PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT REVIEWER - could include components of what

our parents have taught us, what we

Module 1: It Starts With ME admire in others, what our society
promotes, and what we think is in
• Ideal Self – the self that you aspire to be our best interest.

• Actual Self – the one that you actually see SELF-CONCEPT

- refers to your awareness of yourself.
• Self-knowledge – provides insight into - The Actual self and the ideal self
how others react to you are two broad categories of
self-concept.
• Self-image – how others view as to who - It is the construct that negotiates
you are these two selves.

• Personal Effectiveness – making use of SELF KNOWLEDGE

all the personal resources – talents, skills, - is derived from social interactions
energy, and time, to enable you to achieve that provide insight into how others
life goals. react to you.

NEGOTIATION
ACTUAL SELF - exists between the two selves which
- is the one that you actually see. is complex because there are
- It is the self that has characteristics numerous exchanges between the
that you were nurtured or, in some ideal and actual self.
cases, born to have.
- is built on self-knowledge. Alignment is important.
- is who we actually are.
- It is how we think, how we feel, look Note:
and act. - If the way that I am (actual self) is
- can be seen by others, but because aligned with the way that I want to
we have no way of truly knowing be (the ideal self), then I will feel a
how others view us, the actual self is sense of mental well-being or peace
our self-image. of mind. If the way that I am, is not
aligned with how I want to be, the
IDEAL SELF incongruence, or lack of alignment,
- is the self that you aspire to be. will result in mental distress or
- It is the one that you hope will anxiety. The greater the level of
possess characteristics similar to incongruence between the ideal self
that of a mentor or some other and real self, the greater the level of
worldly figure. resulting distress. Personal
- is how we are meant to be. development modules ultimate aim
- An idealized image that we have is greater self-knowledge that will
developed over time, based on what lead to higher alignment between
we have learned and experienced. these two personality domains.
 for ways to enrich talent and now
Module 2: I Do, I Have, I Share! they have won International fame in
the field of music.
• Personal effectiveness – making use of
all the personal resources: talents, skills, Module 3: Evaluating Thoughts,
energy and time, to enable you to achieve Feelings, and Actions
goal.
Self-concept – the idea or mental image
• Experience – includes knowledge and one has of oneself and one’s strengths,
skills that we acquire in our daily life weakness, status, etc.; self-image.

• Knowledge- facts, information, and skills Thought – the idea, plan, opinion, picture,
acquired by a person through experience or etc., that is formed in your mind.
education – covert symbolic responses to
stimuli that are either intrinsic (arising from
• Skills – the ability to do something well within) or extrinsic (arising from the
environment). Thought, or thinking, is
Notes: considered to mediate between inner
activity and external stimuli.
- Most failures emanate from
weaknesses that are not recognized Feeling – a physical or emotional
or probably recognized but not given experience or awareness
appropriate attention or remedy. This – in psychology, it is the perception
could be a weakness in of events in the body, closely related to
communications, personality or emotion
ability. Instead of giving up or
indulging in self-pity, take action. Go Action – an act that one consciously wills
for speech lessons, get skills and that may be characterized by physical
upgrading, attend personality or mental activity.
development sessions or whatever
appropriate remedies to your Physical Self: Describe yourself. Try not to
perceived weakness. censor any thoughts which come to your
mind. Include descriptions of your height,
- Instead of simply focusing on your weight, facial appearance, and quality of
weaknesses, recognize your own the skin, and hair and descriptions of body
talents and abilities, build on them, areas such as your neck, chest, waist, and
utilize them to your greatest legs.
advantage. This is where you can
build your name and popularity. Intellectual Self: Include here an
Handicapped people like Jose assessment of how well you reason and
Felician, and other blind singers did solve problems, your capacity to learn and
not brood over their physical create, your general amount of knowledge,
handicap. They recognized that they your specific areas of knowledge, wisdom
have a golden voice so they search you have acquired, and insights you have.
Emotional Self: Write as many words or development and history, and thought about
phrase about typical feelings you have, your metaphysical self. Think about your
feelings you seldom have, feelings you try inner peace and joy. Think about your
to avoid, feelings you especially enjoy, spiritual regimen or routine.
feelings from your past and present, and
feelings which are associated with each Reading: ASPECTS OF THE SELF
other.
The self-concept is represented by several
Sensual Self: Write how you feel as a aspects of the self. It is conceived as
sensual person. What sense do you use collection of multiple, context-dependent
most – sight, hearing, speaking, smelling, selves. This construct believes that context
touching? How do you feel about the activates particular regions of
different ways you take in information - self-knowledge and self-relevant feedback
through the eyes, ears, mouth, nose, and affects self-evaluations. A deeper look on
skin? In what ways do you let information in the different aspects of self can identify
and out of your body? specific areas for self-regulation, stability,
and improvement.
Interactional Self: Include descriptions of
your strengths and weaknesses in intimate In a nutshell, an individual is composed of
relationships and relationships to friends, three basic, but very different aspects of the
family, classmates, and strangers in social self. They are the physical or tangible
settings. Describe the strengths and aspects as they relate to the body, the
weaknesses which your friends and family intellectual and conscious aspects as
have noticed. Describe what kind of son or they relate to the mind, and the emotional
daughter, brother or sister you are. and intuitive aspects as they relate to the
spirit. All three aspects of the self work
Nutritional Self: How do you nourish together in perfect harmony when attention
yourself? What foods do you like and is paid to all three simultaneously.
dislike? What do you like and dislike about
these? Many individuals put a strong emphasis on
the physical aspect of the self. The body is
Contextual Self: Descriptors could be in tangible, and obvious, and we respond to it
the areas of maintenance of your living easily. More time and money is spent on
environment: reaction to light, temperature, enhancing the physical component than
space, weather, colors, sound, and seasons either of the other two aspects. This does
and your impact on the environment. not mean, however, that the body is healthy
or strong. The body provides a place to
Spiritual Self or Life Force: Write words or house the spirit (often experienced as
phrases which tell about how you feel in feelings) and the mind (often experienced
this area. This could include your feelings as thought).
about yourself and organized religion,
reactions about your spiritual connections to It may be important to some that their mind
others, feelings about your spiritual can be prominent and well educated. The
mind is important, as it is the part of the self Reading: THE POWER TRIAD –
that directs the other two aspects. The mind THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND ACTIONS
learns what to do and communicates the
information to the body and the feelings. Your thoughts, feelings, and actions are
What the mind believes, the body manifests interrelated. The connection between these
or acts on, and the emotions feel, or three is best represented in the diagram
respond with. People store both healthy and below.
destructive thoughts and beliefs and
responds to life's circumstances in the most
prominent manner. The mind provides
access creativity and serenity which are
necessary for such processes as prayer,
forgiveness, acceptance, and passion.

The human emotions are the most feared

aspect of the self, as individuals are
reluctant and unprepared to manage them.
Managing feelings is like trying to hold water CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) -
in the palm of your hand. They are illusive emphasizes the relationship between our
and deceptive. A decision made under thoughts, our feelings, and our behaviors.
emotional stress and strain usually impacts More specifically, how our thoughts change
emotions negatively. Negative emotions that the way that we feel, which subsequently
are not managed are stored and repressed. changes the way that we act, which then
influences our thoughts. Without
Repression is destructive to a content self intervention, the process continues to
since all feelings, not only negative ones repeat.
are stored away. Accessing feelings when
they are needed now becomes difficult, Thoughts are the words that run through
leaving the individual numb and hopeless. your mind. They’re the things you tell
yourself about what is going on around you.
For instance, a girl realizes that she is There are many different thoughts you could
giving much attention on the physical have about a single situation.
aspects and less attention on her
intellectual self. In this way, she can Feelings come and go as different things
discover how much money and time spent happen to you, you might feel happy, angry,
maintaining her physique and its and sad, all in one day. Some feelings are
consequences in her grades. By this honest uncomfortable, but they are not bad.
evaluation of herself, she can plan effective Everyone has these feelings from
actions to improve her study habits. She time-to-time.
can start seeking for help and for related
books to read or browse articles to help her Actions are the things you do, or the way
improve her study habits. you behave. Your thoughts and feelings
have a big impact on how you act. If you
feel happy, you are likely to do nice things.
But if you feel angry, you might want to act • win the goodwill of others, their respect
mean. and admiration;

Module 4: Power Triad in Everyday • get what he wants using win-win

Situations strategies; never at the expense of others;

Auto-pilot System (System 1) • discover and use opportunities to his best

- An automatic, fast, and unconscious way advantage
of thinking.
- Corresponds to your emotions and • develop and use his talents and abilities to
intuitions. the best advantage and in so doing, make a
meaningful contribution in making this world
Intentional System (System 2) a better place to live in.
- A slow, conscious, and effortful way of
thinking that requires attention and energy. READING:

Fight-or-Flight Response Manage Your Thoughts, Feelings, and

- An automatic psychological reaction to an Behaviors
event that is perceived as stressful or
frightening. The only things we can control in life are our
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. If we can
Power Triad manage those, we can achieve our goals
- Refers to your thoughts, feelings, and and gain success in life.
behavior.
To have this level of control, we need to
“The wolf that wins is the one that you learn about the science-based patterns
feed.” behind our emotions and thoughts, and how
- You have the power to control your to manage them. If we know how our minds
thoughts, feelings, and actions. Thus, you work, we can be intentional about
can decide specifically which personality to influencing our thinking and feeling patterns.
nurture – the good side or the bad side. We can evaluate reality more clearly, make
better decisions and improve our ability to
A REAL WINNER is one who is able to: achieve our goals. Thus, we gain greater
• win over his/her battles and difficulties in agency and the quality of living intentionally.
life and turns them into a learning and
glorifying experience; How do our minds work? Intuitively, our
mind feels like a cohesive whole. We
• find meaning in pleasant and unpleasant perceive ourselves as intentional and
events in his life; rational thinkers. Yet, cognitive science
research shows that in reality, the
• live in peace with difficult people and intentional part of our mind is similar to a
difficult situations; little rider on top of a huge elephant of
emotions and intuitions.
Roughly speaking, we have two thinking logical reasoning, probabilistic thinking, and
systems. Daniel Kahneman, who won the learning new information and patterns of
Nobel Prize for his research on behavioral thinking and behavior.
economics, calls them “System 1” and
“System 2." But I think the terms “autopilot While the automatic system requires no
system” and “intentional system” describe conscious effort to function, the intentional
them more clearly and intuitively. system takes deliberate effort to turn on,
and it is mentally tiring. Fortunately, with
The autopilot system corresponds to our enough motivation and appropriate training,
emotions and intuitions. Its cognitive the intentional system can turn on in
processes take place mainly in the situations where the autopilot system is
amygdala and other parts of the brain that prone to make errors, especially costly
developed early in our evolution. This ones.
system guides our daily habits, helps us
make snap decisions, and reacts instantly to
dangerous life-and-death situations (such
as saber-toothed tigers) through the freeze,
fight-or-flight stress response. While it
helped us survive in the past, the
fight-or-flight response is not a great fit for
modern life.
The autopilot system is like an elephant. It's
by far the more powerful and predominant
We have many small stresses that are not
of the two systems.
life-threatening, but the autopilot system
treats them like tigers. This produces an
Our emotions can often overwhelm our
unnecessarily stressful everyday life
rational thinking. Moreover, our intuitions
experience that undermines our mental and
and habits determine the large majority of
physical well-being. Moreover, while the
our lives, which we spend on autopilot
snap judgments resulting from intuitions and
mode. That's not a bad thing at all. It would
emotions might feel true because they are
be mentally exhausting to think intentionally
fast and powerful, they sometimes lead us
about every action and decision.
in the wrong, in systemic and predictable
ways.
The intentional system is like the elephant
rider. It can guide the elephant deliberately
The intentional system reflects our rational
to go in the direction that matches that of
thinking and centers around the prefrontal
our actual goals.
cortex: the part of the brain that evolved
more recently. According to recent research,
Certainly, the elephant part of the brain is
it developed as humans started to live within
huge and unwieldy. It is slow to turn and
larger social groups. This thinking system
change, and it stampedes at threats.
helps us handle more complex mental
activities, such as managing individual and
But we can train the elephant. Your rider
group relationships,
can be an elephant whisperer. Over time,
you can use the intentional system to
change your automatic thinking, feeling, and an adolescent. These are also the activity
behavioral patterns. In this way, you will that were given. Remember? On your
become a better agent in terms of taking activity 1, you are being asked to check the
charge of your life and reaching your goals. tasks that you think you had already
finished or completed. While on activity 2
Module 5: Developmental Tasks and are the tasks you have experience
Challenges of Adolescence difficulties and felt challenging as an
adolescent. The question is how can an
• Task – a usually assigned piece of work adolescent achieve those developmental
often to be finished within a certain time tasks if he/she is facing challenges in life?

• Social Responsibility – is an ethical

framework and suggests that an individual,
has an obligation to act for the benefit of
society at large.

• Lifespan – the average length of life of a Jeffrey C. Miller, Ph.D. has a point of view
kind organism or of a material object about the developmental challenges of
especially in a particular environment or adolescent/ teenagers. He gave a brief
under specified circumstances. summary of the most significant
developmental issues that an adolescent
The developmental tasks theory of Robert face:
J. Havighurst elaborated in the most
systematic and extensive manner. His main 1. Physical Transformation
assertion is that development is continuous
throughout the entire lifespan, occurring in Probably the most obvious changes are
stages, where the individual moves from physical; the teenager or adolescent is
one stage to next by means of successful literally transforming from a child to an adult
resolution of problems or performance of physically. A transformation that is
developmental tasks. disorienting to both the teenage and for
everyone around him/her.
According to Havighurst, at the stage of
adolescence, you must achieve and 2. Sexual development
prepare the adulthood stage. He
emphasizes that an adolescent must The teenagers or adolescent years witness
already achieve mature relations with both the emergence of sexuality, with all of its
sexes, masculine or feminine social role, hormonal changes, all of its ups and downs
accepting one’s physique, achieving and all of its emotional complications.
emotional independence of adults,
preparing for marriage and family life and 3. Separation from parents
for an economic career, acquiring values
and an ethical system to guide behavior, It is on a crash course of how to live life with
desiring and achieving social responsibility primary dependence on him/herself rather
behavior. All of these are the transitions of
than being guided, taught and supported by READING: “Within me”
parents.
Evaluating One’s Own Development is
4. Identity v. role confusion connected with Self-introspection.
Introspection is something from within.
With growing independence comes the According to the good writer who gave the
whole challenge of a teenager or an definition of introspection. He says,
adolescent learning who he/she is and what “Introspection, an examination of one’s self
role he/she will be playing in the world and acknowledgment of the movements
regarding friends, family, jobs and etc. within. Self-examination allows us to
improve and be compassionate to other.”
5. Social issues/group identity v. Likewise, one’s own development through
individuality the help of others is very significant.

With growing adulthood, comes the The outside forces will help you a lot
challenge of learning what groups and especially their responses on your question
communities a person wants to be part of, on the activity 1. Especially the Johari’s
and how those groups and communities windows activity, it brought out everything.
impact their own sense of individuality. Through that activity, the hidden agenda
from you which you do not know and you
6. Growing responsibility only know will arise. Thus, evaluating their
answers will come to the point that you
A substantial challenge for a teenager or an need others. According to the Johari’s
adolescent is learning to bear the personal window, there’s an “open area”, “blind area”,
responsibility of living a healthy, productive, “hidden area” and “unknown area”. All of
compassionate, and caring adult life. these areas will help to know the person
better.
Module 6: Knowing Yourself Through the
Help of Others Hence, people surround you will help in
evaluating of yourself. Those questions that
• Introspection - an examination of one’s you have given are a great help in
self and acknowledgment of the movements assessing who you are. For example, one of
within. them answered, “you are very boastful”,
now, on that judgment, you can say to
• Compassionate - having or showing yourself “ah! So, they thought of me as
compassion a boastful person” you can already change
it by looking to yourself. And say, “I have to
• Expectation - the act or state of expecting change”. Thus, your development as a
person will lead you to a better version of
yourself.