SEAMEO BIOTROP

ANNUAL REPORT 2021 - 2022

Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

Jalan Raya Tajur Km. 6
Bogor 16134, Indonesia
SEAMEO BIOTROP Annual Report FY 2021 - 2022
Copyright ©2022 SEAMEO BIOTROP

Advisors : Dr Zulhamsyah Imran (Director of SEAMEO BIOTROP)

Dr Perdinan (Deputy Director for Administration of SEAMEO BIOTROP)
Dr Evelyn V. Bigcas (Deputy Director for Program of SEAMEO BIOTROP)
Managing Editor : Haritz Cahya Nugraha
Contributors : Santi Ambarwati, Sri Widayanti, Dewi Suryani, Tenni Wahyuni, Erina Sulistiani, Yuni Puspitasari,
Asep Syaefudin, Rima Febriana, Haritz Cahya Nugraha, Bambang Sulistio
Editors : Haritz Cahya Nugraha and Sri Ismawati Soerianegara
Layout : Dani Yudi Trisna
Cover design : Dani Yudi Trisna
Photographer : Asep Saepudin

Published by:
SEAMEO BIOTROP
Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
Jalan Raya Tajur Km. 6, Bogor 16134, Indonesia
Phone : +62 251 8323848
Fax : +62 251 8326851
Email : [email protected]
 Vision:
To become a reputable center for sustainable biodiversity
management in Southeast Asia

Mission:
• To deliver innovative products and technologies
in science-education for saving biodiversity in
transforming best practices for the betterment of
Southeast Asia societies.
• To promote applied science education on sustainable
use of biodiversity for the well-being of society in
Southeast Asia.
• To build highly competent human resources for
managing sustainable biodiversity in Southeast Asia.
GOVERNING BOARD CHAIR’S MESSAGE
These days, we are facing worldwide challenges on environmental problems such as land degradation, biodiversity
loss, and climate change. These are cross-cutting issues that cannot be separated. In this fiscal year, I encourage
SEAMEO BIOTROP to consolidate these global and regional issues into the Center’s Programs and Activities.
SEAMEO BIOTROP shall play a role as a connector among of multi-stakeholders’ initiatives that reciprocally bridges
science to policy and policy to science in responding to the regional demand across Southeast Asia.
SEAMEO BIOTROP has been acknowledged by many stakeholders as a center that accommodates and serves many
researchers as well as communities and vocational schools in the forms of internships, mentoring and partnerships.
Many Memoranda of Understanding and Memoranda of Agreement have been signed between SEAMEO BIOTROP
and research institutions, universities, vocational schools, and communities from Indonesia and abroad. Regular
webinars and online talk-shows are presented by SEAMEO BIOTROP to deliver the designed programs and activities
in articulating “Save Biodiversity” with the encapsulated vision “BIODIVERSITY ENRICHMENT FROM MOUNTAIN TO
OCEAN FOR SUSTAINABLE HUMAN WELFARE”.
We have transformed the challenges into opportunities for sharing knowledge and practices reaching audiences
globally without any borders across space and time. It is relatively common now to any means of digital technologies
and platforms to discuss important issues attended by national leaders, prominent academicians, and famous
persons worldwide. I can see that this digital platform has been utilized efficiently by SEAMEO BIOTROP so the
Center can deliver products and services related to the Center’s core subject in accommodating the international
conventions and national interests across Southeast Asia countries.
As the Chairman of SEAMEO BIOTROP Governing Board, I congratulate the Director of SEAMEO BIOTROP and his
staff for the commitments and excellent work for the centre. In this era of globalization and competition, creativity,
innovation and hard work are the key factors for survival. Save Biodiversity!
DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE
SEAMEO BIOTROP is among the oldest Centre in SEAMEO Family located in Bogor Indonesia established in 1968 (54
Years old). One of the objective of BIOTROP is to provide leadership in critical and strategic areas of tropical biology
relevant to the region; promote regional networking and partnership in human resource development through research,
training, information dissemination and other related activities, and to ensure their stability.
This year marks the end of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s 10th five-year development plan. The 10th FYDP of SEAMEO BIOTROP
envisions the Centre to become “a leading Centre in enriching and promoting the real value of tropical biology in
Southeast Asia”, and has established clear impact pathways of its research, capacity building, and information
dissemination activities in conserving and sustainably managing tropical biodiversity for the well-being of Southeast
Asian communities and their environment.
Concerning national and regional demands, the Centre also realizes that it needs to undertake a profound change in
its approach and reorient itself to a different level of organizational effectiveness and efficiency in strengthening its
role in saving biodiversity. Thus, the Centre developed a concept note on “Strengthening SEAMEO BIOTROP’s Role in
Saving Biodiversity” and re-defined its flagships programs, as follows: (1) Ecosystem restoration and conservation; (2)
Sustainable use of biodiversity, bio-energy, biotechnology, and ensuring food security and safety; and (3) Resilience
against global climate change.
In the Framework of the 11th SEAMEO BIOTROP Five-Year Development Plan FY 2022-2027, The Center have
reformulated its vision to become a reputable Center for sustainable biodiversity management in Southeast Asia.
Based on its three program thrust, the Center also formulated its SEABID strategies to achieve its goals, as well as
defining its 7 + 1 Flagship programs and its activities to ensure SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and
Timebound) goals and milestones.
I would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of Republic of Indonesia, SEAMEO
Member Countries, SEAMEO Secretariat, SEAMEO BIOTROP Governing Board Members, SEAMEO Centres, and Deputy
Directors, Managers, Researchers and all staffs at SEAMEO BIOTROP for working together in realizing the vision of
SEAMEO BIOTROP to be a reputable center for biodiversity management in Southeast Asian Region.

Thank you very much and may God protect us all from Covid pandemic.

Wassalamualaikum wr wb.

Dr Zulhamsyah Imran
SEAMEO BIOTROP Director
1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

GOVERNING BOARD CHAIR’S MESSAGE

DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
DESIGN AND ELEMENTS
The Design
Elements
Challenges
The Structure of the Annual Report
STRATEGIC THEME 1: Regional Leadership and International and Global Visibility
Key Results Area: Leading and participating in regional and global projects, programs, and events for better
visibility
Key Results Area: Building SEAMEO image as regional organization of choice for implementing SDG relevant
work and other relevant programs
STRATEGIC THEME 2: Program Excellence and SDG Relevance
Key Results Area: Strengthening research and development programs
Key Results Area: Enhancing innovative programs under SEAMEO priority areas
STRATEGIC THEME 3: Strategic Partnership, Stakeholder Engagement, and Linkages
Key Results Area: Improving stakeholders’ engagement to ensure that each individual is equipped with
relevant skills to deal with the rapidly changing world of work
Key Results Area: Expanding SEAMEO membership and partners, optimizing linkages from the regional and
global coalition and alliances
STRATEGIC THEME 4: Digital Transformation and Rapid Changes Adoption
Key Results Area: Removing barriers to digitalization and education innovation and support the 21st century
skills development for teachers, education personnel, and learners
Key Results Area: Supporting responsive reform to effectively transform and respond to the changing global
context in the region, including quality management

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3
Executive Summary
SEAMEO BIOTROP continuously improves from year to year to deliver excellent services in implementing the Centre’s
main mandates, namely: Research, Training and Other Learning Activities, and Information Dissemination according
to the FYDP 10th. The Centre stipulated the mandates into programs and activities to serve the targeted beneficiaries
across the Southeast Asia region with refer to the Centre’s vision “to be a leading Centre in promoting and enriching
the real values of tropical biology in the Southeast Asia”.
Some adaptations to the Centre’s programs and outputs were made due to Covid-19 pandemic in accordance with the
government’s regulations, national situation as well as national budget revision. Nevertheless, the Centre endeavored
to implement programs to achieve its targets as planned.
The Centre’s accomplishments included in the Annual Report for FY 2021/2022 are classified into 4 Strategic Themes
of SEAMEO Integrated Operational Plan 2021 – 2025 and its Key Results Area (KRA). The highlighted achievements for
the period of July 2021 to June 2022 per KRA are as follows:
Strategic Theme 1: Regional Leadership and international and Global Visibility
KRA: Leading and participating in regional and global project, programs, and events for better visibility
Trainings & Learning Events
In the FY in review, SEAMEO BIOTROP has conducted a total of 35 trainings and other learning events. The activities
consisted of two international workshops and one international conference, ten national training courses, four
regional and eleven national webinars, one talk show, five national workshops and focus group discussions and
one inhouse training. A total of 5.342 individuals from government institutions, schools, universities, research
centers, and private sectors, benefited from these activities. SEAMEO BIOTROP conducted these events through
online platform, face to face in BIOTROP, and through hybrid mode(online and offline).

The Centre conducted an International workshop on Climate Change with the theme of “Indonesia Sea as Global
Climate Engine: Climate Change and Coastal Resilience”, and Regional Webinar entitled “What does The Peatland
Ecosystem Face in The Future”. These workshops and regional training courses invited highly ranked official from
the country government (Coordinating Ministry for Marine Affairs and Investment, Meteorology, Climatology and
Geophysics Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Development and Planning Agency of Pekalongan City)
and well-known professors, scientists, and practitioners from Indonesia, USA, China, and UK. The International
Workshop on Climate Change was attended by 411 participants consisted of researchers, lecturers, government
agencies, and general public from Indonesia and abroad.

KRA: Building SEAMEO image as regional organization of choice for implementing SDG relevant work and
other relevant programmes
Internship and on-the-job trainings
To support MoECRT program of Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka, the center have facilitated 5 students from the
Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture of the Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran East Java.
The students learned about the management of the Invasive Species and Modern Biotechnology Program which
translated to 20 credits for their study.

At the beginning of 2022, the center formulated its offered curriculum through workshops and Focused Group
Discussions on “Potential for Implementation of the MBKM Program for Higher Education in Indonesia.

the Center accommodated a total of 197 students to conduct On-The-Job Training at the Center’s laboratory as
well as other supporting departments. The Centre also facilitated 18 students from universities in Indonesia to
conduct their research

Scientific Visits
During the fiscal year of July 2021-June 2022, the Centre re-opened its scientific visit program. The Centre has
accommodated 1174 visitors from 45 various schools, universities, government agencies, private companies,
communities as well as regional/international institutions by following the health protocols.
The designation of the Centre as the venue for capacity buildings through the Internship and on-the-job training
and scientific visits is in line with SDG No. 4 on Quality Education.

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 Strategic Theme 2: Program excellence and SDG relevance
KRA: Strengthening research and development
Research
For the fiscal year under review, the Centre allocated the budgets from the Indonesian Government to fund 35
research projects, including 23 national research projects, 7 SMARTS-BE (School Fruit Garden for Education,
Production, Genetic Conservation and Entrepreneurship in Agriculture Vocational Senior High Schools in Indonesia)
Research projects, 1 PhD Thesis support grantee program, and 4 research projects from school garden teacher.
In 2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP has been focusing its research on supporting 6 Excellent programs, namely:
• Save Biodiversity for Future Generations
• Biodiversity Ranking and Database from Mountain to Ocean
• Agro-ecoedutourism
• School of Ecology, Biodiversity, and Aquatic
• Climate, Energy, and Environment Literacy on Biodiversity
• Educational Model of Nature and Human-Made Biodiversity: In- and Out-Class Teaching Learning

The research team in cooperation with the stakeholders of the Government and, educational institutions, private
sectors, and national and international organizations, conducted research, disseminate knowledge and research
findings, as well as the research results. Under the coordination of MoECRT, The research team initiates cooperation
or collaboration to conduct the work with government institutions (MoECRT, BRIN, MoEF), Universities (IPB University,
University of Indonesia, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Mataram University,), and international partners (University of
Wellington, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Bangor University, and Google Indonesia)
The working mechanism is also changing by restructuring a research team for each key program. Each research team
is guided by principal investigators who hold a PhD degree, coordinated by the head of section assigned by the Centre,
and team members. The team is also encouraged to partner with relevant academicians, scientists, and professionals.
The Centre initiated a new program called BIOTROP Affiliates and Associates in the mid-2022 to systematically connect
the Centre’s programs and its networks.

KRA: Enhancing innovative programs under seameo priority areas

BIODivers, Bio-science general magazine
In December 2021, the Centre launched the first issue of BIODIVERS magazine, a scientific publication to increase
awareness on issues related to Tropical Biodiversity from the Mountain to the Ocean (MOTO) and increase biodiversity
literacy.
BIODIVERS is a bi-annual publication with International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) and is published every January
and July. The magazine focuses on; (1) Restoration and Conservation of Unique and Degraded Ecosystems, (2)
Sustainable of Management and Proper Utilization of Biodiversity, Bioenergy, Biotechnology to Support Food Security,
and (3) Strengthening Ecosystem Resilience in Facing Global Climate Change.
Articles published in BIODIVERS cover the results of research, short communication in which advances in knowledge of
significance were briefly announced, and reviews on specific topics.

Seaweed Seedling Tissue Culture Technology

The Centre in collaboration with the Indonesian Ministry of Marine and Fisheries conducted projects since 2014
to increase the productivity of high-quality seaweed seedlings through 1. Technology transfer on tissue culture; 2.
Micropropagule procurement; 3. Distribution of seaweed seedlings propagated by using tissue culture techniques;
and 4. Technology assistance. As the results the Ministry has 6 established tissue culture laboratories located at 6
different fisheries agencies in Indonesia, i.e., Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Laut Lampung, Balai Pengembangan
Budidaya Laut Lombok, Balai Pengembangan Budidaya Laut Ambon, Balai Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Takalar,
Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Jepara and Balai Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Situbondo.

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Strategic Theme 3: Strategic partnership stakeholder engagement and linkages
KRA: Improving stakeholders’ engagement to ensure that each individual is equipped with relevant skills to deal
with rapidly changing world of work
Publication
In 2021, the centre’s scientific journal have reached Q3 in accordance to Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) for agricultural
and biological sciences, and ecology category.
The Centre published 3 issues of BIOTROPIA Journal, 4 monographs and/or technical guides on the Centre’s research
activities and expertise. The Centre also disseminated information on the Centre’s activities and products through
quarterly BIO Courier newsletter (previously BIOTROP Courier), brochures, official website, mass media, and social
media. In support of training and other learning activities, the Centre has produced 4 series of technical guidance
videos, 6 infographics, and 9 BIOSync podcast series. These products can be accessed freely by the users who are
engaged with the Centres or via the Centre’s website and social media.

KRA: Expanding SEAMEO membership and partners, optimizing linkages from the regional and global coalition
and alliances
Partnership & Linkages
In the fiscal year in review the Centre signed 7 regional and 29 national Memoranda of Understanding, including the MoU
with Mindanao State University on 28 July 2022.The Centre have also initiated regional and international cooperation
through collaborative meetings with Pangasinan State University, Maritime University of Raja Ali Haji-Riau-Sumatera,
and two private companies in Indonesia on development for tissue culture on seaweed.
Strategic Theme 4: Digital transformation and rapid changes adoption
KRA: Removing barriers to digitalization and education innovation and support to 21st century skills development
for teachers, education personnel, and learners
The Centre’s key program on Educational Model of Nature and Human-Made Biodiversity: In- and Out-Class Teaching
Learning is undergoing. Practically, the prototype of Agro-ecoedutourism at the Centre’s Campus is also formulated
to provide new learning experience to teachers, education personnel, and learners. These two initiatives engagement
with the stakeholders started through several workshops and focus group discussion activities such as: 1. Workshop
on Developing Multi-Stakeholders Collaboration on SEAMEO BIOTROP Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism Program in Supporting
Education for Biodiversity Conservation that was conducted on 25 May 2022; 2. Workshop and Focus Group Discussion
on Identification of Vocational School Needs in the Field of Tropical Biology; as well as 3. Workshop and Focused Group
Discussion on “Potential for Implementation of the MBKM Program for Higher Education in Indonesia” on 9 March 2022.

KRA: Supporting responsive reform to effectively transform and respond to the changing global context in the
region, including quality management
Administration and Management
After the approval of the 59th Governing Board Meeting in 2021, the Centre have been implementing the new
Organizational Management and Structure since the beginning of 2022. The changes was made to respond the national
and international issues. With the new management and organization structure, the Centre is expected to implement
the management system more efficiently and effectively.
The Centre already issued at least two of directors’ memo and three of directors’ decision letters equipped with guidance
to effectively measure staff performance, manage individual travels, report finance, decide cooperation with partners,
and disseminated highlighted external issues that affects the Centre’s business process, to staff members through
management meetings.

In line with the new Organizational Management and Structure, the Centre continues to adopt the ISO of 9001:2015.
The Centre’s 10th Five Year Development Plan ended on 30 June 2022. In Therefore, the Centre shall formulate
its 11th FYDP for FY 2022-2027 and takes consideration of the evaluation of the previous FYDP, Centre. In its 11th
FYDP, to increase the Centre’s contributions and enhance the organization’s visibility, the Centre launched 8 excellent
programs namely: Save Biodiversity for Future Generations; Biodiversity Ranking and Database from Mountain to
Ocean; Agro-Eco-Edu tTourism; School of Ecology, Biodiversity, and Aquatic; Climate, Energy, and Environment Literacy
on Biodiversity; Educational Model of Nature and Human-Made Biodiversity: In- and Out-Class Teaching and Learning

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 Processes, Development of Biological Engineering for Sustainable Use of Biodiversity; Institutional Governance and
Human Resources Development.

Facility Management
The Centre also made preparations for Pandemic-to-Endemic Transition by renovating facilities to support researches,
trainings and other learning activities
In 2022, the Centre launched the new “Cozy” Studio to support podcast and other video materials productions. The
Centre also made preparations for Pandemic-to-Endemic Transition by renovating facilities to support researches,
trainings and other learning activities.

Financial Viability
For the fiscal year of July 2021 to June 2022 the Centre received a total of USD 1,055,945 from Government of Indonesia
to support national researches, trainings, information dissemination and operational activities, and USD 71,000 from
SEAMEO to support regional researches, trainings, international conferences, Governing Board Meetings and personnel
exchange programme.
The funds were utilized according to the standard procedure established by the Center in accordance with the GoI and
Financial Operating Manual (FOM) guidelines. The funds from cooperation with partners, i.e., mostly at the national
level, were also received and disbursed following the standard procedures. The center is also currently establishing
impact-based measures for funds’ utilization per researcher or staff and unit or department corresponding with the
deliverables in the forms of publications, services, and products.

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Design and Element
 The Design
Since its establishment on 6 February 1968, SEAMEO BIOTROP has continuously improved to deliver excellent services
in implementing the Center’s main mandates, Research, Capacity Building, and Information Dissemination in the field
of tropical biology. Currently, SEAMEO BIOTROP is hosted by the Government of Indonesia under the Secretary General
of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia with a home base at IPB
University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Based on the Center’s mandates, the international challenges on environmental treaties on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), Biodiversity (UNCBD), and Land Degradation (UNCCD) adopted by the ASEAN and the host country,
Indonesia. The Center promotes the focal theme of “Tropical Biodiversity Enrichment” to advocate program actions
from laboratory to field works. This focus helps the Center to define management strategies and indicators in
order to enhance the Center’s leadership, visibility, and solid resource base as the Key Resource Areas of the
SEAMEO Strategic Plan 2021-2030 and the 9th SEAMEO Integrated Operational Plan. The Center formulates
strategic actions for restructuring the functions of management units (i.e., Department, Laboratory, Service and
Business Units) and the main indicators toward institutional recognition and infrastructure sustainability (Figure 1)

Figure 1 The Strategic Actions for Restructuring the Functions of Management Units and the Formulation of Main Indicators of Institutional
Recognition and Infrastructure Sustainability Towards SEAMEO BIOTROP Excellence Recognition

SEAMEO BIOTROP believes that the FYDP is an important tool for institutionalizing, guiding and implementing
SEAMEO BIOTROP’s program in order to achieve the Center’s vision, mission and objectives. 2022 will mark the end of
SEAMEO BIOTROP’s 10th Five-Year Development Plan (FYDP) that takes place for Fiscal Year 2017-2022. Therefore, the
evaluation results and better practices conducted in the 10th FYDP were considered and analysed to provide the basic
data and information for developing the new vision, missions, strategic plans, flagship programs, priority programs as
well as activities and budget plans in the period 2022-2027.
The Center’s 11th FYDP document was produced through various participatory consultation and discussion processes
conducted from July 2021 to June 2022. Multiple studies and data analyses were conducted to define development
strategies, flagship programs, projects and activities such as Desk research, SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, Threats), GAPs, and theoretical analysis of change.
Those analyses were also supported by Strategic Mapping and ensuring SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Reasonable, Time Bond) Goals to formulate Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and budget plans. All processes in
establishing the 11th FYDP supported the achieved agreements in defining the roles and responsibilities in achieving
SEAMEO BIOTROP’s goals and vision. Series of workshops and Focus Groups Discussions were carried out to formulate
programs, projects, activities and budget plans in the period 2022-2027
In formulating program priorities for the 11th FYDP, several factors were considered, as follow, Programs are; (1)
Designed to support the achievement of the Program Thrusts and the Flagship Programs; (2) Aligned and supportive
of the SEAMEO Strategic Plan 2021-2030; (3) Aligned with the SEAMEO 7 Priority areas in science and education; and
(4) Supportive of the achievement of SDGs and ASEAN 2030 (Figure 2).

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 Figure 2. SEAMEO BIOTROP 11th FYDP Strategic Actions

Based on regional strategic issues and SWOT analysis, SEAMEO BIOTROP needs to adjust its Vision and Missions.
SEAMEO BIOTROP’s new vision is to become a reputable center for sustainable biodiversity management in Southeast
Asia. This new vision was generated through a series of participatory workshop and shared commitment among
stakeholders.
Being a reputable center in Southeast Asia refers to SEAMEO BIOTROP being able to fulfill or achieve its mandates,
namely:
• SEAMEO BIOTROP takes the lead in science-education on Biodiversity, Biotechnology, Bioprospecting and
Bioproducts (science-education).
• SEAMEO BIOTROP manages innovative and creative human capacity building based on customer/market needs
(human capacity building).
• SEAMEO BIOTROP connects science and the learning system based on Applied Digital Science Technology
(information dissemination).

SEAMEO BIOTROP has set a target for its flagship subprogram, namely research and development of a model in the
field of tropical biology in the Southeast Asia region. SEAMEO BIOTROP’s flagship program is an umbrella program
(program thrusts) contained in the 10th year “Five-Year Development Plan (FYDP)” and modified into 11th FYDP. These
program thrusts are in line with SEAMEO Priority Area 3 (prioritizing resilience in the face of emergencies), 4 (promoting
TVET), and 6 (harmonization higher education and research) SEAMEO. The featured program thrusts consist of:
• Restoration and conservation of unique and degraded ecosystems;
• Sustainable of management and wisely utilization of biodiversity, bioenergy, biotechnology, and food security; and
• Strengthening ecosystem resilience to global climate change.
Elements

Figure 3. SEAMEO BIOTROP’s SEA-BID Strategies and 7+1 Flagship Programs

SEAMEO BIOTROP’s realize the key component to reach its vision, and recognition as reputable center for sustainable
biodiversity management in Southeast Asia, relies in the Center’s contribution to produce competent human resources
through the development of creative biodiversity learning models that can be adopted and implemented by schools
and human resources for education staff in Indonesia.
SEAMEO BIOTROP will implement strategies in the 11th FYDP to optimize program achievements and impact.
Furthermore, these strategies need to adjust with progressive strategy approaches. The tagline “SEA-BID Strategy” has
been compiled to reflect the progressive strategy approaches used in the 11th FYDP 2022-2027 of SEAMEO BIOTROP.
The SEA-BID strategy includes strengthening, empowering, accelerating, building, increasing and developing efforts
towards biodiversity conservation.
SEAMEO BIOTROP Flagship program is a series of programs and activities formulated by translating SEAMEO BIOTROP
program thrust in order to realize its 11th FYDP output targets. The flagship programs consisted of 7 programs and 1
institutional governance and human resources development. The programs namely: (1) Save Biodiversity for Future
Generations; (2) Biodiversity Ranking and Database from Mountain to Ocean; (3) Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism; (4) School
of Biodiversity; (5) Climate, Energy, and Environment Literacy on Biodiversity; (6) Educational Model of Nature and
Human Made Biodiversity: In-and Out-of-Classroom Teaching and Learning Processes; (7) Biotechnology Engineering
for Sustainable Use of Biodiversity.
In the 11th FYDP, SEAMEO BIOTROP internalized and formulated its core values referring to SEAMEO’s core values.
The new core value of SEAMEO BIOTROP is called SCIENCE: Sustainability, Creativity, Integrity, Equality, Naturality,
Connectivity and Egality.
 Figure 4. SCIENCE Core Values of SEAMEO BIOTROP

SEAMEO BIOTROP strives to realize the stakeholders and values through the implementation of good corporate
governance (SOTK). With the implementation of SOTK, organizations acquire balance both internally and externally,
while also maintaining transparent business ethics in accordance with applicable regulations. Implementation of the
New SOTK can help SEAMEO BIOTROP to enhance the management of its business operations while maintaining the
Center’s reputation that complies with the applicable laws and regulations. The implementations of SOTK refer to the
following five principles:
a. Transparency, the principle of transparency prioritizes the decisions making process and discloses material and
relevant information regarding the company’s business activities.
b. Accountability, the principle of accountability provides clarity on the functions and responsibilities of each
department in the institution as well as the effective implementation of functions and responsibilities.
c. Responsibility, SEAMEO BIOTROP continuously upholds the principle of responsibility in making business
activities in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations in Indonesia, sound corporate principle and the
implementation of corporate social responsibility commitment.
d. Fairness, the principle of fairness and equality in fulfilling the stakeholder in accordance with the applicable laws
and regulations.
e. Independency, the principle of independency puts forward justice in managing the company professionally without
dominations, conflict of interest, or intimidation from various parties that is contrary to the law and sound corporate
principles.
 Figure 5. Transparent and Accountable Principle

Challenges
Today, SEAMEO BIOTROP faces diverse challenges in national, regional and global levels in the new normal era. The
world is changing dynamically along with digital transformation, industry 4.0 approach and Covid-19 Pandemic. Those
factors pose significant challenges for Southeast Asia and the rest of the world. As a commitment to its function as a
reputable center in Tropical Biology area in Southeast Asia, SEAMEO BIOTROP needs to develop and elevate innovative
strategies to address these strategic issues and challenges by maximizing its resources and uniqueness for increasing
regional understanding and collaboration in Science and Education.
In 2022, the GoI changed the limit of GoI fund requests and paymentst for operating activities. It affected cash-on-
hand availability and the Center’s programs implementation. In the middle of the uncertain economic situation, GoI
also increased the value added tax rate from 10% to 11% and entity income tax from 2% to 4% on April and May 2022
respectively. It affected the activities budget plan significantly. The increase of gasoline price was also impacted the
Center’s operating expenses since the Center has four official vehicles. All regulation changes and development by the
GoI were conducted to enable the GoI in monitoring and assure the funds were utilized and managed in appropriate
manners and in accordance to the rules.
Table 1. Challenges and Opportunities
Component Challenges Opportunities
• Government Employee with Contract Agreement
Man Employee Status
• IPB University Employee
• DIPA
Money Fund resources • SEDF
• Projects Grant
• Procurement from Collaboration
Machine Existing Facilities and Assets
• Grants
• Integrated with PTNBH (State University with Legal Entity)
Governance Project Based Mechanism
• Management System
The Structure of the Annual Report
this annual report is structured into four strategic themes that have been formulated into Key Results Area (KRA)
that consists of several Key Results Area (KRA). The format changes from the previous Annual Report are an effort
to synchronize the Center’s report structure with SEAMEO Strategic Plan 2021–2030, and the 9th SEAMEO Integrated
Operational Plan (SIOP) 2021–2025.
A summary of the activities and achievements is presented in Table 2. The details for each group and/or component
are explained in the Detailed Activities section. The discussion for each group will cover essential elements composed
of 1) Raising Issues at the National to Global, 2) The Center’s Solutions, and 3) The Impacts of the Center’s activities.
The Annual Report is also completed, whenever is available, with data on the Center’s program and activities for the
last four years and results’ evaluation of the targets set in the 10th Five-Year Development Plan
Table 2. Summary of the Activities and Achievements of SEAMEO BIOTROP FY 2021/2022
Beneficiaries (with
Components Activities Deliverables/Products SDG & SSP Budgets
number of any)
Research 23 national Publication/journal, SDG: 4, 12, FY 21-22 Vocational High
research projects  prototype distillation 13, 14,15, USD 233,806 School, Senior High
7 SMARTS-BE equipment, database 17; SSP School, Undergraduate
Research projects  ant and cockroach in Science: 2, 10th FYDP Student, Government,
residential areas in 3, 4, 5, 6 (2017–2022) community, SEAMEO
1 PhD Thesis Bogor, database of USD 679,441 BIOTROP Staffs,
support grantee Baseline parameter teachers, stakeholders,
program  model, Superior (1 USD approximately communities, travel
4 research Seedlings of Cottonii IDR 14,600) agent, seaweed
projects from Seaweed, Database of farmers, collectors,
school garden molecular profiles of exporters, scientific
teacher  toxigenic and non- community, national
toxigenic Aspergilus park, NGO, pest control,
flavus, dynamic model household, mining
of rice monitoring, company, private
biofertilizer (BIORISA), company, SMARTS-BE
website of butterfly Partner Vocational
database in urban High Schools
areas, Clove database (Education Office of
posted in the website, Province),
platform “Rumah
Digital Kita”, expert
system for pest and
diseases monitoring on
lemon orchard, Puree
technology.
 Beneficiaries (with
Components Activities Deliverables/Products SDG & SSP Budgets
number of any)
Trainings and 2 International 4 Modules; 1) SDGs No. FY 21-22 5.342 beneficiaries
Workshops Workshops, 1 Determining the Quality 4, 8, 12, 13, USD 92,546 from government
International of Raw Materials, 2) 14, 15 institutions, schools,
Conference Integrated Control of SSP 10th FYDP universities,
10 National Plant Pest Organisms Education (2017–2022) research centers,
Trainings (OPT) in Oil Palm Priority 3, USD 501,480 private sectors, and
Plants, 3) Arrange 4, 6 others (scientific
5 National Fumigation Treatment (1 USD approximately communities)
Workshops Tools and Materials, 4) IDR 14,600)
11 National Making Collection oF
Webinars, Weed Seeds,
4 Regional Policy brief on Low
Webinars Level Presence
Information Sharing
1 Inhouse Forum in Asia Pacific
Training, 1 (APAC) Region, Draft of
Talkshow National Guide Book of Strategic
Environmental
Assessment, Draft
of Policy Brief on
“Strengthening the
Independent Learning
Program System
for the Independent
Campus (MBKM):
Towards a Better
Quality of Student
Graduates in the
Era of Industry 4.0
and Society 5.0”,
48 students from
21 universities in
Sumatra, Java-Bali, and
Sulawesi participated
in a certified internship
(MSIB) at SEAMEO
BIOTROP.
Partnerships Promoting 7 regional and 29 SDGs No. FY 21-22 Government
collaboration national Memoranda 4, 8, 12, 13, USD 13,341 Institutions,
and partnership of Understanding were 14, 15 Organizations,
between various signed SSP Science 10th FYDP Schools, Universities,
institutions and Priority (2017–2022) Private Sectors, and
organizations 2,3,4,5,6 USD 41,738 Communities
in Southeast
Asia and Beyond SSP (1 USD approximately
in the fields of Education IDR 14,600)
Tropical Biology 4, 6
and Biodiversity
Conservation
 Beneficiaries (with
Components Activities Deliverables/Products SDG & SSP Budgets
number of any)
Publications Disseminating 3 issues of BIOTROPIA SDG 4, 13, FY 21-22 808 beneficiaries of
and scientific Journal, 14, 15, 17 USD 114,689 BIOTROP’s printed
Information papers: journals, 4 monographs, and 35 SSP Edu 4,6 copies, including
Dissemination monographs research SSP Science 10th FYDP students, teachers,
and/or technical reports 2,3,4,5,6 (2017–2022) lecturers, private
guidance, and USD 387,119 sectors, and Scientific
proceedings in the Communities
field of tropical (1 USD approximately
biology issues IDR 14,600)
Disseminating 4 BIOTROP’s 22,272 website visitors,
information on newsletter, 4 series 3,848 Facebook
other media of practicum videos, likes, 8200 Instagram
15 infographics, 13 followers, and 5,870
BIOSync podcast Youtube subscribers
series, 7 Biodiversity
talk series, 205 social
media contents, 150
articles on Center’s
activities
Promotions and 2 exhibitions activities, Schools, Universities,
Media Coverage 3 coverage by Radio Scientific Communities,
Republik Indonesia, General Public
58 articles published
in various online
reputable national
media, and 10 articles
published in MoECRT
Webstie
Internships Internship 197 Students conduct SDG 4, 13, - Students of Vocational
program to On-The Job Training in 14, 15, 17 High Schools, and
promote various departments, SSP Edu 4,6 University Students
laboratories, and units SSP Science
of SEAMEO BIOTROP 2,3,4,5,6
Facilitating 18 students from -
university University conduct their
students to research in SEAMEO
conduct their BIOTROP
research in
SEAMEO
BIOTROP
Visits Conducting SEAMEO BIOTROP SDG 4, 13, - 950 visitors from
physical and receives 43 visit 14, 15, 17 31 various schools,
virtual Scientific programs in the FY SSP Edu 4,6 universities,
Visit to showcase 2021/2022, including SSP Science government agencies,
the Center’s visits to hydroponics, 2,3,4,5,6 private companies,
expertise, tissue culture communities as well as
products, and laboratory, natural regional/international
activities products, oyster institutions
mushroom cultivation,
etc.
Administration SEAMEO SEAMEO BIOTROP -
Management BIOTROP formed management is ISO
a new unit, 9001:2015 certified and
namely Quality its Services Laboratory
Assurance and is ISO 17025:2017
Risk Management accredited
Unit (QRMU)
and Center
Secretary (CeSe)
to ensure that
the management
system has been
implemented
properly.
 Beneficiaries (with
Components Activities Deliverables/Products SDG & SSP Budgets
number of any)
Staff Scientific More than 100 staff SDG 4, 13, Students, Teachers,
Development Training Courses, became resource 14, 15, 17 Lecturers,
Workshops, persons, facilitators, SSP Edu 4,6 Professional from
Conferences moderators, SSP Science various educational
and Symposia instructors, and 2,3,4,5,6 institutions,
Attended assessors, in various government
by SEAMEO seminars, conferences, institutions,
BIOTROP’s Staff and workshops at the organization, and
national and regional communities
levels.
There were 445
activities that were
attended by staff,
including participants,
resource persons,
instructors, moderators
and others
Facility Manage the Renovated an idle SDG 4, 13, USD 29,109
Improvements Center’s facilities function room to be 14, 15, 17
and equipment a function room with SSP Edu 4,6 (1 USD approximately
(improvement, new features and a SSP Science IDR 14,600)
refinement, Podcast studio, as 2,3,4,5,6
maintenance), well as the renovation
Facilities of its convention
resources are hall, dormitories,
utilized efficiently laboratories, and toilets
and effectively as supporting facilities.
in supporting The Center also revised
the programs the names of 8 land
and activities certificates from the
implementation Indonesian Ministry of
Education and Culture
into the Government
of the Republic of
Indonesia
Financial Adjusted financial Government of SDG 4, 7, 17 -
Viability management Indonesia agreed to
flow, Intensive provide a total amount
coordination with of USD 1,453,034 (1
related parties, USD approximately
Centralized Bank IDR 14,600 in
Account, and accordance with the
Monthly Financial SEAMEO Translation
and Facilities Rates FY 2022/2023,
Management Plan as attached) to
and Report support the Centre’s
programmes, activities,
and operational costs
for the fiscal year 2021.
 STRATEGIC THEME 1:
Regional Leadership and International
and Global Visibility
Key Results Area: Leading and participating in regional and global projects, programs, and
events for better visibility
Nowadays, SEAMEO BIOTROP faces diverse challenges at national, regional, and global levels in the new normal
era. The world is changing dynamically along with digital transformation, the industry 4.0 approach, and Covid-19
Pandemic. For these purposes, SEAMEO BIOTROP prepares the 11th FYDP 2022-2027 as a central direction in designing
and implementing its programs. The pandemic situation has changed education and learning systems and methods
almost all over the world, such as activities carried out online with various media, including training activities. Online
training activities have the advantage that they can be carried out flexibly, both in terms of time and location. However,
online training also has limitations such as nonoptimal delivery and absorption of material, difficulty controlling
participants, sometimes only one-way sharing direction, lack of seriousness of the participants, distractions, and
difficulties in evaluation. Evaluation by the Human Center Innovation Department of SEAMEO BIOTROP showed that
from 38 online training activities during the pandemic, the satisfaction level of participants experienced a significant
decrease, especially in training activities that require practice and motoric skills.
In the future, training activities must have four main criteria namely, adaptive, high resilience, interactive and innovative.
Some of these criteria cover all components of training activities such as topics, curriculum, materials, methods,
environment, tools, and evaluations. The development of training in the transition period from the pandemic era to
the epidemic era has not focused on mechanisms to deliver training activities. However, improvement must focus on
developing integrated and comprehensive learning (Figure 6).

Figure 6. In-Com learning ecosystem model

Along with the shifting of the Covid-19 pandemic situation to an endemic situation, the online training method is also
changed into the hybrid training method, which integrates the online and offline training programs. The identified
challenges of this situation are: 1) to ensure the result and impact of the hybrid training activities; 2) to provide more
competency-based training activities; 3) to have powerful training platforms and resources; 4) to provide personalized
synchronous interaction; 5) to enhance participant engagement; and 6) to enhance collaboration possibilities.
To achieve its mandate on science education, SEAMEO BIOTROP needs to improve the competence of its human
resources. Trainer certification is one proof of the competencies of the trainers in the Center. Competency-based
training certified by BNSP (National Agency for Professional Certification) provides knowledge for the trainers to
refer to the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI). Therefore, the BNSP certification stated the
competence of the participant as a competent instructor/trainer. This certified competency-based training has been
attended by 12 SEAMEO BIOTROP Staff. After the certification, SEAMEO BIOTROP implemented competency-based
training on fish feed production on 29 November 2021 to 1 December 2021. As a result of this training, the participants
can prepare raw materials according to standards, physical, biological, and chemical tests, and produce quality raw
materials. The training was attended by cultivators, fishery instructors, students, researchers, and the public.
Solutions
SEAMEO BIOTROP in collaboration with Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran, East Java has implemented
the program of student Internship through the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka program (MBKM-Freedom to
Learn-Independent Campus). This program was conducted between the UPN Veteran, East Java, and the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (MoECRT) to facilitate students with the
right to study for one semester outside their study programs and autonomy to establish study programs for qualified
Universities. The MBKM program is intended to grant freedom to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to be more
autonomous, independent, less bureaucratic, and innovative. The internship was followed by five (5) students and held
offline in the new normal era. During the internship at SEAMEO BIOTROP, the 5 students of UPN Veteran, East Java
could improve their hard skills and soft skills, especially in the field of Tropical Biodiversity Management. With these
results, SEAMEO BIOTROP is proposed as an official partner of the MBKM program in the future (2022) together with
universities and MoECRT together to shape the future of Indonesian leaders.
As a regional institution, SEAMEO BIOTROP has a tagline “Save Biodiversity, from Mountains to the Oceans” launched
by the School of Biodiversity program. The program is the development of a learning model based on science literacy
by integrating the concept of saving biodiversity method into the learning and education ecosystem. The model
will adopt the concept of the Principles of Environmental Education (UNESCO 1977) and be translated into several
activities consisting of: 1) Development of a Learning Model consisting of the development of the concept of a natural
library and the concept of a natural laboratory; 2) Development of a micro-learning module; and (3) Development of the
thematic learning cycle.
The School of Biodiversity program will be focused on optimizing component biodiversity as nature, biodiversity as
natural resources, and biodiversity as indexes. The component would be translated into the object of learning activities
which covers: 
• Education about the environment with aims to develop knowledge and understanding of values and attitudes.
• Education for the environment aims to encourage students in exploring personal responses and relationships with
the environment and problems related to the environment. This is related to attitude development and values,
including elements of human understanding and behaviors necessary for sustainable development and care
environmental use.
• Education in or through the environment aims to improve the skills and competencies of learners by utilizing the
environment as a source of learning and information. It is a resource that enables the development of a wealth of
knowledge and understanding through research and communication skills.
This program is expected to be held for several years with the target of replicating and adopting the model at the
national and regional levels as part of global education diplomacy.
In supporting training activities, the Center produced one module in 2021. Until now, there are still a few modules
that can be adapted and implemented in practice for participants. Therefore, the Center will develop training modules
that can be applied to the participants. The module will be developed by the competency-based training approach. A
competency-based approach is used as a reference in curriculum development, development of teaching materials,
implementation learning, and assessment in the modules. Some of the training topics that can be developed into the
module are integrated pest management, management of stored products, household-scale fish feed manufacturing,
and sustainable agricultural spatial planning. Some of these topics can be adapted and in line with the needs of
competence in the industry in the field of tropical biology.
SEAMEO BIOTROP has the mandate to carry out training activities related to Tropical Biology. To continue developing
training and other scientific learning activities, SEAMEO BIOTROP needs to review every training activity that has
the potential to be developed. Referring to the previous training trend, the interest of participants in joining trainings
related to tropical biology organized by SEAMEO BIOTROP tends to increase every year in various the Southeast
Asian countries. A total of 1,864 participants are beneficiaries of the implementation of training for the fiscal year
July 2021 - June 2022. The direct beneficiaries of this technical guidance activity are researchers, teachers, students,
practitioners, governments and non-government organizations, and other professionals
Trend and Analysis
Since the start of the pandemic, the Government of Indonesia has taken some timely steps to support learning from
home. In response, SEAMEO BIOTROP has implemented several training courses and technical guidance activities both
at the national and international levels through online or blended learning models. It is an outcome‐based approach to
education to ensure proficiency in learning by participants through demonstration of the knowledge, skills, values, and
attitudes required for dealing with real-life pandemic situations. Online learning enables us to reach out to participants
worldwide through chat groups, video meetings, and document sharing, during this pandemic. We believe traditional
offline learning and e-learning can go hand in hand. However, the biggest obstacle for participants learning from home,
especially those who are poor and live the in remote areas, is the lack of internet access and electronic devices.
To support high-quality internship programs, SEAMEO BIOTROP has been officially approved as a partner of MBKM
program batch 3 by the MoECRT in June 2022. On this occasion, SEAMEO BIOTROP is part of an organization that
will be acknowledged as “Magang Bersertifikat Kampus Merdeka ‘’ or “Certified Kampus Merdeka Internship”. The
program will only be acknowledged as a Certified Kampus Merdeka Internship if it successfully meets the MoECRT
criteria through an evaluation. This program will be conducted offline (face-to-face) at SEAMEO BIOTROP from August
to December 2022. In this internship acceleration, SEAMEO BIOTROP offers 5 (five) topics of the internship including:
1) Environmental Quality Parameter Test; 2) Seedling Production using Tissue Culture Techniques; 3) Management of
Suboptimal Land Use System in the Tropics; 4) Tropical Biodiversity Management; and 5) Sustainable Urban Agriculture.
This program is the active contribution of SEAMEO BIOTROP to close the gap between industry talent needs and
the existing higher education curriculum. In the next batch, we hope that the program will also be acknowledged
as “Studi Independent Bersertifikat Kampus Merdeka ‘’ or “Certified Kampus Merdeka Independent Study Program ‘’.
This program can facilitate students’ interests and talents to learn innovative and applicable multi/interdisciplinary
independent projects. The expected output of this program is to create innovative products that can be adapted and
implemented in the problem-solving of biodiversity management.
The Center has carried out various training, workshops, and other learning activities both funded by the Government
of Indonesia and through partnerships and SEDF. From 2017-2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP has served more than 14,000
alumni from various institutions as their direct beneficiaries of training, workshop, and other learning activities.
These beneficiaries include researchers, teachers, students, practitioners, stakeholders, and other professionals from
Southeast Asia and beyond.  The decrease in the number of beneficiaries in 2021-2022 is due to the several program
activities that have not been implemented at the beginning of the year 2022 (quarterly). The decrease is due to the
changing of the New Organizational Structure which led to changes in program activity plans in 2022. Therefore, the
implementation of the new program began to be effective at the end of March 2022 (Figure 7).

Figure 7 Total number of trained participants

Furthermore, SEAMEO BIOTROP training activities are generally designed for the acquisition of basic knowledge and
skills which can then be readily implemented by participants after completion of the training, such as the Training of
Trainers (ToT) through offline, online, or blended learning models. Over the past five years, SEAMEO BIOTROP has
carried out various ToT activities, both at national and regional levels, namely, ToT on Invasive Plant Species Control
specifically for Agricultural Vocational Schools, ToT on Fumigation, ToT on Utilization of Geospatial Information Data
(GIS), and ToT on Urban Agriculture in supporting food security. In 2022, the training and technical guidance are
packaged with the theme of Saving Biodiversity from Mountains to Oceans. After ToT completion, the participants
immediately practice their knowledge gained from the Training of Trainers (ToT) and complete all the final assignments
given by the coordinator/facilitators.
Training & Other Scientific Learning (Highlight)
For the fiscal year July 2021 - June 2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP has implemented 35 training courses and other learning
events related to tropical biology. The activities consisted of two international workshops and one international
conference, ten national training courses, four regional and eleven national webinars, one talk show, five national
workshops and focus group discussions and one in-house training. A total of 5,342 individuals from government
institutions, schools, universities, research centers, and private sectors, benefited from these activities (Figure 3).
SEAMEO BIOTROP conducted these events in hybrid (online and offline).
The ten national training activities conducted by SEAMEO BIOTROP from July 2021 to June 2022, were as follows:
Fumigation, Tissue Culture, Aquaponic, Hydroponic, Isolation, and Identification of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi, Oyster
Mushroom, and Ear Mushroom Cultivation and Processing, “Save Biodiversity” in the context of the Independent
Learning (MBKM) Camp, Independent Fish Feed Making Training, and Fish Apartment for Teachers/Head of Marine
Fisheries Marine Vocational School.
The ten training activities were actively participated in by 1,864 participants from university lecturers, school teachers,
graduate students, government institutions, NGOs, and research centers to private sectors who actively joined the
training. All participants came from 34 provinces in Indonesia.

Figure 8. Training participant per Institution (July 2021 – June 2022)

At the international and regional levels, the other scientific learning activities from July 2021 to June 2022 consisted
of two international workshops and one regional webinar. At the national level, SEAMEO BIOTROP conducted ten
webinars, three workshops and focused group discussions, one talk show, and one in-house training. A total of 3,478
individuals from universities, schools, research centers, government institutions, NGOs, and private sectors benefited
from these activities (Figure 9). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, most of the events were only carried out online.
However, the positive effect was that it enabled participants from various regions in Indonesia and abroad to join the
events online, thereby expanding the number of participants or beneficiaries (Figure 10).

Figure 9. Other Learning Participant per Institution (July 2021 – June 2022)
 Figure 10. Number of participants of training and other learning activities

In 2021, SEAMEO BIOTROP has officially launched the new programs called BIOTROP to School (BtS) and Talk of
Affiliate Scientist (TAS) webinar series that is still active until 2022. The BtS program aims to disseminate knowledge
and build the capacities of students in high schools and universities through a series of webinars. Meanwhile, the TAS
program aims to communicate research results as well as exchange information and field experiences with various
stakeholders. The TAS resource persons are researchers who conduct research in broad fields of tropical biology.
From January to June 2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP has conducted 3 (three) BtS and 3 (three) TAS webinar series.
SEAMEO BIOTROP also hosted an interactive talk show on 11 March 2022 with the theme “Indonesian Scholar’s
Voice Talk Show Save Nature (SCISA) Series 1: Examine the Environmental Impacts and Risks of Nusantara IKN
Development”. This event aimed to disseminate and thoroughly analyze the initial baseline, environmental impacts
and risks, and the vulnerability index of the coastal area for the development of the Nusantara IKN and also to provide
recommendations for the management of impacts and risks to the government in the development of IKN Nusantara.
The 175 active participants were mostly from universities and the government. This talk show featured three speakers
from various backgrounds, namely Dr Ir Arifin Rudiyanto, MSc, Dr Ir Bambang Hendroyono, MM, and Dra Masnellyarti
Hilman, MSc.
At the regional and international level, other scientific learning events were actively participated by 1.000 participants
from government, universities, schools, research centers, private sectors, and non-government agencies from the
SEAMEO member countries and other regions. Participants came from Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Myanmar,
Cambodia, Brunei, Timor Leste, and the Netherland (Figure 11).

Figure 11. Number of participants of other learning activities per country (July 2021-June 2022)
At the national level, the training was attended by 2,478 individuals from 34 provinces of Indonesia. Active participants
ranged from university lecturers, school teachers, and graduate students, to the staff of government institutions,
NGOs, research centers, and private sectors. As mentioned above, the expanded number of participants was due to
the online platform which enabled participants to access the events remotely from their places. 

Highlighted Activities: International Workshop on “Indonesia Sea as Global Climate Engine:

Climate Change and Coastal Resilience
One of the training, workshops, and other scientific learning that was conducted in 2021-2022 was the “International
Workshop on “Indonesia Sea as Global Climate Engine: Climate Change and Coastal Resilience” held on 7 - 8 October
2021 (Figure 12).

Figure 12. International Workshop on “Indonesia Sea as Global Climate Engine: Climate Change and Coastal Resilience

The international workshop was presented by many experts, namely Prof Danielle Woods (Space Enabled Research
Group, MIT), Prof David Lagomasino (East Carolina University), Prof Dr Julie Winkler (Michigan State University), Prof
Rajagopalan Balaji (Colorado University), Dr Nani Hendiarti (Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment), Dr Ir Arifin
Rudiyanto, MSc, (Ministry of National Development), Dr Laksmi Dhewanthi (MoEF), Dr Paradhika Galih Satria (Ministry
of Finance), Prof Dr Ir Rokhmin Dahuri, MS (Former Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries), Dr Ir Dodo Gunawan,
DEA (the Climate Change Information Center, Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency), Chris McOwen PhD
(UNEP-WCMC), Ir Sri Tantri Arundhati, MSc (Ministry of Environment and Forestry), Ir Anita Heru Kusumorini, MSc
(BAPPEDA), Ir Afrial Rosya, MA, MSi (National Disaster Management Agency), Prof Yang Fan Li (Xiamen University),
Dr Eng Nita Yuanita, ST, MT (Institut Teknologi Bandung), Mr. Joga Dharma Setiawan, BSc, MSc, PhD (Universitas
Diponegoro), Dr Zulhamsyah Imran (SEAMEO BIOTROP), Dr Muhammad Helmi, SSi, MSi (Universitas Diponegoro), Dr
Ing Widodo S. Pranowo (Marine Research Center), Dr Yanto (Jenderal Soedirman University), and M. Taswin Munier,
SPi, MSc (Environmental Policy Advisor GGGI). The 421 participants who joined the workshops came from Indonesia,
Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, the Philippines, Laos, Malaysia, Timor Leste, and Belanda.
The activities in 2022 are begun by conducting two national workshops and focus group discussions, with the titles
“Workshop and Focus Group Discussion: Identification of Vocational High School Development Needs in Tropical
Biology, which was held on 23 February 2022. This event focused on the identification of problems, potentials, and
needs for capacity building of Vocational Schools, and formulating the capacity building activities and cooperation with
Vocational Schools. The second workshop is the “Workshops and Focus Group Discussions: Potential Implementation
of the Independent Learning Program-Independent Campus”, which was held on 9 March 2022. These workshops are
designed for vocational schools and universities. The 291 participants who joined came from vocational schools and
universities.
 Figure 13. Workshop and Focus Group Discussion: Identification of Vocational High School Development Needs in Tropical Biology

Figure 14. Workshops and Focus Group Discussions: Potential Implementation

of the Independent Learning Program-Independent Campus
Highlighted Activities: Service provider for developing Proposal Document “Strengthening
Capacities for Management of Invasive Alien Species (SMIAS) in Indonesia”
SEAMEO BIOTROP in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) from
July 2021-March 2022 and agreed as partner or as the Service provider to help with the drafting of project proposal
document titled “Strengthening Capacities for Management of Invasive Alien Species (SMIAS) in Indonesia”. The
Project activities will be undertaken to strengthen national and subnational policy, legal, regulatory, institutional and
financing frameworks for IAS management; create awareness of the threats posed by IAS; build capacity in order
to enhance the management of IAS; and develop and implement best practices for the management of IAS at a
landscape-level, including through the highly participatory engagement of local stakeholders.
The objective of this project is to safeguard globally significant biodiversity and ecosystem services through improved
management of IAS, emphasizing the need for improved prevention and surveillance, in addition to the development
and implementation of safe and effective control interventions for some of the most ecologically destructive IAS in
Indonesia.
In carrying out these duties and functions, SEAMEO BIOTROP provides information related to:
• Analyze policy, regulatory and institutional frameworks and relevant information on policies, law and institutions
about IAS management di Indonesia.
• Identify and characterize institutional stakeholders, including mapping of their relevance to the project and
proposal of their roles in project implementation.
• Identify the capacity development and other needs and strategies for strengthening the capacities of institutional
stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of project results.
• Carrying out the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) on the project site.
• Organize Indonesian Invasive and Alien Species (IAS) stakeholder consultations, group meetings and workshops
at national and sub-national levels.
• A review of previous IAS projects - successes and failures and recommendations for improvement.
• Prepare a list of all peer-reviewed publications on IAS in Indonesia. Identify major invasive insect pests and
pathogens and invasive mammals and weeds which are affecting forest landscapes. Update on all (integrated
pest management) IPM methods (prevention to control including chemical and biological) used in the
management of forest invasive species in Indonesia. Additionally, list of all native and exotic, but non-invasive,
agro-forestry species that can be used as alternatives for tree species that are used for fuelwood, charcoal
production, building materials, nitrogen fixation, hedging, etc.
Some activities carried out by SEAMEO BIOTROP were:
• The National Inception Workshop Strengthening Capacities for Management of Invasive Alien Species (SMIAS) in
Indonesia. It was held in SEAMEO BIOTROP. Bogor, 12 - 13 July 2021.
• Meeting and Discussion about invasive plant management in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park and
Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. SEAMEO BIOTROP. 19 August 2021.
• Webinar dan FGD: Sustainable and Innovative Financing in Invasive Alien Species (IAS) Management in
Indonesia. SEAMEO BIOTROP. Friday, 3 September 2021.
• The National Validation Workshop Strengthening Capacities for Management of Invasive Alien Species (SMIAS)
in Indonesia. It was held in SEAMEO BIOTROP. Bogor, 4 March 2022.
• Field visit to Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park and Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park to carried out
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).
• Several stakeholders’ meetings with Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) of Indonesia. Quarantine
Agency from Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia and experts’ meetings to provide detailed information and meet
the principal aspect for developing the project document.
 Figure 15. Workshops on Gender Sensitive Diversification in Smallholder Cocoa Systems in Lampung, Indonesia

Highlighted Activities: International Project Collaboration on Gender Sensitive Diversification

of Smallholder Cocoa Systems in Lampung, Indonesia
Indonesia has achieved rapid economic growth, powered in part by agricultural expansion, particularly in lowland
forest systems. A key driver has been the expansion of plantations including oil palm, coffee and increasingly cocoa.
Cocoa farming is currently the principal income for an estimated 1 million Indonesian families but is continuing to
expand. Cocoa expansion has been driven by an emergent market in Southeast Asia. However cocoa production faces
challenges associated with poor yields, declining soil fertility, poor planting material, and attacks from pests and
diseases. Many cocoa smallholders have complex livelihood strategies and rely on multiple products alongside cocoa.
In order to get some input for project outputs and programs, SEAMEO BIOTROP collaborated with Bangor University,
IPB University, Universitas Lampung (UNILA) and Barry Callebaut (private company) and associated farmers in four
regencies in Lampung. SEAMEO BIOTROP will lead activity on biodiversity assessments; IPB and Universitas Lampung
will jointly lead livelihood analysis and local knowledge work. SEAMEO BIOTROP and IPB University also will lead on
capacity building in protection forests whereas Bangor University will lead the project and provide expertise to support
project activity.
The workshop took some inputs from an intrahousehold perspective to capture gender issues and will analyze variation
in local knowledge around tree biodiversity values to highlight knowledge gaps. The broader impact is to support
Indonesian policy goals for sustainable carbon and forest-positive cocoa production that supports local livelihood
systems. Gender is a core concern of this project. At present gender inequality is a significant issue in Lampung with
extension activity only reaching 5% of women involved in cocoa production. Local women often perceive themselves
as not having access to the same knowledge and skills as men and diversification options are often not developed
around their needs. In addition, these areas are subject to both in and out migration (often involving women) and
there is evidence of ongoing use of child labor. This study will highlight opportunities for women and seek to redirect
extension activity to address these inequalities.
Project activity is focused on four regencies where Barry Callebaut has established cocoa production areas in Lampung
(namely Tanggamus, Pringsewu, Pesawaran and East Lampung). Barry Callebaut is working with approximately 10,000
cocoa farming families in these four regencies. Tanggamus has the highest intensity production currently (and is a
focus for extension activity), followed by East Lampung. Pringsewu and Pesawaran are emergent areas for cocoa
production with Pasawaran having limited accessibility and offering new opportunities. On the landscape scale, this
presents a diverse set of biodiversity opportunities and livelihood challenges requiring context sensitive proscriptions
which currently do not exist. All of the regencies have areas of protected forest with differing levels of associated
cocoa production.
The proposed project would contribute directly to meeting Indonesia’s commitments to the CBD and the UNFCCC
through biodiversity and adaptation management. At the wider scale, the project aligns with the SDGs, both broadly in
terms of linking development and environmental protection, and directly through objectives that will contribute directly
to SDGs 1 & 2 (through agricultural development), 5 (through developing representative community management
bodies), 13 (through the development of increasingly ecologically complex cocoa agroecosystems) and 15 (through
the integration of biodiversity conservation measures). The project will also contribute directly to achieving many
of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, most particularly 2 (through integrating community management into policy), 5
(through reducing deforestation), 7 (through agroforestry development compatible with conservation), 11 (through
implementing forest management), 14 (through the landscape management approach protecting ecosystem services),
and 18 (through promoting community management and use of local knowledge).

Key Results Area: Building SEAMEO image as regional organization of choice for
implementing SDG relevant work and other relevant programs
SEAMEO BIOTROP is committed to establish its image as “A reputable center for tropical biology” through the
implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals is
integrated into the Center’s main mandate, such as science-education, capacity building, and information dissemination
in the fields of tropical biology, namely SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong
learning opportunities for all; SDG 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all;
SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable; SDG 12; Ensure sustainable
consumption and production patterns SDG; 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts; SDG 14:
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development; SDG 15: Protect,
restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification,
and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss;, and SDG 17: Strengthen the means of implementation
and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.
In its 10th Five Year Development Plan, SEAMEO BIOTROP has launched its community learning park since 2017. The
program was launched by the Mayor of Bogor City, Dr Bima Arya. Through this program, the center facilitates the
capacity building activities through a scientific visit program, as well as an internship and student research program
at SEAMEO BIOTROP.
However, since the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 until 2021, there is a decline in the number of students/teachers/
others doing internships and research at SEAMEO BIOTROP, due to health protocol regulations from the government
related to the pandemic prevention efforts.
One of the determining factors for the success of a program is the full support from competent human resources
whose role is to increase business results and anticipate competition in the business. To improve the capabilities and
professionalism of its human resources, it is essential to build the capacity of human resources by appropriately and
efficiently establishing a work culture to align with industrial developments in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.
Competency-based human resources development is carried out in order to provide results in accordance with
organizational goals and objectives with established performance standards. Therefore, individual performance in the
organization is a way to increase the productivity of the organization itself.

Re-opening Internship and Scientific Visit Program

To anticipate conditions that become obstacles in the implementation of the internship and research program,
SEAMEO BIOTROP has taken several steps, such as preparing internship and research guidelines for students and
students, preparing a budget for the procurement and repair of facilities and equipment in several laboratories so that
the implementation of internships becomes better.
In supporting SDG no. 4 on quality education, the Center provides an opportunity for students to enhance their
knowledge and skills by conducting research and joint internship and on-the-job training program at SEAMEO BIOTROP.
During the fiscal year in review, the number of internship participants increased by 20% compared to FY 2021/2022 due
to normal condition pasca the Covid-19 pandemic.
From the period of July 2021 to June 2022, the Center accommodated a total of 232 students from 55 learning
institutions to conduct internships as well as on-the-job trainings in various fields: biotechnology; aquaculture;
silviculture; essential oil; entomology; GIS and Remote Sensing; pest and disease management; waste management;
analyses of water, food and feed, and soil and plant; hydroponics; mushroom cultivation; phytopathology; biosystem
and landscape management; invasive alien species and weed management; and office administration; and finance
management.
 Figure 16. Recapitulation of apprentices, research, and on-the-job training

Visitation
In Fiscal Year 2021/2022 SEAMEO BIOTROP accommodated 1,174 visitors from 45 visits. The visitors came from
various institutions, provinces and countries. Fifty-eight percent visitors were students from various elementary
schools, junior high schools, high schools and vocational high schools. The visits were to enhance the students’
knowledge on the implementation of biological science in the real world, which will lead to developing students’
interest and enriching students’ knowledge.
During the fiscal year 2017-2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP accommodated 353 visits consisting of 17,397 people from
various schools, universities, government agencies, private companies as well as regional /international institutions.
Through these visits, the Center established working relationships with most of these organization, especially from
the ministries and embassies in Southeast Asia.
Table 2. Details of Visit Program
Details of Visit Program
FY 2017/2018 3,348 visitors from 58 visits
FY 2018/2019 5,431 visitors from 98 visits. This number significantly increased by 59%
from the previous fiscal year.
FY 2019/2020 3,605 visitors from 76 visits
FY 2020/2021 160 Visitors from 11 visits
FY 2021/2022 1,174 visitors form 45 visits

Staff Training and Development

SEAMEO BIOTROP realizes that human resources is one of the biggest and most important assets for the company’s
business sustainability. Therefore, the institution continually strives to develop various training programs to improve
the competence of excellent human resources. The Center continues to facilitate employees with various training
and development programs on an ongoing basis to improve skills related to their work and discipline. The Center also
provides training and education programs to improve employees’ skills and knowledge in various fields of work and
position levels.
During the period July 2021- June 2022, more than 100 staff became resource persons, facilitators, moderators,
instructors, and assessors, in various seminars, conferences, and workshops at the national and regional levels.
There were 445, recorded activities that were attended by staff, including participants, resource persons, instructors,
moderators and others (Figure 17).

Figure 17. Number of human

resource capacity
building activities
attended by SEAMEO
BIOTROP Staff
Highlighted Activities: Strengthening the Provision of Seaweed Seedlings in the Southeast
Maluku Regency

Figure 18. Visit Program by Delegations of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Investment and the Regent of Southeast Maluku and private
companies in seaweed industries

The Director of SEAMEO BIOTROP accompanied with the Deputy Director for Administration, the managers and unit
head warmly welcomed the visit of the Assistant Deputy for Maritime Resources and Downstreaming, Assistant
Deputy for Aquaculture Development and Professional Experts from the Coordinating Ministry of Maritime Affairs and
Investment, the Regent of Southeast Maluku and the directors of private companies in seaweed industries. The visit
held on 14 January 2022 aimed to strengthen the provision of seaweed seedlings in supporting seaweed cultivation in
the Regency of Southeast Maluku.
This promising export potential of seaweed has urged the Government of Indonesia to strengthen the seaweed as
an export commodity. Among efforts is to develop promising locations for seaweed cultivation. Southeast Maluku
Regency is among the potential locations for seaweed cultivation. Along with its scenic and beautiful sites, the
Regency has quite an amount of seaweed fishermen and several seaweed industries. The seaweed cultivation areas
are already mapped in accordance with environmental zoning areas based on the survey conducted by the Southeast
Maluku Regency Office of Environment and Forestry.
The main constraint of seaweed cultivation in the Southeast Maluku Regency is the sustainability of superior seaweed
seedlings provision. Based on the long search within research institutions, it is finally found that SEAMEO BIOTROP has
a long experience in seaweed propagation by using tissue culture techniques for producing superior and sustainable
seaweed seedlings.
The discussion during this visit led to focused planning that a laboratory for superior and sustainable seaweed
seedlings should be established in the area nearby the seaweed cultivation areas in the Southeast Maluku Regency.
SEAMEO BIOTROP involves in this planning as a resource to conduct technology transfer on seaweed propagation by
using tissue culture techniques for producing superior and sustainable seaweed seedlings
Highlighted Activities: Internship Program for SMKN 1 Tolikara, Papua Province

Figure 19. Internship program for SMKN 1 Tolikara, Papua Province

Tolikara Regency is among regencies in Papua Province having rich natural resources from the agricultural, forestry,
agro-industrial, mining and tourism sectors. The natural forest of Tolikara is known for having many tree species
that produce essential oils, such as Masoi (Cryptocarya massoia (Oken) Kosterm.), Cinnamon/Akar Lawang
(Cinnamomum spp), Ylang-Ylang/Cananga (Cananga odorata) and Spiked Pepper/sirih hutan (Piper aduncum L.).
SEAMEO BIOTROP Natural Products Laboratory held an internship program for the SMKN 1 Tolikara from January -
February 2022. Six students of SMKN 1 Tolikara actively participated in this 2-month event. The internship materials
were the distillation of essential oil of Masoi tree barks and the making of the perfume, as well as aromatherapy soap
bars and liquid soap by using the essential oil extracted from the Masoi tree barks.
Masoi was chosen as the primary commodity in this internship program for SMKN 1 Tolikara because Tolikara Regency
is rich with Masoi tree barks. David, an internship student of SMKN 1 Tolikara, mentioned that people in his village sell
around 10 tonnes of Masoi tree barks monthly. The Masoi tree barks are sold in Jayapura City. It needs a 24-hour road
trip from David’s village to Jayapura City, causing the high transportation cost of selling Masoi tree barks which leads
to the expensive price of Masoi tree barks.
The internship program for SMKN 1 Tolikara was held to increase the capacity of human resources in the Tolikara
Regency. It is expected that the technology learned by the students at SEAMEO BIOTROP can be directly implemented
in the school and the Tolikara Regency. “In this internship program at SEAMEO BIOTROP, I have learned a lot about
the technology of essential oil distillation from Masoi tree barks, along with the technology for making perfume, soap
bars and liquid soap by using Masoi essential oil,” stated Agriva, an internship student of SMKN 1 Tolikara. She further
mentioned that she will convey her knowledge to her school and communities in her home village.
Overall, the capacity building of human resources in the Tolikara Regency is expected to develop the utilization of
natural resources toward the production of semi-finished goods or finished goods as merchandise for improving
the livelihood of communities in the Tolikara Regency. This effort should be supported by appropriate technology of
handling, manufacturing, packaging, storing, marketing and distributing.
 STRATEGIC THEME 2:
Program Excellence and SDG Relevance
Key Results Area: Strengthening research and development programs
Biodiversity is very important for human life and other living things. Biodiversity is influenced by climate change,
human lifestyle, life cycles of living things, and socio-cultural. Therefore, we should capture the issues, conduct the
research and apply the solution for each issue. Additionally, we need informattion on the potency of biodiversity from
mountains to oceans and the sustainable management of biodiversity.
Biodiversity in Southeast Asia is under a serious threat caused by deforestation, hunting and wildlife trade, wildlife-
human conflicts, invasive alien species, forest clearing, landuse shifting, pollution and disease. The threat has caused
the loss of 14.5% of forests, which are the prime and endemic animal habitats, across Southeast Asia for the last 15
years.

Figure 20. Deforestation trends in Southeast Asia in 2001-2019

International commitments are taken as action toward climate change by reducing forest degradation and
fragmentation and restoring degraded forests significantly. Research on biodiversity and developing the protection
and sustainable use of biodiversity become the strategy in the master plan of respective countries in Southeast Asia.
Forest extraction moratorium, research, and protection of biodiversity, developing community-based conservation,
developing ecosystem services including Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP), reducing invasive alien species, genetic
and metapopulation research and conservation, ecosystem restoration, carbon and climate change mitigation, and
conservation engineering are research and policy actions to minimize biodiversity problem in Southeast Asia.
Saving biodiversity means taking steps to protect genes, species, habitats, or ecosystems. Therefore, conserving
biodiversity means effectively protecting the main natural ecosystems and protecting them effectively. Indonesia is
an archipelagic country with a very diverse flora, fauna, and microbes. Based on the division of biogeographic areas,
Indonesia has an important and strategic position regarding the richness and diversity of plant species and their
ecosystems. Biodiversity loss has posed serious environmental impacts. Recent environmental issues include the
following: (1) environmental degradation; (2) climate change that disrupts food security; (3) human demand for food
increasing; (4) land agriculture and the forest area is reduced due to land clearing; and (5) occurrence of new diseases.
These conditions are triggered by human behavior that is less concerned about the deteriorating state of the natural
environment.
Moreover, the environmental quality is decreasing due to nature excessive exploitation with no regard to the carrying
capacity and ecological functions. For example, excessive deforestation has resulted in catastrophic floods and
landslides, while using dynamites to catch fish has damaged the coral reefs. These issues are being addressed in the
formulation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the global and regional strategic planning levels, with
more than 150 state leaders attended at the UN General Assembly in New York on 25 September 2015, in which the
agreed SDGs consisted of 17 goals including the 4th SDG (Quality Education), 13th (Climate Action), and 15th (Life on
Education).
In harmonizing economic and community welfare with suppressing environmental damage, Agenda 21 and SDGs
use the science perspective for sustainable development. Agenda 21 states that sustainable development’s scientific
and technological community is the main issue. The science is important, especially in integrating environment and
development at the policy-making, planning, and management, as well as generating and strengthening knowledge
about the ecology and sustainable development of the ecosystem level, increasing the availability of food, feed, and
renewable raw materials, improving human health and mitigating landscape, seascape and marine. Agenda 21 also
focuses on the socio-economic dimension of conservation and management of resources for sustainable development,
strengthening the role of major groups, including gender issues (women, children, and youth), financial resources, and
the mechanism and transfer of science and technologies.
As a regional biodiversity research center in Southeast Asia, a transformation of Program Thrusts and the Flagship
Programs is a matter of responding to the developing biodiversity issues at the national and regional levels. The
goal is to be a Platinum Research Center to improve biodiversity-ecosystem management and human resources
innovation development and adapt to new normal conditions. It transforms the center to become a hub for knowledge
and science connectivity. To strengthen research and development and optimize the achievements and impact of the
programs, SEAMEO BIOTROP expands the strategy in research, innovation, and products development by building
the competitiveness of science-education research products at national, regional, and international levels through
optimizing existing resources and strengthening adaptive information technology in tropical biology to support the
industry 4.0 and digital marketing 5.0.

Solutions
The transformation of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s program thrusts in responding to various challenges related to biodiversity
has led to five SEAMEO BIOTROP’S Priority programs, namely, 1) Save Biodiversity for Future Generations; 2) Biodiversity
Ranking and Database from Mountains to Oceans; 3) Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism Development in Promoting Biodiversity
Conservation; 4) School of Ecology, Biodiversity, and Aquatic; and 5) Climate, Energy, and Environment Literacy on
Biodiversity.
Knowledge related to biodiversity for the younger generation is important in minimizing the decline or loss of
biodiversity caused by natural and human factors. One of the implemented activities related to this program is
Designing and Developing Learning Prototype Design through the Production of Organic Pesticide Prototypes in School
Garden Commodity Conservation Efforts through the Participation of Schools. Related to the biodiversity program for
the young generation, SEAMEO BIOTROP also launches the School of Ecology, Biodiversity, and Aquatic Program.
The development model of learning ecosystem science literacy-based which integrated the concept of biodiversity
management into the ecosystem of learning and education will be conducted through this program. In general,
the focus of this program is optimizing biodiversity components as nature/artificial nature, biodiversity as natural
resources, and biodiversity as indexes.
In addition, a commitment from SEAMEO BIOTROP to strengthen visibility, contribution, and role in saving biodiversity
is realized in the Biodiversity Ranking and Database from Mountains to Oceans, which implementaion is designed
systematically and sustainably through activities that support each other and strengthen the achievement of program
objectives to “Save Biodiversity”. As a regional research institution, SEAMEO BIOTROP is also required to promote tropical
biological values in supporting resilience to climate change and tropical biodiversity conservation. The implementation
of this program is in the form of designing and conceiving the Agro-eco-Edu Tourism program development in SEAMEO
BIOTROP, as well as the Study on Implementing Criteria and Indicators for the Archipelagic Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism
Program toward SMARTS-BE goes to Southeast Asia. Through the Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism program, it is hoped that
there will be an increase in competence and the participation of the academic and general public communities in the
action of resilience in facing climate change within the “save biodiversity” scheme.
Another important aspect of saving biodiversity is the existence of good literacy about biodiversity in all circles.
Therefore, to improve scientific literacy in Indonesia and to preserve Indonesia’s biodiversity, especially in the fields
of climate change, energy, and the environment, SEAMEO BIOTROP developes a program called climate, energy, and
environmental literacy on biodiversity. The implementation of this program is Environmental Risk Management Studies
related to Risk Communication Strategies in Biotechnology Products. Those studies are detailed into various activities
that support the outputs achieved every year, such as workshops, focused group discussions, and dissemination of
information, and support SEAMEO BIOTROP in achieving the “Literacy on Tropical Biology” in 2030. SEAMEO BIOTROP
also conducts In-House Collaborative Research in the implementation of program activities.
A total of 44 research projects were carried out during the 2021/2022 fiscal year for projects sourced from the
Government of Indonesia (GoI) and Non-GoI funds. Research activities sourced from DIPA funds in 2021 are 33 titles,
consisting of 28 regular GoI research titles, 1 completed research project title from PhD Thesis Support Grantees,
and 4 Completed Research Projects titles from School Garden Program. Meanwhile, for Non-GoI research, there are 2
research titles. In addition, in 2022, 10 research titles funded by GoI and SEDF will be completed at the end of 2022.
The list of ongoing and completed research projects is presented in Appendix 1.

Highlighted Programs
SEAMEO BIOTROP conducts various research activities based on the Program Thrusts through multiple schemes,
including GoI research, PhD Thesis Support Grantees, Youth Environmental Outreach (YEO) program, and School
Garden Program. During the implementation of the 10th FYDP Program Thrusts, SEAMEO BIOTROP funded 125 research
titles with a total funding from the GoI of around 10 billion rupiahs to support research of: 1) Affiliate ScientistS of
SEAMEO BIOTROP as many as 36 studies; 2) Partner institutions as many as 30 studies; 3) SEAMEO BIOTROP internal
researchers as many as 20 studies; 4) Regional joint research outside Indonesia, as many as 5 studies; 5) School
teachers as many as 15 studie;, 6) PhD Students as many as 13 studies; and 7) YEO program as many as 3 studies.
In addition, 2 research titles are funded by Non-GoI, and 3 research titles by SEDF funds. Those research projects have
already been implemented by the existing Program Thrusts and Priority Programs. Research grouping based on the
Program Thrusts is enclosed in Figure 21.
 Figure 21. Numbers of research conducted in accordance with the implementation of Program Thrusts during the 10th FYDP (2017 - 2022)

The output generated from various research activities during the 10th FYDP period are consisted of publications and
prototypes. A total of 67 publications were produced, consisting of 39 journals, 19 proceedings and conferences, 1
e-book, 4 monographs, 1 copyright, 2 technical papers, and 1 policy brief that can be used by various stakeholders in
supporting policies in Indonesia (Figure 22).

Figure 22. Development of the numbers of research and publications produced during the implementaion of the 10th FYDP (2017 - 2022)

Prototypes of BIORISA fertilizer, kupukita.org website, and Spatial Dynamics Model for Rice Monitoring were also
produced to support learning activities in the field of biodiversity. The description below are the three subjects
representing SEAMEO BIOTROP Regular DIPA (biology tropical research) during the 10th FYDP:

Improving the Quality of Mycorrhiza Inoculum in SEAMEO BIOTROP: Development of Biomass Production
Techniques, Formulation, Storage, Packaging, Infectivity and Effectiveness Test.
by Risa Rosita MSi, Dr Irdika Mansur MFor Sc, Deden Dewantara Eris SSi, MSi, Armaiki Yusmur MSi, Aan Darwati,
Panju Dwi Anggoro, and Sunardi Ikay
The research aimed 1) to study hydroponic mycorrhizal spore propagation techniques and comparing the technique
against conventional methods; 2) to obtain quality AMF inoculum formulations; 3) to obtain appropriate storage
techniques for AMF inoculum; and 4) to study plant growth responses to AMF inoculum and measure the infectivity
and effectiveness of mycorrhizal-based biofertilizers. The research was conducted from March to November 2021 at
the Biosystem Landscape and Management (BLM) Laboratory and the SEAMEO BIOTROP Greenhouse. The study used
a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three factors. The first factor was the type of formulation (F1
and F2), the best storage temperature (40 oC and 60 oC),
and the type of mycorrhizal host plants used (Sorghum
bicolor, Pueraria javanica, and Zea mays). The total
experimental units were 180 experimental units. The data
were statistically analyzed with SAS software version 9.0
and further tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
(DMRT) at an alpha level (α) of 5%. The results showed
that both conventional and hydroponic techniques could
be used to produce AMF spores. The amount of spore
production depended on the ability of AMF infection.
Glomus etunicatum has better root infection ability
than Glomus fasciculatum. Hydroponic techniques
showed better vegetative plant growth than that using
conventional techniques. The P3E_NFT treatment
resulted in the highest increase in height (221.8 cm), the number of leaves (13), stem diameter (3 cm), and canopy
dry biomass (9.54 g). PP plastic (Polypropylen) showed the ability to maintain the viability of spore density of 150/10
g BIORISA after being stored for one month, compared to HDPE plastic (High-Density Polyethylene), which showed
ability to only maintain spore density of 101/10 g BIORISA. The analysis of variance showed that the prototype
mycorrhizal fertilizer BIORISA code TZ60F1, TZ60F2, TZ40F1, and TZ40F2 had a significant effect on all plant growth
parameters (height, number of leaves, and stem diameter) after four weeks after being planted in the soil medium. The
application of BIORISA on sand media is not optimal, so further research is needed to increase the effectiveness of
BIORISA, especially when applied to degraded land.

Urbanized Ecosystem Resilience through the Flight of Butterflies

by Dr Nurul L. Winarni, Ir Sri Widayanti MSi, Dr Aslan, Bhisma Gusti Anugra SSi, and Nuruliawati SSi
The increasing numbers of residential and industrial
areas in urban areas, including Jabodetabek (Jakarta-
Bogor- Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi), consequently reduces
green open space and the ecosystem services for
the urban environment, such as decreased air quality,
increased noise, temperature increases, and decreased
recreation and cultural services. Meanwhile, the presence
of butterflies which often correlates with other taxa and
the butterflies’ sensitivity to environmental changes make
the butterfly a good indicator for ecosystem changes.
This study aimed to describe the ecological resilience of
Greater Jakarta through the butterfly community using
a citizen science approach. The results can be used to
evaluate the ecological network of butterfly distribution
in urban environments. During March-November 2021,
the butterfly monitoring was carried out in Jabodetabek area with an online citizen science approach, which can be
seen in real-time on kupukita.org. The study managed to record as many as 50 species of butterflies consisting of
3 families, such as Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Pieridae. The most widely recorded species were Leptosia nina,
Appias olferna, Eurema sp., and Hympolimnas bolina. Until November 2021, 140 people participated in independent
butterfly monitoring, resulting in 564 data entries. A total of 50 types of butterflies were spread in 6 clusters based on
their Encounter Rate (ER), which illustrates the level of ecological response of the Jabodetabek butterflies. Cluster 1
is the species with the highest ER in all habitat types, cluster 2 is the species with a higher ER in green open spaces,
cluster 3 is the species with the higher ER on roadsides, cluster 4 is the species with a similar ER in four habitat types,
cluster 5 is a rare roadside species but is still frequently found in the other three habitat types, and lastly, cluster 6 is
the group with the rarest species. Overall, this study suggests that yards that offer food and host plants can support
the urban habitat of butterflies in cities.

Development of Spatial Decision Support System for Village Based National Rice Production (Phase 2:
Developing Spatially-Explicit Dynamics Model of Rice)
by Dr Impron MAgrSc, Harry Imantho, SSi, MSc, Slamet Widodo Sugiarto, SSi, Dr Yudi Setiawan, Oxa Aspera
Endiviana, ST, and Taufiq Yuliawan, SSi, MSc
It is necessary that the main food needs (especially staple foods) continue to increase along with the increase in
population and in people’s welfare and income. On the other hand, the uncertainty of food supply is growing due to global
climate change, which affects the availability and supply of water and the development and change of biological enemies
of plants. The adoption of information technology and precision agriculture within the framework of environmental/
climate-based smart agriculture must be carried out so that agricultural activities can be managed appropriately,
adjusting to plant growth and development, soil conditions, and the environment/climate. Smart agricultural technology
is one of the efforts to increase agricultural productivity, resilience, and sustainability. The development of instruments
and tools based on information technology, remote sensing, and geographic information systems is needed by
agricultural business actors in climate-smart agriculture applications. This urgency underlies the research, designed
to combine spatial and non-spatial data on the potential of rice farming and environmental conditions (weather and
climate). The spatial and non-spatial data are integrated through a spatially explicit dynamics model of rice growth and
development approach. It is very important to know the spatial and temporal variability of a paddy field (landscape)
to be managed using precision agriculture approaches, strategies, and techniques oriented to increase productivity
and profits by means of improving agricultural input management, minimizing the impact on the environment toward
a sustainable agricultural system. The efforts to understand plants’ physical and chemical characteristics and their
interactions with soil and the environment are approached by plot design, treatment, periodic measurements, and
Spatio-temporal observations using Sentinel-2A satellite imagery. Analysis and testing of the parameters needed in
developing a spatially explicit dynamics model were conducted in March-November 2021. The research proved that
the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) based on Sentinel-2A imagery was the most sensitive vegetation index which
can distinguish varieties, fertilizers, and planting methods compared to NDVI, ARVI, and SAVI. The vegetation indices
 methods using Sentinel-2A imagery were able to detect
differences due to fertilizer treatments applied to rice
plants. Meanwhile, the leaf area index (LAI) measurement
and analysis showed that LAI was highly depended on
the variety, planting techniques, and fertilization rates. In
addition, the study also showed that LAI were estimated
very well using NDVI based on Sentinel-2A imagery, 12
compared to ARVI, EVI, and SAVI methods. The study
also found out that the absolute age of plants expressed
by thermal heat unit (THU) had a high correlation with
the greenness index of plants, and ARVI was the best
method for estimating the absolute age of plants (THU)
compared to the other three indices. Thus, the empirical
formula for the relationship between the absolute age of
rice plants (THU) and the vegetation index can be used to
estimate the greenness index of plants (NDVI) in cloud-
covered areas. The spatially explicit dynamics model of
rice growth and development has significant urgency for
farmers in managing paddy fields based on near-real-
time information. Further improvement of this study
(SIPANAS) results can be used by stakeholders starting
from the government level up to the farmer group level as
a tool for more optimally in managing and utilizing spatial
agricultural resources.

Impact and Recommendations

The completed research in 2021 paved the way for the formation of networks and collaboration with partners, while
the form of research dissemination is carried out through training activities and information dissemination. On the
other hand, SEAMEO BIOTROP has succeeded in building knowledge and facilitating learning for high school and
vocational schools in understanding various issues and solutions related to environment. Research results shall be
disseminated in the form of regional and international training and publications to the beneficiaries.

Key Results Area: Enhancing innovative programs under SEAMEO priority areas
Entering the 21st century, the need for broader educational goals has been increasingly defined in terms of well-being.
Well-being means more than access to material resources, such as income and wealth, jobs and income, and housing.
Well-being is also related to quality of life, including health, community involvement, social connections, education,
security, life satisfaction and the environment. However, to date, within the equitable access to all of these supports,
the concept of inclusive growth has not materialized. One indispensable indicator of welfare is education and literacy.
Inclusion and equality in and through education are the cornerstones of a transformative education agenda. Therefore,
a shared commitment is needed to address all forms of exclusion and marginalization, disparities and inequalities
in access, participation and learning outcomes. No educational target is considered fulfilled unless it is met by all
elements of education including students, teachers, education staff and the community. Education has an important
role in developing the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that enable people to contribute to and benefit from
an inclusive and sustainable future. Learning to set clear and purposeful goals, work with others with different
perspectives, discover untapped opportunities and identify various solutions to big problems will be crucial in the
years to come. Education should aim to do more than prepare young people for the world of work. Education needs to
equip students with the skills they need to become active, responsible and engaged citizens.

Biodiversity Literacy
Biodiversity is critical for the sustainable development of human society. However, the quality and quantity of
biodiversity continues to decline due to various pressures such as over exploitation and utilization, waste pollution, air
pollution, climate change, as well as forest and land fires. Ecosystem diversity has been disturbed by various human
actions so that various animal species are no longer existed and various plant varieties are lost. The extinction of
biodiverse is a serious threat especially caused by the use of both legal and illegal, and radical climate change. Nature
conservation is an urgent matter to be carried out. Nature conservation involves humans so that human knowledge and
awareness in conservation becomes necessary. To achieve adequate knowledge and awareness requires variations
and learning methods, especially in inspiring people to be active and participatory. Specifically, the combination of
active, participatory, and collaborative learning methods and activities in the field can enhance biodiversity knowledge
and skills. Learning biodiversity needs to accommodate human’s daily experiences with varied learning methods so
that people can comprehensively define the meaning and characteristics of the biodiversity. The existing study not
only emphasizes the physical aspects of conservation, but also pays less attention to the methodological aspects
that guarantee the transfer of knowledge and the formation of public awareness in biodiversity conservation.
Teaching concepts in biodiversity and ecosystems in science learning activities should be done by analyzing real
natural phenomena, especially concerning biodiversity that exists in everyday life. However, in its implementation,
most learning activities related to ecosystems and biodiversity are mostly carried out with traditional and classical
approaches.
Considerable gaps in biodiversity literacy are found between research institutions, scientists, and the public.
Communication and dissemination of knowledge and research results on biodiversity through scientific journal
publications can only be understood by a few people. A publication media with a popular and friendly language is
needed to bridge communication and downstream research results with the wider community/audience.

Resilience to Climate-Related Disasters

There are at least 3 negative impacts of climate change on biodiversity. First, climate change causes temperature
increases that are detrimental to a number of organisms, especially those in sensitive habitats such as coral reefs
and rainforests. Second, the stresses posed by climate change cause a range of responses from organisms including
its phenology, range and physiology, and often lead to changes in the life cycle, loss of productivity or even death.
Occasionally, the survival of some very sensitive species may be threatened. Third, the impacts of climate change on
biodiversity are expected to be felt in the short term in some species and ecosystems, but also in the medium and
long term in many biomes. Without mitigation and adaptation as early as possible, it will result in irreversible changes.
Natural disasters due to climate change are occurring more frequently, resulting in the increased vulnerability of rural
and coastal communities and the resulting internal and cross-border displacement, can leave entire generations
traumatized, uneducated and unprepared to contribute to the social and economic recovery of communities. Efforts
to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to the impacts of climate change and natural disasters must be carried
out through increasing education, awareness, and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation,
adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning. In addition, research and application of biotechnology must be
encouraged to support the conservation and saving of endangered flagship species. The mainstreaming of research
and development on bio-based energy, particularly biomass and biogas energy, should be encouraged to provide
environmentally friendly and affordable energy for the community.

Industry 4.0 and Disruptive Technologies

Industry 4.0 refers to the technological evolution from embedded systems to cyber-physical systems. It connects
embedded system production technologies and smart production processes to pave the way to a new technological
age which will radically transform industry and production value chains and business models. Industry 4.0 will lead to
potential deep changes in several domains that go beyond the industrial sector and allow the creation of new business
models. The most challenging aspects for the organizations that wish to adopt this new approach are touch skills and
qualifications of human resources and digital readiness level concerning problem-solving skills, failure analysis, and
the ability to deal with constant changes and completely new tasks.

Food Security and Safety

Food security is defined as a condition that exists when “all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their food preferences and food needs for an active and
healthy life”. This definition suggests four components of food security, namely: accessibility, availability, utilization,
and stability. Thus, food insecurity occurs when one of these components is not met. The Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), in particular Goal 1 (end poverty in all its forms everywhere) and Goal 2 (end hunger, achieve food
security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture), underscore the need to address food insecurity to
achieve human rights by 2030.
SEAMEO BIOTROP DIPA completed projects in 2021 has contributed to food security and safety, including how to
handle post-harvest food items that are not appropriate due to fungal contamination in 2021. This research produced
baseline data about optimum growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production in peanuts to be at 35 oC. Aflatoxin
production in peanuts increased with increasing water activity at 35 oC. A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production are
positively correlated with peanut moisture content. The highest water content of peanuts is at a temperature of 35 oC,
the water content increases with increasing water activity. This research was further deepened by molecular profile
characterization of toxigenicity of A. flavus. Molecular characterization of A. flavus strains from Indonesia using 29
genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis has been able to provide an overview of the molecular profiles of toxigenic
and non-toxigenic A. flavus. This study also succeeded in characterizing 2 non-toxigenic candidates of A. flavus which
lost most of the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes. These characteristics are very useful to be used as biocontrol agents in
the field against toxigenic A. flavus.
The ongoing SEAMEO BIOTROP DIPA project in 2022 study are to improve and address problems in urban communities,
particularly in Indonesia and the Philippines regarding food security and concerns during the pandemic to generate
policy recommendations. This research is a collaborative study between SEAMEO RECFON as the lead project, SEAMEO
BIOTROP, and SEARCA. The research aims to: (1) determine the status of food security among urban households in
Indonesia and the Philippines during the pandemic; (2) find out the key determinants of the food security of urban
households in Indonesia and the Philippines during the pandemic; (3) identify the range and most common coping
strategies adopted by urban households in Indonesia and the Philippines to provide for the daily food needs of their
members during the pandemic; (4) determine the social aids sought and received by urban households in Indonesia
and the Philippines from government institutions during the pandemic; (5) determine which of the food security
components are the most challenging for the urban households in Indonesia and the Philippines to cope up with during
the pandemic; (6) generate policy recommendations on addressing food security of urban households in Indonesia
and the Philippines during a pandemic.

Solutions
It is necessary to plan and implement the programs in promoting the Technical and Vocational Education and Training
(TVET) in terms of the improvement of skills, knowledge, and competencies of students, teachers, and educational
staff. Related to that, SEAMEO BIOTROP implements the program by engaging the Vocational High Schools (VHS) in
Indonesia, which were SMARTS-BE programs and research grants for teachers in VHS. Since 2018, SEAMEO BIOTROP
has been focusing on developing vocational high schools by implementing the SMARTS-BE program. This program
was aimed to support the learning process, and improve the knowledge and skills of teachers and students on fruit and
proper fruit tree cultivation in schools. Within this program, it was expected to be a tool to facilitate teaching factories
in vocational high schools by involving teachers and students. This program developed intensive cultivation of fruit
plants which considers three fundamental principles, such as genetics, environmental input, and pest and disease
management. Furthermore, the modalities that SMARTS-BE owns would be developed to become the Agro-Eco-Edu
Tourism program in vocational high schools. Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism is tourism activities to promote agricultural
products, environmental products, and learning (educational) packages to improve skills and welfare of communities.
This program can be developed as a tool to conserve biodiversity and tackle climate action, and also a tool to educate
general public regarding biodiversity and climate change.
Southeast Asia is known to have 20% of the overall biodiversity in the world. Three countries in Southeast Asia
are known as megabiodiversity countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This potency is really
necessary to be disseminated to the public as a strategy to increase biodiversity literacy. However, the information
about biodiversity has been delivered mainly to the scientific community and is not publicly understood by the general
public. Therefore, it is necessary to disseminate information about biodiversity in an easier and more understandable
way to the general public. Hence, SEAMEO BIOTROP publishes a scientific magazine to increase interest and awareness
on biodiversity issues in an attractive and easy-to-understand presentation to the public, i.e., the BIODIVERS popular
scientific magazine.
Biodiversity is indispensable for Indonesia’s future sustainable development. However, the challenges that will be faced
in the effort to empower biodiversity are owned. Therefore, several strategies are needed to take future challenges
related to biodiversity. One of the efforts to overcome this problem is through the dissemination of BIODIVERS
magazines. This magazine is a media that can increase public interest and awareness on biodiversity issues in an
attractive and easy-to-understand presentation. The contents of the BIODIVERS magazine come from various experts
through workshops, FGDs, and interviews to get the latest information related to biodiversity issues. In addition,
this magazine disseminates the latest information related to biodiversity which is packaged interestingly as reading
materials. BIODIVERS magazine brand has been registered with ISSN to increase public’s trust.
Besides disseminating information regarding biodiversity, it is also crucial to properly utilize biodiversity by employing
biotechnology to support food security. The technology must be environmentally friendly and free of chemical residue
that potentially harm the environment and humans. Therefore, SEAMEO BIOTROP developes a prototype of biopesticide
by utilizing organic sources, waste, and chemical-free which supports the circular economy (zero-waste). SEAMEO
BIOTROP also investigates the potential natural resources to be utilized for food security and nutrition.

SMARTS-BE/TVET: The Effect of Cultivation Conditions on Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Seed
Production and Oil Quality (Omega 3, 6, 9)
by Supriyanto, Zulhamsyah Imran, Rhomi Ardiansyah, Brian Auliyai, Aditya Pratama, and Faustinus Kadha
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo, Euphorbiaceae) is known as a Peruvian seed containing a high level of
unsaturated fatty acids, such as alpha-linolenic acid (Omega-3), linoleic acid (Omega-6), and oleic acid (Omega-9).
These essential fatty acids are important functional foods due to their benefits for human health. Considering its
benefits, it is necessary to find the right cultivation conditions to develop Sacha Inchi in Indonesia, where it has not
been widely cultivated. This study aimed to determine the adaptability of Sacha Inchi to different cultivation conditions
and the effects of these conditions on seed production and oil quality. Sacha Inchi plants were cultivated under three
different cultivation conditions (open area, mixed cultures, and agroforestry) and the seeds were harvested monthly
to determine the seed production and oil quality. The results showed that seed production in the open area was higher
than the production in other conditions. The highest oil yield from monthly harvesting was found in mixed cultures.
Interestingly, the level of Omega-3 content in the agroforestry condition was higher compared to the content in other
conditions. The level of Omega-6 and Omega-9 contents in the open area was higher than those in mixed cultures
and agroforestry. However, the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the three different cultivation conditions was not
 significantly different, i.e., 91.88% in the open area,
92.53% in mixed cultures, and 92.97% for agroforestry.
In conclusion, the cultivation of Sacha Inchi under
open areas is recommended due to its seed
productivity which will affect the total oil production.
On March 2022, this research has been published
in Agronomy, a Q1 rank journal of Multidisciplinary
Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) indexed by Scopus
and Web of Science (SCIE) with the impact factor
3.949 and citation score 3.9.
SMARTS-BE program has developed 37 Vocational
High Schools (VHS) across 19 provinces, as well as 818
teachers and 8,300 students. During its development,
the SMARTS-BE program also developed its partners
to the Senior High Schools, Islamic Senior High
Schools, and Islamic Boarding Schools in a total
of 32 schools, as well as, 96 teachers. SMARTS-BE
program has been focusing on the development of
intensive fruit gardens in 37 VHS of SMARTS-BE
partners, covering 38.8 ha. The program has planted
16,824 plants with 78.8% survival rates (13,246
plants). In total, 46 plant varieties were planted in
VHS areas, and 92% of them has produced fruit in
2021. The development of intensive fruit gardens has
also produced 54 standard operational procedures
(SOP) for its establishment, and 94 SOP for derivative
products that has been produced by VHS.
In 2021, the SMARTS BE program conducted two
technical guidance activities related to derivative
product development and Internet of Things for
Smart Hydroponic-Aquaponic which was attended by
36 schools and 190 teachers. This program has also
conducted a Workshop on the development of Model
Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism program in VHS. This workshop produced criteria and indicators for Nusantara Agro-Eco-Edu
Tourism program in VHS, containing 6 criteria, 16 indicators, and 45 parameters and has been agreed upon by the
participants of the Workshop. The SMARTS-BE partners also conducted the training of trainers related to the Agro-
Eco-Edu Tourism program which was attended by 37 schools and 183 teachers. In the same year, the SMARTS-BE
program is also implemented in Indonesian schools of Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia, and Davau, in the Philippines. This
program has collaborated with the Institute Brunei for Technology and Engineering (IBTE) to develop avocado, orange,
banana, and passion fruit. The implementation of the SMARTS-BE program in the Indonesian Schools of Malaysia and
the Philippines, as well as, the collaboration with the IBTE are the initiation of SMARTS-BE goes to Southeast Asia.
Besides activities carried out in the vocational high schools, the SMARTS-BE program also developed the experimental
farm in SEAMEO BIOTROP as a genetic conservation area for superior plant species, such as several varieties of lemon
and orange, and Sacha Inchi nut. In 2022, the SMARTS-BE program targeted to spread the program to Southeast Asia
countries and implement the Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism program in the selected VHS in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta
and West Java region. The implementation of the SMARTS-BE program in Southeast Asia was initiated and will be
continued to be implemented by translating the guideline of the SMARTS-BE program into English.

BIOPesticide Prototype: Production of Organic Pesticide Prototypes in School Garden Commodity

Conservation Efforts (supporting BIONIK activities) through School Participation
by Risa Rosita, Zulhamsyah Imran, Dewi Rahmawati, Nijma Nurfadila, Sunardi Ikay
One of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s priority programs is the “Save Biodiversity for Future Generations” which emphasizes the
need to carry out the transfer of knowledge on biodiversity conservation as early as, in the young minds of high school
or vocational school students in Indonesia and ASEAN.
The target of this activity is to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG no 4 Quality Education,
SDG no 11 Make Cities and Human Settlements Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable, SDG no 15 Life on Land
and SDG 17 Partnerships for the Goals. The activity provides and supports Seven Priority Areas in science: (1) natural
resources and environmental management: circular economy; (2) food security and nutrition and precision agriculture,
as well as in education: (1) promoting technical and vocational education and training; and (2) promoting harmonization
in higher education and research.
Transfer of knowledge and guidance related to organic pesticides to secondary schools needs to be carried out from
an early age as an effort to conserve biodiversity in school gardens from disturbance of Plant Pest Organisms (PPO).
Additionally, organic pesticides is also considered chemical-free, so it is safe for schools. Organic pesticide in the
form of Liquid Smoke “Liqcoris TM” is a liquid organic pesticide that is formulated from environmentally friendly
organic materials with the basic ingredients of Indonesian plants native. Most of the plant material used is plant
waste. Liqcoris TM Liquid Smoke can inhibit the development of plant pathogens from most groups of bacteria and
fungi. By using Liqcoris TM Liquid Smoke, it means that we are participating in protecting the environment, because
the organic pesticide is non-toxic and not persistent for the environment. The use of synthetic chemical pesticides
is harmful to the environment. The chemical pesticide is also persistent and have the potential to cause resistance
and resurgence of plant pathogens. The implementation of the production of organic pesticide prototypes involved 3
school models in West Java, i.e., SMKN 1 Rongga, SMKN PP Cianjur and SMKN 1 Rongga.

Initiation of Smart Agriculture: The Development of a Village-Based National Spatial Decision Support
System for Rice Production (Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Spasial Untuk Produksi Beras Nasional Berbasis
Desa/SIPANAS)
Since 2020, SEAMEO BIOTROP has been developing instruments and tools based on information technology through
its program called “Development of a Village-Based National Spatial Decision Support System for Rice Production”. The
adoption of information technology and precision agriculture within the framework of environmental/climate-based
smart agriculture has been carried out to improve
and manage agricultural activities appropriately.
The system is designed to assist beneficiaries
in combining spatial and non-spatial data about
the potential of rice farming and environmental
conditions through the interaction of the
spatial dynamics model of the approach and
development of rice to understand the physical
and chemical characteristics of plants and their
interactions with the soil and the environment
by means of periodic measurements and
spatial-temporal observations using Sentinel-2A
satellite imagery.
The smart agriculture system has been utilized
by stakeholders from the government level to
the farmer group level as a more optimal tool
in managing and utilizing the spatial layout of
agricultural resources in the form of SIPANAS.

Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism: The Development of Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism Program in Supporting Biodiversity

Conservation
by Perdinan, Supriyanto, Rhomi Ardiansyah, Armaiki Yusmur, and Shella Marlinda  
SEAMEO BIOTROP has an important role to promote the real values of tropical biodiversity in supporting resilience to
climate change. Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism is among programs to advance tropical biodiversity conservation in Southeast
Asia (SEA) countries, as initiated by SEAMEO BIOTROP. This program includes tourism activities in publicizing
agricultural products, environmental products, and learning packages to improve skills and welfare of the Southeast
Asian communities. In the context of developing the Agro-Eco-EduTourism model for SEA, SEAMEO BIOTROP plans
to develop the concept and design of the on-site Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism based on SEAMEO BIOTROP’s potential of
facilities, innovative products, as well as its strategic location as shown by the high number of visitors per year (up to
5,000) in SEAMEO BIOTROP. Within these modalities, SEAMEO BIOTROP aims to develop the Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism
Program to become a model in supporting Biodiversity Conservation for SEA.
Through this program we expect to enhance genetic conservation for endemic and superior species for fruit plants
and ornamental fish, create the entrepreneurship and improve productivity of smallholder farmers in food production
system, and improve ecosystem services function.
The general objective of this program is to enhance the continuation of tropical biodiversity conservation program in
Southeast Asia through agricultural and ecosystem-based education and tourism activities. The specific objectives
include:
1. Designing and conceptualizing the Development of Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism at SEAMEO BIOTROP;
2. Disseminating and promoting product innovation and knowledge development of SEAMEO BIOTROP;
3. Enhancing cooperation between SEAMEO BIOTROP and other parties in the development of Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism;
4. Developing the Center for Conservation of Tropical Fruit Plants and Ornamental Fish Biodiversity through Agro-
Eco-Edu Tourism
In the implementation of this program, there are several activities that will be conducted in this program, as detailed
in Figure 23.

Figure 23. Detail Timeline of the Agro-Eco-Edu Tourism Program in SEAMEO BIOTROP
BIODIVERS: BIOTROP Science Magazine

Figure 24. Cover of BIODIVERS: BIOTROP Science Magazine Vol 1 No 1 and Vol 1 No 2

SEAMEO BIOTROP’s big target, namely “Literacy on Tropical Biology,” to be achieved in 2030 requires the effort of
SEAMEO BIOTROP to continue the implementation and improve its main mandates as a regional center focusing
on science, competency improvement/ capacity building, and information dissemination. In this regard, SEAMEO
BIOTROP developes a popular scientific magazine in 2022 called BIODIVERS. The presence of BIODIVERS as a popular
scientific magazine is expected to increase public understanding and awareness of biodiversity. BIODIVERS is a bi-
annual publication with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) and is published every January and July. The
focus themes of BIODIVERS magazine include: 1) Restoration and Conservation of Unique and Degraded Ecosystems;
2) Sustainable Biodiversity Management; 3) Utilization of Bioenergy, Biotechnology to Support Sustainability; 4)
Strengthening Ecosystem Resilience; 5) Ecotourism Development in Promoting Biodiversity Conservation; and 6)
Initiatives Against Potential Risks of Biodiversity Loss.
This magazine also envisions becoming a popular scientific magazine for promoting and publishing scientists’ research
findings from SEAMEO BIOTROP and overseas. All articles submitted for publication in BIODIVERS are evaluated by
subject matter experts and through editorial revision. The articles come from writers worldwide. Articles published in
BIODIVERS cover research results, short communication in which advances in knowledge of significance are briefly
announced, and reviews on specific topics. Besides conducting the call for BIODIVERS magazine articles, some
activities were undertaken to produce engaging articles related to popular biodiversity issues, such as Workshop on
BIODIVERS Scientific Magazine Publishing, Workshop on Popular Scientific Article Writing, and Interviewing the Expert.
The workshop activity aims to share knowledge on the procedures for writing popular scientific articles, building
partnerships, and initiating collaborations with resource persons and among participants.
BIODIVERS magazine has been published twice during 2022, namely Volume 1 No. 1 with the highlighted title “Climate
Change and Coastal Resilience” and Volume 1 No. 2 with the highlighted title “Save Biodiversity for Sustainable
Well-being”. Each issue of BIODIVERS magazine consists of Director’s messages, remarks from SEAMEO BIOTROP
Governing Board Chair, Editorial Messages, articles, and advertisements. Articles contained in Volume 1 No. 1
BIODIVERS Magazine were: 1) Environment Vulnerability Decision Technology (EVDT): Mangrove Management;
2) Spatial Planning Based Ecosystem Adaptations in Indonesia; 3) GoI Initiatives Against Potential Risk of Climate
Change Impact in Indonesia; 4) Extreme Climates in Coastal Cities, 5) Marine and Coastal Monitoring: Nanosatellite
Technology. BIODIVERS Magazine Volume 1 No. 2 consists of 7 articles, namely 1) Biomass Sources for Sustainable
Bioenergy Production in Indonesia; 2) Effectivity of Signal Grass (Brachiaria decumbens) Enriched with Microorganisms
to Absorb Heavy Metals (Pb); 3) Re-establishing Natural Habitats Program: A Catalyst for Biodiversity Restoration in
Myanmar; 4) Biotechnology for Tropical Plant Breeding in SEAMEO BIOTROP; 5) The Role of Black Soldier Fly Larvae in
Conserving Biodiversity; 6) How Can We Get the Healthy Chocolate Products?; and 7) Crayfish as Food in Indonesia. In
the magazine Volume 1 No. 2, there are also a news on interview with Ir. Laksmi Dhewanthi, M.A. IPU, Director General
of Climate Change Control, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia.
BIODIVers is being published through the Center website, which can be accessed through https://biotrop.org/biodivers
and through printed copies. The online edition of the first 2 volume of Biodivers have been accessed 2089 times, and
200 printed copies have been disseminated to stakeholders, including universities, lecturer, governing board members,
and others.

BIOTROP Heritage Collection

The Southeast Asian regions are blessed with a considerable biodiversity, where four out of twenty-five hotspots
of the world are located, i.e., Indo-Burma, Sundaland, Wallacea, and Philippines. The Indo-Burma hotspot, which is
2,373,000 km2 in extent and includes Vietnam and Cambodia, has 7,000 endemic vascular plant species, 520 reptile
species of which 200 species are endemic, and the highest diversity of freshwater turtles in the world with 53 species.
Sundaland hotspot, with its core in Indonesia, has about 25,000 vascular plant species, of which 15,000 are endemic;
approximately 770 bird species of which nearly 150 are endemic; more than 170 endemic mammal species; and over
450 species of reptiles of which roughly 250 are endemic.
Established in 1968 SEAMEO BIOTROP has three program thrusts, namely Tropical Forest Biology, Tropical Pest
Biology, and Tropical Aquatic Biology. The survey of botanical exploration and conservation of biological diversity was
an activity that was widely carried out from the Tropical Forest Biology and Tropical Pest Biology programs, to the
collection of thousands of herbarium specimens from natural forests and plantations. Herbarium specimens from
these two activities are then stored in the Forest Herbarium and Weed Herbarium. The Tropical Forest Biology program
at that time collaborated with the Research Team from France and carried out intensive mapping of Sumatra and
West Kalimantan vegetation. From the Tropical Pest Biology Program, the biodiversity exploration and conservation
activities were also published in the form of the book titled “Aquatic Weeds of Southeast Asia” and “Weeds of Rice in
Indonesia”, as well as leaflets and other scientific publications.
In 2000, the collection of herbarium specimens became one management and until now is maintained in the herbarium
SEAMEO BIOTROP. Herbarium SEAMEO BIOTROP itself has been listed in the Herbariorum Index with the acronym
BIOT since 1990.
Since 2001, the collection of herbarium specimens is supplemented with the collection of Bryophyta and lichen
because SEAMEO BIOTROP conducted regional training on Bryophyta and lichen in 2001-2005.

Highlights: Seaweed Tissue Culture Technology

Research on tissue culture of Cottonii seaweed has been carried out at SEAMEO BIOTROP from 2010 to 2012. The
research has produced a tissue culture protocol that has the potential to be used for the production of superior seeds
of Cottonii seaweed on a large scale. Since 2013, SEAMEO BIOTROP, has implemented a program to further develop
this technology so that it can be applied to overcome the problem of providing superior Cottonii seaweed seeds. The
results of the multilocation tests conducted in 2012-2013 showed that seaweed seedlings produced by tissue culture
technology grew faster with higher carrageenan content than those produced by conventional technology. In 2014
the SEAMEO BIOTROP seaweed tissue culture technology was adopted by the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs
and Fisheries (MMAF), to overcome the problem of lack of Cottonii seaweed seedlings for seaweed farmers. The use
of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s tissue culture technology for providing Cottonii seaweed seedlings nationally is stated in the
Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 33 of 2019 concerning the Road Map for the Development
of the National Seaweed Industry for 2018-2021 and the Strategy for Increasing Production of Seaweed Cultivation in
2021-2024, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia.
Coastal waters in Indonesia are very diverse in environmental conditions, seaweed seedlings propagated using tissue
culture technology using the broodstocks from the South Sulawesi Province sometimes cannot grow well in several
provinces, such as the East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara Provinces. Therefore, another effort needed
to meet the national target of providing seaweed seedlings using tissue culture technology is the diversification of
Cottonii seaweed broodstocks that are propagated using tissue culture technology. Provision of seaweed seedlings
using tissue culture with broodstocks originating from cultivation sites is expected to increase the survival rate and
yields of seaweed when cultivated at the origin sites.
In 2014 to 2020, SEAMEO BIOTROP had succeeded in producing seaweed seedlings using tissue culture technology
with broodstocks originating from various regions in Indonesia, i.e., Natuna, Takalar, South Konawe, and Lombok
Island. In 2021 to 2022, with the funding from UNIDO GQSP, SEAMEO BIOTROP optimizes the method of propagating
Cottonii seaweed using tissue culture technolgy with superior broodstock originating from the Bantaeng Regency,
which is one of the centers for Cottonii seaweed production. Seaweed broodstocks originating from the Bantaeng
Regency is proven to be genetically adaptable to be cultivated in the area, and thus increasing the survival rate and
yields.
In 2021 to 2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP carried out research to optimize the method of Cottonii seaweed propagation
using tissue culture technology with broodstocks originating from the Bantaeng Regency (South Sulawesi Province),
Biak (Papua Province), Pesawaran (Lampung Province) and Sumbawa Island (West Nusa Tenggara Province). The
seedlings are now currently being tested in the coastal waters of Bantaeng Regency.
Cottonii seaweed, which is widely cultivated in the provinces of East and West Nusa Tenggara, has a different species
from other provinces in Indonesia, namely Kappaphycus striatum or known as saccol seaweed. The East and West
Nusa Tenggara provinces are also the centers of high seaweed production in Indonesia. Only a few coastal waters in
these two provinces are suitable for the cultivation of K. alvarezii. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to
obtain a method of propagating seaweed K. sriatum using tissue culture technology, so that the problem of providing
seaweed seedlings in this area can be overcome. The progress of study on propagating seaweed K. striatum using
tissue culture technology has now reached the callus induction stage. Further study needs to be done until the
formation of micropropagules and plantlets.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the demand for ornamental plants is greatly increase. Many people explore native
Indonesian ornamental plants directly into natural forests, because the price of these native ornamental plants
increases and there is a lot of demand for exports. SEAMEO BIOTROP conducts research on tissue culture technology
to propagate native Indonesian ornamental plants, such as Alocasia, Aglaonema, Anubias and Bucephalandra
ornamental plants. With the existence of tissue culture technology, the community does not need to explore natural
forests, thereby preventing damages to the natural forest ecosystem.
In 2022, in a collaborative study with UNIDO’s Global Quality Standard Procedure (GQSP) SmartFish 2, SEAMEO
BIOTROP optimizes Cottonii seaweed propagation using tissue culture technology. The collaborative study developes
a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the provision of Cottonii seaweed seedlings using tissue culture technology.
The SOP was socialized and disseminated through offline training. The participants came from universities, research
institutes, private companies, seaweed associations, local governments and related ministries.
SEAMEO BIOTROP produces tissue culture protocols for native Indonesian ornamental plants such as Alocasia,
Anubias, Bucephalandra and Aglaonema. The protocol has been disseminated to students through internship programs
and to general public through webinars.
 STRATEGIC THEME 3:
Strategic Partnership, Stakeholder Engagement,
and Linkages
Key Results Area: Improving stakeholders’ engagement to ensure that each individual is
equipped with relevant skills to deal with the rapidly changing world of work
ASEAN is home to 20 percent of all known species of the world and is the center of the world’s marine biodiversity.
All these rich natural resources, however, are confronted with immense environmental challenges and stresses.
Increasing population, rapid urbanization, and progressive economic development have led to an increase in the
demand and consumption of food, water, and energy. ASEAN region has also been facing a rise in average and extreme
temperatures, an increase in wet months due to rainfall, rainfall intensity, and duration, as well as greater frequencies
of extreme events, such as droughts, floods, land and/or forest fires.
The diverse ASEAN environment has to be sustainably maintained. Various efforts have been carried out, but still with
minimal results. Deforestation, mining, and any land utilization changes due to anthropogenic and economic reasons
are still happening at an increasing rate. The impacts are quite clear before our own eyes. Droughts and extreme
temperature rises have been going on worldwide, which have claimed fatalities in some areas worldwide.
Lack of biodiversity awareness is one of the main factors hindering people from engaging in biodiversity issues.
Lack of awareness will lead to the disastrous environmental and conservation impact, as well as to the negligence of
biodiversity importance to the welfare of human beings and the earth.
Despite the lack of awareness, each country has been doing its best efforts to overcome the adverse effect of the
unwise use of our natural resources. Nonetheless, it seems that collaborative efforts from all countries should be
implemented. SEAMEO BIOTROP as one of SEAMEO Centers in the Southeast Asian region has quite an expertise and
human resources in initiating collaborations for sustainably overcoming those adverse impacts.

Solutions and Highlights

The dissemination of knowledge and information produced by SEAMEO BIOTROP is the strong key to supporting the
efforts in tackling environmental issues. In the 54 years of its establishment, SEAMEO BIOTROP has produced several
applicable technologies in line with the efforts, such as tissue culture technologies, smart and precision agriculture,
the usage of mycorrhiza for bettering soil quality, and many more. The Center’s products are in accordance with the
vision, missions, mandates, and program thrusts of the Center.
All of those technologies are presented in several of the Center’s publications products, such as educational videos,
podcasts, monographs and special publications, BIOTROPIA Journal, BIODIVERSE popular scientific magazine,
BIOCourier Newsletter, infographics, postings in social media, leaflets and brochures. Other dissemination in the forms
of Talk of Affiliate Scientists, BIOTROP to Schools, Monday Mind Cloud Ideas (MOMI Cloudia), as well as international
seminars and workshops are among the Center’s vehicles for disseminating knowledge and information produced by
the Center’s scientists.
SEAMEO BIOTROP also initiates programs for improving climate literacy, strengthening local capacity, improving
knowledge management, implementing convergent policy on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction,
as well as implementing the application of adaptive technology. The Center also aims at strengthening understanding
of biodiversity through adaptation to school curricula and increasing on-the-job training for students on biodiversity
and monitoring of environmental quality.
Traditional best practices in resource and environmental management are also facilitated by SEAMEO BIOTROP.
Dissemination of technical guidance through monographs publication, educational videos, as well as dissemination of
simple and adaptive innovations are carried out by the Center.
In line with its 11th Five-Year Development Plan (2022 - 2027), the Services
Laboratory and Innovation Department (SLID) of SEAMEO BIOTROP conducts
several analytical service activities which are summarized in the scope of
testing supported by funds from institutions and collaboration with other
institutions. SLID has provided benefits to partners including researchers,
teachers, students, educators, practitioners, decision-makers and other
professionals from academic, government, and private institutions
involved in the field of tropical biology. Most of the scope of testing/
analysis services that have been carried out are in accordance
with the Scope of the Accreditation Certificate from the National
Accreditation Committee.
The summary of the engagement across all SEAMEO BIOTROP’s platforms is presented in Table 3.
Table 3 Summary of SEAMEO BIOTROP engagement across all platforms and methods in FY 2021/2022
No Platform/Methods Offline reach Online reach
1 Special Publication 292 printed publication request 707 digital copies of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s
were facilitated through the center’s publication downloaded thorugh the Center’s
publication system website
2 BIOTROPIA 600 copies printed and distributed to 31658 abstract views
universities in Indonesia
3 Biodivers 180 phyisical copies printed and BIODIVERS Vol 1 No 1 and 2 accessed online
distributed to stakeholders and visitors 2089 times
4 BioCourier 700 printed copies distributed to SEAMEO BIOTROP Courier and Courier accessed 2584
BIOTROP Visitors times
5 Facebook - 174,042 post reach
6 Instagram - 26,113 post reach
7 Youtube - 57,742 total video views
8 Official Website - 22,272 unique visitiors from 144 countries
9 Media Coverage - 58 articles on Centre’s activities and programs
published in national printed and online media;
10 articles published in MoECRT website
10 Exhibition The Center participated in 4 offline SEAMEO BIOTROP Virtual expo is available and
exhibition activities attended by hundreds accessible through the Center’s website
of visitors
11 Scientific Visit The Center facilitated 1174 offline visitors 170 students of Regina Pacis visit SEAMEO
through its scientific visit program BIOTROP Virtually

Highlighted Activities: BIOTROPIA Journal Publication

The scope of BIOTROPIA Journal is broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental
impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, and environmental and
forest biotechnology. Starting from 2012, BIOTROPIA has been
successfully indexed by SciVerse SCOPUS (Elsevier), CrossRef,
and DOAJ. During the Fiscal Year under review, the BIOTROPIA
Journal attains the Quartile 3 status from the Scimago Journal
and Country Rank for its Agricultural and Biological Sciences and
Ecology subjects. The journal attains a 0.21 SJR score with an
H-Index of 10. The Center distributed
approximately 100 printed copies to
research institutions, universities,
libraries, and private companies
inside and outside Indonesia.
From July 2021 to June 2022, SEAMEO
BIOTROP has published three issues
of BIOTROPIA Journal, i.e., Vol. 28 No.
2 August 2021, Vol 28 No. 3 December
2021 and Vol. 29 No. 1 April 2022. The
authors come from Southeast Asian Figure 25. Cover of BIOTROPIA Vol 28 No 2, Vol
Countries such as Indonesia, Philippines, 28 No 3, and Vol 29 No 1
Malaysia, Thailand, Australia, and Brazil.
The list of articles from the three issues
of BIOTROPIA Journal published in the
fiscal year under review is shown in
Appendix 5 (publication). The list contains the title of each article categorized into respective science subjects. The
list also informs us about the country of origin of each article.
This fiscal year 2021/2022 marked the end of
SEAMEO BIOTROP’s 10th Five Year Development
Plan (FYDP) 2017 - 2022. Through this period,
the Center has successfully accommodated
its Projects on the Expansion of the subject
matter coverage, frequency of publication, and
readership of the Center’s BIOTROPIA journal.
From 2017 to 2022, a total of 31 articles by
foreign authors and 111 articles by Indonesian
authors were published in the BIOTROPIA journal.
To accommodate the need for scientific
information in the fields of tropical biology,
BIOTROPIA has increased its frequency of
publication to 3 issues per year in 2017, and
increased its number of articles from 8 to 10
articles per issue in 2020. Currently, 30 issues
Figure 26. BIOTROPIA Citation and Number of Articles
of research articles, short communication, and
review articles are published every year through
BIOTROPIA.
To increase its regional visibility, SEAMEO BIOTROP
has invited prominent experts from Southeast
Asia to serve as the Journal Editorial Board
Members. Currently, 16 experts from Indonesia,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Singapore
with the task of giving a recommendation of
well-written quality papers for publication in
the Journal​ , helping the dissemination of the
journal articles acquaintances​, and functioning
as reviewers, and suggesting the decision for
the editorial team on acceptance, revisions, or
rejection of the manuscripts.
To promote and advertise BIOTROPIA Journal for
citation invitations and call for papers, the Center
engages the use of social media platforms and
scientific community platforms, such as Research
Gate, Instagram, and Facebook.
Figure 27. The top cited manuscripts of BIOTROPIA

Figure 28. BIOTROPIA’s account in Instagram and Research Gate

BIOTROPIA Article Highlights
Growth of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) fed with Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis) and Carp (Cyprinus
carpio) Residues
by Agus Dana Permana, Ramadhani Eka Putra, Auliya Nurulfah, Mia Rosmiati, Ida Kinasih and Dian Anggria Sari
One main drawback of the local animal industry is the unavailability of affordable and sustainable protein supply for
the livestock. Insect larvae, such as the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL), are considered a protein
source that can be produced at a large scale using low-cost organic wastes as feeding material.
A diet combination consisting of a higher proportion of protein and lipid has resulted in a higher weight of harvested
prepupae and the lowest mortality of the black soldier fly which was probably due to a higher consumption rate and
approximately higher digestibility. To improve the sustainable production of the feed, further studies are suggested
on the rearing environment of larvae, particularly on reducing the mortality rate of pupae brought about by the bio-
converted waste that is high in protein and lipid; on the effect of various waste materials to biomass production and
sustainability; and on the composition of biomass.
This article is published in BIOTROPIA Vol 28 No. 2 August 2021

Understanding Natural Regeneration in Burned Tropical Peatland: A Strategy to Accelerate the Forest Recovery
Process
by Dwi Puji Lestari, Taryono Darusman, Fransiskus Harsanto, Desra Arriyadi, Ginanjar
The 2015’s massive forest fires have left large areas of burned peatlands that need to be restored, demanding a sub-
stantial number of resources. To understand natural regeneration on burned peatland and how planting might acceler-
ate its recovery process, we measured recruitment on burned peatland with different fire frequencies. Three transects
were established, each consisting of five 20 x 20 m2 plots developed at a 30 m interval.
The finding suggests that the absence of remnant trees due to frequent or severe fires does not always impede the
emergence of new recruitments, although the diversity of forest regrowth is likely to be affected by its proximity to
forest remnants. The floristic composition also showed the domination of pioneer species, giving evidence that forest
recovery is initiated.
The article concludes that to support the recovery process through planting activity, the successional stage of the des-
ignated sites should be determined first. During the early phase of succession, stand initiation should be addressed
first by the colonization of rapidly recruiting species to ensure continuous regeneration.
Therefore, the common planting method in large areas with mixed climax-high valuable trees is unbeneficial unless the
restoration sites have reached the later stages of succession.
This article is published in BIOTROPIA Vol 28 No. 3 December 2021

Special Publication
In line with the Center’s mission to provide scientific knowledge and build capacities of institutions and communities,
the Center published books and technical guidance on the Center’s expertise as well as proceedings that are
categorized as the Center’s Special Publication. These publications are released in printed and digital versions, at least
two publications each year.
During the Fiscal Year 2021/2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP publishes 4 Special Publication, as follows:

Figure 29. Special Publications of BIOTROP in FY 2021/2022

Buku Panduan Praktik Teknologi Kultur Jaringan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi (Practical Book on the Practice of
Tissue Culture Technology in Biotechnology Laboratory)
by Dewi Rahmawati (SEAMEO BIOTROP, Biotechnology Laboratory) and Edhi Sandra (Faculty of Forestry, IPB
University)
This book presents the implementation of tissue culture technology to propagate plant seedlings. The content of
this technical guidance is Introduction to Tissue Culture Equipment; Sanitizing of A Laboratory; the Making of Hand
Sanitizer; Procedure on Using and Maintaining Laminar Air Flow; Sterilizing Glasswares, Dissecting Tools, Distilled
Water, and Culture Media; Explant Preparation; Sterilizing Explant; Preparing Stock Solution and Tissue Culture Media;
Multiplication Induction of Explant; Explant Elongation; Induction of Explant Root; Maintaining Explant in A Laboratory;
Contamination Handling; Acclimatization; and Utilization of Tissue Culture Technology.
The demand for this book is quite high. Of the 200 hard copies, 142 books have been ordered and delivered to those
who ordered the books, mainly from universities and high schools, research institutions, government agencies, and
private companies.

Serangan Cendawan dan Kontaminasi Mikotoksin pada Kacang Tanah, Jagung dan Sorgum, serta Pencegahan dan
Pengendaliannya (Fungal Attack and Mycotoxin Contamination in Peanuts, Maize, and Sorghum: The Prevention
and Control)
by Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra, Nijma Nurfadila, Santi Ambarwati, and Ina Retnowati (SEAMEO BIOTROP
Phytopathology Laboratory)
Many incidents of fungal attack and mycotoxin contamination happen in our daily lives, and yet, very few publications
discuss these issues including prevention and control.
This book explains the circumstances and environment that encourage fungal attack and mycotoxin contamination
and also the regulation, prevention, and control.
The content of this book is Introduction to fungi, mycotoxin, food safety, factors influencing the existence of fungi and
mycotoxin on food; fungi and aflatoxin on food; government regulation on the maximum tolerable limit of mycotoxin
on food; prevention and control of fungal attack and mycotoxin contamination.
Of the 200 hard copies, 150 books have been ordered and delivered to those ordering the books, mainly from universities,
government agencies, research institutions, and private sectors.

Community-Based Climate Change Adaptaion Actions: A Lesson Learned from East Lombok
by Perdinan, Ikrom Mustofa, Syafararisa Dian Pratiwi, Sabilla Cahyaning Janna, Suvany Aprilia, Nanang S. Dirja, Ela
Nurhayati, Lilik Triyanto and Zul Ashfi Mendrofa
This e-book thoroughly describes the community-based climate change adaptation action as an approach to allowing
the local community involved in the practices and planning activities. This book provides lessons learned from
community-based CCA in East Lombok Regency, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. The intervention program in East
Lombok was conducted for 15 months and supported by the Islamic Relief Indonesia and implemented by KONSEPSI.
The successful intervention program showed good impacts on farmers, namely most farmers have access to climate
data and information, and the existence of “Sekolah Lapang Iklim” to increase the knowledge of the communities
regarding the influence of climate on each sector. The CCA intervention program succeeded in increasing females’
participation in agricultural activities as well as in product sales and decision-making activities.

Bunga Rampai Catatan Harian Dr Zulhamsyah Imran: Gagasan, Inspirasi dan Kenangan (Diary of Dr Zulhamsyah
Imran: Ideas, Inspiration and Memories)
by Zulhamsyah Imran
This e-book contains personal notes on ideas, inspiration, and memories captured by Dr Zulhamsyah, both as a person
and as the Director of SEAMEO BIOTROP.
Since 2017, the Center has published a total of 18 monographs, 6 proceedings in Indonesian and English, and 2 policy
briefs. Through its digital publication services that have been operating since 2020, the Center has facilitated 808
beneficiaries with over 7,500 printed copies of the Center’s publication distributed. Besides physical copies, the digital
version of the Center’s publication has been downloaded 2,175 times.
BioCourier and Other Promotional Materials
BioCourier is the Center’s newsletter that is quarterly
published. The newsletter has been one of the
Center’s vehicles for outreach regarding its activities,
programs, and achievements. The newsletter has
undergone several changes since its first publication.
Since 2022 the Center decides to present refreshing
looks and concepts to make the newsletter more
elegant, eye-catching, and appalling to our readers.
In this FY in review, the Center has published 3 BIOTROP
Courier Vol. 23 No.2 (Apr - Jun 2021), Vol. 23 No. 3
(Jul – Sep 2021), and Vol. 23 No. 4 (Oct – Dec 2021).
The Center also publishes its new rebranded version of
BioCourier Vol. 24 No. 1 (Jan – Mar 2022).
Since 2017, the Center has published 20 editions of
BIOTROP Courier newsletter, covering the Center’s
programs, activities, achievements, as well as popular
articles from its scientists and researchers.
Other promotional materials, such as brochures,
flyers, brief profiles, calendars, and merchandise were
produced to help improve the Center’s visibility and
the Center’s excellence programs and activities. These
promotional materials are distributed to visitors of
SEAMEO BIOTROP through its scientific visit programs,
exhibitions, workshops, seminars, and other learning
events.
Figure 30. Cover of BioTROP Courier and BioCourier
Published in FY 21/22

Social Media and Website Maintenance

The Center acknowledges the role of its social media for informing, educating, raising awareness of science-related
topics (science communication), connecting with its beneficiaries, as well as encouraging interactions, and promoting
the Center’s branding.
In June 2022, the Center’s Facebook page (@biotrop) has 3,848 likes, Instagram (@seameobiotrop) with 8.2K followers,
and Youtube channel (@seameobiotropchannel) with 5.87K subscribers. The Center also expands its social media
networks to Linkedin and Research Gate to accommodate the digital scientific visibility of the Center’s research results
and scientists.
SEAMEO BIOTROP has established its content pillar on social media updates, including Information (General
information on SEAMEO BIOTROP’s activities, programs, and events); Education (General information on Biodiversity
and Tropical Biology, infographics); Entertainment (quizzes, fun games, trivia), and Content Reels (Educational video,
short reports, and highlights of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s activities).
In this FY in review, SEAMEO BIOTROP has published 205 social media content, consisting of 123 informational
content, 22 educational content, 21 entertainment content, and 44 reels.
The Center’s website (https://www.biotrop.org) is an important medium for articles and announcements on the
Center’s research and capacity-building activities, services, and other development initiatives. During the fiscal year in
review, 150 articles were uploaded to SEAMEO BIOTROP’s website consisting of 70 articles on the Center’s activities,
2 highlights of research results, 12 articles on events of SEAMEO Secretariat and other SEAMEO Centers and partner
institutions, and 66 photo gallery updates. On the other hand, 18 information updates were also uploaded to the
new Center’s publication section including BIOTROPIA journal, proceedings, monographs, research reports, training/
seminar reports, newsletters, and annual reports.
In this fiscal year, SEAMEO BIOTROP website was visited by 22,272 visitors from 144 countries. Through its social
media, the Center has been able to gain 174,042 post-reach through its Facebook page; 26,113 post-reach through its
Instagram, and 57,700 views on its Youtube videos.
Promotions and Media Coverage
Advertising the Center’s events and activities
in the local media, distributing promotional
brochures and flyers to prospective
clients, wider circulation of the Center’s
publications, hosting regional and national
seminars, as well as display banners and
posters at regional events outside SEAMEO
BIOTROP and official visits by officers and
scientists had helped to widely promote the
Center’s programs and facilities.
During the pandemic, gatherings of
large crowds are forbidden, resulting in
cancellations and delays of all offline
exhibitions. To address this, in FY
2021/2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP developed
a virtual tour video as well as a virtual
exhibition application, which can still be
accessed at http://biotrop.org/virtualexpo. Figure 31. Visit by Coordinating Mi Minister of Economy Affairs,
The Center has also participated in several Dr Airlangga Hartarto to SEAMEO BIOTROP Booth
online exhibitions.
In the FY 2021/2022, as the pandemic has slowly subsided, the Center has taken part in several exhibition activities,
such as Panen Raya Nusantara, abbreviated as PARARA, an annual creative event that aims to share information on
the importance of various local products created by local communities. This event is among highlighted programs of
the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The Kick-Off Event of PARARA was held
on 22 June 2022 in Lapangan Banteng, Jakarta
In supporting the 2022 PARARA, SEAMEO BIOTROP carried agricultural commodities produced by tissue culture
techniques. When visiting the booth of SEAMEO BIOTROP, the Coordinating Minister of Economy Affairs, Dr Airlangga
Hartarto suggested collaborations between the Coordinating Ministry and SEAMEO BIOTROP to develop agribusiness
commodities having export values. The Minister was very impressed with the achievement of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s
Tissue Culture Laboratory for producing seedlings of food commodities using the tissue culture technique.
In December 2021, SEAMEO BIOTROP also received an invitation to participate in the Seaweed Fest 2021 organized by the
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. In this exhibition, SEAMEO BIOTROP displayed the existing achievements in its
seaweed tissue culture technology, and way
forward programs in increasing seaweed
productivity in Indonesia.   We are honored
to welcome the Minister of Marine Affairs
and Fisheries (KKP). In this occasion, the
Ministry stated his directions to strengthen
collaboration with SEAMEO BIOTROP. In
response to the Minister’s direction, the
Director of Production of the Directorate
General of Aquaculture, Mr. Arif Wibowo,
shared that the collaboration between KKP
and SEAMEO BIOTROP has been going on
since 2014 with the collaboration scopes
as follows: 1. Technology transfer on tissue
culture; 2. Micropropagule procurement;
3. Distribution of seaweed seedlings
propagated by using tissue culture
techniques; 4. Technology assistance. 
Figure 32. Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia
Visiting SEAMEO BIOTROP Booth

Media Coverage
In the FY in review, the Center has increased its visibility through collaboration with online and offline media, such as
Radio Republik Indonesia Bogor (RRI Bogor), which facilitated a series of taped dialogue sessions, such as the “Role of
SEAMEO BIOTROP in Biodiversity Conservation” that was taped during the Center’s International Workshop on Climate
Change event.
Through several press conferences during
its notable events, the Center has also
kept up its online presence. In the FY
2021/2022, there were 58 articles on the
Center’s activities published in various
online reputable national media, as well
as 10 articles that were published on the
official website of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Research, and Technology of the
Republic of Indonesia. The news topics
were aired on the Center’s anniversary,
the launching of SEAMEO BIOTROP
highlighted programs, and International
Workshop on Climate Change.
Figure 33. RRI Bogor Talks with Prof Arif Satria and BIOTROP
Board of Directors

Batik Design Competition

Batik is an Indonesian culture that has been recognized by UNESCO as the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible
Heritage of Humanity on 2 October 2009.  Besides being an artwork, a carefully crafted batik design can be used to
convey specific promotional messages.
In achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SEAMEO BIOTROP launched the theme “Biodiversity
Literacy: Save Biodiversity”.  Batik is one of the media that can be used to promote the SEAMEO BIOTROP tagline “Save
Biodiversity from Mountains to Oceans”.
The 2022 SEAMEO BIOTROP Batik Design Competition was held to obtain batik designs that can depict the tagline. 
The contestants submitted their batik designs from 21 April up to 23 May 2022.  Criteria of the accepted batik designs
were: 1) Supporting the tagline “Save Biodiversity from Mountains to Oceans”; 2) Containing one or more typical colors
of SEAMEO BIOTROP, i.e., green, orange, and/or yellow; 3) Attaching the philosophy and ideas outlined as the batik
design; 4) Designing the batik in an A4-sized page having high resolution; and 5) Posting the batik design in SEAMEO
BIOTROP’s social media.
On the closing day of the design submission, the organizing committee received 67 batik designs from the contestants.
The first stage of batik design selection was carried out on 31 May 2022 to obtain the 10 best batik designs.
The final judging stage was held on 15 June 2022.  The jury team consisted of Mr. Anang Ristanto, SE, MA, the
Acting Head of the Bureau of Cooperation and Public Relations, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and
Technology of the Republic of Indonesia; Dr Zulhamsyah Imran, Director of SEAMEO BIOTROP; Ms. Darmawati SS,
the Coordinator of Cooperation, Public Relations and Archives Services, the Secretariat of the Directorate General of
Culture, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia; Mr. Ikrom Mustofa,
the Director of CV Piarea, and Mr. Kardono, SHut, MT, MMG, from the Directorate of Climate Change Adaptation, the
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia.
The decisions of the final judging stage determined that the winners of the 2022 SEAMEO BIOTROP Batik Design were:
1. Christina Atika Yulina from Universitas Sanata Dharma as the winner;
2. Refanda Wahyu Hadiantoro and Hendri Setiawan from Universitas Sebelas Maret as the second winner;
3. Amaliya Lailatur Rizkiya from Universitas Negeri Surabaya as the third winner;
4. Umi Laila Fitri from State Junior High School 14 Malang as the first runner up;
5. Octo Reinaldy from SEAMEO Qitep in Science as the second runner up;
Accredited Laboratory Testing Services (SLID)
Mitigation and monitoring of environmental quality are important. Efforts to maintain environmental quality in the
ASEAN Region are still at a minimum level. The government of each ASEAN country has been doing several efforts
to issue regulations by adopting several regulations and protocols at the international level, to tackle environmental
issues. Each country implements regulations regarding environmental monitoring toward each activity that causes
environmental destruction. The implementation of those regulations shall involve independent institutions which are
competent and accredited by accreditation institutions in regard to environmental quality analysis.
Through its Services Laboratory and Innovation Department (SLID), SEAMEO BIOTROP implements the laboratory
quality management system which obtains accreditation from the National Accreditation Agency of Indonesia. In the
fiscal year 2021/2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP Services Laboratory and Innovation Department renews its ISO 17025:2017
accreditation from the National Accreditation Committee for the fifth cycle, in addition to getting a registration from
the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. Both formal recognitions are valid until 2025.
This is one of the reasons for recognition and reference in environmental quality monitoring to support environmental
and biodiversity management, especially soil fertility, air quality standards, and water quality standards. The
recognition extends to the dissemination of environmental laboratory management learning through laboratory quality
management systems and environmental monitoring for students and other stakeholders.
As an environmental laboratory, the Services Laboratory and Innovation Department (SLID) applies a quite strict rule in
managing environmental tests. Maintenance and capacity building of human resources, equipment, and facilities are
being prioritized in accordance with the regulations issued by the Government of Indonesia.
SEAMEO BIOTROP Services Laboratory and Innovation Department (SLID) is facilitated by testing equipment (Table 3)
which is periodically maintained and calibrated by internal personnel and external institutions.
Table 4. Testing equipment list of SLID
No. Item Year of Acquisition Usage
1 ICP_MS 2014 Metal measurement
2 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 2004 Metal measurement
3 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer 2016 Metal measurement and organic compound
4 HPLC 2012 Metal measurement and organic compound
5 HVHS 2010 Ambient Air Measurement
6 Autoanalyzer 2016 Emission Measuremen

To support the efforts for sustainably managing the environment, SEAMEO BIOTROP Services Laboratory and Innovation
Department (SLID) contributes an active role in monitoring ambient air quality for the safety of human beings. SLID
monitors the quality of emissions resulting from the combustion of industrial fuels for industrial processes. The effort
is carried out to support the government’s program in reducing exhaust emissions as a contribution for maintaining
the increase in the Earth’s temperature. Monitoring of water quality standards, soil nutrient levels, as well as soil quality
and fertility are also conducted. SLID also measures carbon stocks in the soil due to deforestation, land fires, and
ex-mining land. Decomposing organic waste, which is also carried out by SLID as its contribution to controlled waste
management, produces compost that is used internally for plant maintenance.
Internship programs and knowledge dissemination are also the highlighted program of the Department. In the FY
2021/2022, SLID carries out internships in identifying carbon stock, water quality monitoring, ambient air quality
monitoring, and industrial emission in mangrove areas. Sustainable use of aquatic and marine natural resources is
also of SLID’s concerns which are implemented by conducting organic carbon testing in mangrove areas. This activity
includes monitoring seawater quality and seagrass nutrition monitoring to support research carried out by university
students.
Key Results Area: Expanding SEAMEO membership and partners, optimizing linkages from
the regional and global coalition and alliances
Linkages and Partnerships
The Center established cooperation with potential partners in national, regional and international levels. From July
2021 to June 2022 there are about 12 Memorandum of Understanding (MOUs) and 13 Memorandum of Agreement
(MOAs)/Contracts signed with budget support from GOI amounted to IDR 47,832,000.
Most of the on-going MoUs and MoAs are the cooperation with national, regional and international entities, consisting
of 21 MoUs with schools, 7 MoUs and 3 MoAs with national universities, 3 MoUs and 2 MoAs with regional and
international universities, 13 MoUs and 12 MoAs with companies, 9 MoUs with government institution, 9 MoUs and 1
MoA with Indonesian organization.
In June 2022, referring to the letter of the Secretary General of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and
Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (MoECRT-RI) through the Bureau of Cooperation and Public Relations,
MoECRT-RI no. 35027/A6/SF.04.03/2022 on 2 June 2022 that the Center’s cooperation proposals with partners are
postponed until the amendment to Permendikbudristek Number 28 of 2018 is issued. The implication this direction is
the delays of several processes of cooperation, especially with private partners.
Without disregarding the direction from the MoECRT, SEAMEO BIOTROP still signs collaborations with various
stakeholders, which have no financial implications, especially to support the enhancement of educational purposes
for the surrounding communities.
Currently, SEAMEO BIOTROP is developing the procedure for cooperation and partnership.
The cooperation and partnership are aimed to support the flagship programs of SEAMEO BIOTROP, to strengthen
the cooperation and partnership up to the regional and international levels, and to elevate the welfare of the Center’s
employees in regards to incentives and privileges.

Highlighted Collaboration: Mindanao State University (MSU) Philippines

Figure 34. Orientation Webinar between SEAMEO BIOTROP and Mindanao State University (MSU)

In order to increase visibility and strengthen cooperation at the national, regional and international levels, SEAMEO
BIOTROP held an Orientation Webinar between SEAMEO BIOTROP and Mindanao State University (MSU) with the
theme “Strengthening Collaborative Ties between SEAMEO BIOTROP and MSU and Increasing Regional Visibility: What
SEAMEO BIOTROP and MSU Can Both Do Together” on 19 October 2021 via online platform. This webinar aimed
to increase cooperation between SEAMEO BIOTROP and MSU by increasing visibility through training, publications,
research and development of tissue culture technology.
This webinar activity was officially opened by Dr Zulhamsyah Imran, Director of SEAMEO BIOTROP. In his speech
Dr Zulhamsyah Imran stated that he expected to increase the visibility of SEAMEO BIOTROP by opening up all
opportunities that could occur in this digitalization era. Dr Zulhamsyah further explained that in this digitalization era,
we cannot be separated from three major disruptions, namely digital disruption, the COVID-19 pandemic, and climate
change. We need adjustments to adapt to these three disruptions. “Because of these challenges, SEAMEO BIOTROP
has reformulated its new vision to become a reputable center for saving biodiversity from mountains to ocean by
2050.” he stated. “Now we have changed our vision, missions, strategies, program thrusts, and flagship programs to
deal with dynamic changes, threats, and opportunities in the national, regional and international levels,” he added.
This webinar activity was divided into 2 sessions. The first session was the main room session presenting resource
persons from SEMAEO BIOTROP. The resource persons and topics presented in this session were: 1. Ms. Sri Widayanti,
MSi (Research); 2. Ms. Dewi Suryani, MM (Training and Other Learning Activities); 3. Dr Erina Sulistiani (Manufacturing
Products); 4. Ms. Rima Febriana, SE (Publication and Dissemination Information).
The second session was divided into three breakout rooms. The resource persons in breakout room 1 were: 1. Dr Erina
Sulistiani (Tissue Culture on Agriculture Plant, Ornamental Plant and Seaweed); 2. Dr Ulfah J Siregar (Biotechnology
for Tropical Agriculture and Forest Products); 3. Ms. Risa Rosita, MSi (Restoration of Ex-Coal Mining Land using
Phytoremediation). In breakout room 2, there were 4 speakers: 1. Dr Soekisman Tjitrosemito, MSc (The New Concept
of Weed and Their Management); 2. Ms. Indah Wahyuni, MSi (Herbarium SEAMEO BIOTROP); 3. Ir Ina Retnowati
(Spoilage Fungi and Mycotoxin in Foodstuff); 4. Dr Idham Sakti Harahap (Stored Product Pest Management). In
breakout room 3, there were also 4 speakers: 1. Dr Supriyanto (Indonesian Essential Oils); 2. Mr. Harry Imantho, MSc
(Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System to Support Precision Agriculture Practices); 3. Dr Ayi Rahmat
(Production, Development of Organic Liquid Fertilizer, Hybrid Solar System and IOT for Hydroponic System); 4. Ms.
Shella Marlinda, MSi (Developing Cultivation of Crayfish, Ornamental Fish, Aquaponic, and Fish Feed Production).
This webinar was attended by 102 participants consisting of researchers, lecturers, and associate professors from
MSU, SEAMEO BIOTROP, and IPB University.
 STRATEGIC THEME 4:
Digital Transformation
and Rapid Changes Adoption
Key Results Area: Removing barriers to digitalization and education innovation and support
the 21st century skills development for teachers, education personnel, and learners
In 2022, three out of four people aged 16-74 access the Internet daily. Regardless of the purpose, a job or social
interaction online activities are sure to translate to offline outcomes. However, education is already falling behind the
digitalization curve. Academics must do more to take advantage of the benefits offered by the tools and technologies
while addressing concerns surrounding potential misuse, such as cyberbullying and privacy invasion. In 2018, the
number of stolen or hacked data records reached a record high, increasing the need for more cyber security experts.
Companies today tend to show greater interest in involving educational institutions in Industry 4.0 technological
development. Their collaborations primarily focus on developing digital-physical solutions, promoting technology and
product innovations, and encouraging the youth to produce out-of-the-box products.
Yet, education still struggles to encourage students to take up STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics) courses. The Covid-19 pandemic pushed and accelerated the education sector to digitize, automate,
and become more flexible in any circumstances. The needs for digital literacy arise as the pandemic hits globally. As
the conventional methods of learning such as attending classes, offline discussions, and other get-together activities
are discouraged, the Center produces several alternatives.
Digital media is one of the solutions to facilitate the need for new sources of information, learning media, and
communication methods. During the pandemic, SEAMEO BIOTROP optimizes and accelerates its digitalization
methods of information dissemination programs, such as the Center’s website and social media networks. Several new
information systems are developed by the Center as the Center’s digitized literature database and to accommodate the
needs for publication dissemination.
As the technology evolved and become the new normal, there are increased demands on rich media content, such
as images,videos, and other multimedia formats that provide deeper engagements with those prospects. The Center
realizes its importance to cater the needs of the demands, as the attention span of the millenial generation keeps on
getting lower due to the variation and easier access to digital contents.

Solutions
To cater the needs for digital learning innovation in FY 2021/2022, the Center has developed an expert system on Pests
and Diseases detection, prevention, and control in a lemon orchard available in SEAMEO BIOTROP. The application is
expected to help the students’ learning system.
Multimedia content development to raise the awareness of millennial and gen Z generations to save biodiversity such
as educational and technical guidance videos, digital e-book format for SEAMEO BIOTROP publications, infographics,
and BIOSync podcast series on the Center’s expertise and prominent programs.

Highlights: Expert System on Pests and Diseases Developments

Digital learning innovation is a form of digital
transformation in education and learning system that
runs faster due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Digital learning innovation improves the skills of teachers
and students and strengthens their involvement in
creating an effective, creative, innovative and inclusive
educational process. Digital learning innovation supports
the spirit of quality and equity in education, every student
has the same chance in receiving a quality learning and
education. The study has been successfully developed
an expert system for identifying pest and disease in
lemon orchard to support the achievement of those
goals. This expert system can be an effective learning
media for practices in identifying plant pest and disease
in lemon orchard. The expert system also demonstrates
the application of a problem-based learning approach
in a concrete form and uses friendly media. The expert
system is available to students and teachers; indeed, this
supports the concept of borderless school and in line
with the “Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka” program
launched by the Minister of Education and Culture of the
Republic Indonesia.
Figure 35. Screenshopt of Expert System on Pests and DIsease
Multimedia development
SEAMEO BIOTROP believes that audiovisual materials can be an effective medium to reduce the barriers to learning
materials through digitalization for information dissemination and knowledge transfers.

Figure 36. Screenshot of Practicum Video

To address the issue of difficulties in conducting practical sessions during online training, the Center has developed 4
series of practicum videos with clear guidelines and step-by-step instructions to help the learners follow the practicum
session in their own environment. The series developed includes fungi identification, aquaponics, hydroponics, and
herbarium. To support the online training conducted by the Center, videos of the live online sessions were recorded
and uploaded to the Center’s Youtube channel to accommodate the participants who missed the live session. The
recordings also serve as documentation for the online training sessions, to be used as future references.

Figure 37. SEAMEO BIOTROP Video Profile for 2021

The Center has also developed a new profile video to showcase the Center’s vision, mission, and program highlights
to update its previous profile video.

Figure 38. BIOSync, Biodiversity podcast

BioSync is the Center series of podcast videos, aimed to get an insights and perspective on the broad theme of
Biodiversity. The development of the main theme was made to meet the trend of issues and reach the targeted
audience. For the fiscal year under review, the Center has produced 13 episodes of BIOSync.

Figure 39. Biodiversity Talks and Short Educational video

The Center also developed several short education video series to increase its visibility, such as seaweed tissue culture
technology as well as leaf ornamental plants tissue culture. As well as 7 series of biodiversity talks, an interview and
coverage on the broad theme of biodiversity conservation, such as interview with the Dean of Faculty of Fisheries and
Marine Sciences, IPB University, and the representatives from Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango.

Key Results Area: Supporting responsive reform to effectively transform and respond to the
changing global context in the region, including quality management
Good Corporate Governance (SOTK) is an important aspect of maintaining the confidence and trust of our investors and
stakeholders. The practice of SOTK needs to be managed effectively and efficiently. The SOTK needs to be socialized
to the emloyees of SEAMEO BIOTROP as an on-going process, so that the SOTK grows as the Center’s culture.
SOTK is fundamental to sustainability of an organization. SOTK ensures trust values for all stakeholders in longer term.
SEAMEO BIOTROP adopts SOTK to protect all rights and obligations of the stakeholders are carried out in accordance
with the provisions of Indonesia legislations, business ethics, and the best practices. SOTK is also essential to nurture
a sound and quality business development and trust that will support the achievements of the Center’s vison and
missions and to ensure good monitoring and controlling for efficient operational activities and business supervision.
In 2022, we start the year with the new SOTK. Human Resources and Administration Department (HRAD) has primary
responsibility for managing, assisting and dealing with all employees in matters of policy administration, recruitment
process, benefits administration, employment and labor laws, training and development, personnel records retention,
employees’ assistance program and general administration (correspondence).
Human Resources and Administration Department (HRAD) is a very important factor to support the achievement of
the vision and missions of an organization. The HR management and development system implemented at SEAMEO
BIOTROP covers the selection stage in the recruitment process for employees who have competencies and skills in
accordance with the needs of the Center. Therefore, SEAMEO BIOTROP manages and develops Human Resources in a
professional and planned manner.
SEAMEO BIOTROP realizes that HR is one of the biggest and most important assets for SEAMEO BIOTROP’s
business sustainability. Therefore, the Center continually strives to develop various training programs to improve
the competencies up to the excellent level. The Center continues to facilitate employees with various training and
development programs on an on-going basis to improve skills related to their works and disciplines. SEAMEO BIOTROP
also provides training and education programs to improve employees’ skills and knowledge in various fields of work
and position levels. Throughout 2022, the Center spends IDR 40 million for training and competency development for
all employees. Trainings in 2022 includes many aspects, such as managerial and leadership skills based on needs,
technical and non-technical capabilities to support work, and other programs according to their respective needs and
fields.

Implementation Of Good Corporate Governance (SOTK)

SEAMEO BIOTROP strives to realize the stakeholders and values through the implementation of a good corporate
governance (SOTK). With the implementation of SOTK, an organization acquires balance both internally and externally,
while also maintaining transparent business ethics in accordance with applicable regulations. Implementation of the
New SOTK can help SEAMEO BIOTROP to enhance the management of its business operations, while maintaining the
Center’s reputation that complies with the applicable laws and regulations. The implementations of SOTK refers to the
following five principles:
Transparency, the principle of transparency prioritizes the decisions making process and discloses material and
relevant information regarding the company’s business activities.
Accountability, the principle of accountability provides clarity on the functions and responsibilities of each department
in the institution as well as the effective implementation of functions and responsibilities.
Responsibility, SEAMEO BIOTROP continuously upholds the principle of responsibility in making business activities in
accordance with the applicable laws and regulations in Indonesia, sound corporate principle and the implementation
of corporate social responsibility commitment.
Fairness, the principle of fairness and equality in fulfilling the stakeholder in accordance with the applicable laws and
regulations.
Independency, the principle of independency puts forward justice in managing the company professionally without
dominations, conflict of interest, or intimidation from various parties that is contrary to the law and sound corporate
principles.
SEAMEO BIOTROP is committed to providing added value to stakeholders through the implementation of comprehensive
SOTK principles and to achieving the Center’s vision and missions.
The current organizational structure of SEAMEO BIOTROP is a structure that has been approved by the 59th GBM in
2021. This structure is considered to meet the needs of the current organization, taking into account the organizational
mandates as well as existing internal and external issues. In addition, it has also considered the scope of implementation
of (Quality Management System) QMS certification based on ISO 9001. The most influential external issue at this
time is the reduction in the budget from the Government of Indonesia for programs, including research, training,
and dissemination of research results. The new SOTK SEAMEO BIOTROP is in line with SEAMEO BIOTROP’s spirit of
supporting the advancement of education, namely Science to Education as stated in the SEAMEO 7 priorities.

Figure 40. New Organizational Structure of SEAMEO BIOTROP

The implication for the organizational changes includes the changes in SEAMEO BIOTROP human resources, finance
management, facilities and assets, and program operational. Those key factors need to be managed and transformed
to support the organizational task and visibility.

Figure 41. Implications of the New SOTK

Human Resources
In 2022, SEAMEO BIOTROP has 188 employees, including civil servants, contractual workers, outsourced workers, and
affiliate scientists. Below are the details of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s employee’s composition and classification as of June
2022 by employee status, educational levels, and age range.

Figure 42. Composition by Employment Status

Figure 43. Composition of SEAMEO BIOTROP’s Staff by Education, and Age

In the early 2022, three (3) recruitments were carried out or were in progress. The recruitments included 2 supervisors
and Head of Section positions and 1 staff position. In addition, SEAMEO BIOTROP conducts recruitment strategy
through BIOTROP Affiliate & Associate (BAA) to support the Program Thrusts which are: 1) Restoration and
conservation of unique and degraded ecosystems; 2) Sustainable management and wise utilization of biodiversity,
bio-energy, biotechnology, and food security; 3) Strengthening ecosystem resilience to global climate change.
Competency-based HR development is carried out to provide results in accordance with organizational goals and
objectives with established performance standards. Therefore, individual performance in the organization is a way to
increase the productivity of the organization itself.
SEAMEO BIOTROP is committed to developing the capabilities of its human resources in their respective areas and
general organizational competencies to achieve the Center’s vision, missions, and goals.

Facilities and Finance Management

Since 2021, the Government of Indonesia (GoI) launched an integrated online based application to support the
management of funds and assets of the GoI, namely SAKTI. The development of the application impacted the
implementation of the budget planning, fund, and assets management to be more detailed and well-planned. The
application implementation shall be followed by the development of human resources capacity as the users. The
development of the applications, also required sufficient database system as well as the hardwares.
In 2022, the GoI changed the limit of GoI fund request and payment for operating activities. It affected cash on hand
availability and the Center’s programs implementation. In the middle of the uncertain economic situation, GoI also
increased the value added tax rate from 10% to 11% and entity income tax from 2% to 4% on April and May 2022,
respectively. The changes affected the activities of budget plan significantly. The increase of gasoline price also
impacted the Center’s operating expenses since the Center has four official vehicles. All regulations regarding changes
and development by the GoI were conducted to enable the GoI in monitoring and assuring that the funds were utilized
and managed in appropriate manners and in accordance to the rules.
To support national products industries, the GoI required the Center to assure the use of national products and meet
the required limit of the imported products of the Center’s assets and activities. Other regulation change by the GoI
was the bank transfer regulation in particular to the high-risk countries as defined by GoI.
The new normal era caused by Covid-19 pandemic changes the institution management. The implementation of
“Work from Home” has become “Work from Anywhere”. This situation brings forth the long-distance coordination
implementation in the Center’s daily activities to assure that there is no delayed service that will be a constraint to
achieve the targets.
Since the beginning of 2022, the GoI has started to disseminate the issue on institutional changes, from the GoI fund
reduction for programs and issue of human resources status. This is followed by series of meetings organized by
the Secretary General of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) of the Republic of
Indonesia to discuss about those above-mentioned issues.

Solutions
In respond to the good governance improvement of the GoI, the Center has taken the following actions:
1. Adjusted financial management flow
Fund management has high risks. Therefore, the Center sets up a layered validation, verification, and approval of
funds requirement and liquidation to assure the appropriate amount, completeness of supporting documents, and
avoid fraud and double counting. This practice is also implemented to make sure that the Center provides required
data to support financial audit. To assure that there is no-delayed service, the Finance Management Unit arranges
that one process shall be managed by more than one financial staff. In response to the implementation of SAKTI
online financial application and updated regulation on petty cash of GoI fund and liquidation deadline, Finance
and Facilities Management Department (FFMD) submits the cash advance liquidation to the online system, daily.

Figure 44. SAKTI application

2. Intensive coordination with related parties

The changes in regulation occurred in the middle of the fiscal year. Therefore, coordination and communication
to related parties shall be conducted intensively. The intensive coordination and communication are conducted
in response to the volatile situation and be adaptive to the changes. Related parties are including the SEAMEO
Centers in Indonesia, MoECRT, SEAMEO Secretariat, and the banks.
3. Centralized bank account
The Center manages four bank accounts in accordance with the objective of funds i.e. 1) GoI IDR fund; 2) SEDF
and Unallocated USD fund; 3) unallocated IDR fund; and 4) projects IDR fund. The centralized bank account
management under FFMD is implemented to meet the government regulation. This is also conducted as one of
anticipative actions to the institution change issues.
4. Monthly financial and facilities management plan and report
To support sustainable improvements as indicated in the quality management system the FFMD provides monthly
report. The report consists of the information on GoI Fund and SEAMEO Fund Balance Sheet, Cash Flow and Plan
and the facilities maintenance and procurement activities. The information in the report may be used to support
decision making in the Center.
5. Facilities monitoring instruments improvement
In line with the implementation of the Quality Management System in accordance to ISO 9001:2015, the Center
improved the manual and printed instruments for implementation and monitoring into digitalized instruments that
can be accessed through the Center’s official website.
 Figure 45. Facilities requested forms

To make sure that the facilities are in good condition to support the implementation of programs and activities,
FFMD shall exercise an appropriate monitoring system by establishing daily monitoring sheets, equipment card
control, and involving users to inform the update and problems of facilities and equipment under their departments
and units. FFMD also selects the suppliers to provide maintenance and construction services and products,
carefully, to assure the quality of the result. The supplier evaluation instruments include the legal aspect, offering
rates, communication, experiences, and quality of products and services referring to the Center’s standard.
6. Information technology improvement
To support online activities and communication, the Center strengthens the internet connection facilities and
provides meeting link platforms for up to 500 users. The Center has also conducted internal training on network
mapping and maintenance in cooperation with the internet service provider.

Highlights:
The internal and external issues brought positive changes to the Center, as follows:
1. The Center implements a good governance on finance and facilities management.
2. Funds and facilities resources are utilized efficiently and effectively in supporting the programs and activities
implementation.
3. The Center has well-planned, measureable and impacted programs and activities
4. FFMD services are delivered on time and appropriately.
5. The reliable information supports the Board of Directors to take appropriate decisions.

Facility Improvements
For the fiscal year under review, the Finance and Facilities Management Department (FFMD) renovated an idle function
room to be a functional room with new features and a Podcast studio. The functional room with capacity up to 15
people is utilized for online and offline meetings, equipped with a smart TV and a set of sound system. The Podcast
studio is equipped with a set of camera and condenser microphones to support the production of promotional and
educational videos.

Figure 46. The new Studio and Classroom of SEAMEO BIOTROP

The Center has also renovated the Convention Hall, dormitories, laboratories, as well as the toilets as the supporting
facilities. To build a good image of the Center, FFMD renovated the main office building lobby and conducted
maintenance of direction signs, gardens, pedestrians, and surroundings.
As required by the GoI, the Center revised the names of 8 land certificates from the Indonesian Ministry of Education
and Culture into the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. The total of the land is 2,400 m2 and located within the
Center’s headquarter compound.

Future Plan for Facilities Improvement to support the Centre’s Program and Targets
Year 2022 marked the beginning of the implementation of SEAMEO BIOTROP 11th Five-Year Development Plan (FYDP).
In supporting the program and activities, the Centre also prepare plan for facilities improvements, as follow:
1. Prototype on Agro-Eco Edu Tourism Program
In line with six priority programs, the Centre will develop prototype on Agroecoedutourism program. The prototype
is the model of science study conducted in the Centre in FY 2021/2022 and consists of the following:
a. Stingless Bee Garden, learning area for stingless beekeeping.
b. Aquatic Garden, area for aquaculture and learning aquaponics system.
c. Sensory Garden and Smart Agriculture, area for Biodiversity education and learning ecosystem model.
d. BIOTROP Science Technology Expo, education indoor area to learn of BIOTROP’s science and technology
2. Non Tax Revenue
On June 2022, the Centre started to open the Convention Hall, dormitories, and meeting rooms, for rent to the
public. The revenue from facilities rent were deposited to the GoI as Non Tax Revenue.
3. Idle Facilities
The Centre identified idle facilities to be renovated to support the priority and non-tax revenue target as well as the
Agroecoedutourism programs. The facilities are as follows:
a. Ex-BIOTROP Science Park building to be function and office room as non-tax revenue objects;
b. Ex-BIOTROP Resource Management Centre building to be dormitory for students;
c. Ex-Enterprise Development Centre building to be office room as non-tax revenue objects; and
d. Arboretum to be one of Agroecoedutourism models of forest biodiversity.

Financial Viability
For year 2022, the Centre received a total of USD 1,066,234 from the Government of Indonesia to support program
activities (researches, trainings, partnership, information dissemination) and operational activities (salary payments
and asset and facilities maintenance). The GoI fiscal year is 1 January to 31 December. the GoI reduced the budget for
program up to 75% from USD 419,787 in FY 2021 to USD 114,131 in 2022 (1 USD approximately IDR 14,600).
The Centre also receives fund from SEAMEO as SEDF (SEAMEO Educational Development Fund) of amount USD
71,000,- for FY 2021/2022 to support regional researches, trainings, international conferences, Governing Board
Meetings and personnel exchange programs. The SEAMEO fiscal year is 1 July to 30 June.
In accordance to SEAMEO, the Centre shall propose a three-year budget to be submitted to the Board. As presented
in the Centre’s three-year budget for FY 2023/2024, 2024/2025, 2025/2026 the total funds from GoI and SEAMEO is
presented below:
No. Expenses FY 2020/2021 (USD) FY 2021/2022 (USD)
1. Capital 16,112 115,658
2. Operating 1,283,097 1,280,745
3. SEDF 71,000 71,000
The funds received and actual utilization by the Centre for the last 5 years from GoI and SEDF are presented below:
Fund Received
Fiscal Year SEDF (USD) GoI Fund (USD) SEDF Fund and GoI Fund
2018 70,980.00 1,562,036.37 1.800.000,00
1.600.000,00
2019 70,995.00 1,409,970.07 1.400.000,00
2020 70,995.00 1,355,722.53 1.200.000,00
1.000.000,00
2021 70,982.50 1,453,034.93 800.000,00
(Agt) 2022 70,995.00 1,066,221.01 600.000,00
400.000,00
200.000,00
-
2018 2019 2020 2021 (Agt) 2022

SEDF (USD) GoI Fund (USD)

GoI Fund Utilization

Fiscal Year GoI Fund Utilization GoI Fund Utilization USD
USD % 1.800.000,00

2018 1,542,688.25 98,76 1.600.000,00

1.400.000,00
2019 1,354,644.89 96,08
1.200.000,00
2020 1,253,242.30 92,44 1.000.000,00
2021 1,450,128.86 99,80 800.000,00

(Agt) 2022 610,682.83 57,28 600.000,00

400.000,00
200.000,00
0,00
2018 2019 2020 2021 (Agt) 2022

Although the fund from GoI decreased, the targeted outputs and beneficiaries of the Centre remains the same.
Therefore, the Centre shall take strategies to coop with the situation as follows:
1. Integrated the program to achieve one excellence output;
2. Established collaboration with partner institutions to share resources;
3. Conducted self-management for research activities instead of provided research grants for external experts;
4. Conducted meetings and trainings and other learning activities by online or hybrid mechanism;
5. Publish digital versions of knowledge and information materials; and
6. Utilized social medial for knowledge and information dissemination.

As mandated by the GoI, the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan or “BPK”) conducted
financial audit of the GoI fund for FY 1 January to 31 December 2021. On the other hand, as stated in the Center’s
Enabling Instrument Section XI Management of Funds No. 4, that the account of the Center shall be audited by a firm
of auditors to be appointed according to regulations of the Government of Indonesia and recognized by the Board.
The financial audit covers the fund from GoI and SEAMEO. Therefore, the Audited Financial Report of the Center for FY
2020/2021 covering the period from 18 July to 24 August 2022 was undertaken by TJAHJO MACHDJUD MODOPURO &
Partners an external CPA, License of Public Accountant No.: KEP-1021/KMK.17/1998; 658/KM.1/2018; 79/KM.1/2019;
509/km.1/2019. The CPA was appointed following the procurement procedures of the Government of Indonesia (GoI),
contract no. 132.1/PSRP/SC/SPK-LKEU/VII/2022 dated 18 July 2022, in compliance with the required CPA standards.