ENG1
ENG1
ENG1
ORAL COMMUNICATION
SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 1 DAY 1 and 2
PART 1: CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION AND YOU
Lesson 1 Definition of Communication
Lesson 2 The Importance of Communication
At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to:
a. Define the communication;
b. Explore the different definition of communication from the experts;
c. Identify the importance of communication in many aspects;
d. Reflect from the different importance communication.
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Communication - the exchanging or imparting ideas and information.
Sender – the person who creates and transmits the message.
Receiver – the one who receives understand, analyzes and interprets the message.
Channel- the way or device used to transmit the message.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
What is communication?
The term communication was derived from the Latin word “communis” refers to “common opinion” or “general point of
view” or probably when we say communication it is the exchanging or imparting ideas and information.
Most of us assume we know more or less what communication is and the important role it plays in our lives. Analyze some
other definitions:
According to Comeaux (1996) “A transaction in which participants are mutually engaged in the process of creating
meaning.” It means that, communication requires the commitment of both communicators to get the thought or to have a
deeper understanding on the topic they are discussing.
For Hill Watson’s perspective (1997) “The communication process begins when a message is conceived by a sender. It is
then encode-translated to a signal or a sequence of signals and transmitted by a particular medium or channel to a receiver who
then decodes it and interprets the message, returning a signal in some way that the message has or has not been understood.”
The sender and receiver are both playing a very vital role in the process of communication. The sender is the one who formulates
the topic and transmits the message to the receiver while the receiver will be the one who decodes or understands the idea of
the message and responsible as well to impart his feedback for them to have a very meaningful conversation.
Harvest Missions International (2002) states that “Communication is a process where audience understanding is created
when a message is sent by a communicator through an appropriate channel or medium.” It says that choosing an appropriate
channel or medium of communication is very important in delivering and understanding the message. Now, what do you mean
by channel or medium? It is a device or a platform that is being used in sending a message.
Channels can be spoken or written words, telephone, radio, television. The understanding of the communicators on the
context of the messages will depend on the medium that they will be using, because as communicators it is their responsibility
to choose the appropriate medium of communication to avoid some communication barriers that may hinder the conversation.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Encoding – it is the process of sending the message
Decoding – it is the process of interpreting or understanding the message after receiving the message from the
sender.
Channel – is a device or platform used by communicators to send the message.
Noise - is anything that hinders or distracts the conversation as it goes along.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
1. The sender begins the conversation but before he sends the message, he must first
encode it.
2. After encoding the information, that’s the time that he will send the message to the
receiver.
3. The message is delivered through the use of channel.
4. After receiving the information, the receiver will now decode the message in
accordance to his understanding.
5. After decoding the message, he gives a feedback to the sender.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
Let us discuss further the process communication and try to understand some of its components.
Encoding – it is the process of sending the message. Throughout the process of encoding the sender modifies his thoughts
into words, letters, pictures, or an action. To become an effective sender, you must encode your message on the easiest
way to understand.
Decoding – it is the process of interpreting or understanding the message after receiving the message from the sender.
Channel –is a device or platform used by communicators to send the message. It can be through telephone, television,
radio, spoken or written words, gestures etc.
Noise - is anything that hinders or distracts the conversation as it goes along. Noise can be classified as internal or external.
External Noise – these are the sounds produced by the environment where the communication takes place.
Internal Noise –pertains to mental disturbances
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
9.___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 2 DAY 2
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Verbal Communication – this type uses words to communicate, it can be written or oral.
Non-Verbal Communication – does not require words to communicate.
Kinesics – body language or body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye movements
Proxemics –the distance set by the sender; distance between the sender and the receiver.
Tactile – the use of touch.
Object – the use of material things to convey a message.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
1. One-Way Communication
This type of communication is the simplest type because it only shows a simple conversation. It is called one-way
because it doesn’t show a feedback so it is unknown if the receiver understands the message.
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LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
3. Transactional Model
This type shows a more realistic illustration of conversation because as we talk to other, we encounter
communication barriers that hinder our conversation. The transactional model also shows an active style because the
communicators take place the role of each other. Because of exchanging of thoughts on a certain topic, the first sender
becomes the receiver and vice versa.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
A. Verbal Communication – this type uses words to communicate, it can be written or oral.
Written Communication (Examples: text messages, letters, books, newspapers, announcements, reports, manuals,
resumes, magazines)
Oral Communication (Examples: face to face conversations or casual talks, discussion, phone call)
B. Non-Verbal Communication – does not require words to communicate and can be categorized into:
1. Kinesics – body language or body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye movements
2. Proxemics –the distance set by the sender; distance between the sender and the receiver.
C. Paralanguage – refers to the vocal aspect. It includes the tone, pitch, volume, shout, laughter, moan, yell, and the like.
D. Tactile – the use of touch.
E. Object – the use of material things to convey a message.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
_________________4. This type shows that the sender sends the information and the receiver responded by giving his
feedback.
_________________5. This type uses words to communicate, it can be written or oral.
_________________6. The use of material things to convey a message.
_________________7. Refers to the vocal aspect. It includes the tone, pitch, volume, shout, laughter, moan, yell, and
the like.
_________________8. Examples: face to face conversations or casual talks, discussion, phone call
_________________9. Body language or body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye movements
_________________10. Shows an active style because the communicators take place the role of each other.
B. Draw and label the following diagrams: (5 pts. each)
1. The Proxemic Zones
2. Transactional Model
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 3 DAY 1
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Ethos deals with the character of the speaker wherein the speaker always wanted to show how credible he is in
front of the audience.
Pathos pertains to the emotional influence of the speaker to the audience because it aims to persuade and needs
to contemplate the emotional state of the audience.
Logos refers to logical reasoning.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
A. Linear Model - this model shows a one - way communication wherein the sender sends the message using a channel.
There are different types of linear model of communication.
1. Shannon - Weaver's Communication Model
This model is the "mother of all models" because it is composed of the basic elements and also it shows some
reasons why conversations isn't successful.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
This mechanical and mathematical model was developed by an American mathematician Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-
2001) and American scientist Warren Weaver (1894-1978). Their aim here was to seek information on how messages could be
converted into electronic signals and how those signals will be transmitted with least error. Originally it was "A Mathematician
Theory” made by Shannon alone in 1948. Weaver reprinted the article with some modification to gratify to general audience in
1949.
2. Aristotle's Model
As we all know, Aristotle is a Greek philosopher and scientist and trained in medicine before studying Philosophy
under Plato.
This model basically focuses on his speaker and his speech. It is commonly used in public speaking that’s the
diagram shows a one - way communication. The sender and the message are the main focus of this model because the
sender has to effectively deliver the message to large number of audiences. Aristotle's Rhethoric explains the three
modes of persuasion or appeal to classify the speaker's appeal to the audience: ethos, pathos, logos.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
Ethos
Ethos deals with the character of the speaker wherein the speaker always wanted to show how credible he is in
front of the audience. According to Aristotle, to become a credible speaker he must possess competence, empathy, and
good intention.
Pathos
Pathos pertains to the emotional influence of the speaker to the audience because it aims to persuade and needs
to contemplate the emotional state of the audience.
Logos
Logos refers to logical reasoning. An effective speaker knows how to present the truth to his audience. Proofs
include (1) logical reasoning. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive, inductive reasoning is the presentation of
data/proof before setting up a conclusion from the data while the deductive reasoning begins with premises or
statements that are assumed to be true then creating another truth from these statements.
The model shows the five components: communicator, message, medium, receiver, and effect. This model focuses
on the effect after the message sent using a certain channel.
5. White's Model
Eugene White shows a sequence of happening in a
communication using the diagram below.
A. Thinking - feeling, desire, or an emotion.
B. Symbolizing - before the speaker speaks, he has to know
the code of oral language with which symbolize his ideas
to make selection.
C. Expressing - the speaker uses his vocal ability to produce
sounds and associated by facial expressions, body
stance, and gestures.
D. Transmitting - this stage is wherein the sound waves are
spreading at 1,000 feet per second and waves of
light travelling at a speed of 186, 000 miles per second.
E. Receiving -when the sound waves touched the listener's
ears it reaches the brain via auditory nerve.
F. Decoding - during this stage, the listener interprets the
message based on his understanding.
G. Feedbacking - the way how the receiver responds to the message
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H. Monitoring - while the speaker watches for signs of reception or understanding of his message among his listeners
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LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
5. Aristotle's Model
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 3 DAY NO. 2
PART 1: CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION AND YOU
Lesson 6 Communication Models
Differentiate the various models of communication
Distinguish the unique features of one communication process from the other.
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Interactive - mutually or reciprocally active
Transactional - a communicative action or activity involving two parties or things that reciprocally
affect or influence each other
Field of Experience - this refers to experience, knowledge, beliefs, culture, situation, channel, and
language.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
B. Interactive Model
Also called convergence model, Interactive model is a two - way communication process because the sender and the
receiver are exchanging ideas with one another. The exchanging of ideas make the sender become a receiver or vice-versa.
The interactive model shows is components of four components such as the encoder-source-decoder, message, feedback,
and the field of experience.
1. Encoder-Source-Decoder - the person who initiates to send the message. The source is the encoder when he/she sends the
message and will become a decoder when receives the message.
2. Message - the information sent in every conversation.
3. Feedback - the response after receiving the message.
4. Field of Experience - this refers to experience, knowledge, beliefs, culture, situation, channel, and language.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
According to Wilbur Lang Schramm (1970-1987) who is an American scholar and authority on mass communication,
communication is a two-way process because the sender and the receiver are exchanging ideas meaning as they go along with the
conversation both of them can be either the sender or the receiver. Communication is completely done when the receiver gives his
feedback to the sender.
The illustration above illustrates the importance having source's and destination's field of experience in process of
communication. Individual divergence in experience, intellect, beliefs, and culture have different explanation of a message.
An American psychologist Charles Egerton Osgood (1916-1991) and American scholar Wilbur Lang Schramm (1970-1987)
designed the ”Osgood & Schramm Communication Model" also known as "Encode - Decode Model of Communication" in 1954. In
this model the encoder and decoder are the two most important component because both sender and receiver can exchange roles
during the conversation.
The circular model shows a non-ending interaction because it is necessary to assess the feedback if the message is
understood or not. During the communication process, the encoder and the receiver takes place the role of one another and the
meaning of the message depends on the effectiveness of encoding and decoding of information.
C. Transactional Model
This model helps the communicators to engage into a transaction of exchanging message and it makes the elements
independent.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
In 1967, Frank E. X. Dance proposed this model and as you can see it was inspired by a helix. A helix is a curve in three
dimensional shape like a cylinder or a cone. This model simply shows the progression of the human's ability to communicate starting
from the bottom part. For a baby, he cries when he is angry, hurt, or even when feels uncomfortable as he grows and learns to utter
words, widens his vocabulary, his ways of communicating are getting better.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
A. Illustrate and label the diagram of following communication models (5 pts. each)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQu2D7020Sc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nh1_Z36sIMQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05FMqwe70Ws
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 4 DAY NO. 1
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Speaking skills is the ability to talk at any time and in any situation.
Communication barrier is anything that prevents us from receiving and understanding the messages others use to
convey their information, ideas and thoughts.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
A. Speaking Skills
In 2014, Bruce Woodcock said that "Effective spoken communication requires being able to express your ideas and views
clearly, confidently and concisely in speech, tailoring your content and style to the audience and promoting free
flowing communication." When speaking, you must consider the following:
1. Be clear and concise
2. Vary your tone, pace, and volume
3. Use gestures and body language
4. Apply persuading and negotiating terms
5. Encourage questions
6. Be interesting
B. Listening Skills
Listening what you said, getting the message, and understanding the speaker's emotions. A conversation becomes
beneficial if both communicators are attentively listening. Woodcock assumes that attentive listening builds a rapport and
understanding with each other while the poor listening might lead into misconception of ideas.
1. Listen attentively.
2. Be sensitive to other's body language (eye contact and gestures) and speech (appropriate humor and analogies).
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
3. Make effective use of body language. Use appropriate body language yourself. Face the person with an open,
attentive posture. Maintain good eye contact by looking at the speaker most of the time, but not staring at him/her.
Smile and appropriately nod your head from time to time.
4. Be aware of any prejudices or misconceptions you or the speaker may have (like differences of view on religion, social
issues, global issues). Avoid giving your own judgment and criticisms.
5. Provide feedback. Express your agreement or disagreement tactfully.
6. Use active listening.
a. Clarify understanding by paraphrasing and repeating key points.
b. Allow the speaker to confirm or correct your feedback.
c. Encourage the speaker to elaborate by asking questions.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 4 DAY 2
PART 1: CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION AND YOU
Lesson 9 Intercultural Communication
a. Explain how cultural differences affect communication
b. Demonstrate sensitivity to the socio-cultural dimension of communication situation with focus on culture, gender,
age, social status, and religion.
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Cultural diversity - the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
Culture - relating to the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a society.
Intercultural -the definition of intercultural is something that occurs between people of different cultures
including different religious groups or people of different national origins.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Culture
The culture of Philippines embraces different traditions because of the colonization. With the traditions, it's a mixture of
traditional Filipino and Spanish Catholics with influences by the Americans. The Filipinos are known for being religious, appreciative
with arts, music, fashion, and food. Sometimes there are misunderstandings because of the cultural practices and traditions and we
must embrace and understand those differences.
Intercultural Communication
People loves to interact with each other especially those who share same ways and values of doing things. Yet,
communications happen with people who's having different or same culture. Intercultural communication refers to communication
between people from different cultural groups. Thus, they have different values, character, and even ways of communicating. Some
could be direct and frank when talking, while others are cautious. Intercultural communication demands sensitivity and being able to
understand one another. Considering the different cultural differences, communicators must show a good attitude to one another
to have a prosperous conversation.
Functions of Communication
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
1. Regulation/Control
Communication can control a person's behavior and attitude in different ways. A company uses effective communication
strategies to maintain discipline in the workplace. An example of this is sending memorandum and policies that may inform the
employees to understand clear guidelines and directions.
2. Social Interaction
Through the use of communication, it can help the people produce social interaction. In our daily lives, we need to develop
that bonding or relationship with our family, friends, colleagues etc.
3. Motivation
As a function of communication refers to a language to desires, likes, wants, inclinations, dislikes, choices and aspirations.
On a lighter note, communication is an attainable means to motivate people to do certain actions.
4. Information
Communication can be used for giving and getting information. The moment that conversation started, communicators will
now exchange information with each other.
5. Emotional Expressions
As humans, it is very important for us to show our emotions through verbal or non-verbal communication. There are
different ways for us show it and all we have to do to look for an outlet for us to release it. With that, people around you will
understand what you feel and if they do the same thing, you'll understand them as well.
1._____________________________________ 2. _______________________________________
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
3. ______________________________________ 4. ________________________________________
5.________________________________
PART 5: QUIZZES/ EVALUATION
A. Identification
_______________________1. As a function of communication refers to a language to desires, likes, wants, inclinations, dislikes,
choices and aspirations.
_______________________2. As humans, it is very important for us to show our emotions through verbal or non-verbal
communication.
_______________________3. Communication can be used for giving and getting information. The moment that conversation
started, communicators will now exchange information with each other.
_____________________4. Communication can control a person's behavior and attitude in different ways. A company uses
effective communication strategies to maintain discipline in the workplace.
_______________________5. As a function of communication refers to a language to desires, likes, wants, inclinations, dislikes,
choices and aspirations. On a lighter note, communication is an attainable means to motivate people
to do certain actions.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 5 DAY NO. 1
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Intrapersonal - occurring within the individual mind or self
Interpersonal - being, relating to, or involving relations between persons
Impersonal - having no personal reference or connection
Public - exposed to general view
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Intrapersonal
Intrapersonal communication pertains to communication with oneself. This type happens when a person is reflecting,
analyzing, contemplating an idea, or even decision making. It is also a form of reflective thinking as a result of an internal or
external stimulus. Internal stimuli refer to any sudden physical felt pain felt while the external stimuli cite anything seen which
triggers an intrapersonal reaction.
Communication with oneself takes place in different ways.
Examples:
1. Writing (i.e., list of grocery items, journal entries, computation of expenses)
2. Speaking aloud (repeating to oneself what one hears)
3. Internal monologue (i,e., calming oneself before an interview, appreciating the taste of food, laughing at a
funny thing suddenly you remembered, complaining about a difficult test)
4. Making gestures while trying to remember something
Interpersonal
Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal
and non-verbal messages: it is face-to-face communication. For interpersonal, it requires another person for you to do is type
of speech context.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
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GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
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Examples:
1. Couples 2. Family members 3. Close friends 4. Friends 5. Colleagues 6. Neighbors
Impersonal Communication
Impersonal communication talks about communication between two people who are not related to each other. It is also a
type of communication the refers to specific social roles.
Examples:
1. A waiter and a customer 2. A taxi driver and a passenger
3. A police officer and a lost foreigner 4. A bank teller and a depositor
Public
This type of speech context is also known as pubic speaking wherein the speaker is talking to a several number of people or
a big crowd. Public communications basically aim to persuade, give information, or to entertain.
Examples:
1. A sales agent promoting a new product
2. A fire survivor telling his inspiring story
3. A political candidate presenting his / her platform
4. A religious leader discussing the importance of humility
1. INTRAPERSONAL 2. INTERPESONAL
3. IMPERSONAL 4. PUBLIC
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LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
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A. Identification
______________1. Pertains to communication with oneself.
______________2. This type of speech context is also known as pubic speaking wherein the speaker is talking to a several number of
people or a big crowd.
______________3. It is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal
messages: it is face-to-face communication.
______________4. Communication talks about communication between two people who are not related to each other. It is also a
type of communication the refers to specific social roles.
Enumeration
6-9 Examples of Public Communication 10-13 Examples of Impersonal Communication
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 5 DAY NO. 2
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Casual- relaxed and unconcerned.
Consultative- intended to give professional advice or recommendations.
Formal - done in accordance with rules of convention or etiquette; suitable for or constituting an official or
important situation or occasion.
Frozen - treated, affected, or crusted over by freezing
Intimate- closely acquainted; familiar, close.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Intimate
In intimate style, the communication is private like talking to family members or very close friends. It does not require
to use formal words since you're talking with people that are very close to you.
There are two systematic features of intimate style: extraction and jargon. Extraction pertains to the
understanding of a message received because, the intimate style doesn't require background information therefore the
receiver can pull out the whole and exact meaning quickly. The next one is jargon, it refers to special words that are
used by a particular profession.
Examples:
1. FX (medical) - bone fracture
2. LOL (internet) - laugh out loud
3. TD (military) - military duty
4. DUI (law enforcement) - driving under the influence
5. Helicopter view (business) - overview of a job or project
Casual
It usually happens among friends and colleagues who are close to each other. The style speech, the communicators
are using informal language so meaning it is also being used in an informal event or scenario. The following are the
features of the casual style.
1. Ellipsis is used to show deletion of words. Ellipse sentences focus more focused on the meaning of the sentence than the
structure.
Examples:
a. Thank you. - Thanks.
b. It wasn't me dropped the figurine. - Not me
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LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
2. Grammar is simplified.
Examples:
a. I thought you could not make it. - I thought you couldn't make it.
b. I doubt that the concert starts early. - I doubt the concert starts early.
Consultative
This is commonly used in a semi-formal communication, sentences end to be shorter and spontaneous. In this style, the
speaker does not usually plan what he/she wants to say.
Examples: regular classroom discussions, doctor-patient, corporate meeting
Formal
This style is regularly being used in formal occasions just like graduation ceremonies and other occasions that cater a large
number of people. Formal style requires a bit of shared background information and also a little response from the audience.
The emcee prepares his message before the delivery and he carefully chooses words that are appropriate in the event.
Example:
May I present to you our new branch manager, Mr. Charles D. Armstrong
Frozen Style
The frozen style requires a lot of formal language and intended for very formal occasions attended by large number of
people. Examples of this are church service, state of the nation address, eulogy, and the like. The addressees aren't allowed to
ask questions and also the speaker must talk politely, appropriate vocabulary, and good grammar.
Example:
Let us thank the Lord Jesus Christ for His unending love, and beg for his forgiveness of our sins...
1. INITMATE - _____________________________________________________________________
2. CASUAL- _______________________________________________________________________
3. CONSULTATIVE - _________________________________________________________________
4. FORMAL - ______________________________________________________________________
5. FROZEN - _______________________________________________________________________
__________________1. It usually happens among friends and colleagues who are close to each other. The style speech, the
communicators are using informal language so meaning it is also being used in an informal event or
scenario. The following are the features of the casual style.
__________________2. This style is regularly being used in formal occasions just like graduation ceremonies and other occasions
that cater a large number of people. Formal style requires a bit of shared background information and also a
little response from the audience. The emcee prepares his message before the delivery and he carefully
chooses words that are appropriate in the event.
__________________3. This is commonly used in a semi-formal communication sentences end to be shorter and spontaneous.
In this style, the speaker does not usually plan what he/she wants to say.
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GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
__________________4. The frozen style requires a lot of formal language and intended for very formal occasions attended by large
number of people. Examples of this are church service, state of the nation address, eulogy, and the like. The
addressees aren't allowed to ask questions and also the speaker must talk politely, appropriate vocabulary,
and good grammar.
_________________5. In intimate style, the communication is private like talking to family members or very close friends. It does
not require to use formal words since you're talking with people that are very close to you.
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 6 DAY NO. 1
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Illocution - an act of speaking or writing which in itself effects or constitutes the intended action,
Locution - an utterance regarded in terms of its intrinsic meaning or reference, as distinct from its function or
purpose in context.
Perlocution - an act of speaking or writing which has an action as its aim but which in itself does not affect or
constitute the action, for example persuading or convincing.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
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STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
1. LOCUTIONARY ACT
a.____________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________
2. ILLOCUTIONARY ACT
a. ____________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________
3. PERLOCUTIONARY ACT
a. ____________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________
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TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 6 DAY NO. 2
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Nomination - the action of nominating or state of being nominated.
Repair - the action of fixing or mending something.
Restriction - a limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one.
Termination - the action of bringing something or coming to an end.
Topic Control - to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts
Topic Shifting - is a diversionary tactic in which one person in a discussion (the shifter) manages to subtly change
the discussion's topic to another
Turn - Taking - a type of organization in conversation and discourse where participants speak one at a time in
alternating turns.
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PART 3: DISCUSSION
NOMINATION
It is an address that is proposing a candidate for election in an organization. The best example for this one is the election of
classroom officers every start of the school year.
1. Introduction
The introduction includes the thesis statement, or the assertion.
Examples:
An effective company president, is one who is ....., and .....
Our country needs a ...... leader.
2. Body
The body of the paragraphs contain facts and evidences that support the thesis statement. Each paragraph must have
contain a topic sentence that is related to the thesis statement, and details that support it.
The second, third, and fourth paragraphs present the existence of a candidate who could be worthy for the position.
3. Conclusion
This is the last paragraph and it closes the essay by restarting the position or calling the listener for action.
RESTRICTION
Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. When communicating in the classroom, in a
meeting, or while hanging out with your friends, you are typically given specific instructions that you must follow. These
instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.
1. Create silence.
2. Ask a question.
3. Use gestures.
4. Make an eye contact.
Conversation Violations
A British and Emeritus Professor of English Language and Linguistics at Roehampton University, London, England
named Jennifer Coates, there are rules for us not to violate turn-taking type of communicative strategy.
1. Overlap. An overlap in conversation occurs when the listener think it is his turn and begins to speak. Thus, he overlaps
with the current speaker.
2. Interruption. Interruption happens when another speaker speaks when he/she sees that the current speaker is not going
to give the floor.
3. Grabbing the floor. A listener interrupts the current speaker and successfully takes over.
4. Hogging the floor. A speaker takes a long time on the floor and ignores others attempting to take the floor.
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5. Silence. It is often a sign of turn-taking violations, and can follow interruptions or when a speaker hogs the floor too long.
TOPIC CONTROL
Topic Control is a communicative strategy that is being used to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions
and topic shifts in a conversation and also, it is a process of sticking to the topic throughout the discussion. Topic control is
needed as there are some topics which are considered subversive or taboo. This may affect people's mind, invade their rights,
offend their sensibilities, or criticize a particular religion or tradition.
TOPIC SHIFTING
It refers to moving from topic to another. In this case, a new topic may be initiated by a speaker who's more
dominant in a conversation of by the listener after previous topic has been discussed or after a long pause during the
conversation. Sometimes, there are topics that comes up unexpectedly and changes the current topic. However, if the topic
shifting happens smoothly the flow of the conversation run continuously without experiencing any hindrances.
Example:
Mother to Joan: Your sister Yangyang wants you to go with her to province this weekend. Uncle and Auntie have been
longing to see you before they leave.
Joan: Aren't you coming with us mom?
Mother: You will go ahead Friday night, and I will take the afternoon trip on Saturday.
Joan: Okay, mom. By the way our dance lessons will start this weekend. We were told that a former Sexbomb dancer would
come every Saturday to give us some useful tips. May I join the lessons after this weekend?
REPAIR
A successful conversation depends on the communicators. If the speaker talks about something, the listener
provides his feedback and the feedback may not always be verbal to indicate attention. A participant may open his eyes
wide when surprised in a message or nod his head when he agrees on the message. He/She may also do minimal verbal
responses such as yes, umm, uh huh and many more. So basically, repair refers to how the speakers address the problems
in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
Face you
Let the other person know that sometimes you depend on speechreading – we all do, in fact, at different times –
to assist your hearing. In case of communication mishaps due to being unable to see your conversation partner’s mouth,
gently remind him or her to keep his or her mouth uncovered and to face you when speaking. Additionally, the person can
get your attention first, and avoid speaking from another room. If you’re having trouble due to lighting, suggest that you
move to another environment.
Rephrase
Some words, due to pitch or specific sounds, are more difficult to understand than others. If you’re having a hard
time, ask your communication partner to rephrase what he or she has said.
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STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
If you know what a conversation is about from the start, it’s much easier to infer what is being said or asked from the
context. If the topic of conversation has changed, ask your communication partner to provide the new topic to you.
Aside from asking the speaker for assistance in these ways, you can also:
Check and confirm what you heard. Say, “I think you said ___. Is that right?”
Have confidence in your abilities and guess. There’s a chance you are correct!
Anticipate by preparing. For example, before an event, learn the names of the people who will be there so you can
rely partially on your memory.
https://www.captel.com/2014/01/communication-repair-strategies-smooth-conversation/
TERMINATION
Termination in communication pertains to act of bringing one's speech to end. Every speech must be ended
effectively to leave a good mark to the audience.
Example:
Like dogs barking at thieves
Snakes hissing at intruders
Tigers guarding their food
We can also bark, hiss, and guard at enemies
We can protect the environment from more harm.
4. Title your speech with something catchy. This can be used as the closing statement.
Example:
Together, we can defeat our enemies.
Tell us your experience for types of communication strategy. Write your answer on the space provided.
NOMINATION
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RESTRICTION
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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TOPIC CONTROL
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TOPIC SHIFTING
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________1. It contain facts and evidences that support the thesis statement.
____________________2. It is an essential factor in maintaining a good conversation and establishing an adequate social
relationship. In a conversation, take your turn politely and give your listener's turn considerately.
____________________3. This is the last paragraph and it closes the essay by restarting the position or calling the listener for
action.
____________________6. It is a communicative strategy that is being used to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions
and topic shifts in a conversation and also, it is a process of sticking to the topic throughout the
discussion.
____________________7. Refers to how the speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they
may encounter in a conversation
____________________8. It refers to moving from topic to another.
____________________9. Pertains to act of bringing one's speech to end. Every speech must be ended effectively to leave a good
mark to the audience.
____________________10. Includes the thesis statement, or the assertion.
There are several types of communicative strategy: nomination, restriction, turn - taking (turn - giving), topic
control, topic shifting.
Nomination It is an address that is proposing a candidate for election in an organization.
Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
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GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
In every conversation, it is very important that each communicator knows when to take his turn to talk or speak.
Turn-taking is an essential factor in maintaining a good conversation and establishing an adequate social
relationship.
Topic Control is a communicative strategy that is being used to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions
and topic shifts in a conversation and also, it is a process of sticking to the topic throughout the discussion.
Topic shifting refers to moving from topic to another.
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 7 DAY NO. 1
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
PART 3: DISCUSSION
A speech is a formal address delivered to an audience. In a conversation, you are the speaker, your speech is the message,
and the audience is your listeners. There are the classifications of speech: according to purpose, expository/informative, persuasive,
and entertainment.
EXPOSITORY/INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Expository speech aims to instruct, educate, describing, or to give information to your listeners.
1. An exposition deals with one single interesting topic, but consists two or more subtopics to expound.
2. It begins with an introduction consisting of the thesis statement that expresses the main idea or topic and the
subtopics or main divisions of the speech. The importance of the information may also be presented.
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3. Each subtopic supports the thesis. It is developed and presented through definition, examples, comparison and contrast,
cause and effect, and classification.
Examples:
By Definition
Global warming is the increase of the temperature of the earth's atmosphere that results in the
warming of the earth
By Examples
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the most intelligent and creative persons who ever lived. He manifested
his very rate talent at an early age. He could read the Bible at five and could interpret it at seven. He started writing,
printing, and selling his poems at twelve in the streets of Boston, Massachussetts. He started his journalism career at
sixteen, and later one of America's noblest statesmen and renowned scientists. He invented a lot of useful and practical
devices. Using a kite in an experiment, he discovered that lightning and electricity are one.
Source: World Literature and Communication Arts by J.P. Gabriel
4. The speech has an effective conclusion. A speech is concluded by restating the thesis and the divisions of the topic.
Avoid disagreeing from the topic, or acting a new one.
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STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
A speech is a formal address delivered to an audience. In a conversation, you are the speaker, your speech is the
message, and the audience is your listeners.
Expository speech aims to instruct, educate, describing, or to give information to your listeners.
An exposition deals with one single interesting topic, but consists two or more subtopics to expound.
It begins with an introduction consisting of the thesis statement that expresses the main idea or topic and the
subtopics or main divisions of the speech. The importance of the information may also be presented.
Each subtopic supports the thesis. It is developed and presented through definition, examples, comparison and
contrast, cause and effect, and classification.
The speech has an effective conclusion. A speech is concluded by restating the thesis and the divisions of the topic.
Avoid disagreeing from the topic, or acting a new one.
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 7 DAY NO 2
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Conviction - a firmly held belief or opinion.
Debate - a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which opposing
arguments are put forward.
Entertainment - the action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment.
Legal Proceedings - action taken in a court to settle a dispute.
Persuasion - the action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Persuasive speech aims to convince listeners regarding on a particular issue that you believe in. This type of speech utilizes
solid evidence, examples, sound reasoning, and quotations from the experts and because of that it will be easier to make the
audience accept your point of view, or take a particular action. The speech is arranged in such a way that will help the audience to
accept all or some of the view expressed. Though the main goal of a persuasive speech is to convince the listeners to accept a point
of view, not all the listeners can be convinced by a single speech because they still have their own understanding regarding on the
perspectives that they will take in. The success of a persuasive speech is measured by the audience’s willingness to appraise the
speaker’s argument. Persuasive speeches can come in many forms, such as sales pitches, debates, and legal proceedings.
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An effective persuasive speech is composed of introduction body, and conclusion characterized by the following:
Note: An effective speaker speaks with conviction and uses words that are easy to understand and cites his/her sources
correctly.
According to Aristotle ....
The Commission on Human Rights states that ....
ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
Aside from entertaining, the other aims of the of the entertainment speech are to make the audience enjoy, laugh, smile,
and to relax as well.
Note: A good entertainment speaker uses bodily movements and delivers punch lines at the right time.
Record a short video clip while selling a product and dress up like a salesman/saleslady.
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TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 8 DAY NO. 1
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Manuscript - a book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.
Memorized - commit to memory; learn by heart.
Impromptu - done without being planned, organized, or rehearsed.
Extemporaneous - spoken or done without preparation.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
There are four types of speeches according to delivery: reading from a manuscript, memorized speech, impromptu speech,
and extemporaneous speech.
In reading from a manuscript, the speaker literally reads the written speech word for word. This type is usually applicable
for special occasions, because the speech was written maybe hours or days prior to the speaking arrangement.
Examples:
a. State of the Nation Address of the president.
b. A President's or Prime Minister's address to the Parliament of a Foreign nation
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. There is time for preparation, from gathering information and 1. Audience expects an excellent delivery.
writing the draft to revising the speech.
2. Looking at the copy prohibits eye contact with the audience.
2. There is time for practice.
3. Delivery of the speech is not spontaneous and natural.
3. Content, organization, and language may be improved.
PRACTICE
Inaugural Address of General Emilio Aguinaldo President of the Philippines (Delivered at Barasoain Church, Malolos,
Bulacan, on January 23, 1899)
Honorable Representatives:
I congratulate you upon having concluded your constitutional work. From this date, the Philippines will have a National Code to the
just and wise precepts of which we, each and every one of us, owe blind obedience, and whose liberal and democratic guarantees
also extend to all.
Hereafter, the Philippines will have a fundamental law, which will unite our people with the other nations by the strongest of
solidarities; that is the solidarity of justice, of law, and of right, eternal truths, which are the basis of human dignity.
I congratulate myself also on seeing my constant efforts crowned; efforts which I continued from the time I entered the battlefield
with my brave countrymen of Cavite, as did our brothers in other provinces with no arms, but bolos, to secure our liberty and
independence.
And finally, I congratulate our beloved people, who from this date will cease to be anonymous and will be able with legitimate pride
to proclaim to the universe the long coveted name of Philippine Republic.
We are no longer insurgents; we are no longer revolutionists; that is to say armed men desirous of destroying and annihilating the
enemy. We are from now on Republicans; that is to say, men of law, able to fraternize with all other nations, with mutual respect
and affection. There is nothing lacking, therefore, in order for us to be recognized and admitted as a free and independent nation.
Ah, Honorable Representatives! How much pain and bitterness do those passed days of Spanish slavery bring to our minds, and how
much hope and joy do the present moments of Philippine liberty awaken in us.
Great is this day, glorious is this date; and this moment, when our beloved people rise to the apotheosis of independence, will be
eternally memorable. The 23rd of January will be for the Philippines, hereafter a national feast, as is the Fourth of July for the
American nation. And thus, in the same manner that God helped weak America in the last century, when she fought against
powerful Albion (England), to regain her liberty and independence; He will also help us today in our identical goal, because the ways
of Divine Justice are immutably the same in rectitude and wisdom.
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A thousand thanks, honorable Representatives, for your parliamentary work, which enables us and establishes in a public and
authentic manner, that we are a civilized nation and also a brave one; worthy, therefore, of being freely admitted into the concerts
of nations.
You have justly deserved the gratitude of the country and of the government, in that you showed the entire world, by your wisdom,
sound sense, and prudence, that in this remote and heretofore unknown portion of the world, the principles of European and
American civilization are known, and more than known; that intelligence and hearts here are perfectly in accord with those of the
most civilized nations; and that notwithstanding the calumnious voice of our eternal detractors, there is here, finally, a national
spirit, which unites and forges together all Filipino hearts into a single idea and single aspiration to live independent of any foreign
yoke in the democratic shadow of the Philippine Republic.
For this reason, on seeing consecrated in our constitutional work the eternal principles of authority, of liberty, of order and justice,
which all civilized nations profess, as the most perfect guaranty of their actual solidarity, I feel strength, pride, and am sincerely
impelled, from the bottom of my heart to shout—
Long live their illustrious authors, the Representatives of the first Philippine Congress!
MEMORIZED SPEECH
Just like an actor preparing for his role on stage, a speaker can commit the information he wants to convey to memory.
The memorized speech is just that. It is the act of memorizing the speech to present it without using notes.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. There is time for preparation, from gathering information, 1. Audience expects an excellent delivery.
writing the draft, and revising the speech to memorizing it.
2. It tests the sharpness of human memory.
2. There is time to practice memorizing the speech and even the
gestures and bodily movements. 3. Some important points may be missed during the delivery.
3. Content, organization, and language may be improved. 4. The speaker must be quick-witted and good at making an
adlib.
IMPROPMPTU SPEECH
An impromptu speech is given with no time of preparation. When called to speak "off the cuff" on the "spur of the
moment," is usually because the speaker is quite knowledgeable about the subject. For example, if called on to speak in class, a
student might give a short impromptu speech about a topic that was in the assigned readings.
ADAVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. There is evident naturalness. 1. This type is not appropriate for subjects/topics that need
preparation.
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2. The listeners in this type show attention and interest to the 2. Unpreparedness affects the speaker's delivery and
speaker's ideas and how he/she delivers/expresses them. organization of his/her ideas.
PRACTICE
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
Extemporaneous speech is one of the most natural methods for delivering a prepared speech. You can use an
extemporaneous speech to achieve a more natural tone, flow and style with the audience. First, think about your topics and
anticipate the audience's reception to your speech. You can develop speech notes based on this preparation and use them to aid
you during the presentation.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. There is time for preparation, from writing the outline to 1. Accuracy of content and language use may be affected given
organizing one's thoughts. little time to prepare.
2. The speaker can deliver his/her speech with or without 2. Speaker is expected to have structured his/her speech well
his/her notes. during the given preparation time.
PRACTICE
1. Poverty
2. Death Penalty
3. Social Media
4. Covid-19 Pandemic
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STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4.
5.
MEMORIZED SPEECH
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4.
5.
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. 1.
2. 2.
3.
EXTEMPORANEIOUS
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. 1.
2. 2.
3.
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4.
There are four types of speeches according to delivery: reading from a manuscript, memorized speech, impromptu
speech, and extemporaneous speech.
In reading from a manuscript, the speaker literally reads the written speech word for word.
The memorized speech is the act of memorizing the speech to present it without using notes.
An impromptu speech is given with no time of preparation.
Extemporaneous speech is one of the most natural methods for delivering a prepared speech.
There are advantages and disadvantages in every types of speeches according to delivery.
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Purpose - the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.
Occasion - a particular time or instance of an event.
Theme - the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic.
Audience - the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
It could be difficult in choosing a topic, because there are many topic to choose and at the same time the subject might be
boring to others.
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1. Purpose
What is the general purpose of the speech again? Always remember the types of speeches according to
purpose: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
Examples:
To inform
How to bake
Importance of drinking 8 glass of water a day
Effects of excessive use of social media
To persuade
Promoting a new product
Requesting for a financial support
Encouraging people to observe social distancing
To entertain
Telling sunny jokes
A scary life experience
2. Occasion
In choosing a topic, we must consider the occasion because not all the topics are appropriate for every occasion.
For example, if it is a birthday party, the topic may be light. If it is solemn like a funeral service the topic should be serious. The
occasion has a vital role in choosing a topic to avoid talking out of place.
3. Theme
Often, a speaker is informed of the theme of the occasion. In such case, the speaker's speech must revolve around
this theme. How much information does the speaker know about the theme? The speaker can rely on his/her schema and
experiences related to the theme. From these, he/she can choose the topic mostly related to the theme.
4. Audience
We must also consider our audience in choosing a topic. Your speech in the birthday party of your 5-year old
brother must be different from mother's 52nd birthday celebration. Simply we must choose a topic that is understandable by a
certain classification of audience. Do they belong to the same religion? Are they students or professionals? Are they teens or adults?
Those are simple questions that might help you in choosing your topic based on your audience.
5. Time
Simple topics do not require much time; avoid the burden of discussing many details in just a very short period.
Always remember that listeners cannot retain as many points as they can so, choose a topic that has a very few divisions or key
points as they can hear.
Write at least two personal experiences that you've had in choosing a topic.
1. Purpose
a.
b.
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2. Occasion
a.
b.
3. Theme
a.
b.
4. Audience
a.
b.
5. Time
a.
b.
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TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 9 DAY NO. 1
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Citation - quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work.
Publication - the preparation and issuing of a book, journal, piece of music, or other work for public sale.
Article - a piece of writing included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or other publication.
Oral footnote - are internal references to the original source, cited at the point of presenting the information during
the speech.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
"If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough."
-Albert Einstein
Being a credible speaker is by having an ability to convince your audience. You can present enough information to your
audience if you are knowledgeable enough on the topic that you discuss with and the same time you need to present reliable data
and even evidence to build up your credibility as a speaker. Relying on your schema isn't enough, so collect and source information.
Having enough information will help you to carry out some oral footnotes during your speech because oral footnotes are your
internal references to the original source.
1. Direct Quotation
Let me quote Dr. Jose Rizal, The (educated) youth is the hope of the fatherland."
As Manuel L. Quezon put it, "It want our people to be like a molave tree, strong and resilient, standing hillsides, unafraid of
the rising tide, lightning and the storm, confident of its strength."
Emilio Aguinaldo said, "We cannot free ourselves unless we move forward united in a single desire."
2. Books
Citation involves title and author, most of the time the last name, and sometimes even the position of the author.
According to Montemayor, author of "Campus Journalism", a good interviewer respects "off the record comments".
In his book, "Being Happy!", Matthews posits that it is imperative that we are thankful for what we have, not only from a
spiritual point of view, but also from a scientific point of view.
Mention the publication name and date, author, and title of article.
Campbell wrote in the May 2016 issue article entitled "Why the Philippines elected 'the Punisher' as President" published in
Time Magazine, that if (Rodrigo) Duterte was politically outrageous, he was no outsider.
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STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
Vibrant Biodiversity," there are almost 500 species found and identified as confirmed by Professor Anchoindo.
4. Newspaper
Included the name of the newspaper and the date of the article. The author of the article should be mentioned especially
when/she is highly regarded.
An article titled "How to prevent 1 million coronary events in diabetes" published in the Philippine Star on August 17, 2014
said the key to achieving preventive success on this enormous scale is to attain composite risk factor.
A July 2016 article published in Manila Bulletin said that according to DILG Secretary Ismael Sueno, the common problems in
jails are lack of healthy food, limited toilet and bath facilities, inadequate water supply, poor sanitation, and lack of proper
healthcare.
5. Interviews
Mentioning the name and credentials of the person interviewed is necessary and also the date of the interview. Quote the
interview the second time during your speech, mention again the name of the person.
"In a television interview with Dr. Med D. Sinna, President of the PAP (Physicians Association of the philippines and physician
at Region 1 Hospital in Ilocos Sur, conducted on August 19, 2016, I learned that most Filipino patients are optimistic and ...."
6. Television Programs
Incorporate the name of the TV Program and the date of the original broadcast (and the name of the reporter, to enhance
your credibility).
As was reported in a July 2016 ABC-DEF special broadcast called "Eye of a Tiger," most drug users and pushers who
surrendered blamed poverty and unemployment.
7. Internet Documents
An oral footnote or an Internet document must contain the name the author and his credentials along with the date of the
most recent revision. If the author is not mentioned, insert the credentials of the sponsoring organization together with the date of
the most recent revision.
The Philippine Statistics Office, the national statistics agency, published a document online May 19, 2016. According to that
document, the population of the Philippines as of August 1, 2015 was 100, 981, 437, based on the 2015 Census of Population
(POPCEN 2015).
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GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
1. DIRECT QUOTATIONS
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2. BOOKS
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4. NEWSPAPERS
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5. INTERVIEWS
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6. TELEVISIONS
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7. INTERNET DOCUMENTS
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TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 9 DAY NO. 2
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Argumentative - given to expressing divergent or opposite views.
Fact - a thing that is known or proved to be true.
Value - he regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
1. Choose a topic, one that you are interested to and which the audience care about. If it is for an argumentative speech, get one
with two conflicting points of view. The speaker can explore the topic by listing down related ideas. Collect factual, accurate,
up-to-date, and accurate information from reliable sources through research and interview. Gather information on both sides
of the issue, because it is important to know the opposite side and also it provides more ideas that might help you to support
your position.
2. Write the introduction. The opening if the speech is like the fuse of a bomb. It must ignite your speech.
End it with the thesis statement by telling your position and make sure that the thesis is opinionated and, clear and concise,
and debatable.
A thesis may fall under one or two of the four types of claim.
a. Claim of Fact or Definition- argues that the way a term or idea is defined needs to be changed in some way.
b. Claim of Cause and Effect- claims that one event of thing caused another event.
c. Claim of Policy and Solution- argues that the way things are done needs to be changed for some reason.
d. Claims of Value- describes the worth of how a certain thing is viewed.
3. Organized the body paragraphs. Every paragraph should start with a topic sentence that states the main point.
Describe your side or the opposing side; present your viewpoint and support it with logical reasoning, related examples,
and facts that are generated from the materials you have gathered.
Remember to always end each paragraph with a sentence that explains how the evidence you provided proves your overall
point. See to it that the body of the paragraphs show CUE-Coherence (logical in order), Unity (related ideas), and Emphasis.
4. Write the concluding paragraph, without digressing from the topic or introducing any new information. Restate why the topic is
important and your position, and synthesize the information you presented in the body paragraphs.
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SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
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TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 10 DAY NO. 1
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Demography - he study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the
changing structure of human populations
Attitude - a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a
person's behavior.
Belief - an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists.
Values - the regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
It is important for a speaker to know some information or background about his/her audience. This audience analysis aids
the speaker to adjust and make his/her speech cater to the listeners.
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GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
a. Demographic Analysis
Always consider the ethnicity, age, educational level, gender, culture, race, and religion of your audience. The
interests of the elders might be different from the interests of the younger generation. Make sure that your viewpoints
do not offend if the listeners belong to the different cultures or religion.
b. Attitudinal analysis
This includes examining the attitude, beliefs, and values of your audience.
Attitude identifies what one likes and dislikes.
Belief refers to what one believes as true or false.
Values encompass a person's principles and standards of behavior and judgment on what is important.
c. Environmental Analysis
It encompasses the checking of the physical setup of venue like lighting, ventilation, and seating arrangement.
How many people are attending?
a. Eye contact
Are the listeners looking at you?
b. Facial expression
Do they look interested, or bored?
c. Posture
Are they still sitting properly? Are most of them slouching and on the verge of sleeping position?
d. Responsiveness
Verbal- Do they respond verbally (say yes or no) when asked?
Nonverbal- Do they respond to every point in your speech? Do they nod/shake their heads?
Do they laugh at certain points in your speech?
If you notice their inattention, you have to adapt to your audience.
Consider the following:
a. Pause for a while as if signaling that the next thing you are going to say is an important point they
must not miss.
b. Talk more to your audience.
c. Re-establish eye contact.
d. Ask questions.
e. Ask for feedback.
f. Inject appropriate humor.
g. Give an example.
h. Tell a related story (own experience, or an anecdote).
i. Discard boring details.
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b. Verbal responses- giving approving remarks (Great job!, Job well done!, or That was such an informative/interesting
talk).
c. Behavioral responses- participating in the expected output (signing up for membership, buying a product, voting a
candidate, giving donations)
d. Survey- filling out a survey form (writing what the liked about the speech, or what they learned from it.)
Assume that you are a part of a debating team, write a speech about your stand on the issue below through applying the
principles of speech writing.
"Resolve that all the schools, public and private, in the Philippines open their class in August."
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ENUMERATION
6-9 Adapting to the Audience during the Speech
It is important for a speaker to know some information or background about his/her audience. This audience
analysis aids the speaker to adjust and make his/her speech cater to the listeners.
This includes examining the attitude, beliefs, and values of your audience.
Always consider the ethnicity, age, educational level, gender, culture, race, and religion of your audience.
The listeners may either be giving their full or divided attention during the speech and be sensitive in observing
your audience through their nonverbal cues
how your audience responds to your speech through the following ways
Always consider the audience in preparing and delivering your speech.
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TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 10 DAY NO. 2
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
Modulation - the exertion of a modifying or controlling influence on something.
Presence - the state or fact of existing, occurring, or being present in a place or thing.
Gestures - a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.
Rapport - a close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's
feelings or ideas and communicate well.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
ARTICULATION
Articulation talks about how the clear pronunciation of words. It is important to speak clearly when delivering a speech to
catch your audience's attention. You will recognize your audience listening attentively if you are pronouncing the words clearly.
To make sure that you are pronouncing the words correctly, get a dictionary and practice the pronouncing the words before
delivering your speech.
MODULATION
This refers to the act of regulating one's pitch and tone of voice. A well-modulated voice is necessary in public speaking as it
enables the audience to clearly hear and understand the speech.
STAGE PRESENCE
Having a commanding stage presence reflects the speaker's confidence to speak in front of his/her audience or even a small
or big group. Being knowledgeable on the topic that you discussing will help you boost your confidence and suddenly it will
reflect on your stage presence. You can practice delivering your speech by recording or by taking a video clip of yours. Always
remember that too much mannerisms and unnecessary pauses might affect your delivery
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6. Dress appropriately, a little more formally than your audience in order to establish your credibility and authority.
7. Use positive humor or language.
8. Narrate brief stories or personal experiences that they can relate to.
1. ARTICULATION
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2. MODULATION
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3. STAGE PRESENCE
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