Lecture # 2&3
Lecture # 2&3
Lecture # 2&3
Lecture #2
Lecture Notes by
• Precision (repeatability/reproducibility)
• Repeatability and reproducibility are alternative ways to express precision.
• Repeatability: The spread of output values for the same input being applied
in constant conditions.
• Reproducibility: The spread of output values for the same input being
applied in varying conditions.
4. Range & Span
Mind openers (Problems)
Mind openers (Problems)
Example 2: A pressure gauge with a range between 0 - 10 bar is found to have an error of ± 0.15 bar when
calibrated by the manufacturer. Calculate :
a. The error percentage of the gauge.
b. The error percentage when the reading obtained is 2.0 bar.
Example 3: Two pressure gauges (pressure gauge A and B) have a full scale accuracy of ± 5%. Sensor A has a
range of 0-1 bar and Sensor B 0-10 bar. Which gauge is more suitable to be used if the reading is 0.9 bar?
Example 4: A temperature sensor has a span of 20-250°C. A measurement results in a value of 55°C for the
temperature. Specify the error if the accuracy is (a) ±0.5% FS, (b)±0.75% span, and (c)±0.8% of reading.
What is the possible temperature in each case.
5. Linearity
• If the input to an instrument is gradually increased from zero, the input will
have to reach a certain minimum level before the change in the instrument
output reading is of a large enough magnitude to be detectable
• For example, car’s speedometer normally have a threshold of 15 km/h
• Sometimes absolute value is quoted instead of %age of full-scale readings.
8. Resolution