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    Lesson 3 - Nebular Theory

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    naikas
    The nebular theory proposes that the solar system formed from a giant cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. As the nebula collapsed due to gravity, it began to spin faster and form a disk with the sun at the center. In the disk, dust and grains collided to form larger bodies called planetesimals which eventually merged to form the planets. Key proponents of the theory were Swedenborg, Kant, and Laplace. Though widely accepted, the theory has weaknesses like not explaining properties of Saturn, the sun's spin rate, and the orbits of Uranus and Venus.

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    Lesson 3 - Nebular Theory

    Uploaded by

    naikas
    72 views36 pages
    The nebular theory proposes that the solar system formed from a giant cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. As the nebula collapsed due to gravity, it began to spin faster and form a disk with the sun at the center. In the disk, dust and grains collided to form larger bodies called planetesimals which eventually merged to form the planets. Key proponents of the theory were Swedenborg, Kant, and Laplace. Though widely accepted, the theory has weaknesses like not explaining properties of Saturn, the sun's spin rate, and the orbits of Uranus and Venus.

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    The nebular theory proposes that the solar system formed from a giant cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. As the nebula collapsed due to gravity, it began to spin faster and form a disk with the sun at the center. In the disk, dust and grains collided to form larger bodies called planetesimals which eventually merged to form the planets. Key proponents of the theory were Swedenborg, Kant, and Laplace. Though widely accepted, the theory has weaknesses like not explaining properties of Saturn, the sun's spin rate, and the orbits of Uranus and Venus.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    72 views36 pages

    Lesson 3 - Nebular Theory

    Uploaded by

    naikas
    The nebular theory proposes that the solar system formed from a giant cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. As the nebula collapsed due to gravity, it began to spin faster and form a disk with the sun at the center. In the disk, dust and grains collided to form larger bodies called planetesimals which eventually merged to form the planets. Key proponents of the theory were Swedenborg, Kant, and Laplace. Though widely accepted, the theory has weaknesses like not explaining properties of Saturn, the sun's spin rate, and the orbits of Uranus and Venus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    of 36

    Lesson 3

    Nebular Theory
    I can explain the origin of the
    1 solar system based on the
    nebular theory;

    Objectives I can describe how planets were


    2 formed based on the nebular
    theory;

    I can identify the proponents of


    3 the nebular theory; and

    I can enumerate the negative


    4 implications of the nebular
    theory.
    Objectives
    WORKPLAN KNOW WHO

    KNOW WHAT

    KNOW WHY

    3-2-1 TAKEAWAYS
    Conscience is God's presence in humans.
    Emmanuel Swedenborg

    Objectives
    know who... “All our knowledge begins with the
    senses, proceeds then to the
    understanding, and ends with reason.
    There is nothing higher than reason.”
    Immanuel Kant

    “What we know is not much. What


    we don't know is enormous.”
    Pierre-Simon Laplace
    Learn about It!

    Proponents of the Nebular Theory

    Emmanuel Immanuel Pierre-Simon


    Swedenborg Kant Laplace
    (1688–172) (1724–1804) (1749–1827)
    Objectives
    know what about this Theory
    according to the
    proponents..and the
    drawbacks.
    Learn about It!

    The Nebular Theory


    • A nebula is defined by NASA as
    giant cloud of gas and dust in
    space.

    • This interstellar cloud of dust


    contains hydrogen, helium and
    other ionized gases.

    Dusty discs surrounding


    nearby young star
    Learn about It!

    The Nebular Theory


    • According to the Nebular Theory, the solar system
    originated from a nebula.

    • It is the widely accepted view about the formation of the


    solar system some 4.5 billion years ago.
    Objectives
    know why... it is widely accepted

    Because..
    ... its details using the step by step formation of the solar
    Learn about It! system..
    • The formation of the solar
    system from a nebula
    occurs in three major
    steps:

    • (1) cloud collapse,

    • (2) formation of
    protoplanetary disk, and

    • (3) growth of planets. The Solar System


    Objectives
    health break
    Learn about It!

    Collapsing of the cloud makes it spin faster.

    Cloud Collapse
    Learn about It!CHART OF EVENTS
    STAGE 1 (Clouds Collapse) STAGE 2 (Formation of Planetary STAGE 3 (Growth of Planets)
    Disc)
    ❖ Hypothetically, a shockwave from a ❖ Metals and silicates could ❖ Dust and grains
    supernova or the effect of a passing exist near the sun because surrounding the sun
    star may cause a cloud collapse. these compounds have eventually formed clumps.
    higher boiling points. These clumps then accreted
    ❖ The collapse at the center of the ❖ As a result, terrestrial forming planetesimals.
    cloud due to gravity occurs when planets were eventually ❖ Planetesimal is a small
    gas pressure becomes insufficient formed containing high celestial body that once
    to support the mass of the cloud. concentration of these collide together, it tend to
    compounds. fused to form the planets of
    ❖ The terrestrial planets could the solar system.
    ❖ The collapsed cloud of interstellar not grow in huge diameter
    gas and dust results to a smaller because of the limited
    radius which means it will spin reserve of metallic
    faster. elements in the solar
    nebula.
    Learn about It!

    Step 2: Formation of Protoplanetary Disk


    Learn about It!CHART OF EVENTS
    STAGE 1 (Clouds Collapse) STAGE 2 (Formation of Planetary STAGE 3 (Growth of Planets)
    Disc)
    ❖ Hypothetically, a shockwave from a ❖ Metals and silicates could ❖ Dust and grains
    supernova or the effect of a passing exist near the sun because surrounding the sun
    star may cause a cloud collapse. these compounds have eventually formed clumps.
    higher boiling points. These clumps then accreted
    ❖ The collapse at the center of the ❖ As a result, terrestrial forming planetesimals.
    cloud due to gravity occurs when planets were eventually ❖ Planetesimal is a small
    gas pressure becomes insufficient formed containing high celestial body that once
    to support the mass of the cloud. concentration of these collide together, it tend to
    compounds. fused to form the planets of
    ❖ The terrestrial planets could the solar system.
    ❖ The collapsed cloud of interstellar not grow in huge diameter
    gas and dust results to a smaller because of the limited
    radius which means it will spin reserve of metallic
    faster. elements in the solar
    nebula.
    Learn about It!

    Step 3: Growth of Planets

    Growth of planets in the nebular theory.


    Learn about It!CHART OF EVENTS
    STAGE 1 (Clouds Collapse) STAGE 2 (Formation of Planetary STAGE 3 (Growth of Planets)
    Disc)
    ❖ Hypothetically, a shockwave from a ❖ Metals and silicates could ❖ Dust and grains
    supernova or the effect of a passing exist near the sun because surrounding the sun
    star may cause a cloud collapse. these compounds have eventually formed clumps.
    higher boiling points. These clumps then accreted
    ❖ The collapse at the center of the ❖ As a result, terrestrial forming planetesimals.
    cloud due to gravity occurs when planets were eventually ❖ Planetesimal is a small
    gas pressure becomes insufficient formed containing high celestial body that once
    to support the mass of the cloud. concentration of these collide together, it tend to
    compounds. fused to form the planets of
    ❖ The terrestrial planets could the solar system.
    ❖ The collapsed cloud of interstellar not grow in huge diameter
    gas and dust results to a smaller because of the limited
    radius which means it will spin reserve of metallic
    faster. elements in the solar
    nebula.
    Learn about It!

    Drawbacks of the Nebular Theory


    • Particles surrounding Saturn repel each
    other which is contrary to the assumption
    that dust particles will be attached to each
    other forming a planet.

    • It does not follow the law of angular


    momentum because if the nebular theory
    is correct then the sun should be
    spinning at a higher rate than the
    others. (bec. the sun is at the center)
    Learn about It!

    Drawbacks of the Nebular Theory


    • It did not consider Uranus
    and Venus, which rotates in
    a clockwise direction while
    other planets rotates in a
    counterclockwise direction.
    3 words / ideas that make you interested to
    Objectives
    3-2-1 take the topic

    away 2 words/ideas that you need to focus on in


    order to broaden your understanding

    1 core value that you have discovered in this


    lesson
    “I don’t think the human race will survive the next
    Objectives
    real life thousand years, unless we spread into space. There are
    too many accidents that can befall life on a single
    planet,”

    Stephen Hawking
    Telegraph in 2011; Interview about Climate Change
    Key Points

    Nebular Theory, the solar system originated from a


    1 nebula.

    2 Nebula is a giant cloud of gas and dust in space.

    Nebular theory proposes that the solar system was


    formed through three major steps: cloud collapse,
    3 formation of protoplanetary disk and growth of
    planets.
    Key Points

    Terrestrial planets are closer to the sun and have


    higher metallic and silicate compounds. Jovian
    4 planets are farther from the sun where the lower
    temperature allows gas to condense.

    Nebular theory was proposed by Emanuel


    5 Swedenborg(1734), Immanuel Kant (1755), and
    Pierre-Simon Laplace(1796)

    The nebular theory is weakened by attributes of


    6 Saturn, the sun, Uranus, and Venus.
    Bibliography
    Rodney Holder and Simon Mitton. 2013. Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy, Germany: Springer
    Science & Business Media.

    John Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton. 2013. From Dust to Life: The Origin and Evolution of Our Solar
    System, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

    Michael Mark Woolfson. 2012. Time, Space, Stars and Man: The Story of the BigBang, Singapore: World
    Scientific.

    J. Schombert. 2012. Origin of the Solar System. Accessed March 16, 2017
    http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec24.html

    D. Darling. 2016. Chamberlin-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis. Accessed March 16,2017


    http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/CMplanhypoth.html
    Photo Credits

    ● Slide 4: This file, SPHERE images a zoo of dusty discs around young stars by European Southern
    Observatory (ESO), is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International via Wikimedia
    Commons

    ● Slide 5: This file, Planets 2013 by Planet User is is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
    International via Wikimedia Commons
    INDIVIDUAL TASK # 2
    1. What is the idea of the Nebular Theory about
    the origin of the solar system?
    2. Give the names of the proponents of the
    Nebular Theory
    3. What are the components of the nebula
    according to NASA?
    4. Why is it possible for the giant cloud of dust
    and gas to collapse according to the Nebular
    Theory?
    5. What causes of the faster spinning movement
    of the particles according to stage 1 of Nebular
    Theory?
    6. Identify the materials that exist just near the sun
    because of their higher boiling points in stage 2.
    7. Explain how do planetisimals form according to
    stage 3 of Nebular Theory?
    8. Explain the drawback of Nebular theory in
    reference with the planet Saturn
    9. Explain the drawback of Nebular theory in
    reference with the rotation of the sun
    10. Explain the drawback of Nebular theory in
    reference with the rotation of Venus and Uranus

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