Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Division of Zamboanga City
TOLOSA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Sitio Pangulayan, Tolosa, Zamboanga City

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

Grade 11- Statistics and Probability

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of random variables and probability
distributions.

Performance Standard: The learner is able to apply an appropriate random variable for a given real-life problem (such
as in decision making and games of chance).

Content: Random Variables and Probability Distributions

Learning Competency
The learner:
 illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous) M11/12SP-IIIa-1
 distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous random variable M11/12SP-IIIa-2
 finds the possible values of a random variable. M11/12SP-IIIa-3
 illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its properties. M11/12SP-IIIa-4

II. Subject Matter:

A. Mathematical Concepts

A random variable is a function that associates a real number with each element in the sample space.
A random variable is called a discrete random variable if its set of possible outcomes is countable.
When a random variable can take on values on a continuous scale, it is called a continuous random variable.

The set of ordered pairs ( x , f ( x ) ) is a probability function, probability mass function, or probability distribution of the
discrete random variable X if, for each possible outcome x,
1. f ( x ) ≥ 0
2. ∑ f ( x )=1
x
3. P ( X=x )=f ( x )

B. Processes
Brainstorming, Collaborative learning, Problem Based learning, Group exploration, Output presentation and
discussion/lecture

C. Materials
Hand-outs, scientific calculator, laptop for PowerPoint presentation, LCD projector, regular teaching tools.

D. References
Williams, T. A., & Sweeney, D. J. (2019, January 16). Statistics. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/science/statistics/Random-variables-and-probability-
distributions
10159827460210322. (2018, September 10). Probability concepts explained: Probability
distributions (introduction part 3). Retrieved from https://towardsdatascience.com/
probability-concepts-explained-probability-distributions-
introduction-part-3-4a5db81858dc

E. Values Focus: Cooperation, Teamwork, Time-consciousness, and Honesty

III. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

3.1 Preparatory Activity

(As the teacher enters the classroom)

All students will stand.
I request everyone to please stand for our prayer. One representative from the assigned group will lead the
Anybody from the assigned group kindly lead the prayer prayer in front.

Good morning class!

Good morning Sir!
Before you may take you seats, kindly fix or arrange your
chairs properly. All students will execute the teacher’s instruction

The teacher checks the attendance.

3.2 Motivation (Brainstorming Activity)

Say:
Before we start our lesson for today I’d like you to listen
to this scenario and answer the following questions
afterwards. Do you know the game “Talang” right? Yes sir!
Some students may share their own experience in playing
Scenario: such games.
A group of youngsters who were in a gambling
session were later apprehended by the policemen because
aside from playing illegal games, they violated “social
distancing” guidelines. This group of youngsters were
using 2 coins for betting head or tail as these are the only
possible outcome.

Review from Mathematics 10 lesson

The tossing of the 2 coins is a statistical experiment
wherein the set of the possible outcomes is the sample
space. Each outcome (e.g. Head, Tail) is a sample point.

Note: Emphasize that playing these kinds of games are

prohibited inside the school and discourage them in
playing so.

Do:
Show the class 2 coins and ask the following questions:
1. What are the possible outcomes when I toss a coin
once?

2. What are the possible outcomes when I toss these two

coins?

3. If we let X represent the number of heads that come Heads (H) and Tails (T)/ Kara-Cruz
up. What are the possible values of X?

Say: HH, HT, TT, TH

X here is called a random variable and the numbers 2, 1,
and 0 are called the values of the random variable X.
Today we will discuss about Random Variables and the Possible Value of X
probability distribution. Outcomes
3.3 Presentation of the Lesson HH 2
HT 1
The teacher will communicate the learning objectives and TH 1
the topic to the students to be discussed. (Projected on the TT 0
screen)

3.4 ACTIVITY (Individual Activities)

Activity #1 Students read the learning objectives and the subject matter
Classify Me: Discrete or Continuous projected on the screen.

Concept Notes:
In Statistics there are actually 2 kinds of Random
Variable. The Discrete Random Variable and the
Continuous Random Variable. A random variable is
discrete if it has a finite or countable number of possible
outcomes that can be listed. A random variable is
continuous if it has an uncountable number of possible
outcomes, represented by an interval on the number line.

DO: Ask students to classify the following random

variables whether it is Discrete Random Variable or
Continuous Random Variable.

1. The number of enrollees of Senior High School

students in Tolosa National High School

2. The number of hospitals in Zamboanga City that are

allowed to handle COVID positive patient.

3. The number of Capslets needed to be reproduced for

the students of Zamboanga City.

4. The average height of Grade 11 male students of Ayala

Answers:
National High school.
1. Discrete
5. The average normal weight of the Grade 11 female
2. Discrete
students of Ayala National High School.
3. Discrete
4. Continuous
6. The range of the body temperature that is considered
5. Continuous
normal temperature.
6. Continuous
3.5.Analysis 1
1. During pandemic times, what particular scenario can
you think that would illustrate random variables?

Activity #2
Constructing a Discrete Probability Distribution.

Say:
In the preceding example earlier, tossing 2 coins
simultaneously have 4 possible outcomes. Let us
illustrate Random Variable denoted by X and list down
possible outcome of number of heads.
Ask Answers may vary.
This time, how about if we have 3 coins?
How many sample points can you enumerate?

Do: Ask the students to complete the table below:

Possible Value of the Random Variable

Outcomes X (no. of Tails)

Number of Tails (x)

Probability P(x)

Analysis 2
Let the students answer the following questions
1. What do you notice with the values of the
probabilities?

2. When you add all the probabilities, what do you notice

with the sum?
3.6 Abstraction

Say: Now let us sum up all the essential ideas you’ve

learned today by completing these statements:

1. A _______________ is a function that associates a real

number with each element in the sample space. It is a
variable whose values are determined by chance.
1. The probability of each value of the discrete random
2. A random variable is a ______________if its set of variable is between 0 and 1, inclusive. (In symbols:
possible outcomes is countable. Mostly, discrete random 0 ≤ P(x) ≤1)
variables represent count data, such as the number of
defective chairs produced in a factory. 2. The sum of all the probabilities is 1. (In symbols:
∑ P ( x )=1)
3. A random variable is a ______________ if it takes on
values on a continuous scale. Often, continuous random
variables represent measured data, such as height, weight,
and temperature.

4. A _____________________ or a probability mass

function consists of the values a random variable can
assume and the corresponding probabilities of the values.
1. A random variable is a function that associates a real
5. The probability of each value of the discrete random number with each element in the sample space. It is a
variable is between ________, inclusive. (In symbols: variable whose values are determined by chance.
0 ≤ P(x) ≤1)
2. A random variable is a discrete random variable if its
6. The sum of all the probabilities is _____ (In symbols: set of possible outcomes is countable. Mostly, discrete
∑ P ( x )=1) random variables represent count data, such as the number
of defective chairs produced in a factory.
Additional Information: Normal Curve
3. A random variable is a continuous random variable if it
takes on values on a continuous scale. Often, continuous
Ask: The discrete probability distribution is used for
random variables represent measured data, such as height,
discrete random variables. How about the continuous
weight, and temperature.
random variables?
4. A discrete probability distribution or a probability mass
Say:
function consists of the values a random variable can
I know everyone has seen a bell. In our history, there was
assume and the corresponding probabilities of the values.
this bell in Balangiga which were taken by the United
States army during the Philippine – American war in
5. The probability of each value of the discrete random
1901 as their war trophies and luckily it was brought back
variable is between 0 and 1, inclusive. (In symbols:
here in the Philippines.
0 ≤ P(x) ≤1)
Anyway, in Statistics there is also this bell but it’s just a
shape. This bell shape concept is the Normal Distribution 6. The sum of all the probabilities is 1. (In symbols:
Curve. The normal distribution curve has a possible value ∑ P ( x )=1)
that has decimal unlike in discrete random variable
wherein it takes a positive integer value including zero
(0). A normal curve is an example of continuous random
variable because its value could have a decimal.

3.7 Application

Say: This time, let’s practice and check if you understood

the lessons by answering this final activity.

A. Decide whether the random variable x is discrete or

continuous. Explain your reasoning.

1. Let x represent the number of students who wants

online classes in a public school in Zamboanga City.

2. Let x represent the number of books in a school’s

library.

3. Let x represent the volume of blood drawn for a blood

test.
 B. Decide whether the distribution is a probability
distribution. Explain your reasoning.

1.

2.

Processing questions:
Ask:
1. How did you feel about the lesson for today?
1. Discrete
2. What are the difficulties have you encountered in doing
the activity? How did you cope with these?

2. Discrete

3. Continuous

Answers may vary.

IV. Evaluation

Directions: Read and understand the following questions. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided
before each item.

_____1. The number of face shields in a box is an example of which variable?

A. Discrete B. continuous C. random D. probability
_____2. HT is a possible outcome of which statistical experiment?
A. tossing a coin B. defective cellphone
C. rolling a die D. none of the choices
_____3. The sum of the probability distribution is
A. 1 B. ½ C. 2 D. 0
_____4. A normal distribution is an example of
A. discrete random variable B. random variable
C. continuous random variable D. probability function
_____5. In tossing a coin, which is a possible random variable?
A. X number of heads that will appear
B. Y number of even number that will appear
 C. Z number of odd number that will appear
D. none of the choices
_____6. In a probability distribution if one of the probability is ½. What is the other probability?
A. 1/3 B. ¼ C. ½ D.1/5

For items 7-10, refer to the table below. Write the possible values.

Note: W is white and B is black

V. Assignment (Building Basic Skills and Vocabulary)

1. What is a random variable? Give an example of a discrete random variable and a continuous random variable. Justify
your answer.
2. What is a discrete probability distribution? What are the two conditions that determine a probability distribution?
3. Is the expected value of the probability distribution of a random variable always one of the possible values of x?
Explain.
4. What is the significance of the mean of a probability distribution?

Modified True or False. In Exercises 5–8, determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a
true statement.

5. In most applications, continuous random variables represent counted data, while discrete random variables represent
measured data.
6. For a random variable x, the word random indicates that the value of x is determined by chance.
7. The mean of a random variable represents the “theoretical average” of a probability experiment and sometimes is not a
possible outcome.
8. The expected value of a discrete random variable is equal to the standard deviation of the random variable.

Prepared by: Checked by: Noted by:

RAY CHRISTIAN P. FAUSTINO ANTHONY S. RAMILLANO RENEBOY F. GUTIERREZ

SHS-T-II, Statistics and Probability Head Teacher School Principal