15 Double Integration Method

MODULE 3:
Classical Methods of Structural

Analysis for Translations
(deflections) and Rotations of
Statically Determinate Structures
Structural Theory
CEng 135
Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Instructor
LESSON 3.1
DOUBLE INTEGRATION
METHOD
Structural Theory
CEng 135
Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Instructor
DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD
DEFLECTIONS
The deformation of a beam is usually expressed in terms of its deflection from
its original unloaded position.
The deflection is measured from the original neutral surface of the deformed
beam.
C
deflection, ∆, 𝛿, y
C’
deformed shape/ elastic curve

SLOPE/ ROTATION
The rotation at any point of the elastic curve is measured by computing the
slope of the tangent line to the point considered.
𝑑𝑦
D Slope/rotation 𝜃, , y’
𝑑𝑥
deformed shape/ elastic curve

𝑑𝑦 Try in your calculator:
or y’ = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = m = tan 𝜃 (Set your angle settings to rad)
𝑑𝑥
For small values of 𝜃: tan 𝜃 ≈ 𝜃 Try:

tan 0.00001 = 0.00001
METHODS OF DETERMINING DEFLECTIONS
1. Double Integration Method

2. Area-Moment Method
3. Conjugate Beam Method Geometric Methods
4. Three-Moment Equation
5. Castigliano’s Theorem
(Strain-Energy Method) Work-Energy Methods
6. Virtual Work Method
ELASTIC BEAM
THEORY
The method is suitable only for elastic deflections for which the beam’s
slope is very small. Furthermore, the method considers only deflections due
to bending.

ELASTIC DEFORMATION
The deformation is termed Elastic Deformation if the deformations
disappear and the structure regains its original shape when the actions
causing the deformations are removed.
INELASTIC (or PLASTIC) DEFORMATION

The permanent deformations of structures.
LINEAR ELASTIC DEFORMATION
Deformations that vary linearly with applied loads.
Make equation M for 𝑀1

each segment where
loading is continuous.

each segment where

each segment where
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 MOMENT
𝑬𝑰 𝟐 = 𝑴 EQUATION
𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒅𝒚 SLOPE
𝑬𝑰 = න 𝑴𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪𝟏 EQUATION
𝒅𝒙 𝟎
𝒂 𝒂
𝑬𝑰𝒚 = න න 𝑴𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 DEFLECTION
𝟎 𝟎 EQUATION
𝐶1 and 𝐶2 are constants of integration to

be evaluated using the boundary
conditions.
TIP IN USING DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

in multiple segments
▪ cut at the last segment of the beam.
▪ use pointed bracket , so you could be reminded that

the value inside the pointed bracket should not be a
negative value. If the value inside the pointed bracket is
negative, it shall not be included in the computation.
▪ cut at the last segment of the beam.
▪ use pointed bracket , so you could be reminded that the

value inside the pointed bracket should not be a negative
value. If the value inside the pointed bracket is negative, it
shall not be included in the computation.
𝑥
𝑀
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 MOMENT
𝑬𝑰 𝟐 = 𝑴 EQUATION
𝒅𝒙
𝒂
𝒅𝒚 SLOPE
𝑬𝑰 = න 𝑴𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪𝟏 EQUATION
𝒅𝒙 𝟎
𝒂 𝒂
𝑬𝑰𝒚 = න න 𝑴𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒙 + 𝑪𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 DEFLECTION
𝟎 𝟎 EQUATION

conditions.

conditions.
SIGN CONVENTION
DEFLECTION
UPWARD
DEFLECTION
(+) (positive, +)
DOWNWARD
(-) DEFLECTION
(negative, -)
SIGN CONVENTION
POSITIVE SLOPE
SLOPE (+)
(+) 0
NEGATIVE SLOPE
(-)
(-) 0
ZERO SLOPE
(horizontal) (at maximum
deflection)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 1
A simply supported beam 10 m long carries a uniform load of 24 kN/m. Using E =
200 GPa and I = 240 x 106 mm4.
a. Determine the rotation of the beam at a point 4 m from the left support, in radians.
b. Determine the deflection at a point 4 m from the left support, in mm.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 2
A beam 15 m long is simply supported at its ends. The beam is loaded with a
downward vertical load of 120 kN at a point 10 m from the left support.
a. The maximum deflection is located at what distance, in m, from the left support?
b. Calculate the maximum deflection, in mm.
c. Calculate the rotation of the beam at the right support, in radians.
COURSEWORK 4
The cantilever beam shown carries a uniform load of 5 kN/m on the 3-m portion of
the beam and a counterclockwise couple of 60 kN-m acting at 1 m from the
fixed support. Assume EI = 200 kN-m2.
a. Compute the slope at B.
b. Compute the angle of rotation at D.
c. Compute the deflection at D.
DON’T FORGET TO
SUBSCRIBE!
Does anyone have any
questions? THANKS!
Send your questions to:
[email protected]

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MODULE 3:

Classical Methods of Structural

Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.

deformed shape/ elastic curve

deformed shape/ elastic curve

For small values of 𝜃: tan 𝜃 ≈ 𝜃 Try:

METHODS OF DETERMINING DEFLECTIONS

1. Double Integration Method

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

INELASTIC (or PLASTIC) DEFORMATION

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

Make equation M for 𝑀1

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

Make equation M for 𝑀2

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

Make equation M for 𝑀3

𝐶1 and 𝐶2 are constants of integration to

TIP IN USING DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

▪ cut at the last segment of the beam.

▪ use pointed bracket , so you could be reminded that

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

▪ cut at the last segment of the beam.

▪ use pointed bracket , so you could be reminded that the

DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

𝐶1 and 𝐶2 are constants of integration to

𝐶1 and 𝐶2 are constants of integration to

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