ENG1

ENGLISH 1
ORAL COMMUNICATION
SOUTH EAST-ASIA INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE FOR 1ST SEMESTER
GRADE 11 ENG 1: ORAL COMMUNICATION
STUDENT’S NAME: STRAND &SECTION:
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 1 DAY 1 and 2
PART 1: CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION AND YOU
Lesson 1 Definition of Communication
Lesson 2 The Importance of Communication
At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to:
a. Define the communication;
b. Explore the different definition of communication from the experts;
c. Identify the importance of communication in many aspects;
d. Reflect from the different importance communication.
PART 2: TERMINOLOGIES
 Communication - the exchanging or imparting ideas and information.
 Sender – the person who creates and transmits the message.
 Receiver – the one who receives understand, analyzes and interprets the message.
 Channel- the way or device used to transmit the message.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
What is communication?
The term communication was derived from the Latin word “communis” refers to “common opinion” or “general point of
view” or probably when we say communication it is the exchanging or imparting ideas and information.
Most of us assume we know more or less what communication is and the important role it plays in our lives. Analyze some
other definitions:
According to Comeaux (1996) “A transaction in which participants are mutually engaged in the process of creating
meaning.” It means that, communication requires the commitment of both communicators to get the thought or to have a
deeper understanding on the topic they are discussing.
For Hill Watson’s perspective (1997) “The communication process begins when a message is conceived by a sender. It is
then encode-translated to a signal or a sequence of signals and transmitted by a particular medium or channel to a receiver who
then decodes it and interprets the message, returning a signal in some way that the message has or has not been understood.”
The sender and receiver are both playing a very vital role in the process of communication. The sender is the one who formulates
the topic and transmits the message to the receiver while the receiver will be the one who decodes or understands the idea of
the message and responsible as well to impart his feedback for them to have a very meaningful conversation.
Harvest Missions International (2002) states that “Communication is a process where audience understanding is created
when a message is sent by a communicator through an appropriate channel or medium.” It says that choosing an appropriate
channel or medium of communication is very important in delivering and understanding the message. Now, what do you mean
by channel or medium? It is a device or a platform that is being used in sending a message.
Channels can be spoken or written words, telephone, radio, television. The understanding of the communicators on the
context of the messages will depend on the medium that they will be using, because as communicators it is their responsibility
to choose the appropriate medium of communication to avoid some communication barriers that may hinder the conversation.
The Importance of Communication

Is communication important to man? Can man exist without language? Will it be possible to have a fast-growing nation
without the existence of communication? These questions do not need a very wide explanation or even a research study to
answer.
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Listed below are some explanations why communication is important:

1. By nature, man badly needs a language and communication skills to share his experiences, emotions, feelings, points of
view or knowledge to start up a conversation.
2. Communication is an indispensable thing because it is our primary weapon in so many things. Through the use of oral and
written media, man can be able to see and hear all the happenings in his surroundings or maybe around the world.
3. With the help of communication technologies and inventions are distributed and introduced to all parts of the world.
4. Communication plays a vital role in various fields: lawyers talk and defend his client in court trial, medical practitioners
working with their patients to identify health problems, preaches of ministers, teacher faces students and other social worker
counsel.
5. Relationships are built by communication.
6. Communication evaluates your success because whatever occupation or profession you have it basically starts with having a
good communication.
PART 4: ACTIVITY/ APPLICATION

ACTIVITY 1: (10 minutes) With the help of your family members, kindly ask their own definition of communication and the
importance of communication in their lives. Write their answers on a piece of paper and analyze their commonalities.
PART 5: QUIZZES/ EVALUATION

1. What is communication?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the task of the receiver?
____________________________________________________________________________
3. What is a message?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. What is a channel?
____________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the task of the receiver?
____________________________________________________________________________
6 – 8. Explain Hill Watson’s perspective on communication.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
9-11. Explain the Harvest Mission International’s definition of communication.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
12 -14. Explain Comeaux’s definition of communication.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
15-20. What are the importance of communication?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
PART 6: CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

 Communication was derived from the Latin word “communis” refers to “common opinion” or “general point of view” or
probably when we say communication it is the exchanging or imparting ideas and information.
 Communication plays a vital role in everyone’s lives.
 Communication helps us to impart our feelings, emotions, knowledge, and opinion through the use of channel.
 Both sender and receiver are responsible to have a very interacting conversation.
PART 7: REFERENCE LINK

 Definition of communication
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdbL7jJb3JE&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR1k8Y9EvAqrxKiIvnNIC1If2s1zWkXUi40MZe
PgtK1ATv-qUU7agZE7_uw
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 2 DAY 1
Lesson 3 The Process of Communication
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
a. Identify the components of communication process;
b. Define each of the components of communication;
c. Explore the process of communication and how the process happens.
 Encoding – it is the process of sending the message
 Decoding – it is the process of interpreting or understanding the message after receiving the message from the
sender.
 Channel – is a device or platform used by communicators to send the message.
 Noise - is anything that hinders or distracts the conversation as it goes along.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
The Process of Communication

Communication is essential in our lives because through communication we are able to interact with other people.
There are several components in every conversation: sender, message encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, feedback, and noise.
Illustrated bellows shows how communication occurs and its details.
1. The sender begins the conversation but before he sends the message, he must first
encode it.
2. After encoding the information, that’s the time that he will send the message to the
receiver.
3. The message is delivered through the use of channel.
4. After receiving the information, the receiver will now decode the message in
accordance to his understanding.
5. After decoding the message, he gives a feedback to the sender.
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Let us discuss further the process communication and try to understand some of its components.
Encoding – it is the process of sending the message. Throughout the process of encoding the sender modifies his thoughts
into words, letters, pictures, or an action. To become an effective sender, you must encode your message on the easiest
way to understand.
Decoding – it is the process of interpreting or understanding the message after receiving the message from the sender.
Channel –is a device or platform used by communicators to send the message. It can be through telephone, television,
radio, spoken or written words, gestures etc.
Noise - is anything that hinders or distracts the conversation as it goes along. Noise can be classified as internal or external.
 External Noise – these are the sounds produced by the environment where the communication takes place.
 Internal Noise –pertains to mental disturbances

(Activity for five minutes) List down and explain the common communication hindrances that you encounter and identify if
it is internal or external noise.

A. Label the diagram that shows the process of communication.
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B. Enumerate and define the two types of noise.
9.___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

 Communication is essential to our lives and it happens on a two-way process.
 There are several components of communication in every conversation.
 There are two types of noise namely the internal and external noise.

` https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNJW7AxIx-0
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 2 DAY 2

Lesson 4 The Types of Communication
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
a. Differentiate the type of communication from another;
b. Identify the type of communication that they are using in their everyday lives;
c. Apply proxemics zone in various conversations.
 Verbal Communication – this type uses words to communicate, it can be written or oral.
 Non-Verbal Communication – does not require words to communicate.
 Kinesics – body language or body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye movements
 Proxemics –the distance set by the sender; distance between the sender and the receiver.
 Tactile – the use of touch.
 Object – the use of material things to convey a message.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Types of Communication (Direction)

The process of communication doesn’t always show the components shown in the diagrams below.
1. One-Way Communication
This type of communication is the simplest type because it only shows a simple conversation. It is called one-way
because it doesn’t show a feedback so it is unknown if the receiver understands the message.
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2. Two- Way Communication

This type shows that the sender sends the information and the receiver responded by giving his feedback.
3. Transactional Model
This type shows a more realistic illustration of conversation because as we talk to other, we encounter
communication barriers that hinder our conversation. The transactional model also shows an active style because the
communicators take place the role of each other. Because of exchanging of thoughts on a certain topic, the first sender
becomes the receiver and vice versa.
The Types of Communication (Method)

People are communicating in different ways it can be through gestures, body language, words, or writing. These ways can
be categorized into two types, verbal and non-verbal communication.
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A. Verbal Communication – this type uses words to communicate, it can be written or oral.
 Written Communication (Examples: text messages, letters, books, newspapers, announcements, reports, manuals,
resumes, magazines)
 Oral Communication (Examples: face to face conversations or casual talks, discussion, phone call)
B. Non-Verbal Communication – does not require words to communicate and can be categorized into:
1. Kinesics – body language or body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye movements
2. Proxemics –the distance set by the sender; distance between the sender and the receiver.
The Proxemic Zones

 Intimate Zone - direct contact to 18 inches
 Personal Zone – distance zone is defined as the area 0.5 to
1.5 m (1.5 to 4 ft.) from a person.
 Social Zone – distance zone is defined as the area of 4 ft. to
11 ft.
 Public Zone – distance zone is defining as the area of 12 to 25
or farther.
C. Paralanguage – refers to the vocal aspect. It includes the tone, pitch, volume, shout, laughter, moan, yell, and the like.
D. Tactile – the use of touch.
E. Object – the use of material things to convey a message.

Using the types of communication, apply it in different conversations with your teacher or a family member and
tell us which one is the most used type of communication.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A. Identification
_________________1. It doesn’t show a feedback so it is unknown if the receiver understands the message.
_________________2. Examples: text messages, letters, books, newspapers, announcements, reports, manuals,
magazines
_________________3. The use of touch.
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_________________4. This type shows that the sender sends the information and the receiver responded by giving his
feedback.
_________________5. This type uses words to communicate, it can be written or oral.
_________________6. The use of material things to convey a message.
_________________7. Refers to the vocal aspect. It includes the tone, pitch, volume, shout, laughter, moan, yell, and
the like.
_________________8. Examples: face to face conversations or casual talks, discussion, phone call
_________________9. Body language or body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye movements
_________________10. Shows an active style because the communicators take place the role of each other.
B. Draw and label the following diagrams: (5 pts. each)
1. The Proxemic Zones
2. Transactional Model
3. One - Way Communication
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4. Two – Way Communication

 There are different types of communication and it is divided into two categories: direction and method.
 Under direction are one – way communication, two – way communication, and transactional.
 For method there are verbal and non-verbal communication

For further information click this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BlYJVr7M2U
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 3 DAY 1

Lesson 5 Communication Models
a. Differentiate the various models of communication
b. Distinguish the unique features of one communication process from the other.
 Ethos deals with the character of the speaker wherein the speaker always wanted to show how credible he is in
front of the audience.
 Pathos pertains to the emotional influence of the speaker to the audience because it aims to persuade and needs
to contemplate the emotional state of the audience.
 Logos refers to logical reasoning.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
The Communication Models
A. Linear Model - this model shows a one - way communication wherein the sender sends the message using a channel.
There are different types of linear model of communication.
1. Shannon - Weaver's Communication Model
This model is the "mother of all models" because it is composed of the basic elements and also it shows some
reasons why conversations isn't successful.
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This mechanical and mathematical model was developed by an American mathematician Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-
2001) and American scientist Warren Weaver (1894-1978). Their aim here was to seek information on how messages could be
converted into electronic signals and how those signals will be transmitted with least error. Originally it was "A Mathematician
Theory” made by Shannon alone in 1948. Weaver reprinted the article with some modification to gratify to general audience in
1949.
Shannon and Weaver included the following elements in this model:

1. Information source - the sender
2. Transmitter - or the sender who uses machine and encodes the message into signals and can be delivered using a
channel.
3. Channel - the actual device to send the message.
4. Decoder - the receiver who decodes the message.
5. Destination - where the messages arrive
6. Noise - anything that hinders the transmission of the message.
2. Aristotle's Model
As we all know, Aristotle is a Greek philosopher and scientist and trained in medicine before studying Philosophy
under Plato.
This model basically focuses on his speaker and his speech. It is commonly used in public speaking that’s the
diagram shows a one - way communication. The sender and the message are the main focus of this model because the
sender has to effectively deliver the message to large number of audiences. Aristotle's Rhethoric explains the three
modes of persuasion or appeal to classify the speaker's appeal to the audience: ethos, pathos, logos.
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Ethos
Ethos deals with the character of the speaker wherein the speaker always wanted to show how credible he is in
front of the audience. According to Aristotle, to become a credible speaker he must possess competence, empathy, and
good intention.
Pathos
Pathos pertains to the emotional influence of the speaker to the audience because it aims to persuade and needs
to contemplate the emotional state of the audience.
Logos
Logos refers to logical reasoning. An effective speaker knows how to present the truth to his audience. Proofs
include (1) logical reasoning. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive, inductive reasoning is the presentation of
data/proof before setting up a conclusion from the data while the deductive reasoning begins with premises or
statements that are assumed to be true then creating another truth from these statements.
Examples of Inductive reasoning Examples of Deductive reasoning

Andrei's sister loves cats. Filipinos are happy people.
Andrei's sister loves birds. Bulaceños are Filipinos.
Andrei's sister loves animals Bulacaños are happy people.
3. Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication

An American author named David K. Berlo wrote the textbook entitled The Process of Communication 1960 and
used it for his undergraduate classes at the Michigan State University.
Berlo's SMCR composed of source, message, channel, and receiver.

a. Source and Receiver
The encoding and decoding of the message are influenced by the following:
1. Communication skills - ability to speak, read, write, and listen
2. Attitude towards, audience, environment, information, and himself
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3. Knowledge regarding on the information or the subject

4. Social system beliefs, religious beliefs, values, laws
5. Culture - cultural diversities
b. Message
The message can be informed through: audio, text, video, voice.
1. Content - details of the message
2. Elements - gestures, body language, language
3. Treatment - the manner how the speaker passes his message to the receiver
4. Structure - shows how the message is being arranged
5. Code - tells how the message is sent (trough verbal or non-verbal)
c. Channel
The Channel in Berlo's model talks about the five senses of the human such as hearing, sight, touch, smell,
and taste.
4. Laswell's Model of Communication

Harold Dwight Laswell (1902-1978) is an American scientist who designed this model to suggest that
communication can be described by answering the questions in the model.
The model shows the five components: communicator, message, medium, receiver, and effect. This model focuses
on the effect after the message sent using a certain channel.
5. White's Model
Eugene White shows a sequence of happening in a
communication using the diagram below.
A. Thinking - feeling, desire, or an emotion.
B. Symbolizing - before the speaker speaks, he has to know
the code of oral language with which symbolize his ideas
to make selection.
C. Expressing - the speaker uses his vocal ability to produce
sounds and associated by facial expressions, body
stance, and gestures.
D. Transmitting - this stage is wherein the sound waves are
spreading at 1,000 feet per second and waves of
light travelling at a speed of 186, 000 miles per second.
E. Receiving -when the sound waves touched the listener's
ears it reaches the brain via auditory nerve.
F. Decoding - during this stage, the listener interprets the
message based on his understanding.
G. Feedbacking - the way how the receiver responds to the message
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H. Monitoring - while the speaker watches for signs of reception or understanding of his message among his listeners

(Activity for 10 minutes) Among all those types of linear model, kindly choose one that you usually encounter and tell us
when and why. Write your answer on the space provided.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A. Illustrate and label the diagram of following communication models (5 pts. each)
1. Berlo's SMCRModel 2. White's Model
3. Laswell's Model 4. Shannon-Weaver's Model
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5. Aristotle's Model
B. Identify the following:

_______________1. The American author who wrote the textbook entitled The Process of Communication.
_______________2. During this stage, the listener interprets the message based on his understanding.
_______________3. This is the "mother of all models"
_______________4. This can be informed through: audio, text, video, voice.
_______________5. An American scientist who designed this model to suggest that communication can be described by
answering the questions in the model.
_______________6. It pertains to the emotional influence of the speaker to the audience because it aims to persuade and
needs to contemplate the emotional state of the audience.
_______________7. Anything that hinders the transmission of the message.
________________8. The speaker uses his vocal ability to produce sounds and associated by facial expressions, body stance,
and gestures.
________________9. Shows how the message is being arranged.
________________10. Refers to logical reasoning.
________________11. This stage is wherein the sound waves are spreading at 1,000 feet per second and waves of light
travelling at a speed of 186, 000 miles per second.
_______________12. Pertains to the emotional influence of the speaker to the audience because it aims to persuade and
needs to contemplate the emotional state of the audience.
_______________13. He is a Greek philosopher and scientist and trained in medicine before studying Philosophy under Plato.
_______________14. It is the feeling, desire, or an emotion.
_______________15. This shows a one - way communication wherein the sender sends the message using a channel.

 There are 5 types of linear model of communication.
 Shannon - Weaver's Communication Model
 Aristotle's Model
 Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication
 Laswell's Model of Communication
 White's Model
 Each communication models displays a different scenario of conversation.
PART 7: REFERENCE LINKS

For further information, just click the following links
Linear model https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5a9AQeSFI1Y
Shannon-Weaver's model https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuJKEqiv0XQ
Aristotle's Model https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0rv_Q-eFag
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Berlo's Model https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHGMNV95NkQ

Laswell's Model https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2Lh9VTrpO8
White's Model https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3AoSPfttP8
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 3 DAY NO. 2
Lesson 6 Communication Models
 Differentiate the various models of communication
 Distinguish the unique features of one communication process from the other.
 Interactive - mutually or reciprocally active
 Transactional - a communicative action or activity involving two parties or things that reciprocally
affect or influence each other
 Field of Experience - this refers to experience, knowledge, beliefs, culture, situation, channel, and
language.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
The Communication Models
B. Interactive Model
Also called convergence model, Interactive model is a two - way communication process because the sender and the
receiver are exchanging ideas with one another. The exchanging of ideas make the sender become a receiver or vice-versa.
The interactive model shows is components of four components such as the encoder-source-decoder, message, feedback,
and the field of experience.
1. Encoder-Source-Decoder - the person who initiates to send the message. The source is the encoder when he/she sends the
message and will become a decoder when receives the message.
2. Message - the information sent in every conversation.
3. Feedback - the response after receiving the message.
4. Field of Experience - this refers to experience, knowledge, beliefs, culture, situation, channel, and language.
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There are different types of interactive model of communication.
1. Schramm's Model of Communication
According to Wilbur Lang Schramm (1970-1987) who is an American scholar and authority on mass communication,
communication is a two-way process because the sender and the receiver are exchanging ideas meaning as they go along with the
conversation both of them can be either the sender or the receiver. Communication is completely done when the receiver gives his
feedback to the sender.
The illustration above illustrates the importance having source's and destination's field of experience in process of
communication. Individual divergence in experience, intellect, beliefs, and culture have different explanation of a message.
2. Osgood & Schramm's Model of Communication
An American psychologist Charles Egerton Osgood (1916-1991) and American scholar Wilbur Lang Schramm (1970-1987)
designed the ”Osgood & Schramm Communication Model" also known as "Encode - Decode Model of Communication" in 1954. In
this model the encoder and decoder are the two most important component because both sender and receiver can exchange roles
during the conversation.
The circular model shows a non-ending interaction because it is necessary to assess the feedback if the message is
understood or not. During the communication process, the encoder and the receiver takes place the role of one another and the
meaning of the message depends on the effectiveness of encoding and decoding of information.
C. Transactional Model
This model helps the communicators to engage into a transaction of exchanging message and it makes the elements
independent.
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1. Helical Model of Communication
In 1967, Frank E. X. Dance proposed this model and as you can see it was inspired by a helix. A helix is a curve in three
dimensional shape like a cylinder or a cone. This model simply shows the progression of the human's ability to communicate starting
from the bottom part. For a baby, he cries when he is angry, hurt, or even when feels uncomfortable as he grows and learns to utter
words, widens his vocabulary, his ways of communicating are getting better.

(ACTIVITY FOR 5 MINUTES) After studying the communications models, kindly share us the things on how did you improve
your communication skills. It's either communicating in Filipino or in English then write your answer on the space provided.
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A. Illustrate and label the diagram of following communication models (5 pts. each)
1. Schramm's Model of Communication 2. Helical Model of Communication
3. Interactive Model 4. Osgood & Schramm's Model of Communication

 The interactive model communication shows a two-way communication process.
 There are three types of interactive model of communication:
 Schramm's Model of Communication
 Osgood & Schramm's Model of Communication
 Transactional model of communication is the exchange of messages between sender and
receiver where each take turns to send or receive messages.
 The Helical Communication Model shows how the human's ability to communicate is progressing.

For more info just click the following reference links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQu2D7020Sc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nh1_Z36sIMQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05FMqwe70Ws
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TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 7 Five Elements of Communication
Lesson 8 Effective Communication Skills
a. Identify the elements of communication
b. Show a two-way communication in a given situation
c. Explain why there is a breakdown of communication
d. Use various strategies in order to avoid communication breakdown
 Speaking skills is the ability to talk at any time and in any situation.
 Communication barrier is anything that prevents us from receiving and understanding the messages others use to
convey their information, ideas and thoughts.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Five Elements of Communication

1. Sender - is the person who conveys the idea or seeks information, he/she may be a writer, a speaker, or a person who
shows gestures.
2. Message - the idea or information sent by the sender. This can be opinions, questions, views, suggestions, feelings, or
questions.
3. Channel - the medium or manner used by the sender to convey his message.
4. Receiver - the person who receives and interprets the message based on his own understanding.
5. Feedback - this is the reaction or response of the receiver to the message of the sender. The feedback also shows the
effectiveness of the conversation because it possesses the understanding of the receiver on the context of the
message.
Effective Communication Skills

Communication is effective when the message delivered is understood by the receiver and he gives the expected feedback.
The effectiveness of communication depends on the communication skills that the speakers have.
A. Speaking Skills
In 2014, Bruce Woodcock said that "Effective spoken communication requires being able to express your ideas and views
clearly, confidently and concisely in speech, tailoring your content and style to the audience and promoting free
flowing communication." When speaking, you must consider the following:
1. Be clear and concise
2. Vary your tone, pace, and volume
3. Use gestures and body language
4. Apply persuading and negotiating terms
5. Encourage questions
6. Be interesting
B. Listening Skills
Listening what you said, getting the message, and understanding the speaker's emotions. A conversation becomes
beneficial if both communicators are attentively listening. Woodcock assumes that attentive listening builds a rapport and
understanding with each other while the poor listening might lead into misconception of ideas.
1. Listen attentively.
2. Be sensitive to other's body language (eye contact and gestures) and speech (appropriate humor and analogies).
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3. Make effective use of body language. Use appropriate body language yourself. Face the person with an open,
attentive posture. Maintain good eye contact by looking at the speaker most of the time, but not staring at him/her.
Smile and appropriately nod your head from time to time.
4. Be aware of any prejudices or misconceptions you or the speaker may have (like differences of view on religion, social
issues, global issues). Avoid giving your own judgment and criticisms.
5. Provide feedback. Express your agreement or disagreement tactfully.
6. Use active listening.
a. Clarify understanding by paraphrasing and repeating key points.
b. Allow the speaker to confirm or correct your feedback.
c. Encourage the speaker to elaborate by asking questions.
Avoiding Communication Breakdown

Communicators can run their conversation smoothly if there are no barriers. These barriers are hindering the messages to
travel smoothly by distorting, blocking or altering the information during the process of sending and receiving the message.
To prevent communication breakdown:
1. Apply the communication skills discussed in the previous pages.
2. Avoid possible barriers.

Get your partner maybe a family member or someone you could have a small conversation and talk about any current
events, soap opera, or tv commercial for three minutes and try to play a music. While having your conversation, ignore the
hindrances that you may encounter and stay focused on your conversation and after that answer the following questions and write
your answers on the space provided.
1. How did your conversation go?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Where you able to understand each other well?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. How did the loud music affect your conversation?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Enumeration
(1-6) Six ways to have a good communication skill
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(6-12) Six ways to have good listening skills
(13-14) How to prevent communication breakdown

 Communication is effective when the message delivered is understood by the receiver and he gives the expected feedback.
The effectiveness of communication depends on the communication skills that the speakers have.
 In 2014, Bruce Woodcock said that "Effective spoken communication requires being able to express your ideas and views
clearly, confidently and concisely in speech, tailoring your content and style to the audience and promoting free-
flowing communication."
 Listening what you said, getting the message, and understanding the speaker's emotions. A conversation becomes
beneficial if both communicators are attentively listening. Woodcock assumes that attentive listening builds a rapport and
understanding with each other while the poor listening might lead into misconception of ideas.
 Communicators can run their conversation smoothly if there are no barriers. These barriers are hindering the messages to
travel smoothly by distorting, blocking. or altering the information during the process of sending and receiving the message.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pYSbdGiDYw
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TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 4 DAY 2
Lesson 9 Intercultural Communication
a. Explain how cultural differences affect communication
b. Demonstrate sensitivity to the socio-cultural dimension of communication situation with focus on culture, gender,
age, social status, and religion.
CHAPTER 2 FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

Lesson 1 Functions of Communication
a. Discusses the functions of communication
b. Identifies the speaker's purposes
c. Ascertains the verbal and non-verbal cues that each speaker uses to achieve his/her purpose
d. Comprehends various kinds of oral texts
 Cultural diversity - the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
 Culture - relating to the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a society.
 Intercultural -the definition of intercultural is something that occurs between people of different cultures
including different religious groups or people of different national origins.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Culture
The culture of Philippines embraces different traditions because of the colonization. With the traditions, it's a mixture of
traditional Filipino and Spanish Catholics with influences by the Americans. The Filipinos are known for being religious, appreciative
with arts, music, fashion, and food. Sometimes there are misunderstandings because of the cultural practices and traditions and we
must embrace and understand those differences.
Intercultural Communication
People loves to interact with each other especially those who share same ways and values of doing things. Yet,
communications happen with people who's having different or same culture. Intercultural communication refers to communication
between people from different cultural groups. Thus, they have different values, character, and even ways of communicating. Some
could be direct and frank when talking, while others are cautious. Intercultural communication demands sensitivity and being able to
understand one another. Considering the different cultural differences, communicators must show a good attitude to one another
to have a prosperous conversation.
Functions of Communication
It is very important to know the functions

of communication to accomplish the conversation
successfully. Through the use of these functions.
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1. Regulation/Control
Communication can control a person's behavior and attitude in different ways. A company uses effective communication
strategies to maintain discipline in the workplace. An example of this is sending memorandum and policies that may inform the
employees to understand clear guidelines and directions.
2. Social Interaction
Through the use of communication, it can help the people produce social interaction. In our daily lives, we need to develop
that bonding or relationship with our family, friends, colleagues etc.
3. Motivation
As a function of communication refers to a language to desires, likes, wants, inclinations, dislikes, choices and aspirations.
On a lighter note, communication is an attainable means to motivate people to do certain actions.
4. Information
Communication can be used for giving and getting information. The moment that conversation started, communicators will
now exchange information with each other.
5. Emotional Expressions
As humans, it is very important for us to show our emotions through verbal or non-verbal communication. There are
different ways for us show it and all we have to do to look for an outlet for us to release it. With that, people around you will
understand what you feel and if they do the same thing, you'll understand them as well.
Identify the function of communication that corresponds each photo.
1._____________________________________ 2. _______________________________________
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3. ______________________________________ 4. ________________________________________
5.________________________________
A. Identification
_______________________1. As a function of communication refers to a language to desires, likes, wants, inclinations, dislikes,
choices and aspirations.
_______________________2. As humans, it is very important for us to show our emotions through verbal or non-verbal
communication.
_______________________3. Communication can be used for giving and getting information. The moment that conversation
started, communicators will now exchange information with each other.
_____________________4. Communication can control a person's behavior and attitude in different ways. A company uses
effective communication strategies to maintain discipline in the workplace.
_______________________5. As a function of communication refers to a language to desires, likes, wants, inclinations, dislikes,
choices and aspirations. On a lighter note, communication is an attainable means to motivate people
to do certain actions.
B. Explain the intercultural communication based on your own understanding. (5 pts.)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
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 As communicators we need to be sensitive with the culture of the other people because it is also a sign giving respect to
one another.
 We can explore other's culture with the help of intercultural communication.
 Communication has different functions and each function has different purpose.

For further information click the link below.
Intercultural Commuication https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDrCWR1Q79M
Functions of Commuincation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MN8jyeqJHsc
TIME COVERAGE
PART 1: CHAPTER 3 COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE STRATEGIES IN VARIOUS SPEECH SITUATIONS

Lesson 1 Types of Speech Context
a. Identify the various types of speech context
b. Exhibit appropriate verbal and non-verbal behavior in a given speech context
 Intrapersonal - occurring within the individual mind or self
 Interpersonal - being, relating to, or involving relations between persons
 Impersonal - having no personal reference or connection
 Public - exposed to general view
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Types of Speech Context

There are three types of speech context and these are interpersonal, intrapersonal, and public.
Intrapersonal
Intrapersonal communication pertains to communication with oneself. This type happens when a person is reflecting,
analyzing, contemplating an idea, or even decision making. It is also a form of reflective thinking as a result of an internal or
external stimulus. Internal stimuli refer to any sudden physical felt pain felt while the external stimuli cite anything seen which
triggers an intrapersonal reaction.
Communication with oneself takes place in different ways.
Examples:
1. Writing (i.e., list of grocery items, journal entries, computation of expenses)
2. Speaking aloud (repeating to oneself what one hears)
3. Internal monologue (i,e., calming oneself before an interview, appreciating the taste of food, laughing at a
funny thing suddenly you remembered, complaining about a difficult test)
4. Making gestures while trying to remember something
Interpersonal
Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal
and non-verbal messages: it is face-to-face communication. For interpersonal, it requires another person for you to do is type
of speech context.
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Examples:
1. Couples 2. Family members 3. Close friends 4. Friends 5. Colleagues 6. Neighbors
Impersonal Communication
Impersonal communication talks about communication between two people who are not related to each other. It is also a
type of communication the refers to specific social roles.
Examples:
1. A waiter and a customer 2. A taxi driver and a passenger
3. A police officer and a lost foreigner 4. A bank teller and a depositor
Public
This type of speech context is also known as pubic speaking wherein the speaker is talking to a several number of people or
a big crowd. Public communications basically aim to persuade, give information, or to entertain.
Examples:
1. A sales agent promoting a new product
2. A fire survivor telling his inspiring story
3. A political candidate presenting his / her platform
4. A religious leader discussing the importance of humility

(Activity for 10 minutes) Write down your personal experiences (at least three) and tell us something for each type of speech
context.
1. INTRAPERSONAL 2. INTERPESONAL
3. IMPERSONAL 4. PUBLIC
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A. Identification
______________1. Pertains to communication with oneself.
______________2. This type of speech context is also known as pubic speaking wherein the speaker is talking to a several number of
people or a big crowd.
______________3. It is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal
messages: it is face-to-face communication.
______________4. Communication talks about communication between two people who are not related to each other. It is also a
type of communication the refers to specific social roles.
Enumeration
6-9 Examples of Public Communication 10-13 Examples of Impersonal Communication
14-19 Examples of Interpersonal Communication 19-23 Examples of Intrapersonal Communication

 Intrapersonal communication pertains to communication with oneself.
 Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal
and non-verbal messages: it is face-to-face communication.
 Impersonal communication talks about communication between two people who are not related to each other.
 Public communication is also known as pubic speaking wherein the speaker is talking to a several number of people or a big
crowd. Public communications basically aim to persuade, give information, or to entertain.

For more wishclusive videos, CLICK HERE, click here, CLICK HERE, click here to subscribe!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uUP5fFhfX4
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TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 2 Types of Speech Style
a. Distinguish types of speech style
b. Identify social situations in which each speech style is appropriate to use
c. Observe the appropriate language forms in using a particular speech style
 Casual- relaxed and unconcerned.
 Consultative- intended to give professional advice or recommendations.
 Formal - done in accordance with rules of convention or etiquette; suitable for or constituting an official or
important situation or occasion.
 Frozen - treated, affected, or crusted over by freezing
 Intimate- closely acquainted; familiar, close.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Types of Speech Style

A linguist and German professor Martin Joos identified the speech styles as intimate, casual, consultative, formal, and
frozen.
Intimate
In intimate style, the communication is private like talking to family members or very close friends. It does not require
to use formal words since you're talking with people that are very close to you.
There are two systematic features of intimate style: extraction and jargon. Extraction pertains to the
understanding of a message received because, the intimate style doesn't require background information therefore the
receiver can pull out the whole and exact meaning quickly. The next one is jargon, it refers to special words that are
used by a particular profession.
Examples:
1. FX (medical) - bone fracture
2. LOL (internet) - laugh out loud
3. TD (military) - military duty
4. DUI (law enforcement) - driving under the influence
5. Helicopter view (business) - overview of a job or project
Casual
It usually happens among friends and colleagues who are close to each other. The style speech, the communicators
are using informal language so meaning it is also being used in an informal event or scenario. The following are the
features of the casual style.
1. Ellipsis is used to show deletion of words. Ellipse sentences focus more focused on the meaning of the sentence than the
structure.
Examples:
a. Thank you. - Thanks.
b. It wasn't me dropped the figurine. - Not me
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2. Grammar is simplified.
Examples:
a. I thought you could not make it. - I thought you couldn't make it.
b. I doubt that the concert starts early. - I doubt the concert starts early.
Consultative
This is commonly used in a semi-formal communication, sentences end to be shorter and spontaneous. In this style, the
speaker does not usually plan what he/she wants to say.
Examples: regular classroom discussions, doctor-patient, corporate meeting
Formal
This style is regularly being used in formal occasions just like graduation ceremonies and other occasions that cater a large
number of people. Formal style requires a bit of shared background information and also a little response from the audience.
The emcee prepares his message before the delivery and he carefully chooses words that are appropriate in the event.
Example:
May I present to you our new branch manager, Mr. Charles D. Armstrong
Frozen Style
The frozen style requires a lot of formal language and intended for very formal occasions attended by large number of
people. Examples of this are church service, state of the nation address, eulogy, and the like. The addressees aren't allowed to
ask questions and also the speaker must talk politely, appropriate vocabulary, and good grammar.
Example:
Let us thank the Lord Jesus Christ for His unending love, and beg for his forgiveness of our sins...

Give an example of sentence for each types of speech style.
1. INITMATE - _____________________________________________________________________
2. CASUAL- _______________________________________________________________________
3. CONSULTATIVE - _________________________________________________________________
4. FORMAL - ______________________________________________________________________
5. FROZEN - _______________________________________________________________________
__________________1. It usually happens among friends and colleagues who are close to each other. The style speech, the
communicators are using informal language so meaning it is also being used in an informal event or
scenario. The following are the features of the casual style.
__________________2. This style is regularly being used in formal occasions just like graduation ceremonies and other occasions
that cater a large number of people. Formal style requires a bit of shared background information and also a
little response from the audience. The emcee prepares his message before the delivery and he carefully
chooses words that are appropriate in the event.
__________________3. This is commonly used in a semi-formal communication sentences end to be shorter and spontaneous.
In this style, the speaker does not usually plan what he/she wants to say.
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__________________4. The frozen style requires a lot of formal language and intended for very formal occasions attended by large
number of people. Examples of this are church service, state of the nation address, eulogy, and the like. The
addressees aren't allowed to ask questions and also the speaker must talk politely, appropriate vocabulary,
and good grammar.
_________________5. In intimate style, the communication is private like talking to family members or very close friends. It does
not require to use formal words since you're talking with people that are very close to you.

 There are five types of speech style: intimate, casual, consultative, formal, and frozen.
 Intimate style is used for talking to people that are very close to you.
 Casual style usually happens among friends and colleagues who are close to each other.
 Consultative style is commonly used in a semi-formal communication, sentences end to be shorter and
spontaneous.
 Formal style is regularly being used in formal occasions just like graduation ceremonies and other occasions that
cater a large number of people.
 Frozen style requires a lot of formal language and intended for very formal occasions attended by large number of
people.

For more ideas click the following links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8vReAUspSk
TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 3 Types of Speech Act
a. Describes the speech acts
b. Give specific information about a given topic
c. Convince people to take a particular action
d. Respond appropriately and effectively to a speech act
 Illocution - an act of speaking or writing which in itself effects or constitutes the intended action,
 Locution - an utterance regarded in terms of its intrinsic meaning or reference, as distinct from its function or
purpose in context.
 Perlocution - an act of speaking or writing which has an action as its aim but which in itself does not affect or
constitute the action, for example persuading or convincing.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
Types of Speech Act

A British philosopher John Lagshaw "J.L." Austin (1911-1960) said that "performative language" refers to the practical use
of language as speech acts; when one speaks, one performs an act. There are different characteristics of speech acts: locutionary
act (utterance), illocutionary act (intention), and perlocutionary act (response)
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Locutionary Act (Utterance)

This act refers to the utterance of something with certain meaning.
Examples:
1. "Our class will end in five minutes." (The teacher's actual utterance)
2. "I am starving to death." (The speaker's actual utterance)
Illocutionary Act (Intention)

In an illocutionary speech act, it is not just saying something itself but the act of saying something with intention, making a
prediction, denying something, giving an advice, confirming, issuing an order or a decision.
Examples:
1. Our class will end in five minutes. (The teacher wants the class to finish their task before the bell rings)
2. I am starving to death. (The speaker suggests to the listener that they should eat immediately.)
Perlocutionary Act (Response)

This act pertains to utterance of something to get a response from the listener. The aim of perlocutionary act is to change
feelings, thoughts, or actions.
Examples:
1. "Our class will end in five minutes." (The listeners respond by finishing their task right away.)
2. "I am starving to death." (The listener responds by agreeing that they should eat immediately.)

Compose three sentences for each types of speech act.
1. LOCUTIONARY ACT
a.____________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________
2. ILLOCUTIONARY ACT
a. ____________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________
3. PERLOCUTIONARY ACT
a. ____________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________

Identify the following sentences according to types of speech act.
_____________ 1. It is the bleak job situation that forces Filipinos to find jobs overseas.
_____________ 2. I'll do my homework later.
_____________ 3. You are beautiful inside and out.
_____________ 4. Do you want some tea?
_____________ 5. I was born a Filipino, I will live a Filipino, I will die a Filipino!
_____________ 6. I advise you to stop smoking.
_____________ 7. You are under arrest.
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_____________ 8. Give me an apple.

_____________ 9. May we use this computer?
_____________ 10. Let's get loud!

 A British philosopher John Lagshaw "J.L." Austin (1911-1960) said that "performative language" refers to the practical use
of language as speech acts; when one speaks, one performs an act.
 Locutionary act refers to the utterance of something with certain meaning.
 In an illocutionary speech act, it is not just saying something itself but the act of saying something with intention, making a
prediction, denying something, giving an advice, confirming, issuing an order or a decision.
 This act pertains to utterance of something to get a response from the listener. The aim of perlocutionary act is to change
feelings, thoughts, or actions.
PART 7: REFERENCE LINK/S

For more information click the following links:
Locutionary Act https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlYODnZfO7Y
Illocutionary Act https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weB-JPxz8bE
Perlocutionary Act https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxCm0XC46Ps
TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 4 Types of Communicative Strategy
a. Engage in a communicative situation using acceptable, polite, and meaningful communicative strategies
b. Explain that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act, and communicative strategy affects language form,
duration of interaction, relationship of speaker, role and responsibilities of the speaker, message, and delivery.
c. Demonstrate effective use of communicative strategy in a variety of speech situations.
 Nomination - the action of nominating or state of being nominated.
 Repair - the action of fixing or mending something.
 Restriction - a limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one.
 Termination - the action of bringing something or coming to an end.
 Topic Control - to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts
 Topic Shifting - is a diversionary tactic in which one person in a discussion (the shifter) manages to subtly change
the discussion's topic to another
 Turn - Taking - a type of organization in conversation and discourse where participants speak one at a time in
alternating turns.
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PART 3: DISCUSSION
Types of Communication Strategy

There are different types of communication strategy: nomination, restriction, turn-taking (and turn-giving), topic control,
topic shifting, repair, and termination.
NOMINATION
It is an address that is proposing a candidate for election in an organization. The best example for this one is the election of
classroom officers every start of the school year.
1. Introduction
The introduction includes the thesis statement, or the assertion.
Examples:
 An effective company president, is one who is ....., and .....
 Our country needs a ...... leader.
2. Body
The body of the paragraphs contain facts and evidences that support the thesis statement. Each paragraph must have
contain a topic sentence that is related to the thesis statement, and details that support it.
The second, third, and fourth paragraphs present the existence of a candidate who could be worthy for the position.
3. Conclusion
This is the last paragraph and it closes the essay by restarting the position or calling the listener for action.
RESTRICTION
Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. When communicating in the classroom, in a
meeting, or while hanging out with your friends, you are typically given specific instructions that you must follow. These
instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.
TURN - TAKING (AND TURN - GIVING)

In every conversation, it is very important that each communicator knows when to take his turn to talk or speak. Turn-
taking is an essential factor in maintaining a good conversation and establishing an adequate social relationship. In a
conversation, take your turn politely and give your listener's turn considerately. There are some ways to stipulate turn - taking
and turn - giving.
1. Create silence.
2. Ask a question.
3. Use gestures.
4. Make an eye contact.
Conversation Violations
A British and Emeritus Professor of English Language and Linguistics at Roehampton University, London, England
named Jennifer Coates, there are rules for us not to violate turn-taking type of communicative strategy.
1. Overlap. An overlap in conversation occurs when the listener think it is his turn and begins to speak. Thus, he overlaps
with the current speaker.
2. Interruption. Interruption happens when another speaker speaks when he/she sees that the current speaker is not going
to give the floor.
3. Grabbing the floor. A listener interrupts the current speaker and successfully takes over.
4. Hogging the floor. A speaker takes a long time on the floor and ignores others attempting to take the floor.
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5. Silence. It is often a sign of turn-taking violations, and can follow interruptions or when a speaker hogs the floor too long.
TOPIC CONTROL
Topic Control is a communicative strategy that is being used to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions
and topic shifts in a conversation and also, it is a process of sticking to the topic throughout the discussion. Topic control is
needed as there are some topics which are considered subversive or taboo. This may affect people's mind, invade their rights,
offend their sensibilities, or criticize a particular religion or tradition.
TOPIC SHIFTING
It refers to moving from topic to another. In this case, a new topic may be initiated by a speaker who's more
dominant in a conversation of by the listener after previous topic has been discussed or after a long pause during the
conversation. Sometimes, there are topics that comes up unexpectedly and changes the current topic. However, if the topic
shifting happens smoothly the flow of the conversation run continuously without experiencing any hindrances.
Example:
Mother to Joan: Your sister Yangyang wants you to go with her to province this weekend. Uncle and Auntie have been
longing to see you before they leave.
Joan: Aren't you coming with us mom?
Mother: You will go ahead Friday night, and I will take the afternoon trip on Saturday.
Joan: Okay, mom. By the way our dance lessons will start this weekend. We were told that a former Sexbomb dancer would
come every Saturday to give us some useful tips. May I join the lessons after this weekend?
REPAIR
A successful conversation depends on the communicators. If the speaker talks about something, the listener
provides his feedback and the feedback may not always be verbal to indicate attention. A participant may open his eyes
wide when surprised in a message or nod his head when he agrees on the message. He/She may also do minimal verbal
responses such as yes, umm, uh huh and many more. So basically, repair refers to how the speakers address the problems
in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
Communication repair strategies for someone with hearing loss

If you have hearing loss, you can engage these repair strategies. Ask the speaker to:
Face you
Let the other person know that sometimes you depend on speechreading – we all do, in fact, at different times –
to assist your hearing. In case of communication mishaps due to being unable to see your conversation partner’s mouth,
gently remind him or her to keep his or her mouth uncovered and to face you when speaking. Additionally, the person can
get your attention first, and avoid speaking from another room. If you’re having trouble due to lighting, suggest that you
move to another environment.
Rephrase
Some words, due to pitch or specific sounds, are more difficult to understand than others. If you’re having a hard
time, ask your communication partner to rephrase what he or she has said.
Spell or write words

Some words are vital in understanding the meaning of a topic of conversation, so they cannot be rephrased.
In this instance, ask the speaker to spell or – even better – write the keyword or message down.
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Provide keywords when the topic has changed
If you know what a conversation is about from the start, it’s much easier to infer what is being said or asked from the
context. If the topic of conversation has changed, ask your communication partner to provide the new topic to you.
Aside from asking the speaker for assistance in these ways, you can also:
 Check and confirm what you heard. Say, “I think you said ___. Is that right?”
 Have confidence in your abilities and guess. There’s a chance you are correct!
 Anticipate by preparing. For example, before an event, learn the names of the people who will be there so you can
rely partially on your memory.
https://www.captel.com/2014/01/communication-repair-strategies-smooth-conversation/
TERMINATION
Termination in communication pertains to act of bringing one's speech to end. Every speech must be ended
effectively to leave a good mark to the audience.
Here are some effective ways of closing a speech.

1. Call for action. Challenge your audience to consider applying or doing what is presented in your speech.
2. Reiterate the message of your opening statement. (Good opening statements may include a memorable quote by a
famous person, an interesting anecdote, a line in a popular song or a blockbuster movie.)
3. Choose a phrase that may summarize your message, and structure in a repetitive format.
Example:
Like dogs barking at thieves
Snakes hissing at intruders
Tigers guarding their food
We can also bark, hiss, and guard at enemies
We can protect the environment from more harm.
4. Title your speech with something catchy. This can be used as the closing statement.
Example:
Together, we can defeat our enemies.
Tell us your experience for types of communication strategy. Write your answer on the space provided.
NOMINATION
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RESTRICTION
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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TURN - TAKING (TURN - GIVING)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TOPIC CONTROL
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TOPIC SHIFTING
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________1. It contain facts and evidences that support the thesis statement.
____________________2. It is an essential factor in maintaining a good conversation and establishing an adequate social
relationship. In a conversation, take your turn politely and give your listener's turn considerately.
____________________3. This is the last paragraph and it closes the essay by restarting the position or calling the listener for
action.
____________________4. It is an address that is proposing a candidate for election in an organization.
____________________5. Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
____________________6. It is a communicative strategy that is being used to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions
and topic shifts in a conversation and also, it is a process of sticking to the topic throughout the
discussion.
____________________7. Refers to how the speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they
may encounter in a conversation
____________________8. It refers to moving from topic to another.
____________________9. Pertains to act of bringing one's speech to end. Every speech must be ended effectively to leave a good
mark to the audience.
____________________10. Includes the thesis statement, or the assertion.
 There are several types of communicative strategy: nomination, restriction, turn - taking (turn - giving), topic
control, topic shifting.
 Nomination It is an address that is proposing a candidate for election in an organization.
 Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
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 In every conversation, it is very important that each communicator knows when to take his turn to talk or speak.
Turn-taking is an essential factor in maintaining a good conversation and establishing an adequate social
relationship.
 Topic Control is a communicative strategy that is being used to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions
and topic shifts in a conversation and also, it is a process of sticking to the topic throughout the discussion.
 Topic shifting refers to moving from topic to another.

For more information click the following links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYk3KQg3lck
TIME COVERAGE
PART 1: CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF SPEECHES

Lesson 1 Types of Speeches According to Purpose (Expository)
a. Distinguish the types of speeches
b. Prepare and deliver speeches (expository, persuasive, and entertainment)
 Expository - intended to explain or describe something.

 Informative - providing useful or interesting information.
 Purpose - the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.
 Speech - the expression of or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds; a formal address or
discourse delivered to an audience.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
A speech is a formal address delivered to an audience. In a conversation, you are the speaker, your speech is the message,
and the audience is your listeners. There are the classifications of speech: according to purpose, expository/informative, persuasive,
and entertainment.
EXPOSITORY/INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Expository speech aims to instruct, educate, describing, or to give information to your listeners.
FEATURES OF EXPOSITORY SPEECH
Listed below are the following features to have an expository speech.
1. An exposition deals with one single interesting topic, but consists two or more subtopics to expound.
2. It begins with an introduction consisting of the thesis statement that expresses the main idea or topic and the
subtopics or main divisions of the speech. The importance of the information may also be presented.
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3. Each subtopic supports the thesis. It is developed and presented through definition, examples, comparison and contrast,
cause and effect, and classification.
Examples:
 By Definition
Global warming is the increase of the temperature of the earth's atmosphere that results in the
warming of the earth
 By Examples
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the most intelligent and creative persons who ever lived. He manifested
his very rate talent at an early age. He could read the Bible at five and could interpret it at seven. He started writing,
printing, and selling his poems at twelve in the streets of Boston, Massachussetts. He started his journalism career at
sixteen, and later one of America's noblest statesmen and renowned scientists. He invented a lot of useful and practical
devices. Using a kite in an experiment, he discovered that lightning and electricity are one.
Source: World Literature and Communication Arts by J.P. Gabriel
 By Comparison and Contrast

Over the years, the means of communication has changed: from the snail mail to the e-mail. Who among the
young generation have seen a snail mail? A snail mail takes a day or more to reach the receiver, while an email takes only a
few seconds to be sent. If a snail mail needs a stamp, an e-mail requires internet connection.
 By Cause and Effect
Global warming is the increase of the temperature of the earth's atmosphere that results in the warming of the
earth. It is caused by greenhouse effect. The greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane produce
greenhouse effect. The natural heat energy coming from the sun is trapped by these greenhouse gases, and they are not
completely radiated back to space. As an effect, the heat energy from the sun is absorbed by the greenhouse gases; thus,
warming the atmosphere, land, and ocean. Global warming affects the daily activities of a man. In agriculture, production
will become lesser because the fertility of the soil will be affected.
 By Classification
Pollution is the contamination of the environment. It has three types: soil pollution, air pollution, and water
pollution.
 Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high
enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem. In the case of contaminants
which occur naturally in soil, even when their levels are not high enough to pose a risk, soil pollution is
still said to occur if the levels of the contaminants in soil exceed the levels that should naturally be
present.
 Air pollution is caused by solid and liquid particles and certain gases that are suspended in the air. These
particles and gases can come from car and truck exhaust, factories, dust, pollen, mold spores, volcanoes
and wildfires. The solid and liquid particles suspended in our air are called aerosols.
 Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a
stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic
to humans or the environment.
4. The speech has an effective conclusion. A speech is concluded by restating the thesis and the divisions of the topic.
Avoid disagreeing from the topic, or acting a new one.
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Study each topic and write some details about it.
1. Consequences of having a job while in still high school.

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2. Making a very productive day.

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3. Life adjustments in this time of pandemic.

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Write a short example of an expository speech.
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39 | P a g e
 A speech is a formal address delivered to an audience. In a conversation, you are the speaker, your speech is the
message, and the audience is your listeners.
 Expository speech aims to instruct, educate, describing, or to give information to your listeners.
 An exposition deals with one single interesting topic, but consists two or more subtopics to expound.
 It begins with an introduction consisting of the thesis statement that expresses the main idea or topic and the
subtopics or main divisions of the speech. The importance of the information may also be presented.
 Each subtopic supports the thesis. It is developed and presented through definition, examples, comparison and
contrast, cause and effect, and classification.
 The speech has an effective conclusion. A speech is concluded by restating the thesis and the divisions of the topic.
Avoid disagreeing from the topic, or acting a new one.
Fore more information click the link below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWyI4efeOcg
TIME COVERAGE
WEEK NO. 7 DAY NO 2

Lesson 2 Types of Speeches According to Purpose (Persuasive and Entertainment)
a. Distinguish the types of speeches
b. Prepare and deliver speeches (expository, persuasive, and entertainment)
 Conviction - a firmly held belief or opinion.
 Debate - a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which opposing
arguments are put forward.
 Entertainment - the action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment.
 Legal Proceedings - action taken in a court to settle a dispute.
 Persuasion - the action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Persuasive speech aims to convince listeners regarding on a particular issue that you believe in. This type of speech utilizes
solid evidence, examples, sound reasoning, and quotations from the experts and because of that it will be easier to make the
audience accept your point of view, or take a particular action. The speech is arranged in such a way that will help the audience to
accept all or some of the view expressed. Though the main goal of a persuasive speech is to convince the listeners to accept a point
of view, not all the listeners can be convinced by a single speech because they still have their own understanding regarding on the
perspectives that they will take in. The success of a persuasive speech is measured by the audience’s willingness to appraise the
speaker’s argument. Persuasive speeches can come in many forms, such as sales pitches, debates, and legal proceedings.
40 | P a g e
FEATURES OF A PERSUASIVE SPEECH
An effective persuasive speech is composed of introduction body, and conclusion characterized by the following:
1. The speech deals with a topic containing with multiple subtopics.

2. It has an introduction that expresses the thesis statement or the assertion about the issue.
3. It has a body that discusses each subtopic that supports the thesis statement. It confers logical reasoning, related
examples, and facts produced by materials gathered. It also deliver statistics from reliable sources and quotes from the
experts. Remember that listeners who are given enough information and analyses can make judgments, can develop their
own opinions, and take actions.
4. The speech has a conclusion that restates the position and calls the audience for an action.
Note: An effective speaker speaks with conviction and uses words that are easy to understand and cites his/her sources
correctly.
 According to Aristotle ....
 The Commission on Human Rights states that ....
ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
Aside from entertaining, the other aims of the of the entertainment speech are to make the audience enjoy, laugh, smile,
and to relax as well.
FEATURES OF AN ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
An entertainment speech has the following:

1. An entertainment speech deals with one topic - one that is interesting and easy to understand by the audience.
2. It use simple, vivid, and picturesque language.
Note: A good entertainment speaker uses bodily movements and delivers punch lines at the right time.
Record a short video clip while selling a product and dress up like a salesman/saleslady.

TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it's incorrect.
1. The speech deals with a topic containing with multiple subtopics.

2. The speech has a conclusion that restates the position and calls the audience for an action.
3. It has an introduction that expresses the thesis statement or the assertion about the issue.
4. It has a body that discusses each subtopic that supports the thesis statement. It confers logical reasoning, related
examples, and facts produced by materials gathered. It also deliver statistics from reliable sources and quotes from the experts.
Remember that listeners who are given enough information and analyses can make judgments, can develop their own opinions,
and take actions.
41 | P a g e

 Persuasive speech aims to convince listeners regarding on a particular issue that you believe in.
 Aside from entertaining, the other aims of the of the entertainment speech are to make the audience enjoy, laugh, smile,
and to relax as well.

For more information just click the following links
Persuasive Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CjJeQAv29A
Entertainment Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVoHcnaxEfQ
TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 3 Types of Speeches (According to Delivery)
a. Discuss the types of speech delivery.
b. Use the principles of effective speech delivery in different situations.
 Manuscript - a book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.
 Memorized - commit to memory; learn by heart.
 Impromptu - done without being planned, organized, or rehearsed.
 Extemporaneous - spoken or done without preparation.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY
There are four types of speeches according to delivery: reading from a manuscript, memorized speech, impromptu speech,
and extemporaneous speech.
READING FROM A MANUSCRIPT
In reading from a manuscript, the speaker literally reads the written speech word for word. This type is usually applicable
for special occasions, because the speech was written maybe hours or days prior to the speaking arrangement.
Examples:
a. State of the Nation Address of the president.
b. A President's or Prime Minister's address to the Parliament of a Foreign nation
42 | P a g e
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. There is time for preparation, from gathering information and 1. Audience expects an excellent delivery.
writing the draft to revising the speech.
2. Looking at the copy prohibits eye contact with the audience.
2. There is time for practice.
3. Delivery of the speech is not spontaneous and natural.
3. Content, organization, and language may be improved.
4. Presentation can be generally smooth.
5. Missing main points is avoided.
PRACTICE
Inaugural Address of General Emilio Aguinaldo President of the Philippines (Delivered at Barasoain Church, Malolos,
Bulacan, on January 23, 1899)
Honorable Representatives:
I congratulate you upon having concluded your constitutional work. From this date, the Philippines will have a National Code to the
just and wise precepts of which we, each and every one of us, owe blind obedience, and whose liberal and democratic guarantees
also extend to all.
Hereafter, the Philippines will have a fundamental law, which will unite our people with the other nations by the strongest of
solidarities; that is the solidarity of justice, of law, and of right, eternal truths, which are the basis of human dignity.
I congratulate myself also on seeing my constant efforts crowned; efforts which I continued from the time I entered the battlefield
with my brave countrymen of Cavite, as did our brothers in other provinces with no arms, but bolos, to secure our liberty and
independence.
And finally, I congratulate our beloved people, who from this date will cease to be anonymous and will be able with legitimate pride
to proclaim to the universe the long coveted name of Philippine Republic.
We are no longer insurgents; we are no longer revolutionists; that is to say armed men desirous of destroying and annihilating the
enemy. We are from now on Republicans; that is to say, men of law, able to fraternize with all other nations, with mutual respect
and affection. There is nothing lacking, therefore, in order for us to be recognized and admitted as a free and independent nation.
Ah, Honorable Representatives! How much pain and bitterness do those passed days of Spanish slavery bring to our minds, and how
much hope and joy do the present moments of Philippine liberty awaken in us.
Great is this day, glorious is this date; and this moment, when our beloved people rise to the apotheosis of independence, will be
eternally memorable. The 23rd of January will be for the Philippines, hereafter a national feast, as is the Fourth of July for the
American nation. And thus, in the same manner that God helped weak America in the last century, when she fought against
powerful Albion (England), to regain her liberty and independence; He will also help us today in our identical goal, because the ways
of Divine Justice are immutably the same in rectitude and wisdom.
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A thousand thanks, honorable Representatives, for your parliamentary work, which enables us and establishes in a public and
authentic manner, that we are a civilized nation and also a brave one; worthy, therefore, of being freely admitted into the concerts
of nations.
You have justly deserved the gratitude of the country and of the government, in that you showed the entire world, by your wisdom,
sound sense, and prudence, that in this remote and heretofore unknown portion of the world, the principles of European and
American civilization are known, and more than known; that intelligence and hearts here are perfectly in accord with those of the
most civilized nations; and that notwithstanding the calumnious voice of our eternal detractors, there is here, finally, a national
spirit, which unites and forges together all Filipino hearts into a single idea and single aspiration to live independent of any foreign
yoke in the democratic shadow of the Philippine Republic.
For this reason, on seeing consecrated in our constitutional work the eternal principles of authority, of liberty, of order and justice,
which all civilized nations profess, as the most perfect guaranty of their actual solidarity, I feel strength, pride, and am sincerely
impelled, from the bottom of my heart to shout—
Long live the Philippine Republic!
Long live the Constitution!
Long live their illustrious authors, the Representatives of the first Philippine Congress!
MEMORIZED SPEECH
Just like an actor preparing for his role on stage, a speaker can commit the information he wants to convey to memory.
The memorized speech is just that. It is the act of memorizing the speech to present it without using notes.
1. There is time for preparation, from gathering information, 1. Audience expects an excellent delivery.
writing the draft, and revising the speech to memorizing it.
2. It tests the sharpness of human memory.
2. There is time to practice memorizing the speech and even the
gestures and bodily movements. 3. Some important points may be missed during the delivery.
3. Content, organization, and language may be improved. 4. The speaker must be quick-witted and good at making an
adlib.
5. Delivery of the speech, including gestures and bodily

movements, lacks spontaneity and naturalness.
IMPROPMPTU SPEECH
An impromptu speech is given with no time of preparation. When called to speak "off the cuff" on the "spur of the
moment," is usually because the speaker is quite knowledgeable about the subject. For example, if called on to speak in class, a
student might give a short impromptu speech about a topic that was in the assigned readings.
ADAVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. There is evident naturalness. 1. This type is not appropriate for subjects/topics that need
preparation.
44 | P a g e
2. The listeners in this type show attention and interest to the 2. Unpreparedness affects the speaker's delivery and
speaker's ideas and how he/she delivers/expresses them. organization of his/her ideas.
3. There is possibility of errors in content, language use, and

bodily movements.
PRACTICE
Talk about the topic assigned by your teacher.
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
Extemporaneous speech is one of the most natural methods for delivering a prepared speech. You can use an
extemporaneous speech to achieve a more natural tone, flow and style with the audience. First, think about your topics and
anticipate the audience's reception to your speech. You can develop speech notes based on this preparation and use them to aid
you during the presentation.
1. There is time for preparation, from writing the outline to 1. Accuracy of content and language use may be affected given
organizing one's thoughts. little time to prepare.
2. The speaker can deliver his/her speech with or without 2. Speaker is expected to have structured his/her speech well
his/her notes. during the given preparation time.
3. The speaker has time to organize
PRACTICE
Choose of one topic to discuss after a two-minute preparation.
1. Poverty
2. Death Penalty
3. Social Media
4. Covid-19 Pandemic

Write a short speech and memorize it. Your memorized speech will be presented through a video recording clip.

Identify the following:
_____________ 1. This type is usually applicable for special occasions, because the speech was written maybe hours or days prior
to the speaking arrangement.
_____________ 2. It is one of the most natural methods for delivering a prepared speech.
_____________ 3. It is the act of memorizing the speech to present it without using notes.
_____________ 4. Speech is given with no time of preparation.
45 | P a g e
Enumerate the following. (In any order)
READING FROM A MANUSCRIPT

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4.
5.
MEMORIZED SPEECH
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4.
5.
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
1. 1.
2. 2.
3.
EXTEMPORANEIOUS
1. 1.
2. 2.
3.
46 | P a g e
4.
 There are four types of speeches according to delivery: reading from a manuscript, memorized speech, impromptu
speech, and extemporaneous speech.
 In reading from a manuscript, the speaker literally reads the written speech word for word.
 The memorized speech is the act of memorizing the speech to present it without using notes.
 An impromptu speech is given with no time of preparation.
 Extemporaneous speech is one of the most natural methods for delivering a prepared speech.
 There are advantages and disadvantages in every types of speeches according to delivery.

For more information click the link below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KBD4W1w89c
TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 4 Principles of Speech Writing (Choosing the Topic)
a. Discuss the principles of speech writing
b. Use the principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile, logical organization, duration, word
choice, and grammatical correctness
 Purpose - the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.
 Occasion - a particular time or instance of an event.
 Theme - the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic.
 Audience - the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING
There are four principles of speech writing:

1. Choosing the topic
2. Outlining and organizing speech contents
3. Sourcing the information
4. Analyzing the audience
CHOOSING THE TOPIC
It could be difficult in choosing a topic, because there are many topic to choose and at the same time the subject might be
boring to others.
47 | P a g e
Consider the following in choosing a topic:
1. Purpose
What is the general purpose of the speech again? Always remember the types of speeches according to
purpose: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
Examples:
To inform
 How to bake
 Importance of drinking 8 glass of water a day
 Effects of excessive use of social media
To persuade
 Promoting a new product
 Requesting for a financial support
 Encouraging people to observe social distancing
To entertain
 Telling sunny jokes
 A scary life experience
2. Occasion
In choosing a topic, we must consider the occasion because not all the topics are appropriate for every occasion.
For example, if it is a birthday party, the topic may be light. If it is solemn like a funeral service the topic should be serious. The
occasion has a vital role in choosing a topic to avoid talking out of place.
3. Theme
Often, a speaker is informed of the theme of the occasion. In such case, the speaker's speech must revolve around
this theme. How much information does the speaker know about the theme? The speaker can rely on his/her schema and
experiences related to the theme. From these, he/she can choose the topic mostly related to the theme.
4. Audience
We must also consider our audience in choosing a topic. Your speech in the birthday party of your 5-year old
brother must be different from mother's 52nd birthday celebration. Simply we must choose a topic that is understandable by a
certain classification of audience. Do they belong to the same religion? Are they students or professionals? Are they teens or adults?
Those are simple questions that might help you in choosing your topic based on your audience.
5. Time
Simple topics do not require much time; avoid the burden of discussing many details in just a very short period.
Always remember that listeners cannot retain as many points as they can so, choose a topic that has a very few divisions or key
points as they can hear.
Write at least two personal experiences that you've had in choosing a topic.
1. Purpose
a.
b.
48 | P a g e
2. Occasion
a.
b.
3. Theme
a.
b.
4. Audience
a.
b.
5. Time
a.
b.

IDENTIFICATION
1. Always remember that listeners cannot retain as many points as they can so, choose a topic that has a
very few divisions or key points as they can hear.
2. It is the general motive of the speech.
3. For example, if it is a birthday party, the topic may be light. If it is solemn like a funeral service the
topic should be serious. The occasion has a vital role in choosing a topic to avoid talking out of place.
4. Often, a speaker is informed of the _____ of the occasion.
5. Your speech in the birthday party of your 5-year old brother must be different from mother's 52nd
birthday celebration.

 There are four principles of speech writing.
 It could be difficult in choosing a topic, because there are many topic to choose and at the same time the subject
might be boring to others.
 Always remember the types of speeches according to purpose: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
 In choosing a topic, we must consider the occasion because not all the topics are appropriate for every occasion.
 Often, a speaker is informed of the theme of the occasion. In such case, the speaker's speech must revolve around
this theme.
 We must also consider our audience in choosing a topic.
 Simple topics do not require much time; avoid the burden of discussing many details in just a very short period.
For more information just click the links below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwnQEPKHvws
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwtdBiFg6Tw&t=302s
49 | P a g e
TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 5 Sourcing the Information
b. Use the principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile, logical organization, duration, word choice,
and grammatical correctness
 Citation - quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work.
 Publication - the preparation and issuing of a book, journal, piece of music, or other work for public sale.
 Article - a piece of writing included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or other publication.
 Oral footnote - are internal references to the original source, cited at the point of presenting the information during
the speech.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
"If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough."
-Albert Einstein
Being a credible speaker is by having an ability to convince your audience. You can present enough information to your
audience if you are knowledgeable enough on the topic that you discuss with and the same time you need to present reliable data
and even evidence to build up your credibility as a speaker. Relying on your schema isn't enough, so collect and source information.
Having enough information will help you to carry out some oral footnotes during your speech because oral footnotes are your
internal references to the original source.
Consider the following in making oral footnotes.
1. Direct Quotation
 Let me quote Dr. Jose Rizal, The (educated) youth is the hope of the fatherland."
 As Manuel L. Quezon put it, "It want our people to be like a molave tree, strong and resilient, standing hillsides, unafraid of
the rising tide, lightning and the storm, confident of its strength."
 Emilio Aguinaldo said, "We cannot free ourselves unless we move forward united in a single desire."
2. Books
Citation involves title and author, most of the time the last name, and sometimes even the position of the author.
 According to Montemayor, author of "Campus Journalism", a good interviewer respects "off the record comments".
 In his book, "Being Happy!", Matthews posits that it is imperative that we are thankful for what we have, not only from a
spiritual point of view, but also from a scientific point of view.
3. Periodicals, Journals, and Magazines
Mention the publication name and date, author, and title of article.
 Campbell wrote in the May 2016 issue article entitled "Why the Philippines elected 'the Punisher' as President" published in
Time Magazine, that if (Rodrigo) Duterte was politically outrageous, he was no outsider.
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 Vibrant Biodiversity," there are almost 500 species found and identified as confirmed by Professor Anchoindo.
4. Newspaper
Included the name of the newspaper and the date of the article. The author of the article should be mentioned especially
when/she is highly regarded.
 An article titled "How to prevent 1 million coronary events in diabetes" published in the Philippine Star on August 17, 2014
said the key to achieving preventive success on this enormous scale is to attain composite risk factor.
 A July 2016 article published in Manila Bulletin said that according to DILG Secretary Ismael Sueno, the common problems in
jails are lack of healthy food, limited toilet and bath facilities, inadequate water supply, poor sanitation, and lack of proper
healthcare.
5. Interviews
Mentioning the name and credentials of the person interviewed is necessary and also the date of the interview. Quote the
interview the second time during your speech, mention again the name of the person.
"In a television interview with Dr. Med D. Sinna, President of the PAP (Physicians Association of the philippines and physician
at Region 1 Hospital in Ilocos Sur, conducted on August 19, 2016, I learned that most Filipino patients are optimistic and ...."
6. Television Programs
Incorporate the name of the TV Program and the date of the original broadcast (and the name of the reporter, to enhance
your credibility).
As was reported in a July 2016 ABC-DEF special broadcast called "Eye of a Tiger," most drug users and pushers who
surrendered blamed poverty and unemployment.
7. Internet Documents
An oral footnote or an Internet document must contain the name the author and his credentials along with the date of the
most recent revision. If the author is not mentioned, insert the credentials of the sponsoring organization together with the date of
the most recent revision.
The Philippine Statistics Office, the national statistics agency, published a document online May 19, 2016. According to that
document, the population of the Philippines as of August 1, 2015 was 100, 981, 437, based on the 2015 Census of Population
(POPCEN 2015).
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(Activity for five minutes) Go back to the examples and study the format of the oral footnotes.
Write at least two examples of the following.
1. DIRECT QUOTATIONS
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2. BOOKS
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3. PERIODICALS, JOURNALS, AND MAGAZINES

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4. NEWSPAPERS
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5. INTERVIEWS
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6. TELEVISIONS
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7. INTERNET DOCUMENTS
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________________________________________________

 Being a credible speaker is by having an ability to convince your audience. You can present enough information to
your audience if you are knowledgeable enough on the topic that you discuss with and the same time you need to
present reliable data and even evidence to build up your credibility as a speaker.
 There are factors that you can consider in making an oral footnotes.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sylTfkjydE
53 | P a g e
TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 6 Outlining and Organizing the Speech Contents
choice, and grammatical correctness
 Argumentative - given to expressing divergent or opposite views.
 Fact - a thing that is known or proved to be true.
 Value - he regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZNING THE SPEECH CONTENTS

An outline is a brief form of a report containing bits of information that are organized into topics. The purpose of an outline
is to show all of the ideas and headings included in the composition. It also places the pieces of information in their correct order
and according to their relation to one another.
Making an outline helps in writing a speech. Identifying the main idea of the speech, details, headings, and subheadings aids
to outlining.
DEVELOPING A SPEECH (ARGUMENTATIVE)

A speech must have an introduction, body, and conclusion. Consider the following in writing a speech.
1. Choose a topic, one that you are interested to and which the audience care about. If it is for an argumentative speech, get one
with two conflicting points of view. The speaker can explore the topic by listing down related ideas. Collect factual, accurate,
up-to-date, and accurate information from reliable sources through research and interview. Gather information on both sides
of the issue, because it is important to know the opposite side and also it provides more ideas that might help you to support
your position.
2. Write the introduction. The opening if the speech is like the fuse of a bomb. It must ignite your speech.
End it with the thesis statement by telling your position and make sure that the thesis is opinionated and, clear and concise,
and debatable.
A thesis may fall under one or two of the four types of claim.
a. Claim of Fact or Definition- argues that the way a term or idea is defined needs to be changed in some way.
b. Claim of Cause and Effect- claims that one event of thing caused another event.
c. Claim of Policy and Solution- argues that the way things are done needs to be changed for some reason.
d. Claims of Value- describes the worth of how a certain thing is viewed.
3. Organized the body paragraphs. Every paragraph should start with a topic sentence that states the main point.
Describe your side or the opposing side; present your viewpoint and support it with logical reasoning, related examples,
and facts that are generated from the materials you have gathered.
Remember to always end each paragraph with a sentence that explains how the evidence you provided proves your overall
point. See to it that the body of the paragraphs show CUE-Coherence (logical in order), Unity (related ideas), and Emphasis.
4. Write the concluding paragraph, without digressing from the topic or introducing any new information. Restate why the topic is
important and your position, and synthesize the information you presented in the body paragraphs.
54 | P a g e

Review the outlining of organizing the speech context. Choose a topic and write a short speech regarding on that.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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55 | P a g e

IDENTIFICATION
1. Describes the worth of how a certain thing is viewed.
2. One that you are interested to and which the audience care about.
3. Every paragraph should start with a topic sentence that states the main point.
4. Without digressing from the topic or introducing any new information.
5. Argues that the way a term or idea is defined needs to be changed in some way.
 A speech must have an introduction, body, and conclusion.

 Choose a topic, one that you are interested to and which the audience care about.
 Write the introduction. The opening if the speech is like the fuse of a bomb. It must ignite your speech.
 Organized the body paragraphs. Every paragraph should start with a topic sentence that states the main point.
 Write the concluding paragraph, without digressing from the topic or introducing any new information.
For more information click the link below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bwDr7WVBwo
TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 7 Analyzing the Audience
a. Discuss the stages in audience analysis
choice, and grammatical correctness.
 Demography - he study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the
changing structure of human populations
 Attitude - a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a
person's behavior.
 Belief - an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists.
 Values - the regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
It is important for a speaker to know some information or background about his/her audience. This audience analysis aids
the speaker to adjust and make his/her speech cater to the listeners.
56 | P a g e
Consider these stages in audience analysis.
1. Adapting to the Audience before the Speech

The audience may be analyzed in terms of demography, attitude, and environment before the speech.
a. Demographic Analysis
Always consider the ethnicity, age, educational level, gender, culture, race, and religion of your audience. The
interests of the elders might be different from the interests of the younger generation. Make sure that your viewpoints
do not offend if the listeners belong to the different cultures or religion.
b. Attitudinal analysis
This includes examining the attitude, beliefs, and values of your audience.
Attitude identifies what one likes and dislikes.
Belief refers to what one believes as true or false.
Values encompass a person's principles and standards of behavior and judgment on what is important.
c. Environmental Analysis
It encompasses the checking of the physical setup of venue like lighting, ventilation, and seating arrangement.
How many people are attending?
2. Adapting to the Audience during the Speech

The listeners may either be giving their full or divided attention during the speech and be sensitive in observing your
audience through their nonverbal cues:
a. Eye contact
Are the listeners looking at you?
b. Facial expression
Do they look interested, or bored?
c. Posture
Are they still sitting properly? Are most of them slouching and on the verge of sleeping position?
d. Responsiveness
Verbal- Do they respond verbally (say yes or no) when asked?
Nonverbal- Do they respond to every point in your speech? Do they nod/shake their heads?
Do they laugh at certain points in your speech?
If you notice their inattention, you have to adapt to your audience.
Consider the following:
a. Pause for a while as if signaling that the next thing you are going to say is an important point they
must not miss.
b. Talk more to your audience.
c. Re-establish eye contact.
d. Ask questions.
e. Ask for feedback.
f. Inject appropriate humor.
g. Give an example.
h. Tell a related story (own experience, or an anecdote).
i. Discard boring details.
3. Adapting to the Audience after the Speech

Know how your audience responds to your speech through the following ways:
a. Nonverbal responses- nodding, smiling contentedly, giving standing ovation, and applauding (loudly or softly).
57 | P a g e
b. Verbal responses- giving approving remarks (Great job!, Job well done!, or That was such an informative/interesting
talk).
c. Behavioral responses- participating in the expected output (signing up for membership, buying a product, voting a
candidate, giving donations)
d. Survey- filling out a survey form (writing what the liked about the speech, or what they learned from it.)
Adapted from "Analyzing Your Audience" by Lee McGaan,

American Professor. By permission
Assume that you are a part of a debating team, write a speech about your stand on the issue below through applying the
principles of speech writing.
"Resolve that all the schools, public and private, in the Philippines open their class in August."
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58 | P a g e

IDENTIFICATION
1. Know how your audience responds to your speech through the following ways.
2. The audience may be analyzed in terms of demography, attitude, and environment.
3. The listeners may either be giving their full or divided attention during the speech.
4. This includes examining the attitude, beliefs, and values of your audience.
5. It encompasses the checking of the physical setup of venue like lighting, ventilation, and seating
arrangement.
ENUMERATION
6-9 Adapting to the Audience during the Speech
 It is important for a speaker to know some information or background about his/her audience. This audience
analysis aids the speaker to adjust and make his/her speech cater to the listeners.
 This includes examining the attitude, beliefs, and values of your audience.
 Always consider the ethnicity, age, educational level, gender, culture, race, and religion of your audience.
 The listeners may either be giving their full or divided attention during the speech and be sensitive in observing
your audience through their nonverbal cues
 how your audience responds to your speech through the following ways
 Always consider the audience in preparing and delivering your speech.
For more information click the following link below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hfue7l-WuJ4
59 | P a g e
TIME COVERAGE

Lesson 8 Principles of Speech Delivery
a. Discuss the principles of speech delivery
b. Use the principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial
expressions, gestures and movement, and rapport with the audience
 Modulation - the exertion of a modifying or controlling influence on something.
 Presence - the state or fact of existing, occurring, or being present in a place or thing.
 Gestures - a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.
 Rapport - a close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's
feelings or ideas and communicate well.
PART 3: DISCUSSION
ARTICULATION
Articulation talks about how the clear pronunciation of words. It is important to speak clearly when delivering a speech to
catch your audience's attention. You will recognize your audience listening attentively if you are pronouncing the words clearly.
To make sure that you are pronouncing the words correctly, get a dictionary and practice the pronouncing the words before
delivering your speech.
MODULATION
This refers to the act of regulating one's pitch and tone of voice. A well-modulated voice is necessary in public speaking as it
enables the audience to clearly hear and understand the speech.
STAGE PRESENCE
Having a commanding stage presence reflects the speaker's confidence to speak in front of his/her audience or even a small
or big group. Being knowledgeable on the topic that you discussing will help you boost your confidence and suddenly it will
reflect on your stage presence. You can practice delivering your speech by recording or by taking a video clip of yours. Always
remember that too much mannerisms and unnecessary pauses might affect your delivery
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES, AND MOVEMENTS

Body language encompasses facial expressions, gestures, and movement. Each of these has an influence on effective
speech delivery. Using an appropriate facial expression will help the speaker to put an emotion to emphasize a point. Be mindful
of your movements because if you are doing too much gestures the audience will focus on your movements and not on your
speech.
RAPPORT WITH THE AUDIENCE

Establish rapport with the audience is important, because it builds your confidence and you gain their trust. The audience
will even serve as your partners and alliance in your presentation, so they would want you to succeed in your presentation. How
can you build rapport with your audience? Consider the following:
1. Talk to the audience before your speech.
2. Focus more on your audience's interests.
3. Establish eye contact.
4. Speak simply as if you are having conversation with your audience.
5. Address their concerns by speaking about their interests, values, and aspirations.
60 | P a g e
6. Dress appropriately, a little more formally than your audience in order to establish your credibility and authority.
7. Use positive humor or language.
8. Narrate brief stories or personal experiences that they can relate to.
Adapted from "How to Build Rapport with your Audience"

by Christoper Witt. By permission.

Present your speech that you have prepared in lesson no. 4 and apply the principles of speech delivery.
Explain the principles of speech delivery.
1. ARTICULATION
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2. MODULATION
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3. STAGE PRESENCE
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4. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES, AND MOVEMENTS

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61 | P a g e

 Articulation talks about how the clear pronunciation of words. It is important to speak clearly when delivering a
speech to catch your audience's attention. You will recognize your audience listening attentively if you are
pronouncing the words clearly.
 Modulation refers to the act of regulating one's pitch and tone of voice. A well-modulated voice is necessary in
public speaking as it enables the audience to clearly hear and understand the speech.
 Having a commanding stage presence reflects the speaker's confidence to speak in front of his/her audience or
even a small or big group.
 Body language encompasses facial expressions, gestures, and movement. Each of these has an influence on
effective speech delivery.
 Using an appropriate facial expression will help the speaker to put an emotion to emphasize a point.
 Establish rapport with the audience is important, because it builds your confidence and you gain their trust.

For more information click the following links
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCzUVVKX1E8&t=86s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nSuNK9UHpU&t=166s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x5q-NB_kuo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1Ty1kSpiVc&t=60s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6ODnwgIcXs
62 | P a g e

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ENGLISH 1

The Importance of Communication

Listed below are some explanations why communication is important:

PART 4: ACTIVITY/ APPLICATION

PART 5: QUIZZES/ EVALUATION

PART 6: CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

PART 7: REFERENCE LINK

The Process of Communication

Illustrated bellows shows how communication occurs and its details.

PART 4: ACTIVITY/ APPLICATION

PART 5: QUIZZES/ EVALUATION

B. Enumerate and define the two types of noise.

PART 6: CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

PART 7: REFERENCE LINK

PART 1: CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION AND YOU

Types of Communication (Direction)

2. Two- Way Communication

The Types of Communication (Method)

The Proxemic Zones

PART 4: ACTIVITY/ APPLICATION

PART 5: QUIZZES/ EVALUATION

3. One - Way Communication

4. Two – Way Communication

PART 6: CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

PART 7: REFERENCE LINK

PART 1: CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION AND YOU

The Communication Models

Shannon and Weaver included the following elements in this model:

Examples of Inductive reasoning Examples of Deductive reasoning

3. Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication

Berlo's SMCR composed of source, message, channel, and receiver.

3. Knowledge regarding on the information or the subject

4. Laswell's Model of Communication

PART 4: ACTIVITY/ APPLICATION

PART 5: QUIZZES/ EVALUATION

1. Berlo's SMCRModel 2. White's Model

3. Laswell's Model 4. Shannon-Weaver's Model

PART 5: QUIZZES/ EVALUATION

B. Identify the following:

PART 6: CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

PART 7: REFERENCE LINKS

Berlo's Model https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHGMNV95NkQ

The Communication Models

There are different types of interactive model of communication.

1. Schramm's Model of Communication

2. Osgood & Schramm's Model of Communication

1. Helical Model of Communication

PART 4: ACTIVITY/ APPLICATION

PART 5: QUIZZES/ EVALUATION

1. Schramm's Model of Communication 2. Helical Model of Communication

3. Interactive Model 4. Osgood & Schramm's Model of Communication

PART 6: CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

PART 7: REFERENCE LINKS

PART 1: CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION AND YOU

Five Elements of Communication

Effective Communication Skills

Avoiding Communication Breakdown

PART 4: ACTIVITY/ APPLICATION

2. Where you able to understand each other well?