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    Catalysts 3

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    Thunder Tony
    Poisons decrease the number of active sites on a catalyst by chemically bonding to them, slowing the reaction rate. Promoters increase catalytic activity without being catalysts themselves. Autocatalytic reactions have products that catalyze their own production, causing the reaction rate to increase over time in a sigmoidal pattern as more products form. Examples include the phosphofructokinase portion of glycolysis and reactions where products like Mn2+ ions or arsenic catalyze their own formation.

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    Catalysts 3

    Uploaded by

    Thunder Tony
    31 views8 pages
    Poisons decrease the number of active sites on a catalyst by chemically bonding to them, slowing the reaction rate. Promoters increase catalytic activity without being catalysts themselves. Autocatalytic reactions have products that catalyze their own production, causing the reaction rate to increase over time in a sigmoidal pattern as more products form. Examples include the phosphofructokinase portion of glycolysis and reactions where products like Mn2+ ions or arsenic catalyze their own formation.

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    Poisons decrease the number of active sites on a catalyst by chemically bonding to them, slowing the reaction rate. Promoters increase catalytic activity without being catalysts themselves. Autocatalytic reactions have products that catalyze their own production, causing the reaction rate to increase over time in a sigmoidal pattern as more products form. Examples include the phosphofructokinase portion of glycolysis and reactions where products like Mn2+ ions or arsenic catalyze their own formation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views8 pages

    Catalysts 3

    Uploaded by

    Thunder Tony
    Poisons decrease the number of active sites on a catalyst by chemically bonding to them, slowing the reaction rate. Promoters increase catalytic activity without being catalysts themselves. Autocatalytic reactions have products that catalyze their own production, causing the reaction rate to increase over time in a sigmoidal pattern as more products form. Examples include the phosphofructokinase portion of glycolysis and reactions where products like Mn2+ ions or arsenic catalyze their own formation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    Poisons and

    Promoters
     An added substance that lowers
    the rate is called a reaction
    inhibitor if reversible
    and catalyst poisons if
    irreversible.
     Promoters are substances that
    increase the catalytic activity,
    even though they are not
    catalysts by themselves.
    Mechanism of Poisons: Poisons chemically bond to a
    catalyst’s active sites and decrease the number of active sites,
    As a result the average distance that a reactant molecule must
    diffuse through the pore structure before undergoing reaction
    increases. And these poisoned sites can no longer accelerate
    the reaction with which the catalyst was supposed to catalyze.

    Auto Catalysis
     When a product itself acts as a
    catalyst for the reaction, it is
    called Autocatalytic.
     In this type of reaction, initially,
    the rate of reaction is very slow
    but when the reaction proceeds
    and products are formed then the
    rate of the reaction increases. Here
    the product catalyses’ the self-
    production.
     The graph of conversion of
    reactants to products with time is
    sigmoidal. The conversion is slow
    initially due to the absence of
    catalyst and then increases at a
    steady rate as products are formed,
    which also act as a catalyst. The
    rate of reaction again slows down
    with depletion of reactants.
    Examples of
    Autocatalysis:
    Optics example:
    An optical autocatalytic system is
    one driven by light coupled to
    photo-polymerization reactions.
    Light's preference to occupy
    regions of higher refractive index
    results in leakage of light into
    regions of higher molecular
    weight; this amplifies the photo-
    chemical reaction.
    The established positive feedback
    between intensity of light and
    photo-polymerization establishes
    the auto-catalytic behavior.
    Biological example[edit]
    It is known that an important metabolic cycle, glycolysis, displays temporal order.[14] Glycolysis
    consists of the degradation of one molecule of glucose and the overall production of two molecules
    of ATP. The process is therefore of great importance to the energetics of living cells. The global
    glycolysis reaction involves glucose, ADP, NAD, pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.
    .
    The details of the process are quite involved, however, a section of the process is
    autocatalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK). This portion of the process is responsible for
    oscillations in the pathway that lead to the process oscillating between an active and an
    inactive form. Thus, the autocatalytic reaction can modulate the process.

    Autocatalytic Reaction Examples


    There are many chemical and biochemical reactions, which are autocatalytic. Some examples are:

     The reaction of oxalic acid with permanganate, here the Mn 2+ ions are products and also act as
    a catalyst. The reaction is very slow at the start and speeds up with time as more and more
    products are formed.2MnO4－ + 6H+ + 5C2H2O4 → 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2
     Haloform reaction.
     Decomposition of Arsine is catalysed by Arsenic, which is produced in the reaction.
    2AsH3 → 2As + 3H2
     Cooperative binding of haemoglobin with oxygen. Binding of one molecule of oxygen with
    haemoglobin increases the affinity of binding of more oxygen molecules to haemoglobin.
    Examples of

    Catalysts:

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