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    Java - DateTypes - Variables - Operators

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    Vaish
    The document discusses Java data types, variables, and operators. It describes the primitive and non-primitive data types in Java including boolean, char, integers, floating-point, and String. It also covers declaring and assigning values to variables, variable scope, and common operators like arithmetic, assignment, logical, and relational operators.

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    Java - DateTypes - Variables - Operators

    Uploaded by

    Vaish
    16 views20 pages
    The document discusses Java data types, variables, and operators. It describes the primitive and non-primitive data types in Java including boolean, char, integers, floating-point, and String. It also covers declaring and assigning values to variables, variable scope, and common operators like arithmetic, assignment, logical, and relational operators.

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    The document discusses Java data types, variables, and operators. It describes the primitive and non-primitive data types in Java including boolean, char, integers, floating-point, and String. It also covers declaring and assigning values to variables, variable scope, and common operators like arithmetic, assignment, logical, and relational operators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views20 pages

    Java - DateTypes - Variables - Operators

    Uploaded by

    Vaish
    The document discusses Java data types, variables, and operators. It describes the primitive and non-primitive data types in Java including boolean, char, integers, floating-point, and String. It also covers declaring and assigning values to variables, variable scope, and common operators like arithmetic, assignment, logical, and relational operators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 20

    Datatypes, Variables

    & Operators
    DataTypes
     Data types specify the different sizes and values that
    can be stored in the variable.
    There are two types of data types in Java:
     Primitive data types: The primitive data types
    include boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float and
    double.

     Non-primitive data types: The non-primitive data


    types include Classes, Interfaces, and Arrays.
    Data Types, Variables, and
    Constants
     Declaring Variables
     Primitive Data Types
     Initial Values and Literals
     String Literals and Escape Sequences
     Constants
    Declaring Variables
     Variables hold one value at a time, but that value
    can change
     Syntax:
    dataType identifier;
    or
    dataType identifier1, identifier2, …;
     Naming convention for variable names:
     first letter is lowercase
     embedded words begin with uppercase letter
    Declaring Variables
     Names of variables should be meaningful and reflect
    the data they will store
     This makes the logic of the program clearer
     Avoid names similar to Java keywords
    Scope of a Variable
     In programming, a variable can be declared and
    defined inside a class, method, or block. It defines the
    scope of the variable i.e. the visibility or accessibility of
    a variable.
     Variable declared inside a block or method are not
    visible to outside.
     We can declare variables anywhere in the program but
    it has limited scope.
    Scope of a Variable
     A variable can be a parameter of a method or
    constructor.

     A variable can be defined and declared inside the body


    of a method and constructor.

     It can also be defined inside blocks and loops.

     Variable declared inside main() function cannot be


    accessed outside the main() function
    Scope & lifetime of variable
    DataTypes
    Data Type Size
    boolean 1 bit
    char 2 byte
    byte 1 byte
    short 2 byte
    int 4 byte
    long 8 byte
    float 4 byte
    double 8 byte
    Data Types
     For all data, assign a name (identifier) and a data
    type
     Data type tells compiler:
     How much memory to allocate
     Format in which to store data
     Types of operations you will perform on data
     Compiler monitors use of data
     Java is a "strongly typed" language
     Java "primitive data types"
    byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean
    Integer Types - Whole Numbers
    Type Size Minimum Value Maximum Value
    in Bytes
    byte 1 -128 127
    short 2 -32,768 32,767
    int 4 -2, 147, 483, 648 2, 147, 483, 647
    long 8 -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 9,223,372,036,854,775,807

    Example declarations:
    int testGrade;
    int numPlayers, highScore, diceRoll;
    short xCoordinate, yCoordinate;
    byte ageInYears;
    Floating-Point Data Types
     Numbers with fractional parts
    Type Size Minimum Value Maximum Value
    in Bytes
    float 4 1.4E-45 3.4028235E38
    double 8 4.9E-324 1.7976931348623157E308

    Example declarations:
    float salesTax;
    double interestRate;
    double paycheck, sumSalaries;
    char Data Type
     One Unicode character (16 bits - 2 bytes)
    Type Size Minimum Value Maximum Value
    in Bytes
    char 2 character character
    encoded as 0 encoded as FFFF

    Example declarations:
    char finalGrade;
    char newline, tab, doubleQuotes;
    boolean Data Type
     Two values only:
    true
    false
     Used for decision making or as "flag" variables
     Example declarations:
    boolean isEmpty;
    boolean passed, failed;
    Assigning Values to Variables
     Assignment operator =
     Value on the right of the operator is assigned to the
    variable on the left
     Value on the right can be a literal (text representing a
    specific value), another variable, or an expression
    (explained later)
     Syntax:
    dataType variableName = initialValue;
    Or
    dataType variable1 = initialValue1,
    variable2 = initialValue2, …;
    Assigning the Values of Other
    Variables
     Syntax:
    dataType variable2 = variable1;
     Rules:
    1. variable1 needs to be defined before this statement
    appears in the source code
    2. variable1 and variable2 need to be compatible
    data types; in other words, the precision of
    variable1 must be lower than or equal to that of
    variable2.
    Sample Assignments
     This is a valid assignment:
    float salesTax = .05f;
    double taxRate = salesTax;

     This is invalid because the float data type is lower in


    precision than the double data type:
    double taxRate = .05;
    float salesTax = taxRate;
    String Literals
     String is actually a class, not a basic data type; String
    variables are objects
     String literal: text contained within double quotes.
     Example of String literals:
    "Hello"
    "Hello world"
    "The value of x is "
    String Concatenation Operator (+)
     Combines String literals with other data types for
    printing

     Example:
    String hello = "Hello";
    String there = "there";
    String greeting = hello + ' ' + there;
    System.out.println( greeting );
    Output is:
    Hello there
    Operators in Java
    Category What it does… Examples

    Unary Increment, Decrement ++, --


    Arithmetic Addition, subtraction +, -, /
    Assignment Set a value to an expression =, +=, &=

    Conditional Choose one of two values ?:

    Logical Logical comparisons &&, ||


    Relational Compare values ==, >=
    Bitwise Move bits within a number <<, >>

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