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    Parts of The Cell and Cell Cycle

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    Jenilyn Farnacio
    This document outlines objectives and provides information about cell structure and function: 1. It lists three objectives: describe cell parts and functions, differentiate two cell types, and identify cell cycle steps. 2. It then provides a brief history of cell discovery by Robert Hooke in 1665 and outlines the three main points of the cell theory developed in the 1830s-1858. 3. The rest of the document defines key parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant cell structures and their functions, and cell transport and energy production systems like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts.

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    Parts of The Cell and Cell Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Jenilyn Farnacio
    15 views41 pages
    This document outlines objectives and provides information about cell structure and function: 1. It lists three objectives: describe cell parts and functions, differentiate two cell types, and identify cell cycle steps. 2. It then provides a brief history of cell discovery by Robert Hooke in 1665 and outlines the three main points of the cell theory developed in the 1830s-1858. 3. The rest of the document defines key parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant cell structures and their functions, and cell transport and energy production systems like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts.

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    Part 1

    Original Title

    PARTS OF THE CELL AND CELL CYCLE

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    This document outlines objectives and provides information about cell structure and function: 1. It lists three objectives: describe cell parts and functions, differentiate two cell types, and identify cell cycle steps. 2. It then provides a brief history of cell discovery by Robert Hooke in 1665 and outlines the three main points of the cell theory developed in the 1830s-1858. 3. The rest of the document defines key parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant cell structures and their functions, and cell transport and energy production systems like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views41 pages

    Parts of The Cell and Cell Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Jenilyn Farnacio
    This document outlines objectives and provides information about cell structure and function: 1. It lists three objectives: describe cell parts and functions, differentiate two cell types, and identify cell cycle steps. 2. It then provides a brief history of cell discovery by Robert Hooke in 1665 and outlines the three main points of the cell theory developed in the 1830s-1858. 3. The rest of the document defines key parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant cell structures and their functions, and cell transport and energy production systems like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 41

    Objectives :

    1. Describe the cell by identify the


    different parts of the cell and
    their function
    2. Differentiate the two types of
    cell
    3. Identify the steps of the cell
    cycle
    Objectives :
    1. Describe the cell by identify the
    different parts of the cell and
    their function
    2. Differentiate the two types of
    cell
    3. Identify the steps of the cell
    cycle
    BRIEF HISTROY OF THE CELLS DISCOVERY

    Initially discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, the cell has a rich and
    interesting history that has ultimately given way too many of today’s scientific
    advancements.
    o He first saw cells.
    o He was the first person to use the word “cell” to identify microscopic
    structures when he was describing cork.
    The cell theory states that:
    • All biological organisms are
    composed of cells
    • Cells are the unit of life
    • All life comes from pre-
    existing life
    Developers of Cell Theory:
    • Matthias Schleiden (1838) - Stated that all plants
    are composed of cells

    • Theodor Schwann (1839) - Stated that all


    animals are also composed of cells - Thus claimed,
    all living things are composed of cells

    • Rudolf Virchow (1858) - All cells come from pre-


    existing cells
    PLANT CELL
    Cytology is the study of the structure and the function of
    cells. Cells are the simplest unit of matter that is living
    CHARACTERISTICS PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE
    SIZE OF CELL 0.2-2 micrometer 10-100 micrometer

    EXAMPLE Bacteria, archaea Animasl and plants


    NUCLEUS Absent Present
    -Matured RBC has no nuclues
    MEMBRANE BOUND Absent Present
    ORGANELLE
    FLAGELLA Consist of protein building blocks Complex; consist of multiple microtubules

    CELL WALL Usually present Only in plants and fungi


    PLASMA MEMBRANE WITH Usually no Yes
    STEROID
    CYTOPLASM No cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic streaming Present

    RIBOSOMES 70 S RIBOSOME 80 S ROBOSOME

    CELL DIVISION Binary fission Mitosis


    NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES One, but not true chromosome More than one

    SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Conjugation Meiosis

    Naked Bound to protein


    Circular Linear
    Plant cell is the basic building block of plant life, and
    they carry out all of the functions necessary for
    survival.
    - They are eukaryotic cells, which have a true nucleus
    along with specialized structures called organelles
    that carry out different functions.
    RIDDLE :

    1. I serve as a protection of the cell to the external


    environment. I am also called a fluid mosaic model.
    I am a phospholipid bilayer which is consist of a
    polar head and a non polar tail.

    a. Cell wall b. cell membrane c. cytoplasm


    CELL MEMBRANE –
    barrier and protection
    “fluid mosaic model”:
    lipid bilayer
    RIDDLE :

    I am the jelly like fluid inside the cell. I provide an area


    of movement for all the dissolved molecules that keep
    the cell working. I am the?

    a. Cell wall b. cell membrane c. cytoplasm


    CYTOPLASM ( cytosol + organelle)
    - Contains organelles (organ like
    structure)
    NUCLUES – “control center/ brain of
    the cell”.
    - Contains DNA and RNA
    CYTOPLASM ( cytosol + organelle)
    - Contains organelles (organ like
    structure)
    NUCLUES – “control center/ brain of
    the cell”.
    - Contains DNA and RNA
    RIDDLE :

    When a cell needs energy, I take in nutrients break


    them down, and supply energy to the cell. I can also
    convert stored energy in the cell to food. I am a?

    a. vacuoles b. golgi apparatus c. mitochondria


    MITOCHONDRIA – “ power house of
    the cell”
    ATP synthesis (Oxidative
    Phosphorylation)
    Electron Transport Chain (ETC), Kreb
    cycle, Redox Reactions
    RIDDLE :

    I am the cells transport system. Their are two types of me, rough
    and smooth. The rough type has ribosomes attached. I am the?

    a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. golgi apparatus c. mitochondria


    1.ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
    ✓Smooth ER: no ribosomes
    Fx: Fatty Acid synthesis
    ✓Rough ER: with ribosomes
    Fx: Protein snyhtesis
    1.GOLGI APPARATUS/ BODIES – storage sites of
    proteins
    - Processing and modification of proteins
    - Ex: glycosylation ( attachment of carbohydrates to
    proteins ( glycoprotein)
    RIDDLE :

    We build proteins in the cell. We can be found in


    several places in the cell, including in the cytosol and
    on the endoplasmic reticulum. We are ?

    a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. ribosomes c. golgi body


    RIBOSOMES- complexes of ribosomal
    RNA and other proteins
    Prokaryotes – 70s ( 30S and 50 S )
    Eukaryotes – 80 S ( 40 S and 60 S )
    Note: Svedberg (S) – unit of
    sedimentation
    RIDDLE :

    I act like a digestive system of the animal cell. I


    contains enzymes that breaks down waste and othe
    materials.

    a. Lysosomes b. ribosomes c. NK cells


    LYSOSOMES - “ suicide sacs”
    ✓ Hydrolytic enzymes : macrophage/
    phagocyte
    Note: IgG antibodies promote the
    ingestion and killing of microbes by
    phagocytes
    ✓Peroxisome – specialized lysosome - contains H2O2
    (dihydrogen dioxide/ perhydroxic acid )
    -contains reducing enzymes like : catalase (make
    H2O2) and oxidases ( break down H2O2 )
    -help in lipid catabolism
    - help form phospholipid in the cell membrane
    Ex: plasmalogen- myelin sheath that covers the nerve
    -Reduction of reactive oxygen species ( R.O.S) aka:
    free radicals
    RIDDLE :

    I am a food producer for plant cells, I absorb light


    energy from the sun and use it to convert carbon
    dioxide. I am a?

    a. Chloroplast b. ribosomes c. nucleus


    9. CHLOROPLAST : plants only
    -chlorophyll: green pigment:
    photosynthesis
    • Cytoskeleton. The “framework”,
    Helps maintain the cell shape, motility
    and internal movement.

    • Microtubules. Large tubular


    structures composed of the protein
    tubulin.
    -cell division
    o Microfilaments – play a role in
    cytoplasmic streaming (cyclosis)
    • Plastids. Primarily involved in the manufacture and
    storage of food. - They are therefore involved in such
    processes as photosynthesis, synthesis of amino acids and
    lipids as well as storage of various materials among a few
    other functions.

    - Parts involved in photosynthesis


    - o Grana – stack of coins
    - o Thylakoids – contain chlorophyll
    - o Stroma – liquid portion, contains enzymes for
    photosynthesis, DNA that encodes production of protein
    for photosynthesis, RNA and ribosomes that facilitate
    protein synthesis
    Other PLASTIDS o Chromoplasts - yellow, orange or
    red in color due to the presence of carotenoid
    pigments.
    o Leucoplast – colorless plastids
    o Amyloplasts –synthesize starch
    o Elaioplast – synthesize oil
    o Etioplasts are photosynthetically inactive plastids
    that accumulate when light levels are too low for
    chloroplast maturation.
    Proplastids- where plastids are derived

    • Plasmodesma, plasmodesmata (pl.) Holes all over


    the cell wall which allows the nutrients to enter the
    cell and also allows the waste to exit the cell.
    Today I have
    learned
    about………
    I realized that
    ………

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