Engineering

Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

Abstract

This specification defines minimum data, format, application, and quality requirements for
barcoding and traceability of individual components, assemblies and sub-assemblies for suppliers.
The supplier shall strictly adhere to this specification, in addition to what is specified on part
drawings.

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

Table of Contents

Heading Page Number

Abstract ...............................................................................................................................1
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................2
1. Scope ..............................................................................................................................3
2. Applicable Documents ...................................................................................................3
3. Definitions ......................................................................................................................3
4. Data and Format .............................................................................................................6
4.1. 2D Barcodes...........................................................................................................6
Figure 1: Data Matrix of Part Number, Serial, and Supplier/Vendor ID.......................8
Figure 2: Data Matrix of Part Number, Lot, and Supplier/Vendor ID ..........................9
Figure 3: Data Matrix of Part Number Only................................................................10
4.2. 1D Barcode ..........................................................................................................11
4.3. Human Readable Information (HRI) ...................................................................12
5. Location ........................................................................................................................12
5.1. Methods for Specifying Location of Barcode and HRI on the Drawing .............13
5.2. Location and Size Dimensions ............................................................................13
5.3. Location of CES 18111 Human Readable Information.......................................13
Figure 4: Method One for a Label ...............................................................................14
Figure 5: Method One for a Direct Part Mark .............................................................15
Figure 6: Method Two for a Label...............................................................................16
Figure 7: Method Two for a Direct Part Mark.............................................................17
Figure 8: Detail for Limiting Label Edges...................................................................18
6. Marking Methods .........................................................................................................19
6.1. Labels: Paper........................................................................................................19
6.2. Direct Part Marking: Laser Etching/Laser Annealing .........................................20
6.3. Direct Part Marking: Dot Peening/Engraving .....................................................20
7. Quality Control Requirements......................................................................................21
7.1. Customer Approval..............................................................................................21
7.2. Suppliers’ In-process Verification .......................................................................21
7.3. Label Functional Requirements: Substrates ........................................................23
7.4. Conditions for Corrective Action on Suppliers ...................................................23
8. Packaging Requirements and Labels for Packaging ....................................................23
9. Reference Readings ......................................................................................................23

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

1. Scope
This specification applies to barcode and traceability provided directly on individual components,
assemblies and sub-assemblies and does not change or negate any part(s) of CES 18111. The
supplier shall strictly adhere to this specification, in addition to what is specified on the
part drawings.

2. Applicable Documents
Applicable documents listed below may be obtained from the respective organizations listed in
CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses.

a. AIAG B-4, Parts Identification and Tracking Application Standard

b. AIAG B-8, Quality Assurance Guide for Shipping Labels
c. AIAG B-17, 2D Direct Parts Marking Guideline
d. ISO/IEC TR 29158 (AIM DPM-1-2006), Direct Part Mark (DPM) Quality Guideline
e. ANSI INCITS 182, Information Systems-Bar Code Print Quality-Guideline
f. ASME Y14.43, Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and Fixtures
g. CES 10054, Standards Organizations Addresses
h. CES 10056, Glossary
i. CES 18111, Identification, Prod Item
j. CES 19041, Global Packaging Std-Production Parts (For more details, refer to the supplier
portal: https://supplier.cummins.com)
k. ISO 15415, Information Technology-Automatic Identification and Data Capture
Techniques-Barcode Symbol Print Quality Test Specification-Two-dimensional Symbols
l. ISO 16022, Information Technology Automatic Identification and Data Capture
Techniques Data Matrix Barcode Symbology Specification
m. MHI MH10.8.2, Data Identifier & Application Identifier Standard

3. Definitions
Terms used in this standard that have a general definition for usage in Cummins Engineering
Standards are defined in CES 10056, Glossary, or CES 18111. The definitions below are provided
to clarify the terminology used in this standard. A more detailed list and explanation of definitions
is provided in AIAG B-4.

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

3.1. 1D Barcode

1D Barcode is linear or one-dimensional type symbol most commonly used on most consumer
products. Depending on the specific type, data is encoded as a function of the width of the dark
lines and the space between them. Hence, they are also called linear barcodes. Common types
include Code 39 and Code 128.

3.2. 2D Barcode

2D Barcode is a two dimensional type symbol that contains data as a function of the specific
arrangement of dark and light squares. The codes contain data in two directions, along the X and
Y axis. Common symbologies include Data Matrix, PDF 417 and QR code.

3.3. Check Digits

Check Digits is an error checking method used in 1D barcodes.

3.4. Data Field

Data Field is the actual upper case alphabetic and numeric characters that is encoded as opposed
to format characters like the data identifier. For example, in the string 1T1234567; 1T is the data
identifier (format character) while 1234567 is the data field. 1T stands for Item lot code assigned
by the manufacturing supplier which is 1234567.

3.5. Data Identifier (DI)

A data identifier is an upper case alphabetic character or a combination of an alphabetic and

numeric characters. It is a prefix to the data and defines what the data that follows it represents. For
example: P1234567 would mean 1234567 is the Cummins assigned part number, where P-the data
identifier-stands for Cummins assigned part number.

3.6. Data Separator (also known as Delimiters)

Data Separator is a character used to separate data fields to facilitate decoding.

3.7. Direct Part Mark

Direct part mark is a barcode symbol marking that is directly applied onto the part surface (dot
peening, laser marking, etc.)

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Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

3.8. Error Checking and Correcting 200 (ECC 200)

Error Checking and Correcting 200 is an algorithm defined in ISO 16022 that builds in
redundancies in the 2D Data Matrix barcode so that reading is possible even after suffering about
40% of damage.

3.9. Intrusive Marking Methods

Intrusive marking methods alter a part’s surface (abrade, cut, burn, vaporize, etc.) and can affect
surface strength or generate stress risers. These methods should be considered “controlled defects”
and may degrade material properties beyond acceptable limits. Metallurgical testing may be
required for some intrusive markings, especially on thin stampings (e.g. oil pans).

3.10. Module (also known as Cell or Element)

Module is a single cell in a Data Matrix used to encode one bit of data.

3.11. Non-intrusive Marking Methods

Non-intrusive marking methods generally do not affect surface strength or generate stress risers.
These methods add marking material (labels, ink jet, laser bonding), leave raised material (cast/
forge/mold), or leave depressions (cast/forge/mold).

3.12. Overlays

Overlay is a clear, removable film provided as part of a label. The barcode label is scanned
(readable) through the clear overlay prior to paint. After the component is painted, the overlay is
then removed to expose the label and can be rescanned.

3.13. Quiet Zone

Quiet Zone is the empty region of space required around 1D or 2D barcodes as defined in
international standards. For 2D barcodes, quiet zones are required all around the symbol whereas
for 1D barcodes, quiet zones are required at the leading and trailing ends.

3.14. Reading (also known as Decoding)

Reading is defined as extracting the data from the symbol. The reading process differs from
verification process as defined in Section 3.17. Verification on page 6.

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Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

3.15. Symbol Dimension

Symbol Dimension is the overall physical length and width dimensions of the 2D barcode usually
specified in millimeters.

3.16. Symbol Size

Symbol Size is the number of rows and columns in a Data Matrix.

3.17. Verification
Verification is the quality grading of a barcode (1D or 2D) on any medium (label or direct mark on
parts) per defined quality metrics. Quality metrics are defined in industry verification standards.
Typically, quality metrics are graded on a Pass/Fail basis and/or a graded basis. Graded basis
implies that certain quality metrics are measured and scored typically between A to F depending
on the verification standard used. Verification of barcode quality is not the same as scanning and
being able to read the barcode.
3.18. X-Dimension
X-Dimension is the dimension of the most basic square element (dark or light module) in a 2D
barcode usually specified in mils; where 1 mil = 1/1000 inch.

4. Data and Format

4.1. 2D Barcodes
4.1.1. Data Matrix is the only Cummins approved symbology for 2D barcode. Some of the
data commonly contained in a 2D barcode are as follows, along with their data identifiers:
a. Cummins part number (Prefixed by data identifier “P”, designating the part code or number as
determined and specified on the Cummins drawing, at the ID-level at which the part is purchased)
b. Supplier serial number for component traceability to raw material (Prefixed by data
identifier “S”, designating the unique supplier-assigned serial number) (Refer to Section
4.1.4.2. on page 8 if serial number not unique by itself.)
c. Supplier lot code, for component traceability to raw material (Prefixed by data identifier
“1T”, designating supplier assigned traceability information for non serialized, batch
processed components, such as lot code, heat code, date code, etc. correlating back to raw
material.)

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Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.1.1. (Continued)...

d. Supplier/Vendor ID, defined in CES 18111 as Supplier/Vendor Identification (ID) which is a

combination of Cummins assigned Supplier Number and Supplier Site Number separated by a
dash, in the format 123456-ABCDE (Prefixed by data identifier “V”). Refer to the Supplier
Information Management (SIM) System at the supplier portal (https://supplier.cummins.com)
e. Other component specific data only if required to control the process for example Trim
Codes, Part Pairing, etc (refer to MHI MH10.8.2)

4.1.2. In every case, data shall be separated by semicolon as a data separator. There is no fixed
length for each data field. The data is bounded by the data identifier at the beginning and data
separator, or end of string, at the end. No padded characters (blank spaces) or non-printable
characters are allowed in a 2D code dataset. No semicolons or end characters are to be used except
as separators. If character limits exist in any field, per customer requirements, these limits shall be
specified on the drawing in a note.

4.1.3. When the drawing contains a safety critical characteristic, denoted by the symbol,

it is mandatory to use barcode methods (example: barcode, direct part marking, etc.) containing
either lot code, date code or serial number component level traceability information to Cummins
with its appropriate annotation.

4.1.4. Not all parts require traceability. Where traceability is specified, enough of the above
fields shall be present in the Data Matrix or barcode to provide full supplier traceability through
their manufacturing process. The minimum fields required in the Data Matrix shall be specified on
the engineering drawing. Supplier shall adhere to drawing requirements.

4.1.4.1. The information required for traceability and the format of the serial or lot code may
vary from one supplier to another. Using their internal systems, the supplier shall be able to trace
product defect issues given the tracking number. The supplier should exercise good judgment in
determining the most important information to capture in a serial number or lot code for component
traceability. The Tier 1 supplier is expected to have traceability back to raw material. Supplier shall
work with Cummins Supplier Quality Engineering. Cummins Supplier Quality Engineer shall
document specific format of the 2D Data Matrix, character by character, in the Production Part
Approval Process (PPAP) documentation.

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Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.1.4.2. Where component traceability to raw material is required, the drawing shall specify
the requirement of serial number or lot code. A unique serial number may consist of various
manufacturing data to make it unique. A lot code may consist of information that is repeated part
to part made in batch.

4.1.4.2.1. The preferred format and information that is to be included in a serial number to
make it unique:

Production line prefix + Production Date + Sequential number of part produced - Date of
Production in Julian format - YYDDD

Example format with Cummins Part Number, Serial Tracking, and Supplier/Vendor ID (all in one
barcode, "_" underscore denotes data identifiers, symbols are not to scale):

PA1234A1234;SABC191231234;V123456-ABCDE

Example of data matrix (square and rectangle respectively) symbol only:

Figure 1: Data Matrix of Part Number, Serial, and Supplier/Vendor ID

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.1.4.2.2. The preferred format and information that is to be included in lot code is the
following:

Production line prefix + Production Date + Lot number or Heat Code (only if applicable) - Date
of Production in Julian format - YYDDD

Example format with Cummins Part Number, Lot tracking (without Lot number or heat code
applicable), and Supplier/Vendor ID (all in one barcode, "_" underscore denotes data identifiers,
symbols are not to scale):

PA1234A1234;1TABC19123;V123456-ABCDE

Example of data matrix (square and rectangle respectively) symbol only:

Figure 2: Data Matrix of Part Number, Lot, and Supplier/Vendor ID

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.1.4.2.3. The preferred format and information when neither serial or lot traceability is to be
included.

Example data content format with Cummins Part Number only ("_" underscore denotes data
identifiers, symbols are not to scale):

PA1234A1234

Example of data matrix (square and rectangle respectively) symbol only:

Figure 3: Data Matrix of Part Number Only

4.1.4.2.4. The detailed breakdown for serial number or lot code format should not be listed on
the drawing; but should be recorded in the PPAP documentation and shall be shared with the
Product Engineer or Designer, upon request.

4.1.4.3. Part number, serial number, and Supplier/Vendor ID are always preferred contents
for barcoded information. Yet the drawing shall provide specific data requirements per each
Cummins Part Number. Refer to Figure 4: Method One for a Label on page 14; Figure 5: Method
One for a Direct Part Mark on page 15; Figure 6: Method Two for a Label on page 16; Figure 7:
Method Two for a Direct Part Mark on page 17; Figure 8: Detail for Limiting Label Edges on page
18 to see the preferred example of how the required contents of a 2D Barcode and human readable
information will be displayed on a drawing.

4.1.5. If more than one set of data is present in the barcode, the order of the data shall be that
the part number be the first in the string, followed by serial number or lot code, then supplier/
vendor ID. Other component specific data shall be placed after those data fields.

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.1.6. Data Matrix barcodes should have an X Dimension of 0.25 mm-0.88 mm (10-35 mils).
The actual X Dimension should be decided upon after due testing of surface finish and readability
of the mark. Guidelines for determining a suitable X Dimension for a given surface finish are
provided in AIAG B-17. The symbol dimensions shall meet the requirements specified in AIAG
B-4, table titled “2D Symbol Size Classifications by Element and Symbol Dimensions”. The
preferred 2D symbol size (dimensionally) is C or D on a flat surface as defined in AIAG B-4. Data
Matrix codes located on round/curved surfaces shall not have the symbol dimension exceed 16%
of the component diameter. Rectangular dimension codes may be used for such applications with
limited space or as required to meet the 16% rule above on round/curved surfaces.

4.1.7. Data Matrix 2D barcodes shall include a quiet zone consisting of a minimum of one
X- dimension and shall incorporate at least ECC-200 error-correction data.

4.2. 1D Barcode

4.2.1. Though 1D barcoding type is permitted, 2D is the preferred barcoding type.

4.2.2. Code 39 is the only Cummins approved symbology for 1D barcode. Its data format shall
meet the requirements as specified in AIAG B-4. Fields should consist of a data identifier,
immediately followed by its associated data. Only one data field is allowed per symbol.

4.2.3. For approved data identifier, please refer to MHI MH10.8.2 Data Application
Identifier Standard.

4.2.3.1. Barcode Format Examples ("_" underscore denotes data identifiers):

a. Cummins part number only PA1234A1234

b. Supplier serial number only SAAA191231234
c. Supplier lot code only 1TAAA19123

4.2.4. Code 39 barcode densities and dimensions shall meet the requirements as specified in
AIAG B-4 under the corresponding section.

4.2.5. Code 39 barcode quiet zones shall meet the requirements as specified in AIAG B-4,
under the corresponding section. Check digits shall not be added in Code 39 barcodes. No extra or
special characters shall be added in 1D Barcode content.

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Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

4.3. Human Readable Information (HRI)

In this standard, HRI refers to only the human readable information that is associated with
the barcode.

4.3.1. The human readable information (HRI) shall appear as specified in the engineering
drawing. The HRI shall not include the coded start or stop characters, but shall represent the
encoded information. Cummins’ preference is to receive HRI with data identifiers in parenthesis
per AIAG B-4, as shown in Section 4.3.1.1. HRI Format Examples: on page 12.

4.3.1.1. HRI Format Examples:

a. (P)1234567
b. (S)123456789

4.3.2. HRI minimum character height should be 2.0 mm [0.079 in], unless otherwise specified
on the drawing.

4.3.3. All data in the barcode should be printed/etched as HRI with the data identifiers and
parenthesis. If space is limited, the Cummins part number can be provided without data identifiers,
parenthesis, and other data in the barcode.

5. Location
When location, size, or orientation is critical (component function or reader capability), the
engineering drawing will specify all boundary location and size dimensions / orientation for the
barcode and HRI in addition to the method of marking (e.g.: laser or dot-peen), the type of barcode
(e.g.: 1D or 2D) and the medium (e.g.: label or direct part mark).

NOTE:

If the barcode and HRI can be read from any location on a given surface, a boundary with location
and size dimensions is not required on the drawing. A leader to the surface from the barcode note
is sufficient definition for the location and size.

If the barcode and HRI are to be placed on a metal tag, a boundary with location and size
dimensions is not required on the drawing.

If the barcode and HRI can be read from any location on a straight length of a tube, location and
size dimensions of the boundary are not required on the drawing.

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

If a barcode reader or a human reader can interpret the barcode or HRI from any direction, an
orientation symbol and note are not required on the drawing.

5.1. Methods for Specifying Location of Barcode and HRI on the Drawing

5.1.1. Method One for Specifying Location of Barcode and HRI on a Drawing

Both barcode symbol and HRI text are to be located in a common rectangular boundary (region).
The barcode and HRI shall be located within the specified boundary without concern for their
relevance to each other as long as they do not overlap or interfere with legibility or use of an
electronic reader. See Figure 4: Method One for a Label on page 14 and Figure 5: Method One for
a Direct Part Mark on page 15.

5.1.2. Method Two for Specifying Location of Barcode and HRI on the Drawing
Both barcode symbol and HRI text are to be located within the specified boundary (region),
however, the barcode symbol shall be placed in a specific smaller dimensioned boundary within the
larger boundary. The HRI may be totally or partially inside the smaller boundary as long as it does
not overlap the barcode or interfere with legibility or use of an electronic reader. See Figure 6:
Method Two for a Label on page 16 and Figure 7: Method Two for a Direct Part Mark on page 17.
5.2. Location and Size Dimensions

The boundary size and location are specified with basic dimensions similar to dimensions that
define datum target areas. Gaging tolerances per ASME Y14.43 apply.

5.3. Location of CES 18111 Human Readable Information

In addition, human readable information related to CES 18111 (such as Cummins logo, country of
Origin, Part Number, etc.) may be located inside the boundary with the barcode HRI using the same
marking equipment or label, if space permits and legibility requirements are satisfied. Human
readable information related to CES 18111 should not be included in the barcode data content
unless required by the drawing as barcoded information.

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

this on a drawing

LABEL
SIZE TO
SUIT

Barcode symbol and HRI text

shall be located anywhere
(P)1234567
inside the boundary.

Label edges are permitted

outside the boundary.

Chain Lines shown on the drawing

indicate location of Barcode symbol
and HRI text. These lines shall not
appear on the physical label.

LABEL SIZE
TO SUIT

Figure 4: Method One for a Label

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

this on a drawing

(P)1234567

Barcode symbol and HRI text

shall be located anywhere
inside the boundary.

Chain Lines shown on the drawing indicate

location of Barcode symbol and HRI text.
These lines shall not appear on the physical part.

Figure 5: Method One for a Direct Part Mark

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

this on a drawing

LABEL SIZE
TO SUIT

Label edges are permitted

outside the boundary.

(P)1234567
Barcode symbol shall be located
inside the smaller boundary.

HRI text shall be located inside

the larger boundary.
It may be totally or partially
inside the smaller boundary.

Chain Lines shown on the drawing

indicate location of Barcode symbol
and HRI text. These lines shall not
appear on the physical label.

LABEL SIZE TO SUIT

Figure 6: Method Two for a Label

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 Engineering
Standards
Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

Identifier
(FEATURE)

this on a drawing

Barcode symbol shall be located

inside the smaller boundary.
(P)1234567

HRI text shall be located inside

the larger boundary.
It may be totally or partially
inside the smaller boundary.

Chain Lines shown on the drawing indicate

location of Barcode symbol and HRI text.
These lines shall not appear on the physical part.

Figure 7: Method Two for a Direct Part Mark

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Name BARCODE LABELING & PART MARKING TRACEABILITY Engineering Standard Number

CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

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Figure 8: Detail for Limiting Label Edges

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6. Marking Methods
Marking Methods Consideration

6.1. Labels: Paper

6.1.1. Labels provide excellent low-or no-capital-cost marking when processing permits
application onto clean, dry components. They provide both the high contrast and the requisite
“quiet zones” for reliable decoding. However, the component supplier shall ensure that labels
satisfy generally accepted adhesion requirements (Section 9. Reference Readings on page 23, item
c.). Considerations before planning a printed label program include:

a. Ability to produce the 1D or 2D symbology(s).

b. Ability to process on required media (size, backed media if self-adhesive).
c. Shelf life and minimum order quantities of media, adhesive and consumables.
d. Media/consumables compatibility with printer hardware (meets printer
manufacturer specifications).
e. Software compatibility to the printer.
f. Communication compatibility for the printer (protocol, wiring).
g. User’s scanner compatibility with media and consumables (e.g. infrared scanners are
frequently incompatible with thermal media and dye-based inks).
h. Print capacity-average and maximum (labels per hour).
i. Service and support for both the printer and the media.
j. Backup printing hardware.
k. Can the printer produce graphics if they are required?
l. Ability to verify legibility “in-house”.

6.1.2. All labels on components shall adhere to the surface with reliable decodes required
throughout the reading plants assembly process until hot test or paint. Suppliers shall ensure that
all labels are scratch and smudge resistant. Further, when clear overlays are required, suppliers
shall ensure reliable decodes through the overlays and the overlay shall cover the entire label.

6.1.3. Unless specified otherwise, all labels on components shall adhere to the surface
completely without having any part of the label hanging. For example, a label that goes around a
tube needs to completely wrap around the tube instead of creating a “tail”. This is to avoid a
situation where the tail of a label might touch a nearby heat element and melt. If it is not feasible
to have a readable label without creating a tail, an exception is allowed as long as the label cannot
come into contact with any heat element when in use and if it is approved by Cummins.

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CORPORATE MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION 18287

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6.1.4. Label edges are not required to lie inside the boundary/boundaries unless otherwise
specified. Blank portions of the label may lie outside the boundary/boundaries. See Figure 4:
Method One for a Label on page 14 and Figure 6: Method Two for a Label on page 16. However,
it may be required to limit label edges of blank portions as shown in Figure 8: Detail for Limiting
Label Edges on page 18

6.2. Direct Part Marking: Laser Etching/Laser Annealing

New technologies (low wattage diode-pumped lasers) promise laser etching/annealing competitive
with dot peening solutions. Laser marking is the preferred method by Cummins, and the most
reliably decoded of the direct part marking methods. Some considerations include:

a. The related controls and cooling equipment may demand a large footprint on the floor.
b. “Normal” air cleanliness may frequently contaminate the lens, deteriorating the crispness
of the laser marking. New air quality systems will be required for some laser systems.
c. Persons working at or near high wattage lasers shall wear light filtering eye protection;
hearing protection is also sometimes required. “Class 1” lasers are required to protect all
persons in a 360° area around the laser. This may require complex guarding and safety
interlock devices.
d. Automation to control part orientation and location will likely add to project cost estimates.
e. Skills to setup and maintain laser alignment and adjust etch quality may not exist within the
suppliers’ organization.
f. Laser type, power and marking time. The type of laser and marking method (etching,
annealing, etc.) shall not adversely affect the function of the component. Also, Cummins
expectation is that the Quality Control Requirements (see section 7) are still met. Thin
stampings will require laser annealing method.

6.3. Direct Part Marking: Dot Peening/Engraving

Peening/Engraving methods require extra attention to mark design and lighting methods depending
on the surface being marked, for reliable decodes. Typical failure causes include low contrast,
especially under the brighter lighting typical of Cummins' assembly operations. Another typical
failure cause is mark deterioration as the peening tool wears. Tool change frequencies shall be
strictly adhered to. Dot Peening/Engraving is not preferred by Cummins. Dot Peening/Engraving
is not allowed on thin stampings. Thin stampings will require laser annealing method.

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7. Quality Control Requirements

7.1. Customer Approval

The primary requirement of barcodes is the reliable decode of information. The supplier shall
supply at least one sample with 2D Barcode and HRI data to each Cummins receiving entity that
will be scanning the part. Product Engineering at each receiving location shall work with
Manufacturing Engineering to scan each sample and verify it can be scanned and read. Ideally, this
verification should occur before the PPAP. It is best practice for the supplier to submit an electronic
sample of the 2D Barcode and HRI data to Cummins before physical samples are submitted. This
allows content to be validated and reduces the need for multiple physical samples. Any code not
decoded will be subject to corrective action.

7.1.1. Functional testing is required on all barcodes, especially Direct Part Markings, to insure
compatibility with both the reading plant systems and the supplier internal verification and reading
systems.

7.1.2. Surface preparation is required for Direct Part Marking on rough or non-uniform
colored surfaces, or on shiny metal surfaces. To reduce the surface roughness, consideration should
be given to prepare the area by machining, by applying a uniform coating, or, by pre-marking the
area with a low power, high speed patch. To reduce shine on metal surfaces, consideration should
be given to prepare the area by pre-marking the area with a low power, high speed patch if cycle
time allows, or by applying a uniform coating. For details, refer to AIAG B-17, 2D Direct Parts
Marking Guideline.

7.2. Suppliers’ In-process Verification

Quality control for 2D Data Matrix barcodes shall be maintained and consistent. The reading
quality shall be maintained from label or direct mark production, throughout supplier production,
until arrival at Cummins facility. The supplier is responsible for insuring that the marking/printing
process is monitored and controlled within its facility and its packaging to the receiving
Cummins facility. All labels and direct part markings shall be decoded as readable (read) and
validated for correct information 100% on the production line.

7.2.1. 1D Barcode Labels

Quality control requirements shall be conducted as stated in AIAG B-8 and ANSI INCITS 182 for
1D barcodes.

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7.2.1.1. The supplier shall verify the quality of the barcode with the PASS/FAIL designation
of Edge Determination, Minimum Reflectance, Edge Contrast Minimum, and Decode. Printed 1D
barcode symbols shall meet the reflectivity and contrast requirements specified in AIAG B-8 and
ANSI INCITS 182. The frequency of the audit shall be 100%, but frequency may be reduced with
demonstrated process capability and agreement with the supplier and supplier Quality Engineering
to verify the quality of the mark. This shall be documented in the supplier Control Plan and stored
in the PPAP documentation.

7.2.1.2. The supplier shall verify the quality of the barcode and GRADED determination of
Symbol Contrast, Modulation, Defects and Decodability.

7.2.2. 2D Barcodes Labels and Direct Marking

7.2.2.1. The supplier shall verify 2D barcode direct part mark with use of verification
equipment. The frequency of the audit shall be 100%, but frequency may be reduced with
demonstrated process capability and agreement with the supplier and supplier Quality Engineering
to verify the quality of the mark. This shall be documented in the supplier Control Plan and stored
in the PPAP documentation.

7.2.2.2. Re-verification of 2D barcodes shall also be performed if any destructive processing

(example: heat treating, sand blasting, etc.) is performed in the direct part mark area.

7.2.2.3. When part characteristics such as material dimensions, surface finish, surface texture,
and reflectivity are to be altered, the change shall be approved and validated by the reading
manufacturing plants. The reading plants will approve the change based upon reading capability
within their facility.

7.2.2.4. Cummins has proven the ability to utilize the original bar-coding AIM verification
metrics (ISO 16022) to assess barcode quality. Contrast, Print Growth, Axial Uniformity, Error
Correction, and Decode can be used as pass/fail criteria for mark quality. The Print Growth
parameter can be used to monitor marker performance trends and adjust setups for optimum
targeting performance. Contrast parameter can be used to identify issues with lighting setup and
surface color/texture variance.

7.2.2.5. At the time of this revision, industry direction on 2D Data Matrix code verification
has evolved from the original AIM specification (ISO 16022) and differs for those 2D barcodes
marked on labels and those for direct part marks. The industry recommends that ISO 15415 be
followed for 2D barcodes on labels achieving a grade 2 or better. For direct marks on the part, it is
recommended that ISO/IEC TR 29158 be followed achieving a grade 2 or better, per AIAG B17.
The supplier is ultimately responsible to insure symbols are uniformly marked. The supplier is
ultimately responsible for insuring that codes are measured for quality using the appropriate
verification methods and standards.

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7.3. Label Functional Requirements: Substrates

When labels are the selected application method, the supplier shall be responsible to ensure label
substrates (materials) meet the expected chemical resistance (Section 9. Reference Readings on
page 23, item a. with addition of sulfuric acid testing), thermal resistance (Section 9. Reference
Readings on page 23, item b.), longevity, reflection and contrast and adhesion requirements
(Section 9. Reference Readings on page 23, item c.).

7.4. Conditions for Corrective Action on Suppliers

Individual parts with: (1) information missing, (2) in the wrong location or orientation, or (3)
unreadable codes shall be considered defective material, subject to Non Conforming Material
Review (NCMR) by Supplier Quality Improvement (SQI), therefore requiring corrective action
and disposition by the supplier.

8. Packaging Requirements and Labels for Packaging

If a drawing note stating that “product identification <serial number> or <lot code> information
will be placed on the container label only”, supplier will ensure that this information is provided
per the Global Packaging Standards for Production Parts. In this case, barcode label or direct part
marking will not be required directly on the component.

Refer to the supplier portal (supplier.cummins.com) for the latest information on Cummins
packaging requirements. Requirements for Global Packaging Standard of Production Parts are also
found in CES 19041.

9. Reference Readings
The following references were used in the preparation of this standard.

a. ASTM D1308, Standard Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and
Pigmented Organic Finishes
b. ASTM D2485 Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Coatings for High
Temperature Service
c. ASTM D3359, Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
d. ISO 16388, Information Technology-Automatic Identification and Data Capture
Techniques-Code 39 Barcode Symbology Specification

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