ADHDinschool
ADHDinschool
ADHDinschool
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Copyright © 2016 Russell Barkley. ley. ManADHD
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ADHD is far more than just a problem with attention, hyperactivity, or impulsiveness.
It is a disorder of the brain’s executive system – a system essential for effective
functioning in school and in most other important domains of life. And because the
executive system is the basis for self-regulation, ADHD is also a self-regulation deficit
disorder. These underlying neuropsychological difficulties in ADHD create the various
school-based problems seen in most children and teens with the disorder.
How To Score:
If you wish, you can even score the scale to get two numbers. One is the number of
problem settings (“yes” answers) and the second is the mean severity score. It is
computed by adding up all of the ratings (circled numbers) across all of the situations
which you indicated were a problem (Yes answers) for this child. Don’t include the
situations for which you answered “no”, because those would not have been rated
on the 1–9 scale. Then divide this sum by the number of problem settings (# of Yes
answers). Save this scale as your baseline measure. If you want to know just how
unusual these scores are for this child compared to typical children, here is a rough
guideline of cutoff scores for the scale. The numbers in the table are broken down
separately for boys and girls and for two different age groups. If the child you
have rated has a rating at or above these numbers for their age and sex, then that
child is at or above the 93rd percentile for the population. That is a typical cutoff for
determining if a child is having significant or “clinical levels” of problem behavior.
Score Guidelines
Boys Girls
# of Problem # of Problem
Age Range Mean Severity Mean Severity
Settings Settings
Instructions: Does this child present any problems with compliance to instructions, commands, or rules
for you in any of these situations? If so, please circle the word Yes and then circle a number beside that
situation that describes how severe the problem is for you. If this child is not a problem in a situation,
circle No and go on to the next situation on the form.
At recess Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
At lunch Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
From Barkley, R. A. Defiant Children. Copyright 1997 by The Guilford Press. Reprinted with permission.
Copyright © 2016 Russell Barkley. Managing ADHD In School. All rights reserved.
for Daily School Report Cards
Daily behavior report cards for children with ADHD are effective tools for proactive
teaching and behavior management rather than the customary reactive approach.
Using:
A daily school behavior report card involves having the teacher send home an
evaluation of the child’s behavior in school that day, which can be used by parents
to give or take away rewards available at home. These cards have been shown to be
effective in modifying a wide range of problems with children at school.
How:
Using this system, teacher reports are typically sent home on a daily basis. As the child’s
behavior improves, the daily reports can be reduced to twice weekly (Wednesdays and
Fridays), once weekly, or even monthly, and finally phased out altogether. A variety of
daily report cards may be developed and tailored for each child.
Some of the behaviors targeted for the program may include both social conduct
(shares, plays well with peers, follows rules) and academic performance (completes
math or reading assignments). Targeting low academic performance (poor production
of work) may be especially effective.
Examples of behaviors to target include completing all (or a specified portion of ) work,
staying in the assigned seat, following teacher directions, and playing cooperatively
with others. Negative behaviors (e.g., aggression, destruction, calling out) may also be
included as target behaviors to be reduced by the program. In addition to targeting
class performance, homework may be included.
It is recommended that the number of target behaviors to work on be kept to about
four or five. Start out by focusing on just a few behaviors you wish to change, to help
maximize the child’s success in the program. When these behaviors are going well, you
can add a few more problem behaviors as targets for change. We recommend including
at least one or two positive behaviors that the child is currently doing well with, so that
the child will be able to earn some points during the beginning of the program.
Advantages:
Overall, daily school behavior report cards can be as or even more effective than
classroom-based behavior management programs, with effectiveness increased when
combined with classroom-based programs.
Daily reports seem particularly well suited for children because the children often
benefit from the more frequent feedback than is usually provided at school. These
programs also give parents more frequent feedback than would normally be provided
by the child. As you know, most children, when asked how their school day went, give
you a one-word answer, “Fine,” which may not be accurate.
These report card programs also can remind parents when to reward a child’s
behavior, and forewarn parents when behavior is becoming a problem at school and
will require more intensive work. In addition, the type and quality of rewards available
in the home are usually far more extensive than those available in the classroom, a
factor that may be critical with children who need more powerful rewards.
Daily School Behavior Report Card
Child’s name______________________________________________________Date________________
Teacher______________________________________________________________________________
Please rate this child’s behavior today in the areas listed below. Use a separate column for each subject or class
period. Use the following ratings: 1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = fair, 4 = poor, and 5 = very poor. Then initial the box
at the bottom of your column. Add any comments about the child’s behavior today on the back of this card.
Class periods/subjects
Behaviors to be rated: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Class participation
Quality of homework, if
any given
Teacher’s initials
From Defiant Children. Copyright 1997 by The Guilford Press. Reprinted with permission.
Copyright © 2016 Russell Barkley. Managing ADHD In School. All rights reserved.
Daily Recess and Free Time
Behavior Report Card
Child’s name______________________________________________________Date________________
Teacher______________________________________________________________________________
Please rate this child’s behavior today during recess or other free time periods in the areas listed below. Use a
separate column for each recess/free time period. Use the following ratings: 1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = fair,
4 = poor, and 5 = very poor. Then initial at the bottom of the column. Add any comments on the back.
Class periods/subjects
Behaviors to be rated: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Teacher’s initials
From Defiant Children. Copyright 1997 by The Guilford Press. Reprinted with permission.
Copyright © 2016 Russell Barkley. Managing ADHD In School. All rights reserved.
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