GENERAL PHYSICS 1

QUARTER 1 – WEEK 5

NAME: _________________________________ GRADE & SECTION: ___________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No. 5 DATE ANSWERED:

NEWTON’S LAWS APPLICATION

As you start this activity it is important to have understanding about
the topic. This section will give you an overview about the concepts to help
you in learning the lesson.

LET’S KICK IT OFF!

TM
PhET Interactive Simulations, Copyright 2002-2021 University of Colorado Boulder

Based on the figure, what is the direction of the net force if the two teams
start pulling? Support your conclusion.
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___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
 ARE YOU TAKING IT?

ACTIVITY: FILL IN THE TABLE

DIRECTIONS: Express the answers in correct number of significant figures.
ACCELERATION (m/ s2
FORCE (N) MASS (KG)
)
57 N 25.3 m/ s2
75 KG 15.7 m/ s2
109 N 46 KG
18.5 KG 32.1 m/ s2
26.8 N 9.8 m/ s2
76 N 54.8 KG
118 N 48 m/ s2
36.0 KG 21.8 m/ s2

HERE HOW IT IS!

Newton’s Laws of Motion

1st Law of Motion

An object continues in a state of rest or in a state of motion at a constant

velocity (constant speed in a constant direction), unless compelled to
change that state by a net force.

2nd Law of Motion

When a net external force acts on an object of mass, the acceleration that
result is directly proportional to the net force and has a magnitude that is
inversely proportional to the mass. The direction of the acceleration is the
same as the direction of the net force.

3rd Law of Motion

Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object
exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on the first object.
 NOW YOU DO IT!

Problem Solving

1. A 7.26kg bowling ball (16 pounds) is at rest at the end of a bowling

lane. Use this information to answer the following questions.
a. What is the net force acting on the ball?
b. You push the ball with a force of 22.8N which induces a -2.3N
frictional force. What is the net force while you push the ball?
c. What is the acceleration caused by your push on the ball?
2. Encircle the corresponding law of motion based on the statement.
Justify your answer.

A book at rest on
top of the table

Hammering a nail
on wall

Leaning forward
when the vehicle
suddenly stops and
leaning backward
when the vehicle
start to accelerates

Recoiling of gun
after being fired
 ACE IT!

ASSESSMENT

Multiple Choice: Choose the BEST option for each item below. Use
CAPITAL LETTER.

1. Newton’s 1st Law of motion states that “an object at rest will remain at
rest and an object in motion will remain in motion, unless acted upon
by an external force”. Which of the following situation DOES NOT
show the application of this law?
a. book on top of the table
b. cart continuously moving on a frictionless surface
c. leaning backward when the vehicle accelerates
d. recoiling of gun after being fired
2. Suppose there are 2 groups playing “tug of war”, each group consists
of 5 members with different builds. Group A has a combined mass of
270 kg while Group B has 310 kg. With the given combined mass for
each group, between the two, which do you think will win in the tug of
war?
a. Group A
b. Group B
c. Both A and B
d. Neither of the two
3. These forces are equal in terms of its magnitude and of in opposite
direction which results no change in motion.
a. Balanced forces
b. Unbalanced forces
c. Equal forces
d. Both a and c
_______ 4. Imagine you are playing tug-of-war with your friends. Your team
starts by pulling really hard, with all its strength, on the other hand, the
other team is also pulling with an equal amount of force and in the opposite
direction. Suppose you place a flag in the center of the rope, in which
direction do you think will the flag be directed?
a. Left
b. Right
c. No movement at all
d. None of the above
_______ 5. You pushed the wall with 150 N of force and it did not move. How
many newton of force would be balancing the force you were applying?
a. 100 N
b. – 100 N
c. 150 N
d. -150 N
 GENERAL PHYSICS 1
QUARTER 1 – WEEK 6

NAME: _________________________________ GRADE & SECTION: ___________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No. 6 DATE ANSWERED:

WORK AND ENERGY

As you start this activity it is important to have understanding about
the topic. This section will give you an overview about the concepts to help
you in learning the lesson.

LET’S KICK IT OFF!

Matching Game.
Directions: Draw a line to match the right definition to the following terms.

1.
Stored energy of an object

2.

energy stored in materials as the Work

result of their stretching or
compressing.
Conservative Force
3.

Elastic Energy
Ability to do work

4. Energy

a force that offers a tendency for

Potential Energy
two-way conversion between
kinetic and potential energy

5.

Is equal to the force times the

distance
 ARE YOU TAKING IT?

Directions: Answer the questions below.

1. Why is energy important?

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2. Explain why it is easier to climb a mountain on a zigzag path rather
than one straight up the side?
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3. Describe a situation in which a force is exerted for a long time but
does no work. Explain.
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_____________________________________________________________________
4. - 5. Identify at least five (5) forms of energy found in your home.
Explain.
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

HERE HOW IT IS!

Notes to Ponder

Work

Work is the transfer of energy by a force acting on an object as it is

displaced. We define the work done as the product of the force and the
distance the object travels (W=Fd) when the force is constant and applied in
the same direction the object moves.
When a force acts to cause an object to be displaced, there will be
three quantities that must be known to compute for the work - force,
displacement, and the angle (between the force and the displacement). The
work is subsequently calculated as force • displacement • cosine(theta)
where theta (θ) is the angle between the force and the displacement vectors.

W = F d cos Ɵ

The SI unit for work and energy is the joule (J), where;
m2
1 J = 1 N . m = 1 kg .
s2

Sample Problem:

A man is pulling an object with a force having a magnitude of 10N on

the handle at an angle of 55°. If the boy pulls the object 60 meters, find the
work done by the force.
Given:
F = 10N
d = 60m
θ = 55°

Solution:
W = F d cos θ
= (10N) x (60m) cos(55°)
= (10N) x (60m) x 0.5736
= 344.15 N·m or 344.15 J

Work as the Area Under a Graph of Force vs. Position

One of the best and essential skills to improve in physics is how to

interpret and evaluate a graph. Among the topics and lessons, you’ve
encountered are position, velocity, and acceleration vs. time graphs. They
had a special definition whenever you saw the slopes of these graphs;
another is when taking the area under the line on the graph.
As you study the two figures below, you will see a force vs. position
(distance) relationship. You will find that the work is done by a constant
force F acting through a displacement (distance) ∆𝑥 can be described as the
area under the force vs. position graph of the motion.
 Example:

y
y
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0 2 4 6 8 x
0 2 4 6 8 x

Area rectangle = (height) x Area triangle = ½ (height) x

(base) (base)
W = height x base W = ½ (height) x (base)
W = F x d = area under the =½Fxd
graph = area under the graph

To calculate: To calculate:
W = height x base W = ½ (height) x
W = F x d = (4N) (2m) (base)
=8J =½Fxd
= ½ (4N) (3m)
= ½ (12 N·m)
= 6 N·m or 6 J

Potential Energy

Potential energy is the stored energy of an object due to its positions

(configurations) within its system. This energy is not an individual particle
but rather a property of the system. Such examples are spring which has
large potential energy when it is stretched or compressed and an iron ball
elevated above the ground to a certain height.

Gravitational Potential Energy

The energy possessed by a body as the result of its position or

configuration (height) is called gravitational potential energy. Energy can be
stored in an object to be able to do work, we can relate energy and work as a
similar entity. For example, a book at a tabletop possessed potential energy
under its position. Enable to put that book on the table, we must exert force
on it to be able to attain that position. We can say that the product of its
force and position or height from where it was taken is equal to the work
done on the object. Thus, the body stores gravitational potential energy that
could result in a work, the same with the work done to raise that object.

Elastic Potential Energy

Whenever an object is moved from one point to a second point, the

change in potential energy associated with a particular force is equal to the
negative of the work done by that force.

W = - (PE2 – PE1) = - ΔPE

On the other hand, we now consider another type of potential energy

associated with elastic materials. Spring is an example, which when
compressed or stretched, it possessed or stored potential energy. We refer to
this as elastic energy, which is the energy possessed or stored in elastic
materials as the result of their stretching or compressing.

Conservative and Non-conservative Force

Conservative Force

When we deal with a force that offers a tendency for two-way

conversion between kinetic and potential energies, this is called a
conservative force.

Nonconservative force

The nonconservative force cannot be done in that way in which the

work done will highly depend on the path taken of the object.

Conservative Force Nonconservative Force

 Gravitational  Friction
 Elastic  Air Resistance
 Electric  Tension in cord
 Motor or rocket propulsion
 Push or pull by a person
 NOW YOU DO IT!

FORCE VERSUS POSITION

Directions: Study the following graphs below and find the work done
from the given situations.

1. 2.
y
y

8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0 2 4 6 8 x
0 2 4 6 8 x

3. 4.

y y
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

0 2 4 6 8 x 0 2 4 6 8 x

5.

0 2 4 6 8 x
 ACE IT!

Assessment

Directions: Write the corresponding answer in the space provided for

each item.

_____1. Stretching an elastic material requires?

a. force b. distance c. momentum d. electricity

_____2. A match has________?

a. no energy b. potential energy c. kinetic energy d. nuclear energy

_____3. Your muscles change chemical energy into

a. mechanical energy
b. chemical energy
c. electric energy
d. nuclear energy

_____4. Work is measured in_______?

a. newton-pounds
b. watts
c. kilograms
d. newton-meters or joules

_____5. The relationship between work, force, and distance is

a. work = distance/force
b. work = force × distance
c. force = work × distance
d. distance = work × force