PHI101.3 MIDTERM EXAM - Sunjiya - 1631152030

MIDTERM EXAM
NAME: Sunjiya Siddiqua

ID: 1631152030
Section: 3
Course: PHI101
2 no questions answer
Idealism: Idealism is the belief that the basic stuff is based on the mind, or that the universe's
fundamental elements are mental or spiritual. Idealism rejects the existence of objective objects
that are not dependent on the minds of those who know them. The mind is the most important
thing in the world. External objects, according to this perspective, are either mind-dependent or
do not exist at all. Philosophers who are idealists distinguish between reality and appearance.
They characterize the former as conceptual or ideal, while the latter is defined as the actual items
of everyday life. Idealism either explains away our commonsense conviction in the existence of
the physical basic stuffs or reduces it to a mere appearance or self-manifestation of the spirit. For
example: Sometimes we heard that someone who is usually honest thinks that all other people
are honest and telling the truth, and the people who are dishonest thinks that others are lying too.
This demonstrates how a person's view of reality is reliant on how their own mind functions.
Advantages of idealism:
(1) Idealism may explain nature's design, wholeness, and harmony in terms of the ultimate
spirit's built-in consciousness.
(2) The ultimate spirit, which is non-material, may explain mental faculties such as thinking,
feeling, willing, and so on. It is unnecessary for an idealist to regard mind as a brain
activity. Thus, without the material brain's motions and changes, the mind's actions may
be understood.
(3) Idealism can explain the relationship between the knower and the thing known. The
knowing object is the appearance of the genuine idea/form, and the knowing object is the
mind or spirit.
(4) People can be more hopeful because to idealism. Idealism gives people the freedom to
look at any topic in whatever way they wish.
The etymological meaning of the word “Philosophy” is the word has come from two Greek
words: philos and sophia. “philos” means “love” and ‘sophia’ means ’wisdom/knowledge’. So
philosophy means love of knowledge.
This definition cannot be used because this definition does not provide us with a clear picture of
philosophy. It is a too broad and comprehensive definition that fails to describe the distinctive
features of philosophy. For example: all sciences and other fields include a desire of wisdom or
knowledge. It is possible to appreciate knowledge or wisdom without engaging in any
philosophical pursuits. We need a definition which will provide us with an understanding of the
essence and features of philosophy and enable us to distinguish philosophy from other
disciplines.
Plato’s idealism called objective idealism because:
Objective idealism is a philosophy advocated by Plato. Reality, according to Plato, is a
domain of ideas or forms, which are the origins of all things. He clearly distinguishes
between what is true and what appears to be true. He believes that concepts or forms exist
in a world. These concepts or structures are immutable. And what we see in the realm of
experience is just a reflection or a partial copy of the concepts or shapes. In the realm of
experience, everything we perceive is subject to change. Plato, on the other hand,
believes that reality is immutable. As a result, the universe of ideas or forms is real, and
ideas or forms are actual objects. And the things we see in our everyday lives aren't
genuine. However, they aren't completely fictitious. They are genuine in the sense that
they imitate, embody, or engage in the concepts. As a result, they're just somewhat real,
but the concepts are completely genuine. For example: a specific horse is born, changes,
and eventually ceases to exist. As a result, it's a fabrication. The ideal horse, on the other
hand, does not alter and does not cease to exist. It is unalterable. That's why it's authentic.
Plato defined concepts as "thoughts" rather than "objects." However, they are immutable,
objective, and extra-mental. Objective idealism refers to Plato's idealism, which argues
for the objective presence of concepts.

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