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your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor

Preparation of Papers for

formats for your particular conference.
When you open TRANS-JOUR.DOC, select “Page Layout”
from the “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout),
IEEE TRANSACTIONS which allows you to see the footnotes. Then, type over
and JOURNALS (May sections of TRANS-JOUR.DOC or cut and paste from another
document and use markup styles. The pull-down style menu is

2007) at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word
window (for example, the style at this point in the document is
First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. “Text”). Highlight a section that you want to designate with a
Author, Member, IEEE certain style, then select the appropriate name on the style
menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do
not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more
Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for preparing
papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS. Use this text into a limited number of pages. Use italics for
document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or emphasis; do not underline.
later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the insertion
electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the
Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special |
the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the
Picture (with “float over text” unchecked).
abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column.
IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your
Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in alphabetical paper is intended for a conference, please observe the
order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested keywords, conference page limits.
send a blank e-mail to [email protected] or visit
http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt
II. PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION

I. INTRODUCTION A. Review Stage

Please check with your editor on whether to submit your

T manuscript as hard copy or electronically for review. If hard

copy, submit photocopies such that only one column appears
HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions 6.0 per page. This will give your referees plenty of room to write
or later. If you are reading a paper or PDF version of this comments. Send the number of copies specified by your editor
document, please download the electronic file, (typically four). If submitted electronically, find out if your
TRANS-JOUR.DOC, from the IEEE Web site at editor prefers submissions on disk or as e-mail attachments.
http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html so If you want to submit your file with one column
you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If you would prefer electronically, please do the following:
to use LATEX, download IEEE’s LATEX style and sample --First, click on the View menu and choose Print
files from the same Web page. Use these LATEX files for Layout.
formatting, but please follow the instructions in --Second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. Go
TRANS-JOUR.DOC or TRANS-JOUR.PDF. to the Format menu, choose Columns, choose one column
If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact Layout, and choose “apply to whole document” from the
dropdown menu.
1
Manuscript received October 9, 2001. (Write the date on which you --Third, click and drag the right margin bar to just
submitted your paper for review.) This work was supported in part by the U.S. over 4 inches in width.
Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and financial The graphics will stay in the “second” column, but you can
support acknowledgment goes here). Paper titles should be written in
uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long drag them to the first column. Make the graphic wider to push
formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements out any text that may try to fill in next to the graphic.
are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names of
authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space B. Final Stage
between authors’ initials.
When you submit your final version (after your paper has
F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Boulder, CO 80305 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: been accepted), print it in two-column format, including
303-555-5555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov). figures and tables. You must also send your final manuscript
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He on a disk, via e-mail, or through a Web manuscript submission
is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). system as directed by the society contact. You may use Zip or
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of CD-ROM disks for large files, or compress files using
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip.
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Also, send a sheet of paper or PDF with complete contact The final printed size of an author photograph is exactly
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, 1 inch wide by 1 1/4 inches long (6 picas × 7 1/2 picas). Please
telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This ensure that the author photographs you submit are
information will be used to send each author a complimentary proportioned similarly. If the author’s photograph does not
copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In addition, appear at the end of the paper, then please size it so that it is
designate one author as the “corresponding author.” This is the proportional to the standard size of 1 9/16 inches wide by
author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are 2 inches long (9 1/2 picas × 12 picas). JPEG files are only
sent to the corresponding author only. accepted for author photos.
C. Figures
How to create a PostScript File
Format and save your graphic images using a suitable First, download a PostScript printer driver from
graphics processing program that will allow you to create the http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm (for
images as PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), or Windows) or from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), sizes them, and adjusts the pdrvmac.htm (for Macintosh) and install the “Generic
resolution settings. If you created your source files in one of PostScript Printer” definition. In Word, paste your figure into a
the following you will be able to submit the graphics without new document. Print to a file using the PostScript printer
converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF file: Microsoft Word, driver. File names should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Open
Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, or Portable Document Type fonts when creating your figures, if possible. A listing of
Format (PDF). the acceptable fonts are as follows: Open Type Fonts: Times
Roman, Helvetica, Helvetica Narrow, Courier, Symbol,
D. Electronic Image Files (Optional) Palatino, Avant Garde, Bookman, Zapf Chancery, Zapf
Import your source files in one of the following: Microsoft Dingbats, and New Century Schoolbook.
Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, or Portable
Document Format (PDF); you will be able to submit the Print Color Graphics Requirements
IEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS,
graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF files. Image
PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The resolution
quality is very important to how yours graphics will
of a RGB color TIFF file should be 400 dpi.
reproduce. Even though we can accept graphics in many
When sending color graphics, please supply a high quality
formats, we cannot improve your graphics if they are poor
hard copy or PDF proof of each image. If we cannot achieve a
quality when we receive them. If your graphic looks low in
satisfactory color match using the electronic version of your
quality on your printer or monitor, please keep in mind that
files, we will have your hard copy scanned. Any of the files
cannot improve the quality after submission.
types you provide will be converted to RGB color EPS files.
If you are importing your graphics into this Word template,
please use the following steps:
Web Color Graphics
Under the option EDIT select PASTE SPECIAL. A dialog
IEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS,
box will open, select paste picture, then click OK. Your figure
PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The resolution
should now be in the Word Document.
of a RGB color TIFF file should be at least 400 dpi.
If you are preparing images in TIFF, EPS, or PS format,
Your color graphic will be converted to grayscale if no
note the following. High-contrast line figures and tables
separate grayscale file is provided. If a graphic is to appear in
should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved with no
print as black and white, it should be saved and submitted as a
compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with file names in
black and white file. If a graphic is to appear in print or on
the form of “fig3.tif” or “table1.tif.”
IEEE Xplore in color, it should be submitted as RGB color.
Photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared with
300 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per
Graphics Checker Tool
pixel (grayscale).
The IEEE Graphics Checker Tool enables users to check
graphic files. The tool will check journal article graphic files
against a set of rules for compliance with IEEE requirements.
Sizing of Graphics
Most charts graphs and tables are one column wide (3 1/2 These requirements are designed to ensure sufficient image
inches or 21 picas) or two-column width (7 1/16 inches, 43 quality so they will look acceptable in print. After receiving a
picas wide). We recommend that you avoid sizing figures less graphic or a set of graphics, the tool will check the files
than one column wide, as extreme enlargements may distort against a set of rules. A report will then be e-mailed listing
your images and result in poor reproduction. Therefore, it is each graphic and whether it met or failed to meet the
better if the image is slightly larger, as a minor reduction in requirements. If the file fails, a description of why and
size should not have an adverse affect the quality of the image. instructions on how to correct the problem will be sent. The
IEEE Graphics Checker Tool is available at
Size of Author Photographs http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/
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For more Information, contact the IEEE Graphics

H-E-L-P Desk by e-mail at [email protected]. You
will then receive an e-mail response and sometimes a
request for a sample graphic for us to check.

E. Copyright Form
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final V. HELPFUL HINTS
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at A. Figures and Tables
http://www.ieee.org/copyright. Authors are responsible for Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
obtaining any security clearances. you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions,
and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and
III. MATH
tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below the
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure has
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the
equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over text” in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions as
should not be selected. part of the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes”
linked to the figures. Do not put borders around the
outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at
IV. UNITS the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are are numbered with Roman numerals.
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the
units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data authors. Include a note with your final paper indicating that
storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).” An you request and will pay for color printing. Do not use color
exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, unless it is necessary for the proper interpretation of your
such as “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS figures. If you want reprints of your color article, the reprint
units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in order should be submitted promptly. There is an additional
oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do charge for color reprints. Please note that many IEEE
not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, journals now allow an author to publish color figures on
clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation. Xplore and black and white figures in print. Contact your
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, society representative for specific requirements.
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity
the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.” “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put
units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in
Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or
“Magnetization (A m−1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
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Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do in denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a
not write “Magnetization (A/m) × 1000” because the reader sentence, as in
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,
approximately 8 to 12 point type.
B. References
(1)
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The
sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets before the equation appears or immediately following.
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),”
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence:
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use automatic E. Other Recommendations
endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex
the paper using the “References” style. modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.”
Footnote).2 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see calculated the potential.”
Table I). Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
Please note that the references at the end of this document “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm × 0.2
are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ names; cm,” not “0.1 × 0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is
do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and
space after authors’ initials. Papers that have not been abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square
published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values,
have been accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
issue should be cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that have A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
been submitted for publication should be cited as “submitted punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
for publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
private communications [7]. In American English, periods and commas are within
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not”
translation journals, please give the English citation first, instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8]. C” instead of “A, B and C.”
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods carefully proofread your paper.
should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.”
Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the
D. Equations permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter “o.”
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or
equation editor to create the equation. Then select the “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A
“Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word
equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless
compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or you really mean something that alternates). Use the word
“whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to
2
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word
footnote information into the text.
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“issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions of current interest.

are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for Authors should consider the following points:
example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound 1) Technical papers submitted for publication must advance
Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.
composition NixMn1-x. 2) The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), the work. For example, an obvious extension of
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” previously published work might not be appropriate for
“principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” publication or might be adequately treated in just a few
(e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” pages.
and “infer.” 3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “ultra” editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; the
are not independent words; they should be joined to the words standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period unexpected results are reported.
after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is also 4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations information to allow readers to perform similar
are not italicized). experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
An excellent style manual and source of information for Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must
science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide and an contain new, useable, and fully described information. For
Information for Authors are both available at example, a specimen’s chemical composition need not be
http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html reported if the main purpose of a paper is to introduce a
new measurement technique. Authors should expect to be
challenged by reviewers if the results are not supported by
VII. EDITORIAL POLICY adequate data and critical details.
Submission of a manuscript is not required for participation 5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest
in a conference. Do not submit a reworked version of a paper technical achievement, which are suitable for presentation
you have submitted or published elsewhere. Do not publish at a professional conference, may not be appropriate for
“preliminary” data or results. The submitting author is publication in a TRANSACTIONS or JOURNAL.
responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and any
consent required from sponsors before submitting a paper.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS strongly discourage IX. CONCLUSION
courtesy authorship. It is the obligation of the authors to cite A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion
relevant prior work. may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the
The Transactions and Journals Department does not publish abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on
conference records or proceedings. The TRANSACTIONS does the importance of the work or suggest applications and
publish papers related to conferences that have been extensions.
recommended for publication on the basis of peer review. As a
matter of convenience and service to the technical community, APPENDIX
these topical papers are collected and published in one issue of Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
the TRANSACTIONS.
At least two reviews are required for every paper submitted. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
For conference-related papers, the decision to accept or reject
a paper is made by the conference editors and publications The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
committee; the recommendations of the referees are advisory American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
only. Undecipherable English is a valid reason for rejection. singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
Authors of rejected papers may revise and resubmit them to Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
the TRANSACTIONS as regular papers, whereupon they will be thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” Sponsor
reviewed by two new referees. and financial support acknowledgments are placed in the
unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here.

VIII. PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES REFERENCES

[1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with
The contents of IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are paper title and editor),” in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed.
peer-reviewed and archival. The TRANSACTIONS publishes New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial [2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and topics
 6
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[3] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New

York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[4] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms (Unpublished work
style),” unpublished.
[5] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays (Periodical style—Accepted for First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and the other authors may include
publication),” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., to be published. biographies at the end of regular papers. Biographies are often not included in
[6] J. Wang, “Fundamentals of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers arrays conference-related papers. This author became a Member (M) of IEEE in
(Periodical style—Submitted for publication),” IEEE J. Quantum 1976, a Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a Fellow (F) in 1987. The first
Electron., submitted for publication. paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then date). Next,
[7] C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Lab., Boulder, CO, private the author’s educational background is listed. The degrees should be listed
communication, May 1995. with type of degree in what field, which institution, city, state, and country,
[8] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy and year degree was earned. The author’s major field of study should be
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interfaces lower-cased.
(Translation Journals style),” IEEE Transl. J. Magn.Jpn., vol. 2, Aug. The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she)
1987, pp. 740–741 [Dig. 9th Annu. Conf. Magnetics Japan, 1982, p. 301]. and not the author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including
[9] M. Young, The Techincal Writers Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must
University Science, 1989. have a location; previous positions may be listed without one. Information
[10] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of concerning previous publications may be included. Try not to list more than
feasibility (Periodical style),” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, three books or published articles. The format for listing publishers of a book
pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959. within the biography is: title of book (city, state: publisher name, year) similar
[11] S. Chen, B. Mulgrew, and P. M. Grant, “A clustering technique for to a reference. Current and previous research interests end the paragraph.
digital communications channel equalization using radial basis function The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name
networks,” IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 570–578, Jul. (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships in
1993. professional societies other than the IEEE. Finally, list any awards and work
[12] R. W. Lucky, “Automatic equalization for digital communication,” Bell for IEEE committees and publications. If a photograph is provided, the
Syst. Tech. J., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 547–588, Apr. 1965. biography will be indented around it. The photograph is placed at the top left
[13] S. P. Bingulac, “On the compatibility of adaptive controllers (Published of the biography. Personal hobbies will be deleted from the biography.
Conference Proceedings style),” in Proc. 4th Annu. Allerton Conf.
Circuits and Systems Theory, New York, 1994, pp. 8–16.
[14] G. R. Faulhaber, “Design of service systems with priority reservation,”
in Conf. Rec. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf. Communications, pp. 3–8.
[15] W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial anisotropy,”
in 1987 Proc. INTERMAG Conf., pp. 2.2-1–2.2-6.
[16] G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents n short sections
on bundle conductors (Presented Conference Paper style),” presented at
the IEEE Summer power Meeting, Dallas, TX, Jun. 22–27, 1990, Paper
90 SM 690-0 PWRS.
[17] J. G. Kreifeldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an
amplitude-modulated noise,” presented at the 1989 Int. Conf. Medicine
and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL.
[18] J. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer (Thesis or Dissertation style),”
Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA,
1993.
[19] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium
nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka,
Japan, 1993.
[20] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices (Patent style),” U.S.
Patent 3 624 12, July 16, 1990.
[21] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems (Standards style), IEEE
Standard 308, 1969.
[22] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
[23] R. E. Haskell and C. T. Case, “Transient signal propagation in lossless
isotropic plasmas (Report style),” USAF Cambridge Res. Lab.,
Cambridge, MA Rep. ARCRL-66-234 (II), 1994, vol. 2.
[24] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the
Earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, Tech. Rep.
TR-0200 (420-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
[25] (Handbook style) Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed.,
Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44–60.
[26] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor
Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989.
[27] (Basic Book/Monograph Online Sources) J. K. Author. (year, month,
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