PROGRESS IN INDONESIAN BIODIESEL

Center for Engineering and Technology System (BRDST)

Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)
Building 480 PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314 Banten, Indonesia
Email : [email protected]

Adaro, 30 Desember 2015

1
 Why Biodiesel?

Source : PT Pertamina (Persero), 2012

Source : Arifin Panigoro,2013

 Biodiesel is the most potensial renewable fuel to subsitute petro diesel fuel in
Indonesia, with respect to :
 Availability of supply : production & raw material
 Readiness in the implementantion : policy/regulation & technical aspect)
2
 Policy on Development and Implementation of Bioenergy
LAW NO. 30 YEAR 2007 Priority on supply and utilization of New & Renewable
About ENERGY Energy, including Biofuel.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 79 YEAR 2014
about Policy on National Energy
Target of NRE in 2025 at 23% of National Energy Mix, and
Biofuel is targetted at 26% of NRE target.
PRESIDENT INSTRUCTION NO. 1 YEAR 2006
about supply and utilization of biofuel as other type of Instruction to several Ministries, Governors, Mayor/Regent
fuel for actions to accelerate supply & utilization of biofuel.
MINISTRY of EMR REGULATION NO. 32 YEAR 2008 Mandatory Phase for Utilization of Biofuel in the Sectors :
about supply, utilization and market trade scheme of
biofuel as other type of fuel Transportation, Industries, Comercials and Power Plants.
Percepatan dan peningkatan mandatori pemanfaatan
MINISTRY of EMR REGULATION NO 25/ 2013, NO. 20/ BBN
2014 and No. 12/2015
about first, second and third amandement on
MINISTRY of EMR REGULATION NO. 32 YEAR 2008

MINISTRY of EMR REGULATION NO. 19 YEAR 2013 Pengaturan harga pembelian listrik dari sumber Bioenergi
and NO. 27 YEAR 2014
about Feed In Tariff (Biomassa, Biogas, dan Sampah Kota) oleh PT. PLN
hingga 10 MW
DECREE of MINISTRY of EMR NO.2185K/12/MEM/2014
about second amandement on Ministry of EMR Decree Harga Indeks Pasar (HIP) BBN untuk dicampurkan ke dalam jenis
NO.0219K/12/MEM/2014 BBM tertentu/PSO/bersubsidi
3
Energy and Mineral Resource Ministry Regulation Number 12 Year 2015
Sector April Januari Januari Januari
2015 2016 2020 2025
Micro business, Fishery Business, 15% 20% 30% 30%
Agriculture Business, Transportation
and Public Services (PSO)
Transportation Non PSO 15% 20% 30% 30%
Industrial and Commercial 15% 20% 30% 30%
Electricity Generation 25% 30% 30% 30%
Note:
PSO : Public Service Obligation (Subsidized)

4
 MILESTONE OF BIODIESEL IMPLEMENTATION
New scheme biodiesel
Biofuel subsidy scheme through state budget incentives through CPO
Supporting Fund

 Ministry Of Energy And

Mineral Resources
Regulation No. 20 Year 2014
Mandatory of >> increase the percentage of
biofuel utilization in biodiesel blending roadmap
transportation, indu  Technical testing of B20

 Presidential
stry, commercial, a
nd electricity 2016
Instruction No.
1 Year 2006
generation sector
2015
concerning on
Provision and 2014
Utilization of
Biofuel 2013
2009
Ministry Of Energy And Mineral
Resources Regulation No. 12 Year 2015

2008
>> Biodiesel utilization increased from B10
to B15

2006
 Ministry Of Energy And Mineral
Resources Regulation No. 25 Year 2013
>> Biodiesel utilization increased from B7,5
to B10
Ministry Of Energy And Mineral Resources
Regulation No. 32 Year 2008
concerning on Provision, Utilization, and Procedures
of Commerce of Biofuel as Other Fuel

B2,5 – B7,5 B10 B15 B20

5
 PROGRESS OF BIODIESEL SUPPLY
(PRODUCTION, EXPORT & DOMESTIC USE)
4,500

4,000

3,474
3,500

3,000 2,805
thousand kL

2,500
2,221

2,000 1,812 1,845

1,757
1,552 1,629
1,453
1,500
1,048
1,000
669
554
500 359 352
190 243 223
70 119 20 56
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*

Production Export Domestic

Note: * status per 30 June 2015

6
 BIODIESEL PRODUCT FOR CPO DEMAND
Unit 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Biodiesel Mandatory % 15% 20% 20% 20% 20% 30%

Biodiesel Demand million KL 5.05 6.93 7.14 7.35 7.58 11.70

CPO Demand (for Biodiesel) million Ton 4.59 6.31 6.50 6.69 6.89 10.65

Est. National CPO Production million Ton 32.0 33.6 35.3 37.0 38.9 40.8

Percentage CPO for Biodiesel

of National CPO Total % 14% 19% 18% 18% 18% 26%
Production

CPO utilized as raw material for Biodiesel

production is increasing with the increased BIODIESEL IS
Biodiesel mandatory implementation. STRATEGIC MARKET
In 2020, with B30 mandatory implementation, 26% FOR CPO DEMAND
of CPO production will be utilized for biodiesel
production.
IN PALM INDUSTRIES

7
 PENETAPAN HARGA BIODIESEL (HARGA INDEKS PASAR)
Penetapan perhitungan HIP Biodiesel berdasarkan harga CPO telah dilakukan
sebanyak 2 (dua) kali di tahun 2015, yaitu:

a. Pada tanggal 27 Februari 2015 melalui Permen ESDM no 0726 K/12/MEM/2015,

HIP Biodiesel yang dicampurkan ke dalam Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Tertentu dan
Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Khusus Penugasan didasarkan pada Harga Patokan
Ekspor CPO yang ditetapkan Menteri Perdagangan periode 1 (satu) bulan
sebelumnya ditambah besaran konversi CPO menjadi Biodiesel sebesar 188
USD/MT dengan faktor konversi sebesar 870 kg/m3.

b. Pada tanggal 30 Juni 2015 melalui Permen ESDM no 3239 K/12/MEM/2015, HIP
Biodiesel yang dicampurkan ke dalam Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Tertentu dan
Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Khusus Penugasan ditetapkan berdasarkan harga
publikasi Kharisma Pemasaran Bersama Nusantara untuk CPO unit Belawan dan
Dumai rata-rata periode 1 (satu) bulan sebelumnya tidak termasuk PPN, ditambah
besaran konversi CPO menjadi Biodiesel sebesar 125 USD/MT dengan faktor
konversi sebesar 870 kg/m3, serta ditambah ongkos angkut dengan besaran
maksimal untuk masing-masing lokasi titik serah.
HIP Biodiesel = (Rerata KPB CPO + 125 USD/ton) x 870 kg/m3 + Ongkos Angkut
 BIODIESEL INCENTIVE FROM CPO FUND (DANA SAWIT)
IDR / Liter

PPN
(IDR 204)
Paid by BPDPKS
PPN
Paid by Pertamina/AKR 1. Ministry of EMR for setting the market
(IDR 517)
7,211 SUBSIDY /retail (solar) diesel fuel selling price
6,196
SOLAR referring to HIP Solar, NOT HIP
PPBKB 1.000
RP/LT Biodiesel
HIP BBN – HIP BBM
PPN
= IDR 2,038 2. The biodiesel price difference is
5,196 Rp 1.000/lt covered by BPDPKS
ALPHA
= (HIP BBN-HIP BBM) + PPN 10%
Rp 1.000/lt
5,173 = IDR 2,038/lt + IDR 204/lt

RETAIL SELLING PRICE

= IDR 2,242/lt
HIP BIODIESEL

HIP BIOSOLAR =

HIP : Market Index Price

HIP SOLAR
HIP SOLAR

PPN : Value added tax

BPDPKS : Organisation collecting
CPO Fund

Note : Price simulation as in period of October 2015.

Source : BPDPKS, 2015
9
 CONTOH PERHITUNGAN
INSENTIF BIODIESEL DARI DANA PERKEBUNAN SAWIT
Contoh perhitungan selisih harga HIP Biodiesel dan HIP BBM solar untuk bulan
September 2015, dapat dihitung sebagai berikut:

HIP Biodiesel = (Rerata KPB CPO + 125 USD/ton) x 870 kg/m3 + Ongkos Angkut
(BU BBN ke TBBM)
= (Rp 5.963/kg) + 125 USD/ton) x 870 kg/m3 + Rp 321 /liter
= Rp 7.007 / liter
HIP BBM Solar = 57,996 USD/bbl
= Rp 4.930 / liter
Selisih Harga (HIP Biodiesel - HIP BBMSolar) = (Rp 7.007 - Rp 4.930)/liter + PPN
= Rp 2.078 /liter + Rp 208 /liter
= Rp 2.286 /liter

• Bila biodiesel yang dicampurkan ke dalam BBM solar sebesar 15% untuk implementasi
mandatori biodiesel sebesar 15% di tahun 2015, maka selisih harga biodiesel yang
dibayarkan dalam bahan bakar campurannya (B-15) per liternya adalah sebesar Rp 342,90.
• Selisih harga tersebut merupakan insentif bagi masyarakat yang telah menggunakan
biodiesel dalam bahan bakar campurannya, yang dibayarkan dari Dana Perkebunan Kelapa
Sawit.
 10,000
11,000

4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Jan-13
Feb-13 IDR / Liter
Mar-13

Source : BPDPKS, 2015

Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13

HIP Solar (Rp/liter)

Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14

HIP Biodiesel (Rp/liter)

Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
KPB CPO (Rp/liter)

Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
PRICE OF BIODIESEL, DIESEL FUEL (SOLAR) & CPO

Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
11
 IDR/kg

5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
8,500
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15

Source : BPDPKS, 2015

Apr-15
Mei-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
1 Agst

CPO Fund
5 Agst
10 Agst
15 Agst

Before B15 impelentation with

20 Agst
25 Agst
30 Agst
1 Sept
5 Sept
10 Sept
15 Sept
21-Sep
25-Sep
30-Sep
01-Okt
05-Okt
12-Okt
CPO PRICE TREND (IDR/Kg)

16-Okt
CPO Fund

20-Okt
26-Okt
30-Okt
B15 Implementation with

02-Nop
03-Nop
04-Nop
05-Nop
DOMESTIC CPO PRICE TRENDS

06-Nop
09-Nop
10-Nop
11-Nop
12-Nop
Des-15
Jan-16
Feb-16
Mar-16
(source
CPO Price
Estimated

from ICDX)

Apr-16
12
 MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF FUEL QUALITY (B0, BXX, B100)
BIOFUEL PRODUCERS DEPOT/FUEL STORAGE FUEL STATIONS USERS/CONSUMERS
 Sample for quality test Sample for % Biodiesel  Sample in Mining Companies
 Sample Biodiesel
quanitity test (fuel  Sample in Army Facilities (TNI)
 Sample Bioetanol  Sample for % Biodiesel quanity test (loading)
station: Pertamina,  Sample in PLN (State Electricity Facilities)
 Sample Biooil  Sample for % Biodiesel quantity test (unloading) Total, Shell)  Sampel in Rail Company/PT KAI)
PT. PLN TNI
Q1 Q2
Fossil Fuel Storage Fuel Station
In line blending

Q2
Q2
Loading Mining Companies) PT. KAI
Truck/Tanker Biofuel

In tank
BiofuelStorage blending

Q1

Unloading Flow Biofuel

Q1 Q2
Q2 Flow Fossil Fuel
Biofuel Quality Test Biofuel (% Biodiesel) Quantity Test Flow B xx (Biosolar etc)

Quality Test Result of BIODIESEL Blending BIODIESEL (B100) & SOLAR (B0)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
SNI 7182:2006 7182:2006 7182:2006 7182:2012 7182:2012 Total samples 8 14 65 95 223
Total Samples - 15 15 15 12 % Mandatory 5% 5% 7,5% 7,5% - 10% 10%
Note : - In 2010 conducted by Ditjen Migas; In 2011 – 2013 dilakukan oleh Ditjen Average Result 6,08% 5,2 7,46% 9,61% *) 8,3%
EBTKE Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Note : - In 2010 conducted by Ditjen Migas; In 2011 – 2013 dilakukan oleh Ditjen
- Based on the result of fuel quality monitoring activites for all test EBTKE Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
parameters, generally Biodiesel & BxXX marketed has met the specification *) First Sampling conducted in August 2013. Starting 1 Sept 
of Biodiesel SNI (on Spec) , i.e. about 90% of all parameters, and improved Regulated by Permen ESDM. No. 25/2013 (B10)
percentage in the following years. 13
RoadTest B20 Tahun 2014

14
 B20 TEST ACTIVITIES (2014)
for implementation of B20 in 2016

BACKGROUND ACTIVITIES & STAKEHOLDERS TARGET

Fuel Supply
Biofuel R
- PT PERTAMINA
Mandatory - APROBI E
Fuel Quality Tests C
- BRDST BPPT O
Engine Technology - LEMIGAS Technical Assessment
Fuel System Test
Development for B20 Utilization M
ITB/GAIKINDO(DENSO)
M
Test Coordinator : E
B20 Storage Stability
Updating & Material
Ministry of Energy &
N
Mineral Resources
Compatibiliy
(DJ EBTKE) B20 Engine Test D
Technical - LEMIGAS
- ADARO - BTMP BPPT A
Support - GAIKINDO
- BRDST BPPT T
I
B20 Heavy Engine
Regulation Reference Test O
- HINABI/BPPT/ITB N

15
15
 Research Development Engineering Operation

Uji Kadar Ester (By volume)

140

120 y=x

100
Kadar Ester (%)

80 Produsen A

60 Produsen B
Produsen C
40
Produsen D
20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
% Blending

16
FASILITAS BLENDING

17
 Road Test Implementation
Storing
SUPPLY FUEL (B0 & B20) TO BASECAMP II
Vehicles with
AT LEMBANG, BANDUNG
B20 Fuel

Toyota – Innova
(2 units : B0 & B20)
B0
ROAD TEST 40.000 KM

B20
(km)

0 2500 5000 10.00 20.000 30.000 40.000

0
Mitsubishi –
Pajero Emissions
(2 units : B0 & B20) Test
Chassis
Dynometer
Test
Lubricant
Chevrolet - Spin Analysis
(2 units : B0 & B20)
Metrology
and Rating

18
 Specification of B20 Road Test Vehicles

Vehicles A (B0 and B20) Vehicles B (B0 and B20) Vehicles C (B0 and B20)
Manufactured in 2005 Cylinder Manufactured in 2014 Cylinder Manufactured in 2009
Volume : 2,500 cc Volume : 1,300 cc Cylinder Volume : 2,500 cc

4 cylinders in-line 16 valves 4 cylinders in-line 16 valves 4 cylinders in-line 16 valves

Common rail, Turbocharge & Common rail, Turbocharge & Common rail, Turbocharge &
EGR EGR EGR
Manual Transmission Manual Transmission Otomatic Transmission
Maintenance period :10,000 km Maintenance period : 15,000 km Maintenance period: 5,000 km

19
 Route for B20 Test
(Daily Distance +/- 540 km  Total Distance 40,000 km)

START

TRANSIT

20
20
 Influence of B-100 added to B-0 on the Specification of B-20
Samples & Test Result for B-100, B-0 & B-20
Taken from the Road Test Activities of Biodiesel 20% (B-20) Implementation
at Distance of 40.000 km
Result :
 Quality of B-0, B-100 dan B-20 has met qualitiy requirement on National
Regulation/Standard.
 Quality improvement of (B-20) compared to B-0 : flash point, cetane number & sulphur
content.
Improvement of several important parameters on B20 fuel
B-0 B-xx (B20) B-100 (SNI 2012)
No Parameter Units
Standard Lab Test Standard Lab Test Standard Lab Test
1 Viscosity mm2/s (cSt) 2,0 - 4,5 2,95 - 3,35 2,0 - 4,5 2,60 - 2,99 2,3-6,0 3,50 - 4,50
deg C,
2 Flash Point 52 56 - 73 52 67 - 71 100 157 - 166
min
3 Cetane Number min 48 47,8 - 48,8 48 48,4 - 52,1 51 60,9 - 65,0
mg-KOH/g,
4 Acid Value 0,6 0,045-0,050 0,6 0,094 - 0,123 0,6 0,12 - 0,20
max
Oxidation Stability menit,
5 - > 200 jam - 2206 - 2574 360 760 - 1440
(Rancimat) Min

6 Sulphur Content mg/kg, max 0,350 0,079 - 0,289 0,350 0,062 - 0,263 100 0,003 - 0,007
21
21
Hasil Uji B-20 pada Mesin Kendaraan

22
SPESIFIKASI KENDARAAN UJI

23
 RUANG LINGKUP UJI

 Uji Power
 Uji Emisi
 Uji Konsumsi Bahan Bakar
 Uji Pelumas
 Rating Komponen

24
 METODOLOGI UJI
No. Parameter Uji Metoda Uji Keterangan
1 Power kendaraan Adopsi R85 Untuk kendaraan A dan B
(absorpsi) dan dilakukan dengan metoda
akselerasi absorpsi sedangkan kendaraan C
dengan akselerasi
2 Emisi gas buang R83 Pengujian dilakukan pada 0,
kendaraan (NOx, THC, 2.500, 5.000, 10 ribu, 20 ribu, 30
CO dan Partikulat) ribu dan 40 ribu km
3 Konsumsi bahan bakar R101
4 Pelumas Pengujian dilakukan pada fresh
oil dan setiap penggantian
periodik kendaraan
5 Rating komponen CEC Dilakukan pada km 0 dan 40 ribu
km

25
 HASIL UJI PADA KENDARAAN (1)
TIPE UJI KENDARAAN A KENDARAAN B KENDARAAN C
UJI POWER Power kendaraan A Power kendaraan A Power kendaraan A
dengan B-20 cenderung dengan B-20 cenderung dengan B-20 relatif sama
lebih rendah dibandingkan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan B-0 dari KM awal
dengan B-0 dari KM awal dengan B-0 dari KM awal s/d akhir
s/d akhir s/d akhir
UJI EMISI Emisi CO & THC cenderung Emisi CO & THC cenderung Emisi CO & THC cenderung
lebih rendah untuk B-20 lebih rendah untuk B-20 lebih rendah untuk B-20
dibandingkan untuk B-0 dibandingkan untuk B-0 dibandingkan untuk B-0
dari KM awal s/d akhir dari KM awal s/d akhir dari KM awal s/d akhir
Emisi NOx konsisten lebih Emisi NOx sedikit lebih Emisi NOx konsisten lebih
rendah untuk B-20 tinggi di awal km (s/d 10 rendah untuk B-20
dibandingkan untuk B-0 ribu km) untuk B-20 dibandingkan untuk B-0
dari KM awal s/d akhir dibandingkan untuk B-0. dari KM awal s/d akhir
Namun, menjadi lebih
rendah setelah 20 ribu km
Emisi partikulat B-0 dan B- Emisi partikulat sedikit Emisi partikulat B-20 lebih
20 bervariasi dari KM awal lebih rendah di awal km tinggi dibandingkan
s/d akhir (s/d 10 ribu km) untuk B- dengan B-0 dari KM awal
20 dibandingkan untuk B- s/d akhir
0. Namun, menjadi lebih
tinggi setelah 20 ribu km

26
 HASIL UJI PADA KENDARAAN (2)
TIPE UJI KENDARAAN A KENDARAAN B KENDARAAN C
UJI PELUMAS Viskositas pelumas dengan Viskositas pelumas dengan Viskositas pelumas dengan
B-20 relatif stabil dan B-20 relatif stabil dan B-20 relatif stabil dan
nilainya pada saat periode nilainya pada saat periode nilainya pada saat periode
penggantian pelumas penggantian pelumas penggantian pelumas
masih dalam batas yang masih dalam batas yang masih dalam batas yang
diijinkan diijinkan diijinkan
Nilai TBN (detergent & Nilai TBN (detergent & Nilai TBN (detergent &
antioksidan) pelumas antioksidan) pelumas antioksidan) pelumas
dengan B20 cenderung dengan B20 cenderung dengan B20 cenderung
turun lebih banyak turun lebih banyak turun lebih banyak
dibandingkan dengan B-0, dibandingkan dengan B-0, dibandingkan dengan B-0,
namun masih dalam batas namun masih dalam batas namun masih dalam batas
yang diijinkan yang diijinkan yang diijinkan
Insoluble toluene & Insoluble toluene & Insoluble toluene &
pentane (padatan) dengan pentane (padatan) dengan pentane (padatan) dengan
pelumas (B-20 & B-0) masih pelumas (B-20 & B-0) masih pelumas (B-20 & B-0) masih
di bawah batas maksimum di bawah batas maksimum di bawah batas maksimum
Keausan logam parts pada Keausan logam parts pada Keausan logam parts pada
kendaraan dengan B-20 & kendaraan dengan B-20 & kendaraan dengan B-20 &
B-0 masih di bawah batas B-0 masih di bawah batas B-0 masih di bawah batas
maksimum maksimum maksimum

27
 HASIL UJI PADA KENDARAAN (3)

TIPE UJI KENDARAAN A KENDARAAN B KENDARAAN C

UJI KONSUMSI Konsumsi bahan bakar (fuel Konsumsi bahan bakar (fuel Konsumsi bahan bakar (fuel
BAHAN BAKAR economy, KM/liter) economy, KM/liter) kendaraan economy, KM/liter)
kendaraan dengan B-20 dengan B-20 cenderung lebih kendaraan dengan B-20
cenderung lebih rendah rendah atau sama cenderung lebih rendah
dibandingkan dengan B-0 dibandingkan dengan B-0 dibandingkan dengan B-0

RATING KOMPONEN Hasil rating setelah 40 ribu Hasil rating setelah 40 ribu km Hasil rating setelah 40 ribu
(Piston Thrust, Piston km menunjukkan bahwa menunjukkan bahwa tidak km menunjukkan bahwa
Top, Injector, Conn tidak ada perbedaan ada perbedaan komponen- tidak ada perbedaan
Root, Linner, Inlet komponen-komponen engine komponen engine dengan komponen-komponen
Valve, Outlet Valve, dengan bahan bakar B0 bahan bakar B0 maupun B20 engine dengan bahan bakar
Cylinder Head, Oil maupun B20 dalam kondisi dalam kondisi yang masih B0 maupun B20 dalam
Tank) yang masih baik, artinya baik, artinya kondisi kondisi yang masih baik,
kondisi komponen masih komponen masih dapat artinya kondisi komponen
dapat bekerja dengan baik bekerja dengan baik masih dapat bekerja dengan
baik

28
 UJI POWER
Kendaraan A Kendaraan B Kendaraan C

UJI KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR (FUEL ECONOMY, KM/LTR)

Kendaraan A Kendaraan B Kendaraan C

29
 UJI EMISI (CO)
Kendaraan A Kendaraan B Kendaraan C

UJI EMISI (THC)

Kendaraan A Kendaraan B Kendaraan C

30
 UJI EMISI (NOx)
Kendaraan A Kendaraan B Kendaraan C

UJI EMISI (PARTIKULAT)

Kendaraan A Kendaraan B Kendaraan C

31
HASIL RATING PADA KENDARAAN A

32
HASIL RATING PADA KENDARAAN B

33
HASIL RATING PADA KENDARAAN C

34
 Konsumsi Bahan Bakar (B0 dan B20) dan Kumulatif Jarak Tempuh
(Full-to-Full Tank Data)

Rata-Rata Jarak
Perbedaan % Kumulatif Jarak
Kendaraan Uji Bahan Bakar Tempuh per Liter
Tempuh (km)
(km/liter) (B20 terhadap B0)

B0 13,07 40.580
Kendaraan A 4,36%
B20 12,50 40.611

B0 18,15 40.117
Kendaraan B 3,58%
B20 17,50 40.267
B0 10,60 40.287
Kendaraan C 3,96%
B20 10,18 40.278

35
 Grafik Konsumsi Bahan Bakar B0 & B20 pada Kendaraan Uji RoadTest B20

18.0
13.0 Konsumsi B20 (B 2436 JO)

Jarak Tempuh per Liter BBM (KM/L)

Jarak Tempuh per Liter BBM (KM/L)

12.0 17.0 Konsumsi B0 (B 8330 TQ)

16.0 Konsumsi Rata-rata B20
11.0
Konsumsi Rata-rata B0
10.0 15.0

9.0 14.0
8.0 13.0
7.0 Konsumsi B20
12.0
Konsumsi B0
6.0 11.0
Konsumsi Rata-rata B20
5.0 10.0
Konsumsi Rata-rata B0
4.0
9.0
(5,000) 5,000 15,000 25,000 35,000 45,000
- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Jarak Tempuh (KM) Jarak Tempuh (KM)
Kendaraan A Kendaraan B
25.0 Konsumsi B20 (B 1131 KZR)
Konsumsi B0 (B 1447 KZR)
Jarak Tempuh per Liter BBM (KM/L)

23.0 Konsumsi Rata-rata B20

Konsumsi Rata-rata B0
21.0

19.0

17.0

15.0

13.0
- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

Jarak Tempuh (KM)

Kendaraan C 36
 SUMMARY OF B20 ROAD TEST RESULT ON PASSENGER CARS
Preliminary Test for Vehicle Performance Test : Rating, Emission Test and Performance Test at 0 km

Several Tests :
- Emission Test at 2,500; 5,000; 10,000; 20,000; 30,000 and 40,000 km.
- Performance Tests (power and fuel consumption, opacity) at 10,000 km; 20,000; 30,000 and
40,000 km.
Result of quality fuel tests (B0, B20 & B100) at BRDST BPPT and LEMIGAS showed that all fuels used
for road test has met the Standards stated in the Regulation Dirjen EBTKE No. 723 K/10/DJE/2013
for B100 and Regulation Dirjen Migas No. 978.K/10/DJM.S/2013 for B0 and B20.

Summary of the Result:

 Result of B20 Emission Test showed improved exhaust gas emission : SOx, CO, PM and THC
 Increase in fuel consumption about 3% and decrease in power about 2% for the cars with B20
fuel compared to B0 fuel. This result is accordance with the hypothesis:
 B100 has calory content about 5-10% less than B0, but Fuel Economy of its blend only
decrease about 3%
 B100 Calorific Content : 37 MJ/Kg x 0.89 Kg/Ltr = 32.93 MJ/Liter, and
B0 Calorific Content : 42.7 MJ/Kgx0.84 Kg/Ltr = 35.8 MJ/Liter
 Biodiesel has higher cetane number (60-69 for palm B100), and better lubricity property than
that of B0.
 However, for road test vehicles with B20, there was an increase power on every 10,0000 km.
 Older vehicles experinced fuel filter clogging at 7,500 km, but further distance elapsed no fuel
filter clogging occurred. (Recommendation : to anticipate this concern on B20 implementation in
2016 especially for old cars (approx. 4 millions in number), therefore, it need to %B100 stepwise
implementation  2015 to implement B15. 37
 SUMMARY OF OTHER (INDEPENDENT) TESTS ON B20
TESTS RESULT REMARKS

Test on the • Acid number and its viscosity of B-xx at any % biodiesel were Test conducted in
fuel stability increasing as the storage period becomes longer though for B20 Lemigas Jakarta,
test during their values were still met the standard. Indonesia
storage • Acid number for B100 however increased above the standard level,
(3 months) particularly when the fuel is stored outside and ambient temperature
at 43OC.
• The viscosity and oxidation stability parameters of B100 however
remain complying the standard for all storage condition.

B20 Fuel • The test used : B20 with induction period (IP) of 79 hours, B0 with IP Test carried out in
Injection Test value of 114 hours and B100 with an IP value of 6-8 hours. Denso, Nagoya,
• No change in the amount of fuel flow rate in the injector part after 750 Japan
hours test.
• No biopolymer deposit formation was detected in the sliding injector,
sliding pump and sliding common rail after 670 hours.

B20 Test on • Engine power with B20 fuel was 3-5 % lower than that with diesel Test carried out in
Truck Engine fuel (B0). BTMP- BPPT,
• Engine Power at 400hr was on almost 0hr of engine power. But, Indonesia
tendency of engine power decreasing was to be observed.
• The injection parts is needed of detail analysis.
• Fuel filter was clogged in early period.
B20 Test on • B100 : Palm Biodiesel & Jatropha Biodiesel Test carried out in
Heavy Duty • Fuel hoses shall be changed for all models Adaro Coal Mining
Truck (HD • Fuel consumption increased in app. 2% compared to B0 Site, South
785) • Considered engine oil maintenance period shall be shorten, 500 Kalimantan,
hours to 250 hours Indonesia
38
Road Show B20 To Sumatera
Tahun 2015

39
 Rute ROADSHOW B20 TO SUMATERA

JAKARTA  LAMPUNG  PALEMBANG  JAMBI  PADANG  PEKANBARU  MEDAN  JAKARTA

40
 LAPORAN KEMAJUAN
(per 4 Desember 2015)

DATA KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR ROADTEST

Konsumsi Bahan Kumulatif Jarak Rata-rata Jarak Tempuh per
Kendaraan Uji Bakar Kumulatif Tempuh (KM) Liter Bahan Bakar
(Liter) (km/liter)
Kendaraan A 3.567 40.282 11.40
Kendaraan B 6.166 40.204 6.37

Spesifikasi Kendaraan Uji

Kendaraan A Kendaraan B
Produksi tahun 2014, Volume silinder 2.200 cc (4x4) Produksi tahun 2014, Volume silinder 4.000 cc
4 silinder in-line 16 katup 4 silinder in-line 16 katup
Common rail Mechanical Injection Pump
Transmisi Manual Transmisi Manual
Periode Maintenance 10.000 km Periode Maintenance 10.000 km

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41
 KEGIATAN PENGISIAN BAHAN BAKAR B20
KE TANGKI BAHAN BAKAR KENDARAAN UJI

42
 FORM ISIAN HARIAN

Form Isian Ford Ranger Form Isian Truk Hino

(B 9279 PSD) (B 9153 PQV)

Keterangan :
• Form isian harian berisi : catatan tentang konsumsi bahan bakar, jarak
tempuh, waktu tempuh dan kondisi perjalanan (macet, hujan, dll).
• Diisi oleh driver.
43
43
KENDARAAN A

44
44
KENDARAAN B

45
45
JADWAL ANALISA (QUICK TEST) BAHAN BAKAR B100 dan B20

46
46
Hasil Analisa Bahan Bakar Biodiesel (B100)

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Hasil Analisa Bahan Bakar Biodiesel 20% (B20)

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 FUEL vs ENGINE
FUEL ENGINE

STANDARD
 Spesification  Tipe Engine :
• conventional/common
 B-XX (% biodiesel?) rail/gas turbine, )
• RPM
 Properties/Characteristics • Fuel spec
 Parts (compatibility) :
 Handling elastomers, polymers, met
al, filters
 Performance :
• Power & Torque
• Fuel consumption
• Emission
• Oil filter

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Terima Kasih

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