confidence, self-acceptance, self-identity, the
feeling of worthwhileness, the realisation of one’s potentialities, etc.
2. Perception of reality: It is related to perception free from need distortion, absence of
extensive fantasy and a broad outlook on the world.
3. Integration of personality: It indicates the balance of psychic forces in the individuals
and includes the ability to understand and to share other peoples emotions, the ability to
concentrate at work and interest in several activities
4. Autonomy: It includes a stable set of internal standards for one’s action dependence for
own development upon potentialities rather than dependence on the other people.
5. Group-oriented attitudes: It is associated with the ability to get along with others, work
with others and ability to find recreations.
6. Environmental mastery: It includes efficiency in meeting situational requirements, the
ability to work and play, the ability to take responsibilities and the capacity for
adjustments.

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Reliability
The overall reliability of the test was found out to be 0.73

Validity
The construct validity between mental health inventory and general health questionnaire was
found out to be 0.54

Norms
There are no age norms or restrictions

SCORING AND INTERPRETATION IN GENERAL

To Calculate the Raw score of ‘True keyed’ items a score of 4 is given if the participant marked
“Always” for an item, similarly a score of 3, 2, 1 for Most of Times, Sometimes, Never
respectively. For ‘False Keyed’ items a raw score of 4 is given if the participant marked “Never”
for an item, similarly a score of 3, 2, 1 for Sometimes, Most of Times, Always respectively.

The following are the True and False Keyed Items:

1. Positive self-evaluation:
a. Positive- 27, 32, 38, 45, 51
b. Negative- 1,7 13, 19, 23
2. Perception of reality:
a. Positive- 6, 8, 41, 52
b. Negative- 14, 24, 35, 46
3. Integration of personality
a. Positive- 18, 20
b. Negative- 2, 9, 15, 25, 28, 33, 36, 40, 47, 53
4. Autonomy
a. Positive- 10, 29, 54
b. Negative- 3, 42, 48
5. Group-oriented attitudes
a. Positive- 4, 30, 39, 43, 49

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b. Negative- 11, 16, 21, 26

6. Environmental mastery
a. Positive: 5, 17, 37, 50
b. Negative: 12, 22, 31, 34, 44
To calculate the sum of scores in each domain, a Summation of the Raw Score of Positive and
Negative Items should be obtained. Similarly, to find the total raw score, a summation of all the
raw scores in all 6 domains should be obtained.

The Interpretation of the scores can be done by the Norm Tables Given Below:

Level of M.H in Female Students

Dimesnions Of Very Good Good Average Poor Very Poor

M.H Categories

PSE 37.82 & Above 33.13 to below 28.43 to below 23.74 to below Below 23.74
37.82 33.13 28.43

PR 30.93 & Above 26.97 to below 23.01 to below 19.15 to below Below 19.05
30.93 26.97 23.01

IP 45.03 & Above 38.94 to below 32.86 to below 26.77 to below Below 26.77
45.03 38.94 32.86

AUTNY 22.11 & Above 18.60 to below 15.10 to below 11.59 to below Below 11.59
22.11 18.60 15.10

GOA 41.41 & Above 36 to below 41.41 30.58 to below 36 25.17 to below Below 25.17
30.58

EM 36.14 & Above 31.65 to below 27.17 to below 22.64 to below Below 22.68
36.14 31.65 27.17

OVERALL 196.02 & Above 175.14 to below 154.26 to below 133.38 to below Below 133.38
196.02 175.14 154.26

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Level of M.H in Male Students

Dimesnions Of Very Good Good Average Poor Very Poor

M.H Categories

PSE 38.31 & Above 33.70 to 29.10 to below 24.49 to below Below 24.49
below38.11 33.70 29.10

PR 29.82 & Above 25.95 to below 22.07 to below 18.20 to below Below 18.20
29.82 25.95 22.07

IP 44.87 & Above 38.66 to below 32.44 to below 26.23 to below Below 26.23
44.87 38.66 32.44

AUTNY 22.34 & Above 19.04 to below 15.74 to below 12.44 to below Below 12.44
22.34 19.04 15.74

GOA 38.50 & Above 33.37 to below 28.23 to below 23.10 to below Below 23.10
38.50 33.37 28.23

EM 36.26 & Above 31.35 to below 26.43 to below 21.52 to below Below 21.52
36.26 31.35 26.43

OVERALL 195.89 & Above 176.46 to below 157.01 to below 137.57 to below Below 135.57
195.89 176.45 157.01

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DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS
NAME: S.Y
AGE: 21years
GENDER: Male
MARITAL STATUS: Unmarried
OCCUPATION: Student
EDUCATIONAL BG: 3rd-year engineering
FAMILY STRUCTURE: Joint
ORDINAL POSITION: 1st born
FAMILY TREE:

MOTHER'S OCCUPATION: Soft skills trainer

MOTHER’S EDUCATIONAL BG: MCM
FATHER’S OCCUPATION: Businessman
FATHER’S EDUCATIONAL BG: electronics and telecommunication bachelor
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: suburban
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS: middle class

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CASE HISTORY
The participant was keen and calm while taking the case history. The participant reported that
they are firm in decision making when their work and college activities but they are not good at
taking the right decisions when it comes to their family and personal life. The participant
reported that they have a cordial relationship with their family and friends when asked about it.
They also satiated they are conscious about all the aspects and decisions they take in their life,
due to which they do not have either a positive or negative perception of themselves. The
participant reported that they have a good relationship with their peers and friends as they get
along really well. The participant reported that their friends and relatives are not helpful to them
during hard times as they prefer to seek help for their problems and find solutions for them by
themselves. The participant reported that they do their responsibilities in the correct manner and
on time. But they only prefer responsibilities in which they are positively reinforced. The
participant said that they have good problem-solving skills. The participant reported that they try
to work in extreme circumstances and try to complete their work or responsibilities firmly. The
participant reported that they are not satisfied with their Physical looks, mental well being,
financial aspects and romantic relations in their life. The participant feels inferior to others in
terms of looks, body, status and finance. The participant feels happy and rejoiced when they get
to know that they will achieve their objectives. The participant reported daily hassles of life
affect their temper/ anger levels, for some time. The participant reported that they always react in
the manner the society wants them to react in a particular situation, even in adverse situations
even if it’s not morally right according to them

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MATERIALS REQUIRED
● Mental Health Inventory Booklet
● Mental Health Inventory Test Manual
● Stationery (Pen/Pencil)

PROCEDURE
PRECAUTIONS
1. The lab should be free of noise and there should not be any disturbances.
2. The seating arrangement should be comfortable
3. Enough time should be provided to the participant
4. The age norms should be followed while conducting the test

INSTRUCTIONS
The following instructions were given:
“This inventory is meant for a psychological investigation. It consists of a number of statements
relating to your feelings about yourself in everyday life, You have got four alternatives to
respond to each of the statements. Choose either of the four alternative responses, i.e Always,
Most of the time, Sometimes, Never, which most suitably indicate the frequency of your feelings
and views ”

CONDUCTION
Due to COVID-19, the conduction of the test was done through a Video-Audio conversation
medium. Rapport was built and the case history questions were asked to the participant. On
completion, the participant was instructed on how to solve the test and was shown the booklet.
After responses were noted, scores were calculated using the manual. Interpretations of the same
were done and also debriefing.

OBSERVATIONS
The participant had seen to be a bit nervous while answering the case history questions at the
start and later on rapport was built, at some point, it was felt like the participant was quite

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uncomfortable in answering the questions related to their own perception of themselves, while
during the rest of the conduction the participant was quite comfortable and had answered all the
questions properly.

RETROSPECTIVE REPORT
The participant reported that they were a bit distracted due to the noises which were present in
their house. The participant also reported that their overall experience during the conduction of
the test was good and also stated that this helped them know more about themselves.

SCORING AND INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS

The following are the scores and the interpretation of the scores of the participant:

Dimesnions Of M.H Score Interpretation

Categories

PSE 27 POOR

PR 17 VERY POOR

IP 29 POOR

AUTNY 13 POOR

GOA 24 POOR

EM 16 AVERAGE

OVERALL 139 POOR

The participant scored

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DISCUSSION
The aim of the test was to assess the mental health of the individual using mental health
inventory. It was developed by Dr. Jagdish & Dr. A.K. Srivastva. The test consists of 54 items
and 6 domains positive self-evaluation, perception of reality, integration of personality,
autonomy, group-oriented attitudes and environmental mastery.

The participant scored a score of 27 in the domain Positive Self Evaluation which comes under
the poor category, from the case history, we can that, the participant reported that they are not
good at taking the right decisions when it comes to their family and personal life, which can be
reason indicative for the participant scores in this domain.

The participant scored a score of 17 in the domain Perception of Reality which comes under the
very poor category, from the case history, we can that their friends and relatives are not helpful to
them during hard times as they prefer to seek help for their problems and find solutions for them
by themselves, which can exhausting and mentally stressful for them, which can be reason
indicative for the participant scores in this domain.

The participant scored a score of 29 in the domain Integration of Reality which comes under the
poor category, from the case history, we can that the participants take their responsibilities in a
good manner given to them, but they do not prefer to do the responsibilities given to them
willingly as they are gaining any positive reinforcement through it, which can be reason
indicative for the participant scores in this domain.

The participant scored a score of 13 in the domain Autonomy which comes under the poor
category, from the case history, we can that, the participant reported is not satisfied with their
Physical looks, mental well being, financial aspects and romantic relations in their life, which
can be reason indicative for the participant scores in this domain.

The participant scored a score of 24 in the domain Group Oriented Attitudes which comes under
the poor category, from the case history, we can that, the participant feels inferior to others in

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terms of looks, body, status and finance, which can be reason indicative for the participant scores
in this domain.

The participant scored a score of 16 in the domain Environmental Mastery which comes under
the Average category, from the case history, we can that, the participant always react in the
manner the society wants them to react in a particular situation, even in adverse situations even if
it’s not morally right according to them, which can be reason indicative for the participant scores
in this domain.

The participant scored an overall score of 139 which comes under the poor category from which
we can say that the participant faces troubles or stressors for maintaining emotional well being

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY

The aim of the test was to assess the mental health of the individual using mental health
inventory. It was developed by Dr. Jagdish & Dr. A.K. Srivastva. The test consists of 54 items
and 6 domains positive self-evaluation, perception of reality, integration of personality,
autonomy, group-oriented attitudes and environmental mastery. The participant scored an overall
score of 139 which comes under the poor category from which we can say that the participant
faces troubles or stressors for maintaining emotional well being

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REFERENCES
1. APA Dictionary of Psychology. (2021). Retrieved 11 October 2021, from
https://dictionary.apa.org/mental-health
2. Buzzitta, M. (2021). 3 Components of Mental Health - Great Lakes Psychology Group.
Retrieved 14 October 2021, from
https://www.greatlakespsychologygroup.com/blog/3-components-of-mental-health/
3. Cherry, K. (2014) Psychology Theories [WWW]
http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/u/psychology-theories.htm
4. Dattani, S., Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2021). Mental Health. Retrieved 11 October 2021,
from https://ourworldindata.org/mental-health
5. De Man J, Absetz P, Sathish T, Desloge A, Haregu T, Oldenburg B, et al. (2021-05-13).
"Are the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 Suitable for Use in India? A Psychometric Analysis".
Frontiers in Psychology. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676398
6. Goldberg DP et al. Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor, England:
NFER Publishing, 1978.
7. Grassi L, Riba M (2012-05-18). Clinical Psycho-Oncology: An International Perspective.
ISBN 9781119941095.
8. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB (September 2001). "The PHQ-9: validity of a brief
depression severity measure". Journal of General Internal Medicine.
doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
9. Mental health: strengthening our response. (2021). Retrieved 11 October 2021, from
https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-res
ponse
10. Mental health. (2021). Retrieved 11 October 2021, from
https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/mental-health

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APPENDIX
Consent form

I John Alex student from AIBAS am conducting a psychological Experiment/test on Mental

Health Inventory Your participation has solicited yet it is strictly voluntary. Please be aware that
you are free to withdraw at any point throughout the duration of the Experiment / Test.

Your result will be kept confidential and not disclosed to anyone without your permission or your
name will not be associated with any test findings.

Your participation in this study will require approximately 60 minutes. You are solely responsible
for not attending any classes during this period. Please, indicate with your signature below that
you understand your rights and agree to participate in the Experiment.

By my signature below, I acknowledge that I consent to a psychological test/experiment

conducted by John Alex I have been informed of the study and have read the consent form.

I fully understand my rights and obligations as a participant and I freely agree to this
assessment/test.

Signature of Subject

Date: 04-11-2021

Name of the student (from psychology) conducting the session: John Alex

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