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acceptanwing the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution, Russia annexed Crimea, and Russian-backed
paramilitaries seized part of the Donbas region of south-eastern Ukraine, which consists
of Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts, sparking a regional war.[19][20] In March 2021, Russia began a large
military build-up along its border with Ukraine, amassing up to 190,000 troops and their equipment.
Despite the build-up, denials of plans to invade or attack Ukraine were issued by various Russian
government officials up to the day before the invasion. [24] On 21 February 2022, Russia
recognised the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, two self-proclaimed
breakaway quasi-states in the Donbas.[25] The next day, the Federation Council of Russia authorised
the use of military force and Russian troops entered both territories. [26]
The invasion began on the morning of 24 February,[27] when Russian president Vladimir
Putin announced a "special military operation" for the "demilitarisation and denazification" of Ukraine.
[28][29]
In his address, Putin espoused irredentist views,[30] challenged Ukraine's right to statehood,[31]
[32]
and falsely[33] claimed Ukraine was governed by neo-Nazis who persecuted the ethnic Russian
minority.[34] Minutes later, missiles, rockets and airstrikes hit across Ukraine, including the
capital Kyiv, followed by a large ground invasion from multiple directions. [35][36] Ukrainian
president Volodymyr Zelenskyy enacted martial law and a general mobilisation.[37][38] Russian attacks
were initially launched on a northern front from Belarus towards Kyiv, a north-eastern
front towards Kharkiv, a southern front from Crimea, and a south-eastern
front from Luhansk and Donetsk.[39][40] Russia's advance towards Kyiv stalled in March, with Russian
troops retreating from the northern front by April. On the southern and south-eastern fronts, Russia
captured Kherson in March and then Mariupol in May after a siege. On 19 April, Russia
launched a renewed attack on the Donbas region, with Luhansk Oblast fully captured by 3 July.
Russian forces continued to bomb both military and civilian targets far from the frontline. [42]
[41]
September. Soon after, Russia announced the illegal annexation of four partially occupied Ukrainian
oblasts.
The invasion has received widespread international condemnation. The United Nations General
Assembly passed a resolution condemning the invasion and demanding a full withdrawal of Russian
forces.[44] The International Court of Justice ordered Russia to suspend military operations and
the Council of Europe expelled Russia. Many countries imposed sanctions on Russia, as well as on
its ally Belarus, which have affected the economies of Russia and the world,[45] and
provided humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine.[46] Protests occurred around the world; those in
Russia were met with mass arrests and increased media censorship,[47][48] including a ban on the
words "war" and "invasion". [36][49] Over 1,000 companies have pulled out of Russia and Belarus in
response to the invasion.[50] The International Criminal Court has opened an investigation into crimes
against humanity in Ukraine since 2013, including war crimes in the 2022 invasion.[51]
Contents
1Background
o 3.4Events in Crimea
o 3.7Nuclear threats
o 3.8Ukrainian resistance
4Foreign involvement
o 5.2Prisoners of war
o 5.3Refugee crisis
6Humanitarian impact
7Reactions
8See also
9Notes
10References
11Further reading
12External links
Background
Main articles: Russia–Ukraine relations, Russia–NATO relations, Ukraine–NATO relations,
and Russo-Ukrainian War
Further information: Orange Revolution, Euromaidan, Revolution of Dignity, and 2014 pro-Russian
unrest in Ukraine
See also: Historical background of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine, Russian imperialism,
and Enlargement of NATO
Ukraine, with the annexed Crimea in the south and two self-proclaimed separatist republics in Donbas in the
east
Following the Euromaidan protests and the Revolution of Dignity which resulted in the removal of
pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych in February 2014, pro-Russian unrest erupted in eastern
and southern parts of Ukraine. Russian soldiers without insignia took control of strategic positions
and infrastructure in the Ukrainian territory of Crimea, and seized the Crimean Parliament. Russia
organised a controversial referendum, whose outcome was for Crimea to join Russia. Russia's
annexation of Crimea followed in March 2014, then the war in Donbas, which began in April 2014
with the formation of two Russia-backed separatist quasi-states: the Donetsk People's Republic and
the Luhansk People's Republic.[59][60] Russian troops were involved in the conflict.[61][62][63] The Minsk
agreements signed in September 2014 and February 2015 were a bid to stop the fighting, but
ceasefires repeatedly failed.[64]
A dispute emerged over the role of Russia: Normandy Format members France, Germany, and
Ukraine saw Minsk as an agreement between Russia and Ukraine, whereas Russia insisted Ukraine
should negotiate directly with the two separatist republics.[65][66] In 2021, Putin refused offers from
Zelenskyy to hold high-level talks, and the Russian government subsequently endorsed an article by
former president Dmitry Medvedev arguing it was pointless to deal with Ukraine while it remained a
"vassal" of the US.[67] The annexation of Crimea led to a new wave of Russian nationalism, with much
of the Russian neo-imperial movement aspiring to annex more Ukrainian land, including the
unrecognised Novorossiya.[68] Analyst Vladimir Socor argued that Putin's 2014 speech after the
annexation of Crimea was a de facto "manifesto of Greater-Russia Irredentism".[69] In July 2021, Putin
published an essay titled "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians", reaffirming that
Russians and Ukrainians were "one people".[70] American historian Timothy Snyder described Putin's
ideas as imperialism.[71] British journalist Edward Lucas described it as historical revisionism.[72] Other
observers have noted that the Russian leadership has a distorted view of modern Ukraine and its
history.[73][74][75]
In March and Ape village was formed in 1905 (as the memorial plaque on the building of
the Vorzelsky railway station says) on the 37th kilometer of the section of the Kovel
railway, thanks to the collaboration of local landowners Krasovsky, Chaika, von Derviz,
Saratovsky, Pekhovsky and Kicheeva.
During World War II the village was occupied by German troops on 22 September 1941.
Two years later, in November 1943, Soviet troops took it back for the USSR without a
fight.[3]
Until 18 July 2020, Vorzel belonged to Irpin Municipality. In July 2020, as part of the
administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to
seven, Irpin Municipality was merged into Bucha Raion. [4][5]
During the Russian-Ukrainian war the village was shelled and then occupied by Russian
troops in late February 2022.[6] Until March 9, Vorzel was blocked by the Russian
occupiers, leaving most houses without electricity, heat and water. [7] It was only on
March 9 that the evacuation of local residents began. [8] Among the evacuees was the
Ukrainian composer Ihor Poklad.[9]
Gallery[edit]
References[edit]
External link[edit]
Media related to Vorzel at Wikimedia Commons
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ril 2021, Russia began a major military build-up near the Russo-Ukrainian border. A second build-up
followed from October 2021 to February 2022, in both Russia and Belarus. [77] Members of the
Russian government repeatedly denied having plans to invade or attack Ukraine; [22][78] including
government spokesman Dmitry Peskov on 28 November 2021, Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei
Ryabkov on 19 January 2022,[21] Russian ambassador to the US Anatoly Antonov on 20 February
2022,[22] and Russian ambassador to the Czech R
ce.
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