AutoEMC Workshop Rodriguez
AutoEMC Workshop Rodriguez
AutoEMC Workshop Rodriguez
CISPR25 Limits and methods RI/ SAE J 551-4 and for the chamber testing procedure a monopole when an
of measurement of SAE J 1113-41 is used for the range 150KHz to 30MHz, for absorber lined
RE 30MHz to 200MHz a biconical antenna is used, chamber is
radio disturbance the log periodic is used for the range 200MHz- used the
characteristics for 1000MHz. For equipment testing a TEM cell can absorption of
the protection of be used. Whole vehicle testing is trying to see the material
receivers used on how the radio or radios in the car are affected by has to be
board vehicles the different systems in the vehicle, that is how better than 6dB
the radio is affected by windshield wipers, to put for the range
an example 70MHz and up.
SAE Standards (full vehicle) I
SAE J551- Title Typ Equivalent Test set up Chamber
needed
-11 Vehicle Electromagnetic RI ISO 11451-2 No absorbent material between antenna and shielded
immunity-Off vehicle source EUT. Antenna is to be place at least 2m from the anechoic
vehicle engine's center point the uniformity plane chamber.
is HORIZONTAL and it is a 1.5 diameter circle
where the field for frequencies above 200MHz
is between +-3dB for 80% of the frequencies
-13 Vehicle Electromagnetic CI ISO 11451-4 a shielded room will do, no absorber is
Immunity-Bulk Current necessary but test can be performed in a
injection shielded enclosure with absorber
-17 Vehicle Electromagnetic RI Large area for vehicle and field generating Shielded
Immunity-Power line coils enclosure
magnetic fields recomended
ISO Standards (full vehicle)
-2 Road vehicles - vehicle test RI SAE J 551-11 No absorbent material between antenna and shielded
methods for electrical EUT. Antenna is to be place at least 2m from the anechoic
disturbances by vehicle engine's center point the uniformity plane chamber.
narrowband radiated is HORIZONTAL and it is a 1.5 diameter circle
electromagnetic energy where the field for frequencies above 200MHz
part 2: off vehicle radiation is between +-3dB for 80% of the frequencies
source
-4 Road vehicles - vehicle test CI SAE J551-13 a shielded room will do, no absorber is
methods for electrical necessary but test can be performed in a
disturbances by shielded enclosure with absorber
narrowband radiated
electromagnetic energy
part 4: bulk current injection
2004/144 EC Standard (full vehicle)
Annex IV Method of measurement of RE CISPR 12 a monopole is used for the range 150KHz to Chamber must
radiated broadband 30MHz only vertical polarization measurements be correlated
emissions from vehicles are made, for 30MHz to 200MHz a biconical to OATS, an
antenna is used, the log periodic is used for the NSA
range 200MHz-1000MHz or tunned dipoles can measurement
be used for the entire range. for 10m testing the showing a
Annex V Method of measurement of antenna is located 3m over ground and it is not small deviation
radiated narrowband scanned, the antenna is 10meters from outer should
emissions from vehicles skin of vehicle and in line with engine mid point. demonstrate
Both sides of vehicle are tested. For 3m testing that.
antenna is placed at 1.8m both polarizations are
measured.
Annex VI Method of testing for RI antenna is placed no less than 1.5m above the Absorber
immunity of vehicles to ground and no less than 2 meters from the lined chamber
electromagnetic radiation center of the engine field uniformity requirement
is that points on a horizontal line of 1m in length
perpendicular to the antenna line of sight must
be within 6dB
Regarding Standards
• As mentioned before there are a lot of
Standard Documents that were not on
the above list. However, a lot of the
documents that are not mentioned are
based on international documents. Of
these international standards CISPR 12
and ISO 11451 are the critical ones.
CISPR 12
Vehicles, boats, and internal combustion
engine driven devices –
Radio disturbance characteristics –
Limits and methods of measurement for
the protection of receivers except those
installed in the vehicle/boat/device itself or
in adjacent vehicles/boats/devices
CISPR 12
Radio disturbance characteristics for the
protection of receivers used from emissions from
vehicles, boats, and on devices …
CISPR 12
• So CISPR 12 deals with how much do electric
and electronic systems affect outside
receivers from emissions from systems
aboard:
– Automobiles powered by internal combustion
engines or electric motors
– Boats (up to 15m) powered by internal combustion
engines or electric motors
– Devices powered by internal combustion engines
but not for the transport of people.(I.e.
compressors, chainsaws, garden maintenance
equipment, etc)
CISPR 12
• As with any other emissions standard
we look at measurements at 10m (3m
being allowed and limits being raised by
10dB)
• There are limits for Broadband noise
and narrowband noise
CISPR 12
• Limits for
broadband
emissions.
• Background
noise should be
6dB below the
limits (more on
that later) and
for 3m levels
should be 10dB
higher
CISPR 12
• Limits for
narrow band
emissions.
• Background
noise should be
6dB below the
limits (more on
that later) and
for 3m levels
should be 10dB
higher
CISPR 12
• Regarding the
test site, the
CISPR 12
Standard
defines the oats
as the
recommended
site.
• The OATS must
follow the
requisites stated
in CISPR 16
OATS layout
30m radius of
clear area
3m (1.8m)
10m (3m)
15m
Equipment
or huts only
beyond this
point
measurement layout
3m (1.8m)
10m (3m)
10m (3m)
Both sides of the vehicle
Have to be measured.
The antennas are to be in 3m (1.8m)
line with the vehicle under
test.
19
Measurement Layout
Microwave
Pyramidal absorber.
EMC and EHP series
Electric Losses
Preferred technology
for High frequencies
It can be used for low
frequencies if size
(length) is increased,
for CISPR 12
chambers minimum
1.8m and also use of
curvilinear pyramids
Commercial EMC/Automotive EMC and Antenna/Satellite Chamber
at LIT/INPE São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Typical EMC 10m range
Chambers
model Size absorber NSA FU
Ft (m)
FACT 10 –3.0 Std 59,30,22 PS-1250 all walls and ceiling, ±4.0dB 0 to +6dB
(18,9.2,6.6) RI patch of PS 600 75%
FACT 10 – 3.0 Std 63,38,28 PS-1250 9 rows walls, ceiling, ±3.5dB 0 to +6dB
+ (19,11.5,8.5) RI patch of PS 600 75%
FACT 10 –3.0 63,38,28 FS-1500 9 rows on walls, ±3.0dB 0 to +6dB
premium (19,11.5,8.5) ceiling, RI patch FS-400 75%
FACT 10 –4.0 Std 65,36,22 PS-1250 all walls and ceiling, ±4.0dB 0 to +6dB
(20,11,6.6) RI patch of PS 600 75%
FACT 10 – 4.0 Std 65,40,28 PS-1250 9 rows walls, ceiling, ±3.5dB 0 to +6dB
+ (20, 12, 8.5) RI patch of PS 600 75%
FACT 10 –4.0 65,40,28 FS-1500 9 rows on walls, ±3.0dB 0 to +6dB
premium (20,12,8.5) ceiling, RI patch FS-400 75%
FACT 10-6.0 Std + 71,43,28 PS-1250 9 rows walls, ceiling, ±3.5dB 0 to +6dB
(22,13,8.5) RI patch of PS 600 75%
Special features for
automotive
• Dynamometer Turn Table. Although for
emissions the vehicle just needs to idle.
• Exhaust system
• Fire Protection systems
• QZ may be as large as 9m making
chamber larger
• Chamber supported EH generators
• Large level entry door
Turntable no Dynamometer (3m testing)
2.4m by 2.4m sliding door 4m
Control Room Amp Room high
3m by 3m aprox 3m by 3m aprox
5503-5m 1.5m
Component test bench
Antenna for components
3m 6m
CISPR 12 1m
11m
position
FS-600 on
side walls 1.5m
and ceiling
15m
Dynamometer no Turntable (3m testing)
FS-600
coverage
Control room walls and
ceiling
Amplifier
2m
room
underneath
RI antenna
Position 1
RE antenna RE antenna
fixed height 2m fixed height
1.8m 1.8m
2m 3m 3m
2m 15.20m
2m 2m
Dynamometer
RI antenna
for vehicles RI antenna
position 2
6m by 2m position 3
2m
2m diameter QZ
15.20m
Turntable no Dynamometer (3m testing)
FS-600
coverage
walls and
ceiling
RE antenna RE antenna
fixed height fixed height
1.8m 1.8m
2m 3m 3m
2m 5m
2m
RI antenna 2m
1.8m
position 2
RI antenna
position 3
15.20m
Amplifier
room
underneath
Vehicle immunity
Automotive Immunity testing
The main Standards that this solution addresses are the following:
ISO 11451-2
SAE J551-11
95/54 EC Annex VI
The SAE and the ISO are virtual copies of each other and they both
require a highest severity level of 100V/m. ISO contemplates an
additional level of severity to be agreed between the test house and
the manufacturer..
Field uniformity requirements are (for SAE and ISO) that the field
level be generated at a reference point located 1m above the ground
on to which the vehicle rests (2m for vehicles higher than 3m) and at
two points 75cm on either side of the reference point. At these points
the field level should be within 3dB of the reference point level. For
95/54 EC the points are 50cm on either side and the highest level of
severity is 24V/m with 80% AM modulation.
Automotive EMC Immunity
• 100V/m highest severity level (200v/m
contemplated in the ISO standard
• Field Uniformity Requirements
Reference point
0.5m 0.5m
SAEJ551-11
ISO 11451-2 1m, 2m for vehicles over 3m
200MHz and above
Automotive EMC Immunity
The reference point position on the vehicle corresponds to the point
where the windshield and the hood of the car meet. Or the front axel,
which ever is farther away from the antenna.
For rear-engined vehicles the vehicle will be tested with the rear
facing the antenna and the reference point at the rear axel.
>2m >2m
20cm 4.7m
1m 14 ft
1m
2m
50cm 50cm
7.01m 23ft
Field Generation
The key to automotive immunity is the
generation of high fields. The proper
selection of the antenna is key to
lowering the amplifier requirements.
The next Slides deal with
recommendations of the most suitable
antennas for ISO 11451-2 and
equivalent standards.
Recommended Antennas
• 100kHz to 30MHz E-H generator
• 30MHz to 100MHz Biconical
• 100MHz to 1000MHz Dual Ridge Horn
• 1000MHz to 18000MHz Octave Gain
horns
E-H Field Generators
• Transverse Electromagnetic Mode
Transmission lines.
• Field concentrated between elements and
ground.
• No radiation into the chamber unless
separation between the elements is more than
½ a wavelength
E-H Field Generators
• Two elements
• Both can be driven
together against
ground (E Mode)
• One can be driven
against the other
isolated from ground
(H Mode)
E-H Field Generators
To test the performance the field is measured at one point 1m over the ground
and 1/3 the length of the elements from the transition region.
This places the test point roughly at the location of the reference point
described on the standards
E-H Field Generators
Self Supported Units: ideal for
smaller vehicles
1. 5m element length.
2. 2.5m maximum element
height.
3. 2m Maximum element
separation for H mode.
4. Manual Operation
5. 3kW maximum input power.
Self supported units
5503-5m power requirements for 100v/m
10000
3kW input power limit
H-mode probe at 1.5 over ground
E-mode 1.5m probe at 1m over ground
E-mode 2.0m probe at 1m over ground
E-mode 2.5m probe at 1m over ground
Input Power (w)
frequency (MHz)
Automated chamber
supported Units
1. Variable element length (as
customer required)
2. Variable pneumatic element
separation for H mode.
3. Variable height motor
driven
4. 10kW maximum input
power.
Chamber supported
Chamber supported
Chamber supported
Large bicons(30MHz-100MHz)
Vpol Hpol
Data courtesy of
Overview
Conclusions