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your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor
2007) at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word
window (for example, the style at this point in the document is
First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. “Text”). Highlight a section that you want to designate with a
Author, Member, IEEE certain style, then select the appropriate name on the style
menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do
not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more
Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for preparing
papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS. Use this text into a limited number of pages. Use italics for
document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or emphasis; do not underline.
later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the insertion
electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the
Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special |
the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the
Picture (with “float over text” unchecked).
abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column.
IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your
Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in alphabetical paper is intended for a conference, please observe the
order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested keywords, conference page limits.
send a blank e-mail to [email protected] or visit
http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt
II. PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION
Also, send a sheet of paper or PDF with complete contact The final printed size of an author photograph is exactly
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, 1 inch wide by 1 1/4 inches long (6 picas × 7 1/2 picas). Please
telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This ensure that the author photographs you submit are
information will be used to send each author a complimentary proportioned similarly. If the author’s photograph does not
copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In addition, appear at the end of the paper, then please size it so that it is
designate one author as the “corresponding author.” This is the proportional to the standard size of 1 9/16 inches wide by
author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are 2 inches long (9 1/2 picas × 12 picas). JPEG files are only
sent to the corresponding author only. accepted for author photos.
C. Figures
How to create a PostScript File
Format and save your graphic images using a suitable First, download a PostScript printer driver from
graphics processing program that will allow you to create the http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm (for
images as PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), or Windows) or from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), sizes them, and adjusts the pdrvmac.htm (for Macintosh) and install the “Generic
resolution settings. If you created your source files in one of PostScript Printer” definition. In Word, paste your figure into a
the following you will be able to submit the graphics without new document. Print to a file using the PostScript printer
converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF file: Microsoft Word, driver. File names should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Open
Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, or Portable Document Type fonts when creating your figures, if possible. A listing of
Format (PDF). the acceptable fonts are as follows: Open Type Fonts: Times
Roman, Helvetica, Helvetica Narrow, Courier, Symbol,
D. Electronic Image Files (Optional) Palatino, Avant Garde, Bookman, Zapf Chancery, Zapf
Import your source files in one of the following: Microsoft Dingbats, and New Century Schoolbook.
Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, or Portable
Document Format (PDF); you will be able to submit the Print Color Graphics Requirements
IEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS,
graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF files. Image
PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The resolution
quality is very important to how yours graphics will
of a RGB color TIFF file should be 400 dpi.
reproduce. Even though we can accept graphics in many
When sending color graphics, please supply a high quality
formats, we cannot improve your graphics if they are poor
hard copy or PDF proof of each image. If we cannot achieve a
quality when we receive them. If your graphic looks low in
satisfactory color match using the electronic version of your
quality on your printer or monitor, please keep in mind that
files, we will have your hard copy scanned. Any of the files
cannot improve the quality after submission.
types you provide will be converted to RGB color EPS files.
If you are importing your graphics into this Word template,
please use the following steps:
Web Color Graphics
Under the option EDIT select PASTE SPECIAL. A dialog
IEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS,
box will open, select paste picture, then click OK. Your figure
PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The resolution
should now be in the Word Document.
of a RGB color TIFF file should be at least 400 dpi.
If you are preparing images in TIFF, EPS, or PS format,
Your color graphic will be converted to grayscale if no
note the following. High-contrast line figures and tables
separate grayscale file is provided. If a graphic is to appear in
should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved with no
print as black and white, it should be saved and submitted as a
compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with file names in
black and white file. If a graphic is to appear in print or on
the form of “fig3.tif” or “table1.tif.”
IEEE Xplore in color, it should be submitted as RGB color.
Photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared with
300 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per
Graphics Checker Tool
pixel (grayscale).
The IEEE Graphics Checker Tool enables users to check
graphic files. The tool will check journal article graphic files
against a set of rules for compliance with IEEE requirements.
Sizing of Graphics
Most charts graphs and tables are one column wide (3 1/2 These requirements are designed to ensure sufficient image
inches or 21 picas) or two-column width (7 1/16 inches, 43 quality so they will look acceptable in print. After receiving a
picas wide). We recommend that you avoid sizing figures less graphic or a set of graphics, the tool will check the files
than one column wide, as extreme enlargements may distort against a set of rules. A report will then be e-mailed listing
your images and result in poor reproduction. Therefore, it is each graphic and whether it met or failed to meet the
better if the image is slightly larger, as a minor reduction in requirements. If the file fails, a description of why and
size should not have an adverse affect the quality of the image. instructions on how to correct the problem will be sent. The
IEEE Graphics Checker Tool is available at
Size of Author Photographs http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/
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E. Copyright Form
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final V. HELPFUL HINTS
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at A. Figures and Tables
http://www.ieee.org/copyright. Authors are responsible for Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
obtaining any security clearances. you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions,
and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and
III. MATH
tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below the
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure has
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the
equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over text” in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions as
should not be selected. part of the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes”
linked to the figures. Do not put borders around the
outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at
IV. UNITS the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are are numbered with Roman numerals.
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the
units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data authors. Include a note with your final paper indicating that
storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).” An you request and will pay for color printing. Do not use color
exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, unless it is necessary for the proper interpretation of your
such as “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS figures. If you want reprints of your color article, the reprint
units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in order should be submitted promptly. There is an additional
oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do charge for color reprints. Please note that many IEEE
not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, journals now allow an author to publish color figures on
clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation. Xplore and black and white figures in print. Contact your
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, society representative for specific requirements.
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity
the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.” “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put
units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in
Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or
“Magnetization (A m−1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
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Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do in denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a
not write “Magnetization (A/m) × 1000” because the reader sentence, as in
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,
approximately 8 to 12 point type.
B. References
(1)
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The
sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets before the equation appears or immediately following.
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),”
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence:
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use automatic E. Other Recommendations
endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex
the paper using the “References” style. modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.”
Footnote).2 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see calculated the potential.”
Table I). Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
Please note that the references at the end of this document “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm × 0.2
are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ names; cm,” not “0.1 × 0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is
do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and
space after authors’ initials. Papers that have not been abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square
published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values,
have been accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
issue should be cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that have A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
been submitted for publication should be cited as “submitted punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
for publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
private communications [7]. In American English, periods and commas are within
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not”
translation journals, please give the English citation first, instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8]. C” instead of “A, B and C.”
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods carefully proofread your paper.
should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.”
Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the
D. Equations permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter “o.”
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or
equation editor to create the equation. Then select the “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A
“Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word
equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless
compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or you really mean something that alternates). Use the word
“whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to
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It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word
footnote information into the text.
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