ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First and foremost I whole heartedly thank the Lord

almighty for blessing us and guiding us throughout the
project work. I render my heartful thanks to our guide Mr.
DEEPAK BATHAM for giving us opportunity to do this
project. I also thank our staff members for helping us throughout
this project. I also express my heartful thanks to my parents,
friends one and all who helped us to carry our project
in a successful manner.
 ABSTRACT

This project provides complete information on the topic

"AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL INDICATOR" and maximum
efforts have been taken to make the project more comprehensive
and lucid to understand. This project covers a variety of sub
topics like basic information, its working, day to day uses in life
and different aspects of Water Level Indicator System. One may
notice a perceptible change in written in an easy dialogue style
engaging the readers constantly and included with more
informatics comments. I assure you to go through this project
thoroughly to know a bit more and facts about automatic water
level indicator.
 CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………..... i

• INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………… 1

• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION………………………………………………………..
……………………………2

• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

• COMPONENT DESCRIPTION …………………..………………………………………………5

• RESISTOR

• TRANSISTOR

• LED

• BUZZER

• POWER SUPPLY/BATTERY

• IMPLEMENTATION ………………………………………………………………………………9

• WORKING PRINCIPLE

• PROCEDURE

• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES………………………………………………………12

• COCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE……………………………………………………………14

• REFERENCES ………………............………….......................................................…………………..14
 LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Circuit Diagram ……………..........................…….3

3.1 Resistor …………………………………………….5

3.2 Transistor ………………………………………….6

3.3 Led ............................................................................

3.4 Buzzer ……………………………………………..7

3.5 Power supply/Battery…......………………………..8

 INTRODUCTION

Today I am going to talk about a very useful project that I had taken up. It is called
the Water Level Indicator. Nowadays everybody has overhead tank at their homes.
But everyone who has a water tank above knows the kind of problems that they
face. Firstly there is no system to track the water in the tank. Then there come a
secondary problem that is when their water pump is started they have no idea when
it gets filled up and sometimes there are situation where the pump keeps on
pumping water to the tank and the water starts spilling out from the tank. There is
wastage of energy as well as wastage of water.

CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION

The water level indicator circuit diagram monitors the level of water in the tank
and simultaneously switches on the water pump whenever the water level goes low
in the water tank. The water level of the tank is indicated by using the LED’s and if
the water level in the tanker is full then the water pump is turned off completely.
2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 2.1: WATER LEVEL INDICATOR CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

We can consider this whole circuit as 4 small circuits, each one
for indicating/alarming, when a particular level (A,B,C,D) of
water have been reached.

When water level reaches to point A, circuit with RED LED &
transistor Q1 gets completed and RED LED glows. Similarly
when water level reaches to point B, circuit with YELLOW
LED and transistor Q2 gets completed and Yellow LED glows,
same goes with point C. And finally when tank gets full (Point
D), circuit with buzzer gets completed and buzzer starts beeping.
 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

3.1 RESISTOR
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can
dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or
operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as
a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light,
humidity, force, or chemical activity.
 Figure 3.1: Resistor

3.2 TRANSISTOR
 Figure 3.2: Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals

and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least
three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to
one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through an other pair of
terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling
(input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal.

3.3 Led
LED stands for light emitting diode. LED lighting products produce light up to
90% more efficiently than incandescent light bulbs. How do they work? An
electrical current passes through a microchip, which illuminates the tiny light
sources we call LEDs and the result is visible light.
 Figure 3.3: Led

3.4 BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.

Types of buzzer:

Electromechanical: Early devices were based on an electromechanical system

identical to an electric bell without the metal gong. Similarly, a relay may be
connected to interrupt its own actuating current, causing the contacts to buzz.
Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling to use it as a sounding board.
The word "buzzer" comes from the rasping noise that electromechanical buzzers
made.

Mechanical: A joy buzzer is an example of a purely mechanical buzzer. They

require drivers,

Piezoelectric: A piezoelectric element may be driven by an oscillating electronic

circuit or other audio signal source, driven with a piezoelectric audio amplifier.
Sounds commonly used to indicate that a button has been pressed are a click, n
ring or a beep. Battery 9v: An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells with external connections provided to power electrical
devices such as flashlights, smart phones, and electric cars. When a battery is
supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative
terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that
when connected to an external circuit will flow and deliver energy to an external
device. When a battery is connected to an external circuit, electrolytes are able to
move as ions within, allowing the chemical reactions to be completed at the
separate terminals and so deliver energy to the external circuit. It is the movement
of those ions within the battery which allows current to flow out of the battery to
perform work. Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device
composed of multiple cells, however the usage has evolved additionally to include
devices composed of a single cell.
 Figure 3.4: Buzzer

3.5 POWER SUPPLY/BATTEY

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical

load. The main purpose of a power supply is to convert electric current from a
source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result,
power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some
power supplies are separate standalone pieces of equipment, while others are built
into the load appliances that they power. Examples of the latter include power
supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices. Other
functions that power supplies may perform include limiting the current drawn by
the load to safe levels, shutting off the current in the event of an electrical fault,
power conditioning to prevent electronic noise or voltage surges on the input from
reaching the load, power-factor correction, and storing energy so it can continue to
power the load in the event of a temporary interruption in the source power.

A battery is a device that stores electric power in the form of chemical energy.
When necessary, the energy is again released as electric power for DC consumers
such as lighting and starter motors. A battery consists of several galvanic cells with
a voltage of 2 volt each.
 Figure 3.5: Power supply / Battery

IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Working Principle

The water level indicator circuit consists of a transistor element and a buzzer which
indicates the overflow of water or excessive water in the container. When the water
reaches to maximum limit it shows and blinks the LED with buzzer sound to stop
pouring or filling water. Let’s make our indicator to save water with automated
technology.

4.1 Procedure

1) Insert BC547 transistor on the breadboard. The left one is collector, the middle
one is base and the last one is the emitter.

2) Insert the other two transistors as well on the breadboard

3) Connect resistors to al the collector terminals of the transistor of the breadboard

4) Now insert the green Led with its anode to the emitter of first transistor and
cathode to the negative rail of the breadboard and do the same for white and red
LEDs.

5) Now connect the buzzer on the breadboard. Connect the negative wire of the
buzzer to the negative rail of the breadboard and positive wire to the emitter of the
third transistor.
6) Connect one wire each to the base of the transistors. Dip the other end of the
wire in the container with water, it is important to dip the wires in the water level-
wise and not keep the bare ends of the wire on the same level.

7) Connect the power to the circuit and start adding water to the bowl and see the
LED's light up sequentially and the buzzer buzzing at the end.

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:
1. POWER SAVER

Living in an age where we need to be more conscious of the energy that we use, a
water level controller is ideal at saving power. Normally, regulating water levels
can consume electricity and wastewater. However, with automatic controllers, the
electricity usage is limited as well as less water needed to regulate supply.

2. MONEY SAVER

A water level controller helps save money by limiting the waste of water and
electricity. These devices accurately regulate how much energy is used to protect
against any unnecessary water/electricity usage. Over time, the money saved is
quite substantial.

3. AUTOMATIC

Another notable advantage with these devices is that they regulate on their own.
Eliminating manual operations with a timer switch, the frustrations of manual
monitoring water tanks are minimized. Water levels are maintained at the
appropriate levels thanks to the automatic operations of these devices.

4. WATER MAXIMIZATION

On average, water pumps are used more during midday. A water level controller
can maximize the water usage provided during midday while automatically
lessening the water usage at night. This results in an appropriate level of water at
all times being maintained, while providing you with the maximum use of your
water at the appropriate times.

5. RELIABLE ELECTRONIC DESIGN

Addressing the durability problems found in earlier designs, the solid-state

electronics in the newer models help to eliminate them. Not only do they help to
eliminate the durability issues, but they also create considerable savings of the life
span of the unit with an advanced modular design. In order to minimize problem
areas of these designs, the only moving parts are the relays. These relays are easily
replaced and tested by any skilled operator or electrician while being an
inexpensive part.

6. NEW CONTROL MINIMIZE FOULING & DETERIORATION

Proving to be less costly, over time, than the original float design for the ‘toilet
tank’. The solid-state electronics are designed to minimize volt usage (less than 1
volt). This directly minimizes the mineral fouling, plating, rusting, and
deterioration of probes, proving to be safer and more efficient. These factors
extend the life span of the controllers significantly, which saves money and energy.

7. EASY INSTALLATION WITH LED MONITORING

These new solid-state electronics and integrated electronics offer superior

performance, hassle-free installation, and lower cost to operate over time when
compared to the lifespan of the original design. For continuous monitoring, the
integrated firmware and digital dry-contact circuitry easily and quickly connect to
the automation systems of a building. Each function of the integrated electronics
and relays use LED lights to offer operators the ability to visually scan them in
order to verify proper operations.

DISADVANTAGES:

 Water level controls need to be replaced every 3 years.

 The rust, foul and deteriorate

 Electronics are usually built separately

 More difficult installation

 Most float switches are outdated

 No LED indicator lights

 No Warranty or Guarantee

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION
The rain water detector-alarm system will be useful in both domestic and industrial
applications. It alerts the users of the presence of rain when it is just alt to rain as
even the minutest droplets of water triggers it ON thereby giving the user ample
ime to retrieve possessions, shut windows, and in some cases prepare to harvest
rain water. The device when properly placed to receive the first set of droplets of
rain water can save the user from damaging possessions that were being
sundried/prevent rain from entering homes, offices, and silos etc.

FUTURE SCOPE

The water level indicator circuits are used in factories, chemical plants, and
electrical substations and in other liquid storage systems. There are many possible
uses for this simple system, examples include monitoring a sump pit (to control
pump activation), rainfall detection, and leakage detection.

REFERENCES
[1] https://circuitdigest.com

[2] https://hackster.io

[3] https://scribb.com

[4] Embeddronics.http//www.embeddronics.com