Department of E&TC Engineering

Academic Year : 2022-23

SUBJECT : VLSI
CLASS: BE B SEMESTER: 7th
ASSIGNMENT NO.: OCW DATE OF SUBMISSION:
NAME OF STUDENT: KUNAL MANE ROLL NO.: 122

TOPIC: CMOS Invertor

WEBSITE URL REFERRED: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108107129

Summary/Abstract/Review:
Metal oxide field effect transistor(MOSFET) mainly consist of three terminals
Gate, Source and Drain. In which source and drain are connected to substrate.
Gate is connected to substrate using metal oxide layer i.e SiO2 layer.
There are two type of MOSFETs enhancement and depletion type of mosfet.
Mosfet can act as a switch, when it is operated in proper biasing. In order to
switch on the MOSFET gate voltage should be greater than threshold voltage.
Threshold voltage is minimum amount of voltage that should be applied at gate
terminal to turn on mosfet.
Drain characteristic of mosfet is drain current v/s drain voltage. When drain
voltage is increased drain current should increase, but due to applied drain
voltage, drain current is controlled at certain level. Thus the gate current controls
the output drain current

Conclusion:
In this course we learned about MOSFETS and its type along with its switching properties
and transfer and drain characteristic of MOSFETS

Name & Sign of Subject In-charge: Marks:

 Department of Computer Engineering

Photos (Geo Tagged Photos)

Activity 2:
Name of Activity:
Summary of activity:

 Department of Computer Engineering

Photos (Geo Tagged Photos)

 Department of Computer Engineering

Activity 3:
Name of Activity:
Summary of activity:

Photos (Geo Tagged Photos)

 Department of Computer Engineering

Bene t to mentee (5-Strongly agree, 4-Agree, 3- Sa sfactory, 2- Disagree, 1- Neutral)

Sr. Bene ts to Mentee Student Student Student Student Student
No. 1 2 3 4 5
My self-con dence is improved for
1. Academics
2. Placement
3. Higher studies
4. Co-curriculum ac vi es
5. Extra-curriculum ac vi es
Extension ac vi es
I have improved skills for
1. Communica on
2. Foreign Language
3. Programming
4. Interpersonal
5. Team work
6. Leadership
I got awareness of internship/Sponsored
projects
I learned Time Management
I got cultural exposure
I experience improved mental wellbeing

Mentor Name: Mentor Class:

Mentor Sign.
fi
fi
fi
ti
ti


ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti

 A
PROJECT STAGE-1 REPORT ON

IoT Switch using Arduino Cloud and ESP8266.

SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

BY

Akshay Kakatkar 72023903G

Shreyash Kale 72023906M
Kunal Mane 72023969K
Tanmay Kadam 72023897J
Shivam Gadewar 72023840E
Prajwal Pawar 71908149B
Akshay Desai 72162932G
Mansi Mhanta 72023980L

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs. V.K Patil

 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022-23

CERTIFICATE

“IoT Switch using Arduino Cloud and ESP8266.”

Submitted by
Mr. Akshay Kakatkar (72023903G)
Mr. Shreyash Kale (72023906M)
Mr. Kunal Mane (72023969K)
Mr. Tanmay Kadam (72023897J)

Mr. Shivam Gadewar(72023840E)

Mr. Prajwal Pawar(71908149B)

Mr. Akshay Desai(72162932G)

Mrs. Mansi Mhanta(72023980L)

is the record of bonafide work carried out by them in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for Modernized Internet Of Things , as prescribed by the Savitribai Phule
Pune University in the Academic Year 2022-2023.
This project report has not been earlier submitted to any other Institute or University
for the award of any degree.

Mrs. V.K Patil Dr.M.P.Sardey

Internal Guide Head of Department

Department of E&TC Engg. Department of E&TC Engg.

 ABSTRACT
The main objective of this project is to develop an IoT Based switch using
Arduino Cloud and ESP8266 Module which can be remotely controlled from
anywhere by using the Arduino IoT Cloud Web Dashboard, Arduino IoT Cloud
Remote App (Android or iOS) and Alexa. Modern houses are gradually shifting from
conventional switches to centralizedcontrol system, involving remote controlled
witches. Presently, conventional wall switches located indifferent parts of the house
make it difficult for the user to go near them to operate. Even more it becomesmore
difficult for the lderly or physically handicapped people to so. Remote controlled
home automationsystem provides a most modern solution with Arduino Cloud.

In order to achieve this, a 5V Relay module is interfaced to ESP8266 at the

received end while on transmitted end, Arduino Cloud via the Web Dashboard ,
Android/iOS App or Alexa sends the ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loards
are connected. By toggling the switch on GUI, the loads can be turned ON/OFF
remotely through this technology.
 INDEX

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

NO.
1 Acknowledgement 6

2 LIST OF FIGURES 7

3 INTRODUCTION 8
4 LITERATURE REVIEW 9
5 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 10
a) Aim
b) Objectives
c) Methodologyy
d) Specification
6 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM 11
7 Components 12
8 System Design 13
9 Software Design 13
10 EXPECTED RESULT 15
11 REFERENCES 16
 Acknowledgement

It is my great pleasure in expressing sincere and deep gratitude towards my

guide Mrs V.K.Patil, Assistant Professor Electronics & Telecommunication
Engineering Department for her valuable guidance and constant support throughout this
work and help to peruse additional studies in Internet Of Things

We take this opportunity to thank Head of the Department Dr.M.P.Sardey and

Project coordinator Mrs. D.M. Yewle and all staff members of department of Electronics
&Telecommunication Engineering AISSMS IOIT, Pune, for cooperation provided by them
in many ways.
The motivation factor for this work was the inspiration given by our honorable
principal Dr. P.B.Mane.

Lastly I am thankful to those who have directly or indirectly supported for our
work.

Sign Sign Sign

Akshay Kakatkar Shreyash Kale Kunal Mane

Sign Sign Sign

Shivam Gadewar Tanmay Kadam Prajwal Pawar

Sign Sign
Akahay Desai Mansi Mhanta
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO

NO

1 Block Diagram 10
2 ESP2866 11
3 Soil Moisture sensor 12
4 System Design 13
5 After successful automatic data upload 15
 1. INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, we have remote controls for our television sets and others
electronic Systems, which havemade our lives real easy. Have you ever wondered
about home automation which Would give the facilityof controlling tube lights, fan
and other electrical appliances at home using a remote control? Off-course,yes but,
are the available options cost-effective? If the answer is no, we have found a solution
to it. Wehave come up with a new system is super-cost effective and can give the
user, the ability to control anyelectronic device without even spending for a remote
control. This project helps the user to control all theelectronic devices using his/her
smartphone.Time is very valuable thing. Everybody wants to save time as much as
they can . New technologies are being introduced to save our time. To save people’s
time we are introducing IoT based Switch using Arduino Cloud and ESP8266. Whit
your mobile phone. You can turn on/off your home appliances using Arduino IoT
Cloud Dashboard.

.
 2. LITERATURE REVIEW

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE SURVEY:

1. IoT Based Home Automation.

Lalit Mohan Satapathy, Samir Kumar Bastia, Nihar Mohanty
2028
Internet of things devices controls and monitors the electronic, electrical and various
mechanical systems which are used in various types of infrastructures. In this project
we have taken ESP8266-01 Wi-Fi module which is programmed through Arduino
UNO to control various devices. Internet has become an important part of human’s
social life and educational life without which they are just helpless. Various
electronics and electrical devices are connected and controlled remotely through
different network infrastructures. Through this module they are controlling various
devices through web page and through android application.

2. NodeMCU 12e X Arduino Uno - An IOT approach.

Antonio Carlos Bento
2018
The NodeMCU 12e, already has the integrated WiFi, the same does not occur with
the Arduino Uno. The size requirement was considered for better coupling in boxes
or small devices. The growth in the use of devices for the Internet of things is
increasing, due to the use in residential and industrial automation. The use of Arduino
Uno and Nodemcu 12e devices should be analyzed, with the specific objectives being
to carry out WiFi connection tests and their configurations. The difference between
the two devices shows 29.41% of variation, considering a probability of 5%, the
result represents a great relevance.
 3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES

3.1Aim
IoT Based Switch using Arduino Cloud and ESP2866.

2.2 Objectives
1. Control appliances with Arduino Cloud Web Dashboard.
2. Control appliances with Arduino Cloud Mobile Application.
3. Control appliances with Amazon Alexa.

2.3 Methodology
In this project, an IOT based switch is created using Node MCU ESP8266- wi-fi
board and 5V Relay by interfacing with Arduino IoT Cloud. The switch variable
state is stored in Arduino IoT Cloud. ESP 8266- Wi-Fi Board, NodeMcu USB cable,
5V Relay, Extension Cord, breadboard are the components used. Arduino IoT Cloud
Web Dashboard is used.

2.4 Specifications of the System

 Operating Voltage: 2.5V to 3.6V
 On-board 3.3V 600mA regulator
 80mA Operating Current
 ESP8266 CP2102 NodeMCU LUA ESP-12E WIFI Serial Wireless Module
 Built-in Micro-USB
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM AND ITS EXPLANATION

Fig No. 1 Block Diagram

 Whenever the switch is toggled via Arduino IoT Cloud it sends

a signal to ESP8266 Module.
 The ESP8266 provides unsurpassed ability to embed Wi-Fi capabilities
within other systems, or to function as a standalone application, with the
lowest cost, and minimal space requirement.
 The Signal is then transferred to the 5V Relay via the Input port to
control the state of the Relay.
Components:

1. ESP8266:
core processor ESP8266 in smaller sizes of the module encapsulates Tensilica
L106 integrates industry-leading ultra-low power 32-bit MCU micro, with the
16-bit short mode, Clock speed support 80 MHz, 160 MHz, supports the
RTOS, integrated Wi-Fi MAC/BB/RF/PA/LNA, on-board antenna. The
module supports standard IEEE802.11 b/g/n agreement, complete TCP/IP
protocol stack. Users can use the add modules to an existing device
networking, or building a separate network controller. ESP8266 is high
integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and power constrained mobile
platform designers. It provides unsurpassed ability to embed Wi-Fi capabilities
within other systems, or to function as a standalone application, with the
lowest cost, and minimal space requirement.

Fig No. 2 ESP2866

2. 5V Single Channel Relay:
Relay is one kind of electro-mechanical component that functions as a switch.
The relay coil is energized by DC so that contact switches can be opened or
closed. A single channel 5V relay module generally includes a coil, and two
contacts like normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC). This article
discusses an overview of the 5V relay module & its working but before going
to discuss what is relay module is, first we have to know what is relay and its
pin configuration.

Fig No. 3
5V Single Channel Relay
 5. SYSTEM DESIGN

Fig No.4.
System Design

6. SOFTWARE DESIGN
 Code:

/*
Sketch generated by the Arduino IoT Cloud Thing "Untitled 2"
https://create.arduino.cc/cloud/things/ceeec7a4-b3ce-484a-a5b3-e58ed768d3fa

Arduino IoT Cloud Variables description

The following variables are automatically generated and updated when changes are made
to the Thing

CloudSwitch _switch_;

Variables which are marked as READ/WRITE in the Cloud Thing will also have functions
which are called when their values are changed from the Dashboard.
These functions are generated with the Thing and added at the end of this sketch.
*/

#include "thingProperties.h"

#define RelayPin1 0 //D3

#define wifiLed 16
int toggleState_1 = 0;

void setup() {
// Initialize serial and wait for port to open:
Serial.begin(9600);
// This delay gives the chance to wait for a Serial Monitor without blocking if none
is found
delay(1500);

// Defined in thingProperties.h
initProperties();

// Connect to Arduino IoT Cloud

ArduinoCloud.begin(ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection);

/*
The following function allows you to obtain more information
related to the state of network and IoT Cloud connection and errors
the higher number the more granular information you’ll get.
The default is 0 (only errors).
Maximum is 4
*/
setDebugMessageLevel(2);
ArduinoCloud.printDebugInfo();
pinMode(RelayPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(wifiLed, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(RelayPin1, HIGH);
}

void loop()
{
ArduinoCloud.update();
// Your code here
if (WiFi.status() !=WL_CONNECTED)
{
digitalWrite(wifiLed, HIGH);

else{
 digitalWrite(wifiLed, LOW);
}
}

/*
Since Switch is READ_WRITE variable, onSwitchChange() is
executed every time a new value is received from IoT Cloud.
*/
void onSwitchChange() {
// Add your code here to act upon Switch change
if (_switch_ == 1)
{
digitalWrite(RelayPin1, LOW);
Serial.println("Device ON")
toggleState_1 = 1;
}
else
{
digitalWrite(RelayPin1, HIGH);
Serial.print("Device OFF");
toggleState_1 = 0;
}
}
 REFERENCES

[1] S. K. Sooraj, E. Sundaravel, B. Shreesh, and K. Sireesha, “IoT Smart Home Assistant for Physically Challenged
and Elderly People,” 2020, doi: 10.1109/ICOSEC49089.2020.9215389.
[2] F. O. Chete, “Design and Simulation of IoT Network for Smart-Home,” J. Electr. Eng. Electron. Control Comput.
Sci., 2020.
[3] M. Umair, M. A. Cheema, O. Cheema, H. Li, and H. Lu, “Impact of COVID-19 on iot adoption in
healthcare, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, transportation and industrial IoT,” Sensors.
2021, doi: 10.3390/s21113838.
[4] M. A. Ashari and L. Lidyawati, “Iot Berbasis Sistem Smart Home Menggunakan Nodemcu
V3,” J. Kaji. Tek. Elektro, 2018.
 Configure the Alexa App for Arduino IoT Cloud:

 Download and install the Amazon Alexa App from the Google play store or App Store.
 Tap on "More".
 Then select "Skills & Games".
 Search for Arduino and tap on "Arduino".
 Tap on "ENABLE TO USE".
 Log in with the Arduino Cloud credentials.
 Tap on CLOSE.
 Tap on "DISCOVER DEVICES". It will take a minute to add devices. During this time the
NodeMCU should be connected with the WiFi.
 Tap on "Devices", and tap on "Switches" to see all the devices.
 Thus, all the devices from Arduino IoT Cloud will be added to Amazon Alexa App.

You can also control the appliances from the Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App:

 Download and install the Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App from the Google play store
or App Store.
 Tap on SIGN IN
 Then log in to the Arduino IoT Cloud account
 Tap on the THING you have created to open the dashboard.
 Now, you can also control the relays from this Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App.
Configure the Alexa App for Arduino IoT Cloud: You can also control the appliances from the
•Download and install the Amazon Alexa App Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App:
from the Google play store or App Store. •Download and install the Arduino IoT Cloud
•Tap on "More". Remote App from the Google play store or App
•Then select "Skills & Games". Store.
•Search for Arduino and tap on "Arduino". •Tap on SIGN IN
•Tap on "ENABLE TO USE". •Then log in to the Arduino IoT Cloud account
•Log in with the Arduino Cloud credentials. •Tap on the THING you have created to open
•Tap on CLOSE. the dashboard.
•Tap on "DISCOVER DEVICES". It will take a •Now, you can also control the relays from this
minute to add devices. During this time the Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App.
NodeMCU should be connected with the WiFi.
•Tap on "Devices", and tap on "Switches" to see
all the devices. You can also control the appliances from the
•Thus, all the devices from Arduino IoT Cloud Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App:
will be added to Amazon Alexa App. •Download and install the Arduino IoT Cloud
Remote App from the Google play store or App
Store.
•Tap on SIGN IN
•Then log in to the Arduino IoT Cloud account
Configure the Alexa App for Arduino IoT Cloud: •Tap on the THING you have created to open the
•Download and install the Amazon Alexa App from dashboard.
the Google play store or App Store. •Now, you can also control the relays from this
•Tap on "More". Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App.
•Then select "Skills & Games".
•Search for Arduino and tap on "Arduino".
•Tap on "ENABLE TO USE".
•Log in with the Arduino Cloud credentials. Configure the Alexa App for Arduino IoT
•Tap on CLOSE. Cloud:
•Tap on "DISCOVER DEVICES". It will take a minute •Download and install the Amazon Alexa
to add devices. During this time the NodeMCU App from the Google play store or App
should be connected with the WiFi.
•Tap on "Devices", and tap on "Switches" to see all
Store.
the devices. •Tap on "More".
•Thus, all the devices from Arduino IoT Cloud will be •Then select "Skills & Games".
added to Amazon Alexa App. •Search for Arduino and tap on "Arduino".
•Tap on "ENABLE TO USE".
•Log in with the Arduino Cloud credentials.
You can also control the appliances from •Tap on CLOSE.
the Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App: •Tap on "DISCOVER DEVICES". It will take a
•Download and install the Arduino IoT minute to add devices. During this time the
Cloud Remote App from the Google play NodeMCU should be connected with the
store or App Store. WiFi.
•Tap on SIGN IN •Tap on "Devices", and tap on "Switches" to
•Then log in to the Arduino IoT Cloud see all the devices.
account •Thus, all the devices from Arduino IoT
•Tap on the THING you have created to Cloud will be added to Amazon Alexa App.
open the dashboard.
•Now, you can also control the relays from
this Arduino IoT Cloud Remote App.