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    Autism Spectrum Disorder

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    Olivia Reodique
    The document provides information about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 and ICD-10. It outlines the key characteristics of ASD such as persistent deficits in social communication/interaction and restricted repetitive behaviors/interests. It also discusses the prevalence of ASD, sex distribution, specifiers for support levels, childhood onset symptoms, disorders included under ASD like Asperger's syndrome and Rett's syndrome. Common assessment tools and intervention focuses like sensory integration and social participation are also mentioned.

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    Autism Spectrum Disorder

    Uploaded by

    Olivia Reodique
    180 views17 pages
    The document provides information about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 and ICD-10. It outlines the key characteristics of ASD such as persistent deficits in social communication/interaction and restricted repetitive behaviors/interests. It also discusses the prevalence of ASD, sex distribution, specifiers for support levels, childhood onset symptoms, disorders included under ASD like Asperger's syndrome and Rett's syndrome. Common assessment tools and intervention focuses like sensory integration and social participation are also mentioned.

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    The document provides information about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 and ICD-10. It outlines the key characteristics of ASD such as persistent deficits in social communication/interaction and restricted repetitive behaviors/interests. It also discusses the prevalence of ASD, sex distribution, specifiers for support levels, childhood onset symptoms, disorders included under ASD like Asperger's syndrome and Rett's syndrome. Common assessment tools and intervention focuses like sensory integration and social participation are also mentioned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    180 views17 pages

    Autism Spectrum Disorder

    Uploaded by

    Olivia Reodique
    The document provides information about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 and ICD-10. It outlines the key characteristics of ASD such as persistent deficits in social communication/interaction and restricted repetitive behaviors/interests. It also discusses the prevalence of ASD, sex distribution, specifiers for support levels, childhood onset symptoms, disorders included under ASD like Asperger's syndrome and Rett's syndrome. Common assessment tools and intervention focuses like sensory integration and social participation are also mentioned.

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    EAC PRE-INTERNSHIP 2022

    Autism
    Spectrum
    Disorder
    Olivia Bernadette P. Reodique, OTRP
    Diagnostic Criteria
    according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

    A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction.


    1. Deficit in socio-emotional reciprocity
    2. Deficit in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social
    interaction
    3. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding
    relationships.
    Diagnostic Criteria
    according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

    B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, activities


    1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects or
    speech
    2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or
    ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior
    3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intenstity
    or focus
    4. Hyper- or hypoactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in
    sensory aspect of the environment.
    Diagnostic Criteria
    according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

    C. Symptoms must be present in early developmental period.

    D. Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social,


    occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.

    E. Symptoms are not better explained by other developmental


    disorders.
    Epidemiology
    PREVALENCE
    It is estimated that worldwide about
    1 in 100 children has autism (WHO, 2022).

    SEX DISTRIBUTION
    4x more often in boys than in girls.
    Specifiers
    Level 3:
    "Requiring very substantial support"

    Social communication:
    Severe deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills
    severe impairments in functioning
    very limited initiation of social interactions
    minimal response to social overtures from others

    Restricted, repetitive behaviors:


    extreme difficulty coping with change
    markedly interfere with functioning in all spheres.
    great distress/difficulty changing focus or actions
    Specifiers
    Level 2:
    "Requiring substantial support"

    Social communication:
    Marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills
    social impairments apparent even with supports
    limited initiation of social interactions
    reduced or abnormal response to social overtures from others

    Restricted, repetitive behaviors:


    difficulty coping with change
    appears frequently enough to be obvious to the casual observer
    interfere with functioning in a variety of contexts
    distress/difficulty changing focus or actions
    Specifiers
    Level 1:
    "Requiring support"

    Social communication:
    Without supports in place causes noticeable impairments
    difficulty initiating social interaction
    atypical/unsuccessful response to social overtures from others
    may appear to have decreased interest in social interactions.

    Restricted, repetitive behaviors:


    significant interference with functioning in one or more contexts
    difficulty switching between activities
    problems of organization and planning hamper independence
    Childhood Autism
    according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

    Abnormal or impaired development in at least one of the following areas,


    with onset prior to age 3:
    receptive or expressive language as used in social communication
    development of selective attachments or of reciprocal social interaction
    functional or symbolic play
    Disorders included in
    Autism Spectrum Disorder
    according to International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10)

    Atypical Autism
    Criteria for autism except for age manifestation (at or after 3 years; ~3.9 years)
    Criteria for autism except that it is unnecessary to meet the criteria for number of areas of
    abnormality.
    Disorders included in
    Autism Spectrum Disorder
    according to International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10)

    Rett's Syndrome
    Apparently normal prenatal and perinatal period; and apparently normal psychomotor development
    through the first 5 months and normal head circumference at birth.
    Deceleration of head growth between 5 months and 4 years and loss of acquired purposeful hand
    skills between 5 and 30 months of age that is associated with concurrent communication
    dysfunction and impaired social interactions and appearance of poorly coordinated/unstable gait
    and/or trunk movements.
    Severe psychomotor retardation and stereotyped midline hand movements (hand-wringing or "hand
    washing")
    Disorders included in
    Autism Spectrum Disorder
    according to International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10)

    Childhood Disintegrative Disorder


    Apparently normal development for at least the first 2 years after birth as manifested by the
    presence of age-appropriate verbal and non-verbal communication, social relationships, play, and
    adaptive behavior.
    Disorders included in
    Autism Spectrum Disorder
    according to International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10)

    Asperger's Syndrome
    Criteria for autism except that it would be less usual to include either motor mannerisms or
    preoccupations with part-objects or nonfunctional elements of play materials.
    There is no clinically significant general delay in language, cognitive development or in the
    development of age-appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior (other than in social interaction),
    and curiosity about the environment in childhood.
    Some Assessment Tools
    Diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder - DSM-V
    Childhood Autism Rating Scale
    Sensory Profile
    Short Sensory Profile
    Sensory Integration and Praxis Test
    Wee FIM (pediatrics)
    Evaluation of Social Interaction
    Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (POMPE-PEDI)
    BEARS Sleep Screening Tool
    Feeding Assessments
    Intervention Focus
    *STILL DEPENDS ON COLLABORATIVE GOAL

    Sensory integration and regulation


    Behavioral modification
    Self-care activities
    Safety and security
    Social participation
    References
    AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. (2013). AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. DIAGNOSTIC
    AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS (5TH ED.)
    SADOCK, B. J., SADOCK, V. A., & RUIZ, P. (2015). KAPLAN & SADOCK'S SYNOPSIS OF
    PSYCHIATRY: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES/CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY (ELEVENTH EDITION.).
    PHILADELPHIA: WOLTERS KLUWER.
    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (2022, MARCH 30). AUTISM.
    HTTPS://WWW.WHO.INT/NEWS-ROOM/FACT-SHEETS/DETAIL/AUTISM-SPECTRUM-
    DISORDERS
    Thank you!

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