August Report 2 - Idris
August Report 2 - Idris
August Report 2 - Idris
August 2022
Protection Engineer OJT
Training Program
This report is a monthly report about my progress which is reported to Mr. Rajendran, the general
manager (GM) at Al Zawawi PowerTech Engineering Company (ZPTE), to Mr. Sulaiman
Almamari, the training manager at ZPTE and to Mr. Basker, the senior test engineer at ZPTE.
It is a summary and a technical report about new knowledge and experiences that I had got during
my training under the program: Protection Engineer OJT Training Program. This program is
conducted and it is supervised by Petroleum Development Oman Company (PDO).
This shift is shift number six in our training program. The shift duration was two weeks from
25/08/2022 to 08/09/2022. The training location now is in Yibal site, one of PDO sites.
The report is divided into four sections:
Introduction
Theory Section
Practical Section
Up-normal Event
Note: All information related to PDO system which is mentioned in this report is confidential and
it is the exclusive property of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO). Therefore, it should not be
shared or used for other than the reason of which it was written.
Section 1: Theory
Zone 1 does not cover the entire length of the primary line because it is difficult to differentiate
between faults which are close to the bus at the end of the line. In other words, if a fault is close to
bus, relay cannot ascertain if it is on the primary line, bus or on back up line.
Relays usually have a reach setting of up to 80% of the protected line impedance for instantaneous
Zone 1 protection. The resulting 20% safety margin ensures that there is no risk of the Zone 1
protection over-reaching the protected line. Zone 2 of the distance protection will cover the
remaining 20% of the line.
The example below is only to show the procedure and to give a better understanding. However,
short circuit studies for real systems are done by softwares as mention above. The solution method
which is used in the example is Per Unit Method.
Laws:
𝑍𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑍𝑝.𝑢. =
𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
(𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 )2
𝑍𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
𝑀𝑉𝐴
𝑍𝑜𝑙𝑑 × 𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑤
𝑍𝑛𝑒𝑤 =
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑍𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 =
𝑆𝐶 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙
Assume 𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 100 𝑀𝑉𝐴
Timing Test:
- As the current increase, tripping time will decrease.
- There are many curves that are used in O/C & E/F such as: Definite Time (DT),
Standard Inverse (SI), Extremely Inverse (EI) and IDMT.
- We used Extremely Inverse curve for O/C protection.
- We used Standard Inverse curve for E/F protection.
Section 3: Up-Normal Event