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    Youth-Sensitive Value Chain Analysis and Development: Guidelines for Practitioners
    Youth-Sensitive Value Chain Analysis and Development: Guidelines for Practitioners
    Youth-Sensitive Value Chain Analysis and Development: Guidelines for Practitioners
    Ebook225 pages1 hour

    Youth-Sensitive Value Chain Analysis and Development: Guidelines for Practitioners

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    About this ebook

    This publication is intended to assist field practitioners, youth organizations and other stakeholders to identify binding constraints and viable opportunities to youth engagement in value chains that can translate into greater youth inclusion. Considering youth heterogeneity and inequalities, the youth sensitive framework for value chain analysis gives guidance to assess factors that push and pull youth into employment and entrepreneurship in value chains. The youth-sensitive value chain (YSVC) analysis is a starting point for youth-inclusive agricultural value chain development, since it identifies entry points and key actions expected to bring about the desired increase in employment and business opportunities for youth within a more attractive agriculture sector.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateMar 20, 2022
    ISBN9789251359020
    Youth-Sensitive Value Chain Analysis and Development: Guidelines for Practitioners
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      Youth-Sensitive Value Chain Analysis and Development - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      Required citation:

      Cruickshank, D., Grandelis, I., Barwitzki, S. & Bammann, H., eds. 2022. Youth-sensitive value chain analysis and development – Guidelines for practitioners. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb8489en.

      The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or AfDB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

      The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.

      ISBN 978-92-5-135715-6

      E-ISBN 978-92-5-135902-0 (EPUB)

      © FAO, 2022

      Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).

      Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons license. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English language edition shall be the authoritative edition.

      Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) as at present in force.

      Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user.

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      Cover photos (from top)

      A member of FAO trained group of youth Mkulima Youth Group inspects the watering system at a farm in Kiambu, Kenya.

      © FAO / Luis Tato

      Local Employers working at Domaine Elboura citrus packing house, Taroudant, Morocco.

      © FAO/Alessandra Benedetti

      Staff members pack up the product at the Africa Improved Foods factory, Kigali, Rwanda.

      © FAO / Laura Mulkerne

      A Pakistani boy displays a book featuring pictures of the children with caption Protect the Children from the Agricultural poisons, Vehari, Pakistan.

      © FAO / Aamir Qureshi

      Two members of FAO trained group prepare some feed for the local kienyeji chicken in a farm in Kiambu, Kenya.

      © FAO / Luis Tato

      Contents

      Foreword

      Acknowledgements

      Abbreviations and acronyms

      1. INTRODUCTION

      1.1 Background

      1.2 Objectives and scope of the youth-sensitive value chain (YSVC) guide

      1.3 Implementation phases and team composition

      1.4 Value chain development and analytical framework

      1.5 Structure of the YSVC guide

      2. PROMOTING DECENT WORK FOR YOUTH AS A GLOBAL PRIORITY

      2.1 Youth

      2.2 Youth bulge contributes to increasing unemployment

      2.3 Create and promote more and better jobs for youth

      2.4 Status of youth at work and corresponding decent work issues

      3. SITUATION ANALYSIS FOR YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE

      4. SELECTING YOUTH-SENSITIVE VALUE CHAINS

      4.1 Preparation and conducting a value chain selection workshop

      4.2 Value chain selection and the youth dimension

      4.3 Youth-sensitive selection criteria and implementation

      4.4 Documentation and follow-up

      5. YOUTH-SENSITIVE VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

      5.1 Youth-sensitive value chain framework

      5.2 Value chain analysis using the YSVC framework

      6. VALUE CHAIN UPGRADING STRATEGY AND ACTION PLANNING

      6.1 Youth-centred value chain upgrading workshop – purpose and setting

      6.2 Developing upgrading strategies

      6.3 Documentation and follow-up

      BIBLIOGRAPHY

      ANNEXES

      APPENDIX A. Value chain selection sample workshop agenda

      APPENDIX B. Example for a scoring matrix template

      APPENDIX C. Sample youth-sensitive key informant interview questions

      APPENDIX D. Sample youth questionnaire

      APPENDIX E. Comparison of key informant interviews and focus group discussions

      APPENDIX F. Sample note-taking format for capturing and organizing push/pull factor information

      APPENDIX G. SWOT analysis of the chilli value chain in Rwanda

      APPENDIX H. Overview chart of potential discussion points of push/pull factors and agreed actions to support the identified opportunities

      APPENDIX I. Sample table of contents – upgrading strategy and action plan

      Figures

      1Scope of the youth-sensitive value chain (YSVC) guide

      2The sustainable food value chain (SFVC) framework

      3The three dimensions of sustainability in food value chain development

      4Work terminology adopted in the YSVC guide

      5Youth-sensitive value chain framework

      6Steps of the YSVC analysis

      7Poultry value chain map with youth overlay – Kakamega County Kenya 2021

      8Rwanda passion fruit VC map

      9Scope of the YSVC guide

      10 Push and pull factors and action areas for strategic planning

      11 Sequence to develop a value chain upgrading strategy

      Tables

      1Indicative timetable for the implementation of YSVC analysis and action plan development

      2Overview of youth employment in the agriculture sector

      3Aspects of end markets to assess

      4Export markets identified for Ugandan coffee

      5Guiding questions for youth-sensitive analysis of the core and extended VC

      6Sample format to list and assess all potential (existing and new) opportunities for youth employment and new businesses

      7Sample analysis points and guiding questions for analysing the enabling environment.

      8Guiding questions for analysis of the VC governance

      9SWOT information sources

      10 Tips for a running a successful virtual workshop

      11 Examples of short-, medium- and long-term strategies

      12 Action plan template

      Boxes

      1FAO ICA Programme

      2Migration as a choice

      3Decent work (defined by ILO) and decent rural employment (defined and applied by FAO)

      4Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8: decent work and economic growth

      5Participatory rural appraisal

      6Generic questions for two-pager briefs and in preparation of the selection exercise

      7Virtual workshops

      8Uncovering root causes

      9Examples of tech support services

      10 Examples of modifications to existing businesses along the VC to create green jobs

      11 COVID-19, resiliency and youth employment

      12 Generic focal areas for value chain upgrading

      13 Empowering youth

      Foreword

      The world’s youth population (15–24 years old) has reached the unprecedented figure of 1.2 billion, with 88 percent of them living in developing countries. This exceptionally high number of youth, constituting 47 percent of the working age population, represents an enormous potential for economic development. However, youth face multiple employment challenges, and are often overrepresented among the most vulnerable categories of workers, especially in rural areas and informal sectors.

      If the majority of youth are unable to secure gainful employment with adequate living income, youth unemployment and underemployment rates will continue to increase with the growing youth population. In addition to missing the opportunity to harness a demographic dividend, this may lead to high numbers of frustrated youth and potentially incite political and social instability. Additional stressors such as climate change and pandemics may further aggravate the situation. It is therefore imperative for countries to become resourceful in creating and promoting more and better jobs for youth.

      Investments in the development of sustainable agricultural value chains offer immense opportunities for youth in rural and urban areas. The engagement of young people in agricultural value chains and agrifood systems development is key to addressing the significant untapped potential of this sizeable and growing demographic. Young people are indeed best placed to rejuvenate the sector, acquire the knowledge and skills needed to innovate, uptake new technologies, foster the competitiveness of the agriculture sector and spearhead its digital transformation. With their ability to learn fast and their innovative spirit, youth can drive change and accelerate the transition to more sustainable production and consumption patterns that are needed to achieve the goals of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development and feed the world’s growing population. In their school-to-work transitions, youth are driven by economic opportunities and the value chain development approach can help to identify these opportunities and promote decent youth employment within the sector.

      Youth-sensitive value chain analysis and development provide tools and methods to identify, select and promote the most promising value chains and opportunities for youth inclusion, youth employment and entrepreneurship. With a focus on youth, their heterogeneity, inequalities and unique talents, the value chain approach can therefore assist with the dual objective of creating new jobs and improving the existing ones for youth.

      This Youth-sensitive value chain analysis and development guide provides the background information and guidance needed by practitioners for selecting an agricultural value chain with significant potential for youth employment and entrepreneurship and offers tools to conduct context-specific youth employment analyses. It explains how practitioners can identify and analyse constraints and opportunities for decent youth employment at each function of the core and extended value chains. Given that youth engagement in value chains is impacted heavily by social issues and value chain governance, a push/pull factor analysis is introduced as a tool to assess the factors that push and pull youth into employment and entrepreneurship in the value chains. Further guidance is also provided for the inclusion of economic, social and environmental sustainability considerations, as well as how to develop youth-inclusive strategies in value chain upgrading actions and supporting policies.

      The guide is based on in-country work of the Agrifood Economics Division (ESA) and the Inclusive Rural Transformation and Gender Equality Division (ESP) teams of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It is a joint production of the ESP Decent Rural Employment Team (DRET); the global FAO Integrated Country Approach

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