TEODORO M.

LUANCING COLLEGE OF ROSARIO

Namunga, Rosario Batangas
DIFFERENT KINDS OF FIREARM

FIREARM
A firearm is any type of gun designed to be readily carried and used by an individual.
 The term is legally defined further in different countries (see Legal definitions).
[1][2][3]

The first firearms originated in 10th-century China, when bamboo tubes

containing gunpowder and pellet projectiles were mounted on spears to make the portable fire
lance,[4] operable by a single person, which was later used effectively as a shock weapon in
the Siege of De'an in 1132. In the 13th century, fire lance barrels were replaced with metal
tubes and transformed into the metal-barreled hand cannon.[5] The technology gradually
spread throughout Eurasia during the 14th century. Older firearms typically used black
powder as a propellant, but modern firearms use smokeless powder or other propellants. Most
modern firearms (with the notable exception of smoothbore shotguns) have rifled barrels to
impart spin to the projectile for improved flight stability.
Modern firearms can be described by their caliber (i.e. bore diameter). For pistols and
rifles this is given in millimeters or inches (e.g. 7.62mm or .308 in.), or in the case of
shotguns by their gauge (e.g. 12 ga. and 20 ga.). They are also described by the type of action
employed (e.g. muzzleloader, breechloader, lever, bolt, pump, revolver, semi-automatic, fully
automatic, etc.), together with the usual means of deportment (i.e. hand-held or mechanical
mounting). Further classification may make reference to the type of barrel used (i.e. rifled)
and to the barrel length (e.g. 24 inches), to the firing mechanism
(e.g. matchlock, wheellock, flintlock, or percussion lock), to the design's primary intended
use (e.g. hunting rifle), or to the commonly accepted name for a particular variation
(e.g. Gatling gun).

KINDS OF FIREARM
1. Rifle
The ATF defines a rifle as a weapon
designed or redesigned, made or remade, and
intended to be fired from the shoulder and
uses the energy of the explosive in a fixed
metallic cartridge to fire only a single
projectile through a rifled bore for every
single pull of the trigger.
What Are the Different Types of Rifles?

Within the rifle category, you’ll find

the bolt action rifle, lever action rifle, semi-
automatic rifle, and more. You will recognize
a rifle by its long barrel and receiver, a stock
designed to rest against the shoulder, and a rifled (or grooved) bore from which the projectile
exits.

When Was the Rifle Invented?

In the early 19th century, grooves were cut into the interior surface of a barrel to help
improve the accuracy of a standard musket. As these rifling grooves were used more and
more, it was discovered that the spin these grooves put on the bullet made its trajectory much
more flat and stable.

How to Shoot a Rifle

It’s important to remember to have the proper safety training and the guidance of an
experienced shooter before you shoot any firearm. Rifles are no different. If you’re
wondering how to shoot a rifle accurately, an expert instructor will show you exactly how to
hold the rifle, which stance is best, and what to expect after you fire a round. Before you
shoot a rifle, make sure you feel comfortable and confident with your grip and aim. It can be
an exciting and powerful experience when done the right way!

How to Clean a Rifle

If you own a rifle and would like to learn how to clean it properly, there are several
resources and products that can assist you with that. You’ll need a cleaning rod, cleaning
patches, solvent, rust protector, and other cleaning tools to clean a rifle the right way.
Maintaining your rifle will ensure its accuracy and performance, as well as prevent any
malfunctions. You want to make sure your rifle is unloaded before starting the cleaning
process, which includes disassembling the rifle, checking for obvious issues, wiping down
dust and grit, cleaning the barrel and other metal parts, rust prevention, lubrication, then
reassembling the rifle.

EXAMPLE OF RIFFLE

M16 rifle, also called AR-15, assault rifle developed as the AR-15 by American

engineer Eugene Stoner of ArmaLite Inc. in the late 1950s. The rifle received high marks for
its light weight, its accuracy, and the volume of fire that it could provide.
 The AR-15 was developed as a more portable alternative to the 7.62-mm (.308-
calibre) battlefield rifles of the day, but ArmaLite had limited success in marketing it to the
U.S. military. The AR-15 design was licensed to Colt’s Patent Firearms Manufacturing
Company (later Colt’s Manufacturing LLC) in 1959, and upon its adoption by the U.S. Air
Force in 1962, the AR-15 was designated the M16 by the Department of Defense. Modified
versions of the AR-15 (designated the XM16E1) were used by American combat troops in
the Vietnam War in the mid-1960s. Despite its advantages, it was prone to jamming because
of a convergence of factors. Improved training, wider distribution of cleaning kits, and a
change in the composition of the powder used in the rifle’s ammunition dramatically reduced
the rate of malfunction. With some minor adjustments based on recommendations from the
field, the rifle, now designated the M16A1, was adopted as the standard infantry weapon for
the U.S. military in 1967, superseding the M14 rifle. Colt subsequently marketed a
semiautomatic version of the rifle to civilians and law-enforcement personnel as the AR-15,
and upon the expiration of various patents in the 1970s, other companies followed suit. That
resulted in the application of the term AR-15 both to a specific type of semiautomatic rifle
and to the broader family of selective-fire rifles based on the original ArmaLite platform.

The M16 is gas-operated and, in its original configuration, had both semiautomatic
(i.e., autoloading) and fully automatic fire-control options. The M16A2, adopted by the U.S.
military in the early 1980s, replaced fully automatic fire with a three-round-burst capability
that was intended to increase accuracy and reduce ammunition consumption. The use of
aluminum and composite materials rather than wood made the various iterations of the M16
significantly lighter than the M14 or the AK-47. The M16A4—the standard infantry weapon
of the U.S. Marine Corps since 2003—weighs less than 3.3 kg (just over 7 pounds) unloaded.
It measures 100 cm (39 inches) long, has a 20-round or 30-round magazine, and fires 5.56-
mm (.223-calibre) ammunition at a rate of 700–950 rounds per minute. Optional
enhancements to the M16 family include the M203 grenade launcher, a bayonet, and an
assortment of rail-mounted flashlights, scopes, and laser-targeting systems. Although the
M16 remained the weapon of choice for military forces around the world into the 21st
century, by 2010 the U.S. Army had largely transitioned to the M4, a carbine based on the
AR-15 platform, as its primary infantry weapon.

2. Shotgun

A shotgun is similar to a rifle in that it has a long

barrel and is designed to be shot from the shoulder.
However, a shotgun usually has a smooth bore to
reduce friction and the walls of the barrel are
thinner because pressures are not as high. Shotgun
shooting is usually done with moving targets in the
air at shorter distances, while rifles are most
popularly used for stationary targets.

Who Invented the Shotgun?

In the 1600s, the Germans designed a gun, the

blunderbuss, which was a short musket that was fired from the shoulder. This is the first
known shotgun. In the 1700s, the British used a similar weapon to hunt large birds. It wasn’t
until 1776 that the term “shotgun” was used to differentiate a smooth bore gun from a rifled
musket.

How to Load a Shotgun

For any generic pump action shotgun, the loading process is the same:

 Use your offhand to hold the shotgun slide while placing the butt of the shotgun on a
solid surface. The muzzle should be pointing upwards with the trigger facing away
from you.
 Place the shell in the loading flap in from of the trigger guard with your dominant
hand. Push the shell up with your thumb and you’ll hear it click into place. Keep
loading shells until the magazine is fully loaded.
 Using a forceful yet smooth action, pull the slide back and forward to chamber a shell.
The shotgun is now ready to fire.
 You may need to know how to load a shotgun for home defense, so it’s worth
practicing if you’re not yet familiar with the process. Don’t worry too much about
how to load a shotgun fast. It’s more important to learn the correct way to do it before
focusing on speed.
How to Clean a Shotgun

The best way to clean a shotgun is similar to the process of cleaning a rifle. You will
need to follow specific steps to properly disassemble the weapon, degrease the shotgun, clean
out the barrel, lubricate the action, and tighten up any screws or hardware before
reassembling the gun. Make sure you have proper tools and materials that are made
specifically for cleaning a gun and follow all safety protocols during the process.

How to Shoot a Shotgun

If you’re ready, here are some shotgun shooting tips from our instructors:

 Prior to shooting a shotgun, make sure you have all the recommended safety
equipment, the proper training, and the guidance of an experienced shooter.
 Shotguns are made for moving targets, so aiming is a little different than a rifle. Move
the shotgun along the arc of your target and keep it moving even after you pull the
trigger.
 Rather than carefully squeezing the trigger like you would a rifle, pull the trigger
quickly when shooting a shotgun.
 Be prepared for recoil. This is why your stance and grip is so important.
Can You Shoot Shotguns at a Range?

Because of their design and intended use, shotguns can be shot at an outdoor shooting
range. While at a public range, you should never shoot anything other than slugs. Buckshots
and birdshots shoot a pattern of pellets that spread out as they head downrange. The shooting
range should be designed to handle that and will let you know if it’s allowed. Otherwise, stick
to slugs (single, solid projectiles) at a shooting range.
EXAMPLE OF SHOTGUN

Break-action shotguns.
Break-action shotguns have a hinge between the barrel and the stock that allows you to
“break” or open the barrel to expose the breech in order to load your ammo. If you’ve ever
seen pictures of old big game hunters or cowboys holding a shotgun, they were probably
holding a break-action shotgun. Break-action shotguns are usually double-barreled, with the
barrels either side-by-side or placed one on top of the other. They’re typically used by hunters
and sport shooters. The big disadvantage of break-action shotguns is that they’re single shot
guns, meaning once you fire the single round in each barrel, you have to reload.
3. HANDGUN

There are so many types of handguns, so this is a tough question to answer. It really
depends on personal preference. Some of the most popular handguns include the Glock 19,
CZ 75B, S&W Shield, Browning Hi Power, and Heckler and Koch VP9, which are all a 9mm
handgun caliber. This caliber is generally considered the best handgun for home defense and
the best concealed carry handgun because it’s light, accurate, and powerful. The most
powerful handgun is considered by many to be the Smith & Wesson .44 Magnum, which you
can shoot at The Range 702.
How to Hold a Handgun

You want to have a very firm grip on your handgun and practice your grip before
shooting. How you hold your handgun can have a significant effect on your accuracy!
Remember to keep the space between your thumb and trigger finger as high on the grip as
possible. This will help with the recoil of the gun as you’re shooting. Use your other hand to
cover the rest of the grip with your fingers pointing down at a 45-degree angle. Then, wrap
your fingers around the grip tightly with your non-dominant thumb running along the frame.

How to Shoot a Handgun

Don’t let some of these action films fool you – you shouldn’t be shooting a handgun
sideways or at an angle, from your hip, or even with just one hand if you’re not an
experienced shooter. The best way to shoot a handgun is by using the correct stance and grip
to do it safely and accurately. You want to make sure your forearm is in line with the gun to
absorb the recoil and use both hands to maximize your grip. When you are ready to pull the
trigger, you should do so very slowly. If you jerk the trigger too hard and abruptly, it will
affect your accuracy. The slower you pull the trigger, the better your shot will be.

How to Clean a Handgun

If your handgun is dirty or not properly lubricated, it may result in malfunctions when
fired. The best way to clean a handgun is to maintain and lubricate the firearm as soon as
possible after use.

First, you’ll need to partially disassemble the handgun so you can clean the major
components, including the inside of the barrel. Use a bore brush and cleaning rod with the
appropriate solvent to remove dust and buildup before applying lubricant. You can also apply
some gun oil or metal preservative to the exterior of the handgun. Remember to always make
sure your handgun is NOT loaded before cleaning.
EXAMPLE OF HANDGUN

4. REVOLVER

A revolver
is a type of
handgun
that has a
cylinder that
contains
multiple
chambers,
each
holding a
single
cartridge.
This
cylinder
revolves or
spins with
each cock
of the
hammer,
which is
why these
handguns
are referred
to as
revolvers.
Revolver
shooting is
a popular
activity for
shooting
enthusiasts, and you can definitely shoot a revolver at a shooting range. There are even
revolvers that shoot multiple calibers, so you can add versatility to your collection while
saving on the cost of ammunition.

How Does a Revolver Work?

Rather than feeding cartridges from a magazine as you’ll find with other handguns, a revolver
has a cylinder that feeds rounds into the barrel before shooting. When the gun’s hammer is
cocked, one of the chambers aligns with the barrel. Pulling the trigger then fires the round.
Each round must be loaded individually into the chambers of the cylinder.
How to Shoot a Revolver

Most of the principles of shooting a revolver the right way are similar to that of
shooting a handgun. You want to make sure you have a balanced stance and a good grip to
absorb the gun’s recoil, and feel comfortable with the firearm and what to expect. You should
squeeze the trigger slowly rather than jerking it, so you maintain good control of the revolver.
The Range 702 carries a variety of revolvers, and our experienced instructors can show you
exactly how to shoot them the right way.

Invented
Samuel Colt developed the first mass-produced, multi-shot, revolving firearms.
Various revolving designs had been around for centuries, but precision parts couldn't be made
with available technologies. Colt was the first to apply Industrial Age machining tools to the
idea. Mass production made the guns affordable. Reliability and accuracy made the Colt a
favorite of soldiers and frontiersmen. The Colt depicted is a Third Model Dragoon percussion
revolver (ca. 1853). A Colt with such lavish decoration and gold inlay is extremely rare.
How to Clean a Revolver

Generally, a universal gun kit will have everything you need to clean a revolver. The
best way to clean a revolver is to prepare all your cleaning supplies and tools beforehand.
Have everything ready to go on a clean flat surface before disassembling your weapon. You
want to stay organized so you don’t miss any steps or mishandle any parts. There are rods
made specifically to clean different calibers of revolvers, so it’s worth looking into them if
you want to give your revolver a thorough cleaning.

 EXAMPLE REVOLVER

The Colt Revolving Belt Pistol or Navy Pistol, sometimes erroneously referred to as

"Colt Revolving Belt Pistol of Naval Caliber" or "of Navy Caliber" (Naval is heavy gun and
Navy Size Caliber was termed later for another Colt model), is a cap and ball revolver that
was designed by Samuel Colt between 1847 and 1850. Colt first referred to this Revolver as
the Ranger Size model, and then Revolving Belt, but the designation "Navy" quickly took
over.
After the Civil War, revolvers using fixed metallic cartridges came into widespread use. The
Colt Navy remained in production until 1873, being replaced in the Colt line with what would
become one of the manufacturer's most famous handguns, the Colt Single Action Army (also
known as the Peacemaker and Colt 45).
Total production numbers of the Colt 1851 Navy Revolver were exceeded only by the Colt
Pocket models in concurrent development, and numbered some 215,000 domestic units and
about 42,000 produced in the Colt London Armory.
5. Machine Gun
The ATF has a very specific definition of a machine gun for the purposes of the National
Firearms Act. According to the ATF, the term
“machine gun” means:
 Any weapon which shoots, is designed to
shoot, or can be readily restored to shoot,
automatically more than one shot without
manual reloading, by a single function of
the trigger
 The frame or receiver of any such weapon.
 Any part designed and intended solely and
exclusively or combination of parts
designed and intended for use in
converting a weapon into a machinegun, or
 Any combination of parts from which a machine gun can be assembled if such parts
are in the possession or under the control of a person.
When Were Machine Guns Invented?

The first fully automatic machine gun was invented in the United States in 1884 by
Hiram S. Maxim. It was the first firearm that was able to fire multiple rounds without having
to reload. However, they depended on an operator pulling a crank to fire the bullets. The
Maxim machine gun was used during the American Civil War. Before that was the Puckle
Gun, which some consider to be the first machine gun, invented by London lawyer, James
Puckle, in 1718. It was an early automatic weapon, but could only fire nine shots per minute.
Modern machine guns have come a long way since then, with the ability to fire multiple
rounds with just the single pull of a trigger.

How Does a Machine Gun Work?

Most modern machine guns are rifles with long, grooved bores. The barrel receives
the bullet as it’s propelled forward and the grooves spin the bullet so it fires straight when it
exits. At one end of the barrel is a mechanism called the firing pin. When you pull the trigger,
the firing pin hits the primer in the round and makes the bullet fire. This is how the “gun” part
of a machine gun works.

Next is the “machine” part of a machine gun. When the bullet fires, it goes one way
while the casing goes another. The energy produced by that bullet and casing is used to
operate a spring bolt. As this bolt is pushed backward after the bullet fires, it extracts and
ejects the casing. Then as the bolt hits the spring and starts moving forward again, it will
force another bullet into the barrel and hit the firing pin. This cycle continues as long as the
machine gun trigger is being pulled. This process generally applies to both heavy machine
guns and light machine guns.

What is the Difference Between a Machine Gun and an Assault Rifle?

There are some key differences between a machine gun and an assault rifle. Most
notably, a machine gun only has one firing option, which is fully automatic fire. All assault
rifles are considered to be machine guns because they have this setting. However, assault
rifles can also have semi-automatic firing options. Assault rifles typically are fed through a
magazine while some machine guns use belt-fed ammunition. Additionally, assault rifles fire
an intermediate cartridge while a machine gun is made for medium to long ranges.

To have the full experience of shooting a machine gun without the extravagant price
of purchasing one, check out the Machine Gun Vault at The Range 702. You can choose to
shoot an individual gun or reserve a full shooting experience.
What Is the Difference Between Submachine Gun and Light Machine Gun?
The difference between a submachine gun vs. machine gun is that it uses handgun
ammunition. The iconic Tommy machine gun fires .45 caliber handgun rounds, making it a
submachine gun. Other machine guns fire rifle rounds. A light machine gun is designed to be
used by a single individual without needing the assistance of another person to fire the
weapon.

EXAMPLE OF MACHINE GUN

The M2 machine gun or Browning .50 caliber machine gun (informally, "Ma

Deuce"[9][10]) is a heavy machine gun that was designed towards the end of World War
I by John Browning. Its design is similar to Browning's earlier M1919 Browning machine
gun, which was chambered for the .30-06 cartridge. The M2 uses Browning's larger and more
powerful .50 BMG (12.7 mm) cartridge. The design has had many designations; the official
U.S. military designation for the current infantry type is Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .50,
M2, HB, Flexible. It is effective against infantry, unarmored or lightly armored vehicles and
boats, light fortifications, and low-flying aircraft.
The gun has been used extensively as a vehicle weapon and for aircraft armament by
the United States since the 1930s. It was heavily used during World War II, the Korean War,
the Vietnam War, the Falklands War, the Soviet–Afghan War, the Gulf War, the Iraq War,
and the War in Afghanistan. It is the primary heavy machine gun of NATO countries and has
been used by many other countries as well. U.S. forces have used the M2 longer than any
other firearm except the .45 ACP M1911 pistol, which was also designed by John Browning.
The current M2HB (heavy barrel) is manufactured in the U.S. by General
Dynamics[11] Ohio Ordnance Works,[12] and U.S. Ordnance[13] for use by the U.S. government,
and for allies via Foreign Military Sales, as well as by foreign manufacturers such as FN
Herstal.

SOURCES:
https://www.therange702.com/shooting-range-guide/firearm-types/?
fbclid=IwAR1emMQ5BZ1FQKivvKO3IqDRmZFGoqtg5JH7_EOtaPv0EzUAiHrhCs0diKw

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm

https://www.britannica.com/technology/M16-rifle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt_1851_Navy_Revolver#/media/
File:Colt_Model_1851_Navy_Percussion_Revolver,_serial_no._2_MET_LC-68_157_2-
014.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2_Browning
 TEODORO M. LUANCING COLLEGE OF ROSARIO
Namunga, Rosario Batangas

DIFFERENT
KINDS OF
FIREARM
(PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4)
Prepared by: Submitted to:

FLORES, MA. TERESA T. Mr. RENE DIMAANO

BS CRIMINOLOGY STUDENT PE INSTRUCTOR