The Impact of PM Housing Scheme

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA
DISSERTATION
BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL

DEPARTMENT OF REGIONAL PLANNING AND ECONOMIC
GROWTH
SUBMITTED TO
Dr. PAVAN MISHRA
HOD
SUBMITTTED BY: GUIDED BY:
PRATIBHA KHATIK DR. ROOPALI SHEVALKAR
M.A. ECONOMICS- SEM 3 (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
Roll NO. : 2282000022 DEPT. OF RPEG
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals. I would like to extend
sincere thanks to all of them.
It has been great journey while doing this survey based on socio-economic
situations of common people living in the city of Bhopal. I would like to extend
my gratitude towards Dr. Roopali Shevalkar mam and Dr. Ishrat Qureshi
mam who guided me and helped through my research journey. Secondly I
would also like to thank my parents and friends for helping me in this
dissertation report. And helping me in finalizing this topic with in the limited
time frame.
PRATIBHA KHATIK
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CERTIFICATE
Dr. Roopali shevalkar mam

Department of Regional planning
And Economic growth
This is to certify that the work of dissertation in title-“The impact of PM
Housing scheme. Has been carried out by PRATIBHA KHATIK under the
guidance of Dr.Roopali Shevalkar for the fulfillment of MA economics
Semester 3th in Department of regional planning economic growth, Barkatullah
University Bhopal during the academic year 2022-2023, It is further certified
that the dissertation report is a piece of original research work and the material
embodied in it has been truly self-made report.
SUPERVISIOR HOD
Dr. ROOPALI SHEVALKAR DR.PAVAN
MISHRA
Assistant professor, RPEG, BHOPAL PROFESSOR
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INDEX
S. No Titles Page
Chapter – 1:
1 Introduction & 5
Review of Literature
Chapter – 2:
2 16
Concept of Topic
Chapter – 3:
Comparative
3 42
analysis at physical
level
Chapter – 4:
Comparative
4 62
analysis at financial
level
Chapter – 5:
5 Conclusion & 78
Suggestion
6 References 81
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CHAPTER-1
PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA

INTRODUCTION
The research is based on the scheme called as “Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana” which is a central sponsored scheme under which sustainable
houses are provided to low income people which economically weaker and
also depressed classes of the society. The main aim of this scheme is uplift
the standard of living of all the people of India. The research analyze the
scheme on the basis of number of projects which have been proposed in the
each state and number of houses which are sanctioned in each state and how
much houses out of sanctioned houses have been completed and delivered to
the beneficiaries which shows the physical progress of PMAY scheme at
state level and also the another part to analyze was financial progress of the
scheme whereby acknowledging the total investment which is proposed and
out it how much money is sanctioned and total released amount out of
sanctioned budget.
The research studies the secondary data of PMAY scheme and found that
there were some issues with the project as number of projects vary in each
state and total investment were different in each state, after findings it was
seen that the allocation of budget is based on number of projects proposed in
each state and also projects were decided according to the geographical area
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and total area available in urban areas for development. In order to do

comparative study of progress of PMAY scheme the research have been done
to find out relationship of projects with physical progress and another
relationship with financial progress.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The relevant review of literature related to the present topic concerning the
issues related to affordable housing for poor people, with special reference
to urban, various governmental schemes and their implementing strategies
and impact of the schemes on beneficiaries in the developed and developing
countries including India has been studied and presented in this chapter. The
review of literature is based on various secondary sources such as books,
journals, dissertations, websites, magazines, newspapers, census, various
government housing reports, documents and guidelines etc., and studied the
objectives, hypothesis, theoretical and methodological approach, research
findings and conclusion to a topic. Since the topic is about newly introduced
government affordable housing scheme, namely “Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana (PMAY)”.
Sheth 2013
Affordable housing is a termed accepted by researchers in providing
solutions, guidelines and frameworks especially in formulating housing
policy and schemes. For years, the Indian government has tried to provide
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affordable housing, mainly through public sector housing programs, slum

redevelopment and provision of land with access to infrastructure.
Gill H S and Sharma P K (2014)

in their article on “Smart Cities and Affordable Housing in India’ reported
that government has made an announcement to build 100 smart cities and
provision for house for all by 2022. Article is an attempt to provide
framework for the establishment of smart cities and strategy for providing
houses for urban poor through composite living through cross subsidy by
unlocking of land prices. Paper provide details of the concept of smart city,
status of housing in India and approaches to housing in India. According to
the study circular cities based on public transportation model, propelled by
clear energy provides a sustainable model supporting the development of
districts and businesses. For smart cities normative norms and standards of
services, approval process and application of technology is prime moving
factor. Technological development will support India to move from low to
high level of urbanization model and helps in making entry to new arena by
providing clean living cities. The analysis suggests that there is a need to
introduce right mix approach for selection of such cities from existing as
well as green field cities. Study recommended that at initial stage of each
project, there is a requirement of funds but in the long-run, it could turn out
to be financially sustainable model provided innovative approaches are
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followed. Such approach also helps in reduction of crime, use of energy and
other natural resources.
Mahadevi D, Bhatia N and Bhonsale B (2014)
Have made an attempt to examine ‘The Regulations for Rehabilitation and

Redevelopment of the Slums 2010, Gujarat’ which has been prepared on
lines of Mumbai’s Slum Rehabilitation Scheme (SRS) model. The study has
been conducted at two slum areas of Ahmedabad viz. Kailashnagar,
Sabarmati and Abhuji Na Chhapra, Ambawadi . Working paper has covered
extensive documenting implementation process of the scheme. Study
highlights the roles of the stakeholders, developer, competent authorities,
slum dwellers and the external agency / nongovernmental organization
(NGO) etc. It has been found that Ahmadabad has around 834 slums and
during the period of more than three years since release of the 2010
regulations, only 11 settlements were covered under the scheme, which
comes to merely 1.3 percent. The coverage of the scheme itself raise
question about the viability of this approach. It has also been found that
developers are not familiar to work with low income households and in
particular slum households to understand the needs, social organization,
politics and affordability. Major issue of all stakeholders are highlighted in
the report.
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Gopalan and Venkatraman 2015

A thrust on affordable housing will not only le better quality of life, but also
significantly provide a boost to the GDP of the country.
Yadav Ajay Singh 2015

The study result reflected the status of JnNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru
National Urban Renewal Mission) in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The study
result showed that 23 percent of urban population lives in slum areas
characterized by poor structural condition and inadequate infrastructural
facilities. Analysis of housing scenario in UP did not give a good picture of
living condition of its habit
Ramakrishna H 2015
Has taken case of Bangalore city to study reality and challenges of

affordable housing. Bangalore has been attracting large number of people
from rural areas and other cities, other countries in search of job, which
resulted in population multiplying manifold. This situation had created stress
on the infrastructure, especially housing. In order to support the initiatives of
the government, it has been decided to invite private participation to aid
housing for these low-income segment of the society. In the city of
Bangalore, there was marginal effort from private sector side in the area of
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affordable housing. Government encouraged the private developers by

allowing them to build multi-strayed housing, which created upward
pressure on house price. The supply and demand gap has also been explored
by the study. Study recommended that only formula to rationalize prices is to
unleash supply, which will benefit both the economically weaker sections
and the middle class. The demand for housing is there but prices are just too
high because of short supply and government policies.
Ajay Singh 2015
Reflected the status of JnNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal

Mission) in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The study result showed that 23
percent of urban population lives in slum areas characterized by poor
structural condition and inadequate infrastructural facilities. Analysis of
housing scenario in UP did not give a good picture of living condition of its
habitats.
Sarkar A, Agrawal V and Morris S 2016

In their article on “Examination of Affordable Housing Policies in India”
made a critical review of Government of India’s programmers for affordable
housing in India, viz. Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) and Housing for All 2022.
The paper analyzed the efficacy of these policies in being able to provide the
sections of the population who are unable to avail housing from the formal
market, both through direct support. Study also addresses the distortions
which made the housing unnecessarily expensive taking away much of the
value to consumers. Research study argued that while these programmes and
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policies are a major advancement over the previous approaches, they do not
fully exploit the potential that is there in an increased FSI, appropriate
exploitation of location value, judicious use of government land, reform of
titles and squatter rights, and more efficient land
Use regulations. Benefits to these government programmers are also
constrained by an inability to distinguish between what the markets can be
coaxed to deliver and where state intervention becomes necessary.
(Pandit) Shelly 2017
Revealed the role of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban), 2015 as an

important tool of Financial Inclusions in India. The Mission, in order to
expand institutional credit flow to the housing needs of urban poor
implemented credit linked subsidy component as a demand side intervention.
Credit linked subsidy was provided on home loans taken from banks by
eligible urban poor (economically weaker Section/ lower income group) for
acquisition and construction of house. In cities many of the urban poor who
lived in slum areas did not have any bank account or they didn’t get any
financial service from financial institution. The study reflected that to get
subsidy to Reconstruct/renovate their houses and to improve their lifestyle
they must take the Opportunity to get housing loans from this Yojana.
Therefore, they have to open a bank account, which will be linked with their
Aadhaar number, must fulfill the aim of financial inclusion.
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P.Anath 2017
Conducted a study on housing for poor and the impact of IAY in rural India
in 2017, pointed out that PMAY-G is a flagship scheme of the Ministry of
Rural Development to provide houses to the rural poor. Under PMAY, it is
proposed to build 2 core houses for urban poor including economically
weaker sections and low income groups in urban areas by the year 2022
through a financial assistance of two trillion from central government.
According to him PMAY also provides provisions for income generation.
OBJECTIVES
1. To analyses the Pradhan mantra awas yojana scheme and its development
in India.
2. This to carry out comparative analysis of physical progress of scheme
including sanctioned houses, grounded houses and completed housed
while ascertaining the total projects. While ascertaining the top
performing states by ranking method.
3. The next objective is to carry out the research in financial progress of
PMAY at state level
4. To carry out a comparative analyses of this PMAY (URBAN) Scheme.
5. To accesses the regional variations the progress of PMAY (URBAN)
Scheme
HYPOTHESIS
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1. There has been a decent progress in pm scheme in all the state at physical
level.
2. There has been proper utilization of the available funds of this scheme by
all the states.
3. There are regional variations in progress of this scheme.
DATABASE:-
 https://pmaymis.gov.in/
 https://pmay-urban.gov.in/
 https://pmay-urban.gov.in/uploads/progress-pdfs/637b7cd0dd22e-PMAY-
U_Achievement_as_on_21st_Nov_2022_for-WEB.pdf
 https://pmay-urban.gov.in/uploads/progress-pdfs/637b7ce3147fe
 Various reports of Government of India, Ministry of Housing, Ministry of Urban
development and Poverty alleviation and ministry of Housing .
METHOD AND TECHNIQUES
RATIO ANALYSIS- The method is used in finding the ratio between the two
variable and here ratio is being used in finding the percentage ratio of physical
and financial progress.
RANK ANALYSIS- The rank analysis is used for ranking of the states as per
their performance and rank is given from top level to bottom level.
MEAN: Mean is an arithmetic average of the data set and it can be calculated
by dividing a sum of all the data points with the number of data points in the
data set. It is a point in a data set that is the average of all the data points we
have in a set. In statistics, mean is the most common and frequently used
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method to measure the center of a data set. It’s a fundamental yet essential part
of the statistical analysis of data. If we calculate the average value of the
population set, then it is called the population mean. Sometimes, population
data is vast, and we cannot perform analysis on that data set. Hence, in that
case, we take a sample out of it and take an average. That sample represents the
population set and the mean of this part of the data is called a sample mean.
Mean=Sum of observations /Number of observations
An
important note is that the mean value is the average value, which will fall
between the maximum and minimum value in the data set. The mean value will
not be the number in the data set, but its values are sometimes equal to the data
set’s value.
STANDARD DEVIATION-
Variance and Standard deviation are the two important topics in Statistics. It is

the measure of the dispersion of statistical data. Dispersion is the extent to
which values in a distribution differ from the average of the distribution. To
quantify the extent of the variation, there are certain measures namely:
1. Range
2. Quartile Deviation
3. Mean Deviation
4. Standard Deviation
The degree of dispersion is calculated by the procedure of measuring the
variation of data points. In this article, you will learn what are variance and
standard deviation formulas, and the procedure to find the values with
examples.
COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION- The co-efficient of variation (CV) is a
statistical measure of the dispersion of data points in a data series around the
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mean. The co-efficient of variation represents the ratio of the standard

deviation to the mean, and it is a useful statistic for comparing the degree of
variation from one data series to another, even if the means are drastically
different from one another. Co-efficient of Variation (CV) Formula
Below is the formula for how to calculate the co-efficient of variation:
CV= μ σwhere: σ=standard deviation
μ=mean
To calculate the CV for a sample, the formula is:
CV = sd/x * 100CV=sd/x∗100
where:
s = standard deviation
x̄ = mean for the population
The co-efficient of variation formula can be performed in Excel by first using

the standard deviation function for a data set. Next, calculate the mean by using
the Excel function provided. Since the co-efficient of variation is the standard
Deviation divided by the mean, divide the cell containing the standard deviation
by the cell containing the mean.
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CHAPTER -2
Concept of Housing and various housing schemes
House is considered as one of the three basic needs of life besides food and
cloth. Housing fulfills a fundamental aspect of men’s need given that access
to safe and adequate shelter and basic service is essential to a person’s
physical, psychological, social and economic well-being. Access to
adequate, affordable and quality housing is an important social goal in many
countries. Developing nations is facing a multi-dimensional problem of
housing, especially for low income earners who constitute the majority of
the population .The problem of rapid population growth, continuous influx
of people from rural to the urban centers and the lack of basic infrastructure
required for a good standard of living, disparity between the price and
quantity of housing, the number of households and the money available to
them to pay these prices have compounded housing problems over the years.
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The 20th century witnessed a rapid growth in urban population. Rapid

growth of the urban population resulting in overcrowded slums in cities.
Slums are home to an increasing number of the urban poor. Housing
affordability is currently a prominent concern in India, especially in urban
areas, because housing costs have increased more than incomes over the last
few years. Globally, there have been several interventions which have aimed
to provide affordable housing solutions for all. Government of India also has
declared the mission of ‘Home for All’ by 2022. In order to achieve this
objective, Central Government has launched a comprehensive mission
“Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Housing for All (Urban)”.
The mission seeks to address the housing requirement of urban poor
including slum dwellers (Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation,
2016). In order to understand the concept of affordable housing and Pradhan
Mantri Awas Yojana scheme, it is important to understand the various
definitions of
Affordable housing in global and Indian context and urbanization and
housing problems in India.
The concept of housing affordability has been widely used for the past 15
years or so but defining it accurately is challenging. Housing affordability
could simply be defined as shelter that is cost-effective, meaning that a
household can “pay without incurring financial difficulties” The root
definition of housing affordability is the income capability to cover the cost
of purchasing a house.
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URBANISATION AND HOUSING PROBLEMS IN INDIA

As per 2011 census, the country had a population of 1,210.98 million, out of
which, 377.10 million (31.2 percent) lived in urban areas. During 2001-
2011, the urban population of India grew at a CAGR of 2.8 percent, resulting
in the increase in level of urbanization from 27.8 percent to 31.2 percent.
India will have 41 percent of its population living in cities and towns by
2030.
The total population of, the study area was as per Census 72,626,809 2011.
During 1991-2011, population in the city grew at a CAGR of 2 percent.
This growing concentration of people in urban areas has led to problems of

land shortage, housing shortfall and congested transit and has also severely
stressed the existing basic amenities such as water, power and open spaces of
the towns and cities. Urbanization has resulted in people increasingly living
in slums and squatter settlements and has deteriorated the housing conditions
of the economically weaker sections of the society. This is primarily due to
the skyrocketing prices of land and real estate in urban areas that have
forced the poor and the economically weaker sections of the society to
occupy the marginal lands typified by poor housing stock, congestion and
obsolescence.
The United Nations (1952) define slums as a building, a group of buildings
or area characterized by overcrowding, deterioration, unsanitary conditions
or any one of them endangering the health, safety, or morals of its
inhabitants or the community . There are dominantly two types of low
income residential areas found in the city, chawls which were originally the
residential units build in the mill premises for workers and slums which
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represent illegal occupation of marginal areas of the city by migrants and

other economically weaker sections. The latter lack adequate facilities and
basic amenities and are found along the riverfront, low lying areas, vacant
private/government land etc. Slums appear to have mushroomed in those
areas of the city that have a high percentage of migrant population and lower
numbers of households per house. Immigration from rural areas and smaller
towns brings people to larger cities in search of more prospects in terms of
economic growth. Recurrent droughts and agricultural failure, division of
land (and therefore economically non-viable landholdings). Urbanization
and migration led to a rise of population in urban areas. This puts a pressure
on the housing demand in the city, particularly in the lower end. Affordable
housing is a major concern across the country.
Availability of housing, particular in the Economically Weaker Section
(EWS) and Lower Income Group (LIG) segments, seem to be grossly
undersupplied This is clear by the number of people living in rental
accommodations. As per Census 2011, the total number of rented units under
the EWS and LIG categories (urban population) was around 1, 84,600. This
can be considered the unmet housing demand in these segments in 2011.
Thus, it can be estimated that in 2014 this unmet demand would have grown
to about 2, 80,119 units.
As a result, there is shortage of houses especially for poor migrants, who in
search of shelter are residing in slums and squatter settlements. So the
demand of houses affordable to economically weaker section and low
income population has increased.
DEMAND FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA
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Affordable housing is quickly taking a center stage internationally, within

the national agenda in Republic of India. Various factors are responsible for
the demand of affordable house in India, such as, the progressive
urbanization, going hand in hand with a growing urban population, which
increased from 109 million in 1971 to 377 million in 2011, and is projected
to grow to 600 million by 2030. The consequence of the growing
concentration of people in urban spaces is felt in land and housing shortages
and congested transit, besides the stress on basic amenities such as water,
power, and sanitation. The Ministry of Housing estimated a housing shortage
of 18.78 million houses during the 12th plan period, with 99 percent in the
economically weaker and lower Alleviation, 2012, the Government of India

reported there was a shortage of about 19 million homes in urban India, 56
percent of which are from Economically Weaker Section (EWS) households
with monthly income less than Rs.25, 000.
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The Technical Group on Urban Housing Shortage for the Twelfth Five
Year Plan (2012 – 17) defines housing shortage as comprised of the
following components:
1. Excess of households over the acceptable housing stock (people living in
Informal properties)
2. Number of extra households needed due to congestion
3. Number of extra households needed due to obsolescence

The above classification is need based perspective of housing shortage alone
and ignores the housing requirements from the demand. By this definition,
the total need based housing shortage in the country is around 19 million
units as per census 2011.
A thrust on affordable housing will not only lead to better quality of life, but
also significantly provide a boost to the GDP of the country. Housing is the
largest component of the financial as well as the construction sector (High
Level Task Force on Affordable Housing for All, 2008). Thus, housing
deserves significant attention in the context of developing policies and
strategies for human development.
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Rapid Migration
Urbanization
Demand of Increasing
affordable urban
house Population
Shortage of
House
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Effect of Rapid Urbanization (Source: Researcher)
INDIAN GOVERNMENT’AFFORDABLEHOUSING SCHEMES

(Table 1.1). The affordable housing programmers launched since 2005 are as
follows:
PMAY
Sr.no. Housing Schemes Launched in Year
1 Integrated Subsidized Housing Scheme 1952

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for Industrial workers
and Economically Weaker Sections
2 Low Income Group Housing Scheme 1954
3 Subsidized Housing Scheme for 1956
Plantation Workers
4 Middle Income Group Housing Scheme 1959
5 Rental Housing Scheme for State 1959
Government Employees
6 Slum Clearance and Improvement 1956
Scheme
7 Village Housing Projects Scheme 1959
8 Land Acquisition and Development 1959

Scheme
9 Provision of House Sites of Houseless 1971
Workers in Rural Areas
10 Environmental Improvement of Urban 1972
Slums
11 Sites and Services Schemes 1980
12 Indira Awas Yojana 1985
13 Night Shelter Scheme for Pavement 1990
Dwellers
14 National Slum Development 1996
Programmed
15 2 Million Housing Programmed 1998
16 Valmiki Ambedkar Malin Basti Awas 2000
Yojana
PMAY 17 Pradan Mantra GramodayaYojana 2001
18 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban 2005
Renewal Mission
19 Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana 2009
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(Source: Various reports of Government of India, Ministry of Housing,

Ministry of Urban development and Poverty alleviation and ministry of
Housing)
Affordable housing is a term accepted by researchers in providing solutions,
guidelines and frameworks especially in formulating housing policy and
schemes.
Housing affordability has become a pressing issue due to certain factors
such as growing population, speculation in house prices, economic growth
and inadequate housing supply Problems in housing affordability are
experienced in many countries. For years, the Indian government has tried to
provide affordable housing, mainly through public sector housing programs,
slum redevelopment and provision of land with access to infrastructure Since
Independence, government of India had launched various housing schemes
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission :

It aimed to construct 1.5 Million houses for the urban poor in the mission
period (2005-2012) in the 65 mission cities. Two policies under JNNURM
targeted housing. Integrated Housing and Slum Redevelopment Programmed
was a direct housing policy measure under JNNURM. Basic Services for the
Urban Poor (BSUP) aimed at providing entitlements such as security of
tenure, affordable housing, and services such as water, sanitation, health and
education and social security to low-income segments .This programmer was
designed as a reform-linked investment mission to ensure financially
sustainable development of the cities through efficient governance, better
infrastructure and improved service delivery The programmer has made a
difference to the size of investments, breadth of coverage across cities and
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sectors, in catalyzing multi-year investments and reformed development in

urban infrastructure. While service-level benchmarks have been developed
for most basic services, however, there is no data on physical progress on the
services or processes on which the JNNURM funds have been spent .The
biggest challenge that this program faced was the scarcity of suitable land,
which the Planning Commission of India (2012–2017) attributes to the
suboptimal land-use patterns, largely induced by the regulatory regime in
place, the lack of long-term urban planning, and the lack of a participatory
planning process to determine the most efficient use of parcels of land .
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (2009-10):
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) is a rural development

programmer launched by the government of India in the financial year 2009–
10. This programmer was launched for the development of villages having
more than 50 percent Scheduled Castes (SC) population and is implemented
by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. The aim of the scheme
is to integrated development of the selected villages so that they have all
required physical and social infrastructure for an all-round socio-economic
development. Another objective of the plan is elimination of disparity
between SCs and other communities in terms of common socio-economic
indicators such as literacy rate, completion rate of elementary education,
infant mortality rate/maternal mortality rate and ownership of productive
assets (Ministry of Social Justice And Empowerment, 2019).
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Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY):
The RAY programmer aimed at creating a slum free India. It was launched in
2011 in two phases. The “preparatory phase” ended in 2013. The
implementation phase” was sanctioned for action from 2013 to 2022. The
two major objectives of RAY were, (1) legal recognition of slums and
bringing them into the formal system and (2) redress the failures of the
formal system. However, like other programmers before it, RAY didn’t reach
the poorest urban dwellers, experienced a decline in houses built, and often
resulted in evictions and slum demolitions. Since its inception in 2009, out
of the 4,571 dwelling units constructed under RAY till September 2015, only
313 are occupied; indicating an occupancy rate of less than seven
percent .On May 2015, Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) was rolled over into the
Housing for All (HFA) by 2022 policy.
The above housing schemes of government of India aimed to improve the
pace of development of housing and related infrastructure. The government
of India has been trying to tackle to provide shelter to the houseless through
various hosing schemes. The main reasons for delay and failure of the earlier
schemes were due to the challenges faced in land acquisition in urban areas
at affordable price, inadequate infrastructure and a lengthy approval process.
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Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Housing for All (Urban):
A flagship Mission of Government of India being implemented by Ministry

of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), was launched on 25th June 2015.
The Mission addresses urban housing shortage among the EWS/LIG and
MIG categories including the slum dwellers by ensuring a pucca house to all
eligible urban households by the year 2022, when Nation completes 75 years
of its Independence. PMAY (U) adopts a demand driven approach wherein
the Housing shortage is decided based on demand assessment by
States/Union Territories. State Level Nodal Agencies (SLNAs), Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs)/ Implementing Agencies (IAs), Central Nodal Agencies
(CNAs) and Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs) are main stakeholders who
play an important role in implementation and success of PMAY (U).
Objective of PMAYscheme
The visionary Pradhan Mantri housing Yojana scheme focus on four

categories includes:
Building and/ or enhancing the houses led by legatees
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Promotion of ‘Affordable Housing’ for weaker section through credit linked

subsidy Rehabilitation of existing slum dwellers with private sector
participation using land as resource
Affordable housing in association with private and government funding

Features of PMYA scheme
The Indian government will provide an interest subsidy of 6.5% on housing
loans availed by the beneficiaries for a period of 15 years from the
commencement of their loan tenure.
This scheme can well be termed as a Pro-women scheme due to its
preference over to the female applicants in the family.
During the allocation of houses under the scheme of PMAY, the preference
in allocating the ground floors will be given to the senior citizens and to the
differently-abled.
All the houses built under PMYA scheme would be carried out through
technology and will have eco-friendly compliance.
The Mission covers the entire urban area consisting of Statutory Towns,
Notified Planning Areas, Development Authorities, Special Area
Development Authorities, Industrial Development Authorities or any such
authority under State legislation which is entrusted with the functions of
urban planning & regulations. All houses under PMAY (U) have basic
amenities like toilet, water supply, electricity and kitchen. The Mission
promotes women empowerment by providing the ownership of houses in
PMAY
P a g e | 30
name of female member or in joint name. Preference is also given to

differently abled persons, senior citizens, SCs, STs, OBCs, Minority, single
women, transgender and other weaker & vulnerable sections of the society. A
PMAY (U) house ensures dignified living along with sense of security and
pride of ownership to the beneficiaries.
PMAY (U) adopts a cafeteria approach to suit the needs of individuals based
on the geographical conditions, topography, economic conditions,
availability of land, infrastructure etc.
The scheme has hence been divided into four verticals as given below:
1. 'In-situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR):
Central Assistance of Rs. 1 lakh per house is admissible for all houses built
for eligible slum dwellers under the component of ISSR using land as
Resource with participation of private developers. After redevelopment, de-
notification of slums by State/UT Government is recommended under the
guidelines.
PMAY
P a g e | 31
Flexibility is given to States/Cities to deploy this Central Assistance for

other slums being redeveloped. States/Cities provide additional FSI/FAR or
TDR to make projects financially viable. For slums on private owned land,
States/Cities provide additional FSI/FAR or TDR to land owner as per its
policy. No Central Assistance is admissible in such case.
2. Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS):
Beneficiaries of Economically Weaker Section (EWS)/Low Income Group

(LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG)-I and Middle Income Group (MIG)-II
seeking housing loans from Banks, Housing Finance Companies and other
such institutions for acquiring, new construction or enhancement* of houses
are eligible for an interest subsidy of 6.5%, 4% and 3% on loan amount up to
Rs. 6 Lakh, Rs. 9 Lakh and Rs. 12 Lakh respectively. The Ministry has
designated Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO),
National Housing Bank (NHB) and State Bank of India (SBI) as Central
PMAY
P a g e | 32
Nodal Agencies (CNAs) to channelize this subsidy to the beneficiaries

through lending institutions and for monitoring the progress. The scheme for
MIG category has been extended up to 31st March, 2021.
The CLAP portal has significantly contributed towards streamlining
processes under CLSS vertical which has also facilitated the Ministry in
reducing in grievances.
3. Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP ):
Under AHP, Central Assistance of Rs. 1.5 Lakh per EWS house is provided
by the Government of India. An affordable housing project can be a mix of
houses for different categories but it will be eligible for Central Assistance,
if at least 35% of the houses in the project are for EWS category. The
States/UTs decide on an upper ceiling on the sale price of EWS houses with
an objective to make them affordable and accessible to the intended
beneficiaries. State and cities also extend other concessions such as their
State share, land at affordable cost, stamp duty exemption etc.
4. Beneficiary-led Individual House Construction/ Enhancement

(BLC-N/ BLC-E):
Central Assistance up to Rs. 1.5 lakh per EWS house is provided to
eligible families belonging to EWS categories for individual house
Construction/ enhancement. The Urban Local Bodies validate the
information and building plan submitted by the beneficiary so that
ownership of land and other details like economic status and eligibility
can be ascertained. Central Assistance, along with State/UT/ ULB share,
PMAY
P a g e | 33
if any, is released to the bank accounts of beneficiaries through Direct

Benefit Transfer (DBT) by States/UTs.Central Assistance up to Rs. 1.5
lakh per EWS house is provided to eligible families belonging to EWS
categories for individual house construction/ enhancement. The Urban
Local Bodies validate the information and building plan submitted by the
beneficiary so that ownership of land and other details like economic
status and eligibility can be ascertained. Central Assistance, along with
State/UT/ ULB share, if any, is released to the bank accounts of
beneficiaries through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) by States/UTs.
Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) for Migrant Workers/ Urban

Poor COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reverse migration of urban migrants/
poor in the country. Urban migrants stay in slums/ informal settlements/
unauthorized colonies/ peri-urban areas to save cost on housing. They need
decent rental housing at affordable rate at their work sites. In order to address
this need, Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs has initiated Affordable Rental
Housing Complexes (ARHCs), a sub-scheme under Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U). This will provide ease of living to urban migrants/
poor in Industrial Sector as well as in non-formal urban economy to get access
to dignified affordable rental housing close to their workplace. The
ARHC scheme will be implemented through two models:
Utilizing existing Government funded vacant houses to convert into ARHCs
through Public Private Partnership or by Public AgenciesConstruction,
Operation and Maintenance of ARHCs by Public/ Private Entities on their
own vacant land Incentives will be provided to public/ private entities by
Central/ State Government for developing & operating ARHCs which will
include additional FAR/FSI, Income tax and GST exemption, Single window
approval within 30 days, Project finance at lower interest rate, Trunk
PMAY
P a g e | 34
infrastructure till project site, Municipal services at residential rates and Use
permission changes for houses for the vacant land.
Beneficiaries for ARHCs are urban migrants/ poor from EWS/LIG categories
comprising of street vendors, rickshaw pullers and other service providers,
industrial workers along with migrants working with market/ trade
associations, educational/ health institutions, hospitality sector, long term
tourists/ visitors, students or any other category. ARHCs will be a mix of
single/ double bedroom Dwelling Units and Dormitory of 4/6 beds including
all common facilities and will be exclusively used for rental housing for a
minimum period of 25 years.
MoHUA has provisioned for an additional grant in the form of Technology

Innovation Grant (TIG) under TSM for the project using innovative &
alternate technology for speedier, sustainable, resource efficient and disaster
resilient construction. TIG of Rs. 1,00,000/- per dwelling unit in case of
double bedroom (up to 60 sq. carpet area), Rs. 60,000/- per Dwelling Unit
(up to 30 sq. carpet area) in case of single bedroom and Rs. 20,000 per
Dormitory Bed (up to 10 sq. carpet area) shall be released by MoHUA to
entities through BMTPC.
TIG will be applicable only for projects using innovative and alternate
technologies and sanctioned during the PMAY (U) Mission period (March
2022) and completed within 18 months after getting all statutory approvals.
The ARHCs will ensure a dignified living environment for urban
migrants/poor close to their workplaces at affordable rates. This will unlock
existing vacant housing stock and make them available in urban space. It
will propel new investment opportunities and promote entrepreneurship in
PMAY
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rental housing sector by encouraging Public/Private Entities to efficiently

utilize their vacant land available for developing ARHCs.
Robust MIS System

A comprehensive and Robust MIS System is in place that helps all
stakeholders to seamlessly manage information pertaining to physical and
financial progress. The MIS allows submitting on-line demand survey with
tracking facility and helps in housekeeping of various records through
digitization such as Survey, Project information, Beneficiary details, fund
utilization etc. The MIS is equipped with Geo-tagging features and
integrated with BHUVAN Portal of National Remote Sensing Centre
(NRSC) and BHARAT MAP of National Informatics Centre (NIC) for
monitoring the progress of construction of houses under the BLC and
projects under AHP and ISSR verticals. The MIS has also been integrated
with UMANG Mobile App, NITI Aayog Dashboard and DBT Bharat Portal
for dissemination of information.
Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): The transfer of the Central Assistance and
State/ULB share to the beneficiaries of BLC vertical of the Mission is being
done by States/ULBs through DBT mode where the instalments are credited
directly into the beneficiary’s bank account as per construction stage
completed and geo-tagged.
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs emerges as No. 1 in the ranking
evaluated by DBT Mission for 2019-20.
PMAY
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CLSS Awas Portal (CLAP): A web based monitoring system, CLSS Awas
Portal (CLAP) is a common platform where all stakeholders i.e. MoHUA,
Central Nodal Agencies, Primary Lending Institutions, Beneficiaries and
Citizens are integrated in real time environment. The portal facilitates
processing of applications along with tracking of subsidy status by
beneficiaries. CLSS tracker has also been incorporated in PMAY(U) mobile
App and UMANG platform.
Capacity Building Under PMAY (U)

A total of 5% of allocation under the scheme is earmarked for Capacity
Building, Information Education & Communication (IEC) and
Administrative & Other Expenses (A&OE) under PMAY (U). Allocation
available under the Capacity Building head is being utilised for carrying out
various activities required for effective implementation of Mission.
Illustrative activities under the Capacity Building head include the following
ten components
ANGIKAAR- A campaign for change management

Aligning to the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s vision to address issues that arise
from life transformation after moving into pucca houses, ANGIKAAR-
campaign for change management was launched on 29th August 2019. The
campaign focuses on adopting best practices such as water & energy
conservation, waste management, health, sanitation and hygiene for
PMAY(U) beneficiaries through community mobilization and IEC activities.
PMAY
P a g e | 37
PMAY(U) had converged with various Urban Missions of MoHUA and

schemes of other Central Ministries like Health & Family Welfare, Jal
Shakti, Environment Forest & Climate Change, New & Renewable Energy,
Petroleum & Natural Gas, Power, Youth Affairs & Sports and Women &
Child Development.
The campaign was formally launched on 2nd October, 2019,
commemorating 150th Gandhi Jayanti in more than 4,000 cities wherein
need assessment is conducted along with door to door awareness for change
management. Subsequently, this is followed by continuous and consistent
ward level IEC activities in States/ UTs which includes key messages of FIT
India (Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports) and Poshan Abhiyan (Ministry of
Women & Child Development) with active participation of sportspersons/
personalities, youth clubs, educational institutions, FIT India Plugging
events and orientation/ awareness drives/ health camps respectively.
Technology Sub Mission (TSM)

In order to have an integrated approach for comprehensive technical &
financial evaluation of emerging and proven building materials &
technologies, their standardisation, developing specifications and code of
practices, evolving necessary tendering process, capacity building and
creating appropriate delivery mechanism, MoHUA has set up a Technology
Sub-Mission under PMAY(U) with the Mission statement as ‘Sustainable
Technological Solutions for Faster and Cost Effective Construction of
Houses suiting to Geo-Climatic and Hazard Conditions of the Country’.
PMAY
P a g e | 38
TSM facilitates adoption of modern, innovative and green technologies and

building materials for faster and quality construction of houses. TSM also
facilitates preparation and adoption of layout designs and building plans
suitable for various geo-climatic zones. It also assists States/Cities in
deploying disaster resistant and environment-friendly technologies. A total
of 33 Alternate Technologies have been identified. Around 15 Lakh houses
are being constructed using alternate technologies pan India.
Global Housing Technology Challenge - India

MoHUA has initiated the Global Housing Technology Challenge - India
(GHTC-India) which aims to identify and mainstream a basket of innovative
construction technologies from across the globe for housing construction
sector that are sustainable, eco-friendly and disaster-resilient. They are to be
cost effective and speedier while enabling the quality construction of houses,
meeting diverse geo-climatic conditions and desired functional needs. Future
technologies will also be supported to foster an environment of research and
development in the country. GHTC- India aspires to develop an eco-system
to deliver on the technological challenges of the housing construction sector
in a holistic manner.
Hon'ble Prime Minister of India inaugurated the Construction Technology
India- 2019, a global Expo-cum-Conference, which was organized on 2-3
March 2019 in New Delhi. 60 Exhibitors with 54 proven technologies from
25 countries showcased their technologies in the Expo. Prime Minister
declared the year 2019-20 as the 'Construction Technology Year'.
Under Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators- India (ASHA-India)
initiative, incubation and acceleration support is provided to potential future
PMAY
P a g e | 39
technologies that are not yet market ready (pre-prototype applicants) or to

the technologies that are market ready (post prototype applicants). The
ASHA-India Centres will also help in developing design guidelines,
construction manuals and other necessary guidelines, relevant for effective
use of such technologies in the region. ASHA-India Centres are to be set up
at five host institutions: IIT Bombay, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Madras, IIT
Roorkee and CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat.
72 potential future technologies (domestic) have been identified through the

challenge which will be shortlisted for providing support under ASHA-India.
Light House projects under GHTC India
The Light House projects(LHPs), to be developed under GHTC India, will

serve as live laboratories for different aspects of transfer of technology to the
field. This includes planning, design, production of components,
construction practices and testing for both faculty and students of IITs/ NITs/
Engineering colleges/ Planning and Architecture colleges, builders,
professionals of private and public sectors and other relevant stakeholders.
GHTC India ushered a paradigm shift in the construction technology to
transform the eco-system of housing construction.
PMAY
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For use of innovative technology in

construction, the Ministry has introduced a Technology Innovation Grant as
an additional grant of Rs. 4.0 Lakh per house over and above the existing
share of Rs 1.5 lakh per house under PMAY (U) for LHPs.
The LHPs are being implemented in Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh to demonstrate the innovative
construction technologies which are cost-effective, green and sustainable.
Demonstration Housing Projects (DHPS)
In order to showcase the field application of new emerging technologies,

MoHUA has taken an initiative to construct Demonstration Housing through
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC). A DHP
provides on-site orientation to practitioners in the housing sector with
knowledge on the application and use of alternate technology. Each DHP
contains up to 40 Houses with sustainable, cost and time effective emerging
alternate housing construction technologies suitable to the geo-climatic and
hazardous conditions of the region. Such DHPs have been completed in
Bhubaneshwar, Bihar Sharif, Hyderabad, Lucknow and Nellore and are
under pipeline in Agartala, Panchkula, Goa and Hyderabad.
PMAY
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BENEFIT OF PRADHAN MANTRI AWASH YOJANA
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana is an initiative by the Modi government to

provide an affordable housing.
Their target is to build 20 million affordable houses by 31 March 2022. It has

two component Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana (Urban) for Urban poor and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin) for
rural poor,
 Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes.

 Economically Weaker Section (EWS).
 PMAY is applicable to borrowers belonging to the:
 Up to 6 lakh per annum- credit-linked subsidy of 6.5% will be available
for loan amounts up to RS.6 lakh.
 Up to 12 lakh per annum- People earning up to Rs.12 lakh will get 4%
interest subsidy on a loan amount of Rs. 9 lakh.
 Up to 18 lakh per annum- People earning up to Rs.18 lakh per annum
income category will get 3% Subsidy on a loan amount of Rs.12 lakh.
 The interest subsidy rate provided by the scheme is up to 6.5% on
housing loan to all beneficiaries taking loan with tenure of up to 20 years.
PMAY
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CHAPTER-3
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA
(URBAN) AT STATE LEVEL IN
TERMS OF PHYSICAL PROGRESS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains the comparative study of PRDHAN MANTRI AWAS
YOJANA-URBAN at state level in terms of physical progress. The main
objective of PMAY-URBAN is to provide houses to the depressed section of
the society and the economically weaker section. The chapter contains the
physical progress of houses all over states, physical progress is categorized
into three subheads which are sanctioned houses, grounded houses,
completed houses along with the state wise total project proposed.
PMAY
P a g e | 43
Sanctioned houses- these are the total number of houses which are
sanctioned by government over total projects proposed.
Grounded houses- these are the part of sanctioned houses which are at
developing stage meaning that the base is prepared and right now
construction is going on.
Completed houses- these are those houses which are completed and
delivered to the beneficiaries.
So the scheme is providing three types of houses which are divided into LIG
and MIG where there are 1bhk houses, 2bhk houses, 3bhk houses are
provided.
These types of houses are only provided in the urban area and the physical
progress is of urban areas only.
The study tries to find out the comparison oh states according to the subheads
under physical progress by calculation of CV.
The number of states which are taken in this study is 20 and excluding north
east states and union territories.
TABLE -3.1
SR.NO. STATES
1 Andhra Pradesh
2 Bihar
3 Chhattisgarh
4 Goa
5 Gujarat
6 Haryana
7 Himachal Pradesh
PMAY
P a g e | 44
8 Jharkhand
9 Karnataka
10 Kerala
11 Madhya Pradesh
12 Maharashtra
13 Odisha
14 Punjab
15 Rajasthan
16 Tamil Nadu
17 Telangana
18 Uttar Pradesh
19 Uttarakhand
20 west Bengal
PMAY (URBAN) STATE LEVEL PHYSCIAL PROGRESS
(ABSOLUTE DATA)
TABLE-3.2
SR.NO STATES PROJECT PHYSICAL PROGRESS OF HOUSE (NOS)

. PROPOSAL
CONSIDERED)
SANCTIONE GROUNDE COMPLETED
D D
1 Andhra 1290 2075773 1907193 628053
Pradesh
PMAY
P a g e | 45
2 Bihar 520 327614 308458 98983

3 Chhattisgar 1796 298664 253511 155047
h
4 Goa 4 3210 2867 2865
5 Gujarat 1707 1058902 966407 717391
6 Haryana 457 167211 88677 55201
7 Himachal 364 13266 12168 8493
Pradesh
8 Jharkhand 453 234544 213454 116288
9 Karnataka 2760 707232 592351 279504
10 Kerala 699 159650 131538 104976
11 Madhya 1910 968236 872063 551353
Pradesh
12 Maharashtr 1536 1501263 1006999 655278
a
13 Odisha 976 213749 164708 114731
14 Punjab 871 115791 100676 58251
15 Rajasthan 673 278436 170696 137733
16 Tamil Nadu 4798 689378 620951 480462
17 Telangana 303 250199 235707 212027
18 Uttar 4611 1705967 1502964 1182206
Pradesh
19 Uttarakhan 261 62867 39687 25263
d
20 west bengal 656 698006 499318 299276
PMAY
P a g e | 46
SUB TOTAL 26645 1, 15, 29,958 96, 90,393 58, 83,354
Note-The above table reflects the absolute figures of physical progress in

various states in 2022In the following section percentage of grounded
projects out of sanctioned projects has been analyzed.
GROUNDED PROJECT OUT OF SANCTIONED PROJECTS

TABLE-3.3
GROUNDED OUT OF SANCTIONED (Nos) PERCENTAE WISE
SR.NO STATES SANCTIONE GROUNDE Grounded/

. D D sanctioned (%)
1 Andhra 2075773 1907193 91.88
PMAY
P a g e | 47
Pradesh
2 Bihar 327614 308458 94.15
3 Chhattisgar 298664 253511 84.88

h
4 Goa 3210 2867 89.31
5 Gujarat 1058902 966407 91.27
6 Haryana 167211 88677 53.03
7 Himachal 13266 12168 91.72

Pradesh
8 Jharkhand 234544 213454 91.01
9 Karnataka 707232 592351 83.76
10 Kerala 159650 131538 82.39
11 Madhya 968236 872063 90.07

Pradesh
12 Maharashtr 1501263 1006999 67.08

a
PMAY
P a g e | 48
13 Odisha 213749 164708 77.06
14 Punjab 115791 100676 86.95
15 Rajasthan 278436 170696 61.31
16 Tamil Nadu 689378 620951 90.07
17 Telangana 250199 235707 94.21
18 Uttar 1705967 1502964 88.10

Pradesh
19 Uttarakhan 62867 39687 63.13

d
20 west bengal 698006 499318 71.53
21 SUB 11529958 9690393 84.05

TOTAL
Note- In the following section state-wise analysis of grounded to sanctioned

projects has been done.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF PERCENATAGE SHARE OF

GROUNDED HOUSES OUT OF SANCTIONED HOUSES
PMAY
P a g e | 49
GRAPH-3.1
grounded out of sanctioned(%)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
h r
ha gar
h a ra
t a h d a la esh tra sha ab n u a h d al
es
Bi Go ja an des han tak era h i j tha Nad gan des han ng
rad s
Gu
ry a k a K Pra d
ra
s d n
Pu aja
s il an ra ak be
P tti Ha l Pr har arn ha
O
m Tel ar P ttar est
a ha a J K a R a
hr Ch h hy a T
d ac ad M Utt U w
An i m M
H
grounded out of sanctioned(%)
RANK ANALYSIS OF GROUNDED PROJECT OUT OF SANCTIONED

PROJECTS
TOP 5 STATES
PMAY
P a g e | 50
TABLE-3.4
SR.NO. STATES PERCENT RANK
1 Telangana 94.21 1
2 Bihar 94.15 2
3 Andhra Pradesh 91.88 3
4 Himachal Pradesh 91.72 4
5 Gujarat 91.27 5
BOTTOM 5 STATES
TABLE-3.5
SR.NO. STATES PERCEN RANK

T
1 Haryana 53.03 1
2 Rajasthan 61.31 2
3 Uttarakhand 63.13 3
4 Maharashtra 67.08 4
5 west Bengal 71.53 5
The above table and graph shown in table 3.4 and graph 3.1 depicted about
the top 5 states which performed well and bottom 5 states which performed
poorly among others the key finding in this analysis were that in top 5 states,
Telangana stands at first position with percent value to 94.21 whereby the
second positon is retained by Bihar with 94.12 percent which means that the
scheme have worked efficiently in all these top 5 states while the rate of
development of PMAY scheme in bottom 5 states was very low as the
PMAY
P a g e | 51
grounded projects ratio is very small as compared to sanctioned projects

which raises the question that this much regional disparity is present in all
these states in the scheme but after analysis it was found that there were
reasons which were responsible for this disparity. The very first reason is
geographical area where center have sanctioned projects according to the
size of states and size of availability of plots which can be structures and
grounded, states like west Bengal or uttarakhand there topography is not
same there are many problems arises in grounding projects due to small size
of area as well as hilly areas where there is a high risk of landslides. The
second reason is political dilemma where there are states whereby the
political parties at central level and state level differs which creates obstacle
for proper implementation of projects which is due to lack of coordination
between state and central government.
In the following section percentage of completed projects out of sanctioned
projects has been analyzed.
COMPLETED PROJECTS OUT OF SANCTIONED PROJECTS
TABLE-3.6
COMPLETED OUT OF SANCTIONED (%)
PMAY
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SR.N STATES SANCTIONE COMPLETE COMPLETED/

O. D D SANCTIONED*100
1 Andhra 2075773 628053 30.26
Pradesh
2 Bihar 327614 98983 30.21
3 Chhattisgar 298664 155047 51.91
h
4 Goa 3210 2865 89.25
5 Gujarat 1058902 717391 67.75
6 Haryana 167211 55201 33.01
7 Himachal 13266 8493 64.02
Pradesh
8 Jharkhand 234544 116288 49.58
9 Karnataka 707232 279504 39.52
10 Kerala 159650 104976 65.75
11 Madhya 968236 551353 56.94
Pradesh
12 Maharashtr 1501263 655278 43.65
a
13 Odisha 213749 114731 53.68
14 Punjab 115791 58251 50.31
15 Rajasthan 278436 137733 49.47
16 Tamil Nadu 689378 480462 69.70
17 Telangana 250199 212027 84.74
18 Uttar 1705967 1182206 69.30
Pradesh
19 Uttarakhan 62867 25263 40.18
d
20 west bengal 698006 299276 42.88
21 SUB 11529958 5883354 51.03
TOTAL
PMAY
P a g e | 53
Note- In the following section state-wise analysis of completed to sanctioned

projects has been done.

COMPLETED HOUSES OUT OF SANCTIONED HOUSES
GRAPH-3.2
COMPLETED/SANCTIONED*100
COMPLETED/SANCTIONED*100
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
es
h r
ha gar
h a at a sh d ka la sh ra a b n u a sh and gal
Bi Go jar ryan de han ata era de sht dish nja stha Nad gan de en
rad s
Gu Ha l Pra hark arn K Pra a Pu aja il n a kh
P tti ar O la r Pr ara st b
a ha ha J K a h R Ta
m Te e
hr Ch hy Ma a
Utt w
d ac ad Utt
An m
PMAY Hi M
P a g e | 54
RANK ANALYSIS OF COMPLETED PROJECT OUT OF

SANCTIONED
TOP 5 STATES
TABLE-3.
SR.NO. STATES PERCENT RANK
1 Uttar Pradesh 89.25 1
2 Karnataka 84.74 2
3 Uttarakhand 69.7 3
4 Haryana 69.3 4
PMAY 5 Gujarat 67.75 5
P a g e | 55
The above table number 3.7 and graph number 3.2 shows that the condition
of completed project out of sanctioned projects is less than the grounded
projects, The top 5 states who performed very well are uttar Pradesh where
the completed projects are about 89.25 while the second state which is in top
is Karnataka with 87.54 percent value. This shows that completed projects in
these states are very high comparing to those states who are at bottom which
are telangana with 30.21 percent and goa with 30.26 while telangana have
topped in grounded projects out of sanctioned projects which shows that the
level of development in this scheme is till grounded only but rest apart work
is not done properly for the reason which came after analysis of data that due
the some factors which are responsible for low development in all the state,
the very first reason is that due to political imbalance between Centre and
states is responsible for low implementation of this scheme while the data
shows that the completed projects are less in some of the states like in
telangana. The another reason for the low completion of project is
availability of fund is not in a continue process there is always a lack of
devolution of funds among states from Centre as the scheme is centrally
sponsored scheme the funds are not appropriated timely which creates
difficulty in completion of projects. The other reasons are due to nepotism
and favoritism and corruption practices the schemes are not implemented
PMAY
P a g e | 56
appropriately. The lack of knowledge among beneficiaries is also the reason

for this low development as mostly out of 100% of population there are only
10% population is able to get benefits from this scheme.
GRAPHICAL COMAPRISON OF GROUNDED AND COMPLETED

PROJECTS OUT OF SANCTIONED PROJECTS
GRAPH-3.3
PMAY
P a g e | 57
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
h ar t sh l
es rh
Go
a ra na nd ka la sh tra isha jab than adu ana esh and nga
a d B i h sg a ja rya ade kha ata Kera ade ash d n s N g d h e
Pr tti Gu Ha l Pr har rn Pr har O Pu aja il an ra ak
m Tel ar P ttar est
b
a ha a J Ka a R a
hr Ch h hy a T
d ac ad M Utt U w
An i m M
H
GROUNDED/SANCTIONED(%) COMPLETED/SANCTIONED*100
RESULTS OF COMPARISON OF GROUNDED AND COMPLETED

The complete comparison of grounded and completed projects out of
sanctioned projects states is shown in above graph where the comparison is
shown and it was found out during the research that there were significant
difference between states in grounded projects and completed projects out of
sanctioned projects the data shows that sanctioned projects were distributed
asymmetrically but the development is not symmetrical the progress of these
projects is totally different by looking in the graph it’s very easy to analysis
PMAY
P a g e | 58
that states who performed well in grounded projects did not perform well in
completion of projects as for example telangana who is top ranker in
grounded projects is not in top in case of completed projects while the small
state like goa who have done very well in both scenario Goa’s performance
is quite impressive in case of grounded project and completed project out of
sanctioned projects. This implies that there were significant factors who
were responsible for it. The very first factor states that the number of
projects in each state varies as in goa only 4 projects are approved seen
above while in tamil nadu the number of projects are much higher than goa
which implies that projects proposed is the factor responsible for it. the other
factor apart from project is implementation of project the implementation in
some states is very well but not good in other states as such example stand
as Telangana where the projects which are grounded are high but the
completion of projects is low it is due to the factor of lack of proper
implementation of project. The another factor suggest that the due to lack of
knowledge regarding this scheme while the population only 10% people
know about this scheme which is disheartening as the scheme is basically for
all those who are belonging to low income group and depressed classes,
while due to high corruption and lack of coordination among states is also
the responsible factor for low growth of scheme specially in urban area. The
finding was that people who belong to slum areas do not want to relocate
they are stubborn about the area where they are living for many years.
The most important finding is that states are not synchronized in a proper
manner in which they should be and the scheme success rate is not up to the
mark where it should be according to the vision of government.
CALCULTAION OF COEFFICIENT OF VARITAION
PMAY
P a g e | 59
TABLE-3.8
PHYSICAL PROGRESS PER PROJECT
SR.NO STATES PROJECT SANCTIONE GROUNDE COMPLETE

. S D PER D PER D PER
PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
1 Andhra 1290 1609.13 1478.44 486.86

Pradesh
2 Bihar 520 630.03 593.19 190.35
3 Chhattisgar 1796 166.29 141.15 86.33
h
4 Goa 4 802.50 716.75 716.25
5 Gujarat 1707 620.33 566.14 420.26
6 Haryana 457 365.89 194.04 120.79
7 Himachal 364 36.45 33.43 23.33
Pradesh
8 Jharkhand 453 517.76 471.20 256.71
9 Karnataka 2760 256.24 214.62 101.27
10 Kerala 699 228.40 188.18 150.18
11 Madhya 1910 506.93 456.58 288.67
Pradesh
12 Maharashtr 1536 977.38 655.60 426.61
a
13 Odisha 976 219.01 168.76 117.55
14 Punjab 871 132.94 115.59 66.88
15 Rajasthan 673 413.72 253.63 204.66
PMAY
P a g e | 60
16 Tamil Nadu 4798 143.68 129.42 100.14

17 Telangana 303 825.74 777.91 699.76
18 Uttar 4611 369.98 325.95 256.39
Pradesh
19 Uttarakhan 261 240.87 152.06 96.79
d
20 west 656 1064.03 761.16 456.21
bengal
21 SUB TOTAL 26645 432.73 363.69 220.81
22 MEAN 1332.2
5
23 STANDARD 1343.07 391.64 346.89
DEVIATION
24 Coefficient 100.81 29.40 26.04
of variation
RESULT ANAYLYSIS OF COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
PMAY
P a g e | 61
The research have been conducted on the physical progress of states in terms of
sanctioned project, grounded project and completed project by using the
formula of CV, Results shows that the highest variations were seen in
sanctioned per projects with the value ascertained of 100.81 which reflects that
number of sanctioned projects were very high but at the same time the another
CV found that the grounded projects and completed projects have little variation
from each other. The main findings suggest that the degree of completed
projects and grounded projects were behind the sanctioned projects but there
was very small variation between grounded and completed projects which
signifies that the out of grounded projects in some states are near to completion
or already completed and delivered . the variation in physical progress shows
that overall progress in fewer states is very good but in other states there is very
low development. .
The reasons are same that is lack of awareness among people and lack of
knowledge towards the scheme, full level of corruption , and lot’s of scam in
this scheme which is due to ownership of land is in athe hand of government
where by the central is framing laws and regulation in this scheme as no such
advices have been taken from each states. It signifies that the problem is with
the implementation scheme which is not proper which means that the states are
not interested in this projects.
The scheme is poorly implemented in overall India which means that the
standard of living of people have not increased due to this and the problem of
sanity is also me- tined while the growth rate is also not high.
PMAY
P a g e | 62
Conclusion- The scheme suggested that the policy is not proper and the overall
the development in some states is very good but in some states the development
of scheme is very low and the scheme have not developed properly while this is
the condition of Urban areas and condition of rural areas is far worse.
PMAY
P a g e | 63
CHAPTER-4
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRDHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA-

URBAN AT STATE LEVEL IN TERMS OF FINANCIAL PROGRESS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter talks about the financial progress of “Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana” scheme which states the financial condition of the scheme whereby
central government role in financial devolution. The scheme talk about the
providing sustainable houses to each family and each person mainly focused on
those who belong to depressed classes and economically weaker section of the
society the funds are provided according to the size of the state as the projects
are developed according to the geographical condition of each state for example
if we talk about the project size comparison between Madhya Pradesh and Goa
where total proposed projects are 4 only in Goa while there are about 1910
projects in Madhya Pradesh which means that the financially also Madhya
Pradesh have received more funds than the Goa as the number of projects are
more in Madhya Pradesh.
While the Chapter contains the assessment of financial condition of PMAY

scheme where it talks about devolution of funds in each state. There are total 20
states taken in analyzing the financial progress whereby leaving the north east
states and union territories.
PMAY
P a g e | 64
PMAY(URBAN) STATE LEVEL FINANCIAL PROGRESS
TABLE-4.1
FINANCIAL PROGRESS (in crores)
SR.N INVESTME SANCTION RELEASE

O. STATES NT ED D
Andhra
1 Pradesh 89056.67 31641.87 16591.21
2 Bihar 18518.31 5187.2 2544.76
Chhattisga
3 rh 13688.31 4734.13 3362.7
4 Goa 692.27 76.04 67.72
5 Gujarat 109965.7 21765.75 15708.87
6 Haryana 15750.39 2987.05 1349.18
Himachal
7 Pradesh 900.9 240.92 172.41
8 Jharkhand 11635.97 3691.04 2520.23
9 Karnataka 51909.16 11630.46 5871.83
10 Kerala 8575.51 2644.89 1832.43
11 Madhya 53865.08 15950.72 12356.23
PMAY
P a g e | 65
Pradesh
Maharasht
12 ra 185176.8 27742.1 13916.7
13 Odisha 9842.19 3365.25 2070.89
14 Punjab 8419.5 2081.42 1418.09
15 Rajasthan 23386.52 5309.39 3313.22
Tamil
16 Nadu 48944.12 11258.59 8637.57
17 Telangana 30679.9 4481.04 3044.09
Uttar
18 Pradesh 84282.99 26903.94 20795.23
Uttarakhan
19 d 5030.99 1161.68 683.96
west
20 bengal 38238.23 11197.31 6411.22
SUB 1,22,668.5
21 TOTAL 8,08,631.52 1,94,050.78 4
PMAY
P a g e | 66
RATIO ANALYSIS OF STATES IN PMAY(URBAN)
SANCTIONED OUT OF TOTAL INVESTMENT
Table 4.2
SANCTIONED OUT OF TOTAL INVESTMENT
Sr.N INVESTEM SANCTION SANCTIONED/

O. STATES ENT ED INVESTEMENT*100
Andhra
1 Pradesh 89056.67 31641.87 35.53
2 Bihar 18518.31 5187.2 28.01
Chhattisg
3 arh 13688.31 4734.13 34.59
4 Goa 692.27 76.04 10.98
5 Gujarat 109965.7 21765.75 19.79
6 Haryana 15750.39 2987.05 18.96
Himachal
7 Pradesh 900.9 240.92 26.74
8 Jharkhan 11635.97 3691.04 31.72

PMAY
P a g e | 67
Karnatak
9 a 51909.16 11630.46 22.41
10 Kerala 8575.51 2644.89 30.84
Madhya
11 Pradesh 53865.08 15950.72 29.61
Maharash
12 tra 185176.81 27742.1 14.98
13 Odisha 9842.19 3365.25 34.19
14 Punjab 8419.5 2081.42 24.72
15 Rajasthan 23386.52 5309.39 22.70
Tamil
16 Nadu 48944.12 11258.59 23.00
17 Telangana 30679.9 4481.04 14.61
Uttar
18 Pradesh 84282.99 26903.94 31.92
Uttarakha
19 nd 5030.99 1161.68 23.09
west
20 bengal 38238.23 11197.31 29.28
SUB
21 TOTAL 808631.52 194050.78 24.00
PMAY
P a g e | 68

SANCTIONED AMOUNT OUT OF TOTAL INVESTMENT
Graph -4.1
PMAY
P a g e | 69
SANCTIONED/INVESTEMENT*100
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
es
h ar rh a at a sh and aka rala esh tra sha jab han adu ana esh and gal
d ih s g a Go jar ryan de at Ke rad rash Odi s t il N en
ra B h
Gu Ha l Pra hark arn
n
Pu aja ng ad kh
P tti P ha la r Pr ara st b
a ha ha J K a R Ta
m Te e
hr Ch hy Ma a
Utt w
d ac ad Utt
An m
Hi M
SANCTIONED/INVESTEMENT*100
RANK ANALYSIS OF SANCTIONED AMOUNT OUT OF INVESTMENT
TOP 5 STATES TABLE 4.3
SR.NO PERCEN RAN

. STATES T K
1 Andhra Pradesh 35.53 1
2 Chhattisgarh 34.59 2
3 Odisha 34.19 3
5 Jharkhand 31.72 5
PMAY
P a g e | 70
BOTTOM 5 STATES TABLE 4.4
SR.NO STATES PERCEN RAN

. T K
1 Goa 10.98 1
2 Telangana 14.61 2
4 Haryana 18.96 4
5 Gujarat 19.79 5
RESULTS OF RATIO AND RANK ANALYSIS
The results of financial progress in terms of sanctioned amount of investment

are stated where the top state in sanctioned amount is Andhra Pradesh where
35.33% amount is sanctioned out of total investment and while in bottom 5
states the state which got least sanctioned amount is goa with just 10.98% which
means that centre’s scheme for devolution of fund is not unilateral but it is
separated and given according to the need of states but the results shows that
even Andhra Pradesh states sanctioned amount is very less than the total
investment allotted for state which raises a question on central government
about budget process for this scheme. This analysis helped in ascertaining the
condition of financial condition of states and lead to total amount sanctioned out
investment amount.
PMAY
P a g e | 71
The story is totally different here one can find that the data where the total
investment is very much high but at the time of division it is not distributed as
decide which creates hindrance for completion of projects in states. The main
problem in physical completion is the devolution of funds are not proper and it
is due to the factors like lack of coordination between Centre and states.
RATIO ANALYSIS OF STATES IN PMAY (URBAN)
TABLE 4.5
RELEASED OUT OF TOTAL INVESTMENT
Sr.NO STATES INVESTEMEN RELEASE RELEASED/

. T D INVESTMENT*100
1 Andhra Pradesh 89056.67 16591.21 18.63
2 Bihar 18518.31 2544.76 13.74
3 Chhattisgarh 13688.31 3362.7 24.57
4 Goa 692.27 67.72 9.78
5 Gujarat 109965.7 15708.87 14.29
6 Haryana 15750.39 1349.18 8.57
7 Himachal 900.9 172.41 19.14

Pradesh
8 Jharkhand 11635.97 2520.23 21.66
9 Karnataka 51909.16 5871.83 11.31
10 Kerala 8575.51 1832.43 21.37
11 Madhya 53865.08 12356.23 22.94

PMAY
P a g e | 72
Pradesh
12 Maharashtra 185176.81 13916.7 7.52
13 Odisha 9842.19 2070.89 21.04
14 Punjab 8419.5 1418.09 16.84
15 Rajasthan 23386.52 3313.22 14.17
16 Tamil Nadu 48944.12 8637.57 17.65
17 Telangana 30679.9 3044.09 9.92
18 Uttar Pradesh 84282.99 20795.23 24.67
19 Uttarakhand 5030.99 683.96 13.59
20 west Bengal 38238.23 6411.22 16.77
21 SUB TOTAL 808631.52 122668.54 15.17
RELEASED OUT OF TOTAL INVESTMENT

RELEASED AMOUNT OUT OF TOTAL INVESTMENT
GRAPH 4.2
PMAY
P a g e | 73
RELEASED/INVESTMENT*100
30
25
20
15
RELEASED/INVESTMENT*100
10
0
sh rh t sh ka sh ha han ana and
ra
de sga uja de ata ade dis t g h
Pr a
atti G P r a
ar n P r O ajas elan rak
r a h al K a R T a
dh Ch ac
h hy Utt
An im ad
H M
RANK ANALYSIS OF RELEASED AMOUNT OUT OF INVESTMENT
TOP 5 STATES TABLE 4.6
SR.NO PERCEN RAN

. STATES T K
2 Chhattisgarh 24.57 2
3 Madhya Pradesh 22.94 3
4 Jharkhand 21.66 4
PMAY
P a g e | 74
5 Kerala 21.37 5
BOTTOM 5 STATES TABLE 4.7
SR.NO PERCEN RAN

. STATES T K
2 Haryana 8.57 2
3 Goa 9.78 3
4 Telangana 9.92 4
5 Karnataka 11.31 5
RESULTS OF RATIO AND RANK ANALYSIS
The results of released amount out of investment amount shows that the
variation in released amount comparing to investment amount is very high as it
clearly states that the funds which are released are very less in percent even
though some states have received funds who stands at top are uttar Pradesh
where the received amount is about 24.67% which is even though a small
number but as compared to other states uttar Pradesh have received maximum
amount of funds out of total investment allotted for the state but that amount is
PMAY
P a g e | 75
also not sufficient if scheme is targeted towards providing efficient houses to

lower group of the society as the population is so high yet the funds are not
released on time, The main factor standing at this analysis that the coordination
between center and states is not accurate or poorly administrated which is
leading the scheme to fall behind.
Conclusions
The results shows that there are few states who have received a very small
amount out of investment such as goa who received only 10.98% out of total
investment which is actually very less, as the need of the hour is to develop
India more but yet the budgets which are set not met accordingly.
PMAY
P a g e | 76
GRAPHICAL COMAPRISON OF SANCTIONED AND RELEASED

GRAPH 4.3
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
es
h r
ha gar
h a at a sh and aka rala esh tra sha jab han adu ana esh and gal
Bi Go jar ryan de at h i t en
rad s h
Gu Ha l Pra hark arn Ke Prad ras n
Od Pu ajas il
N ng ad kh
P atti ha m e la r Pr ara st b
ra hh ha J K a
hy Ma
R Ta T a e
dh C ac Utt Utt w
An m ad
Hi M
SANCTIONED/INVESTEMENT*100 RELEASED/INVESTMENT*100
RESULTS OF COMPARISON OF SANCTIONED AND RELEASED

AMOUNT OUT OF INVESTMENT
The comparative analysis shows that the total investment which is in crore is
allotted for every state and the sanctioned amount is the amount is provided for
investment and released amount is the amount which is actually spend on
development and after analysis it was found that the financial progress of the
scheme is unbalanced as in if studied separately the amount of investment is
PMAY
P a g e | 77
very huge for each state but the actual amount used in projects is very less
which shows that even after budget allotted the devolution of fund is not done
properly the kind of implementation regarding financial work is done is not
accurate and also there are states who have received maximum funds from
Centre like uttar Pradesh who is a at top in releasing fund and other state like
goa who have not released the sufficient amount for developments. Analysis
suggest that there is huge gap between sanctioned amount and released amount.
TABLE 4.8
CALCULATED COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
STATES PROJECT INVESTMEN SANCTIONE RELEASE

S T PER D PER D PER
PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
Andhra 1290 69.04 24.53 12.86

Pradesh
Bihar 520 35.61 9.98 4.89
Chhattisgarh 1796 7.62 2.64 1.87
Goa 4 173.07 19.01 16.93
Gujarat 1707 64.42 12.75 9.20
Haryana 457 34.46 6.54 2.95
Himachal 364 2.48 0.66 0.47
Pradesh
Jharkhand 453 25.69 8.15 5.56
Karnataka 2760 18.81 4.21 2.13
PMAY
P a g e | 78
Kerala 699 12.27 3.78 2.62

Madhya 1910 28.20 8.35 6.47
Pradesh
Maharashtra 1536 120.56 18.06 9.06
Odisha 976 10.08 3.45 2.12
Punjab 871 9.67 2.39 1.63
Rajasthan 673 34.75 7.89 4.92
Tamil Nadu 4798 10.20 2.35 1.80
Telangana 303 101.25 14.79 10.05
Uttar 4611 18.28 5.83 4.51
Pradesh
Uttarakhand 261 19.28 4.45 2.62
west Bengal 656 58.29 17.07 9.77
SUB 26645 30.35 7.28 4.60
TOTAL
Mean 1332.25
STANDAR 44.29 6.71 4.39
D
DEVIATIO
N
Coefficient 3.32 0.50 0.33
of Variation
SUMMARY:-
The coefficient of variation shows that the investment per project are high then
the sanctioned project and released project which implies that the amount for
investment amount prepared by Centre for this particular scheme is much higher
PMAY
P a g e | 79
but the actual sanctioned amount was not much higher and also the released
amount however the CV of both the sanctioned per project and released per
project is near to each other which explains that the sanctioned amount was
actually released and used for this scheme but the investment which was set was
not met accordingly. The value shows that CV of investment per project was
3.32 and sanctioned per project was 0.50(Approx.) and released per project was
about 0.33(approx.)
CONCULSION
The overall the financial progress of PMAY scheme is that the developments
are not in sync rather the amount of investment, amount of sanctioned and
amount of released are not in coordination which leads to the problem with the
devolution of funds and problems with the unbalanced funding of states and
also the problem of corruption is present, the problem with the favoritism, the
problem with administrative unit of government who is executing the scheme.
The overall development of projects is very good in some states but other states
are lacking behind it might be due to lack of coordination between state
government and central government and lack of balance and no feeling of
competition among states leading to scheme to be not able to work properly.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
PMAY
P a g e | 80
1. The overall development of projects is very good in some states but other
states are lacking behind it might be due to lack of coordination between
state government and central government and lack of balance and no
feeling of competition among states leading to scheme to be not able to
work properly.
2. The Analysis which is based on the central government scheme which
“Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana”, the main motive of this scheme is to
provide sustainable houses to all specially the depressed classes of
society and who are economically weak.
3. The main point of government is to provide houses which will be
subsidized by government for which separate working offices are
prepared and to build houses of 1bhk, 2bhk and 3bhk.
4. The Analysis is a comparative analysis of PMAY at national level and
state level while the main work was comparison of physical progress and
financial progress of the scheme in all over nation as well as states.
5. The key findings were calculated by putting the method of coefficient of
variation where by calculation of progress separately and analyzing
through putting above method.
6. The finding were that overall the highest CV was of physical progress
comparing to financial progress. Which means that overall physical
progress was very high and the number of sanctioned per projects were
higher in all the categories including financial progress.
7. The last finding was that the projects were distributed according to
geographical area of each state and devolution of fund is also based on
the size of the project.
PMAY
P a g e | 81
8. The overall implementation of the scheme is not accurate rather there is

asymmetrical division of scheme in all over states.
9. The overall rank analysis and ration analysis of scheme suggest that there
are states who are performing well in grounded projects in are not
performing well in completion of projects.
10.The another conclusion drawn from the analysis that those states who are
performing well in physical progress but not able to perform in financial
progress which is due to lack of coordination between Centre and states.
11.The comparison of grounded and completed projects shows that there is
gap which is present between them as number of grounded projects are
high but number of completed projects is low.\
12.The next comparison of sanctioned amount and released amount where
the sanctioned amount is very high as compared to released amount
which shows that the devolution of funds are not proper.
13.The overall analyses suggest that there are some weakness in this scheme
which are lack of knowledge about the scheme people do not know this
scheme.
14.The other weakness is lack of coordination between Centre and states and
many a times states are not interested in implementing the scheme due to
different government at Centre and states.
15.The high level of corruption in a scheme is the problem.
16.There is no healthy competition among states in completing the projects.
SUGGESTIONS
PMAY
P a g e | 82
1. The scheme is over all a very good scheme but there are regions where
the scheme lacks which are required to be ended completed.
2. The center should set-up a watching staff for the regular updates on the
completion of project in each state.
3. The devolution of fund should be done timely as due to funds are not
released timely the projects are left uncompleted.
4. The total number of projects should be decided accordingly the need
should be seen according to the state.
5. The administration should check the progress regularly and the funds
which are released used fully or not and if not where was the problem.
6. Centre should provide ranking to each state and create a healthy
competition so that each state will work efficiently and targets will be
completing the projects.
7. One thing which the scheme is lacking that no count of corruption which
must be seen and surveillance team should be set up to check the
beneficiaries are real or not.
8. The last suggestion is that there should be strong analysis team formed in
center and check every state accordingly.
PMAY
P a g e | 83
References
Gopalan Kalpana and Madalasa Venkataraman (2015); Affordable housing:

Policy and practice in India; IIMB Management Review 27, 129-140;
www.sciencedirect.com
Gill H S and Sharma P K (2014) Smart Cities and Affordable Housing in
India, The International Journal Of Business & Management
https://pmaymis.gov.in/
https://pmay-urban.gov.in/
https://pmay-urban.gov.in/uploads/progress-pdfs/637b7cd0dd22e-
PMAY-U_Achievement_as_on_21st_Nov_2022_for-WEB.pdf
Natham, V. (1995); Residents' satisfaction with the sites and services approach in
affordable housing; Housing and Society; 22(3), 53 - 78. Mahadevi D, Bhatia N
and Bhonsale B (2014) Slum Rehabilitation Schemes (SRS) across
Ahmedabad: Role of an External Agency, CUE Working Paper 27, November
2014
Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation (2015); Mission
Overview, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, Govt. of
India.http://jnnurm.nic.in/
Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA) (2016);
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana; Housing for All (Urban)- Scheme Guidelines;
Government of India
Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA) (2017);
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) – Housing for All; Credit Linked
Subsidy Scheme for EWS/LIG; Operational Guidelines; Government of
India
Ramakrishnan H (2015); Affordable Housing – Reality Challenge A Case
Study In Bangalore City, International Research Journal of Marketing and
Economics Vol. 2, Issue 11, Nov 2015
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P a g e | 84
Sheth, Surili, (2013); Understanding Slum Dwellers: Slum and Affordable

Housing Policies in India; Affordable Housing Institute,
ttps://ahiglobal.wordpress.com/2013/03/13/understanding-slum-dwellers-
part-1- slumdweller/ (Accessed 11.01.2018).
Sarkar A, Agrawal V and Morris S (2016) Examination of Affordable
Housing Policies in India, Business and Management Horizons
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Housing Industry in U.P.- A Case Study of SBI and ICICI Bank; PhD thesis;
University of Lucknow
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PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA

BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL

Dr. Roopali shevalkar mam

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA

and total area available in urban areas for development. In order to do

affordable housing, mainly through public sector housing programs, slum

Gill H S and Sharma P K (2014)

Mahadevi D, Bhatia N and Bhonsale B (2014)

Have made an attempt to examine ‘The Regulations for Rehabilitation and

Gopalan and Venkatraman 2015

Yadav Ajay Singh 2015

Has taken case of Bangalore city to study reality and challenges of

affordable housing. Government encouraged the private developers by

Ajay Singh 2015

Reflected the status of JnNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal

Sarkar A, Agrawal V and Morris S 2016

(Pandit) Shelly 2017

Revealed the role of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban), 2015 as an

METHOD AND TECHNIQUES

Variance and Standard deviation are the two important topics in Statistics. It is

mean. The co-efficient of variation represents the ratio of the standard

CV= μ σwhere: σ=standard deviation

To calculate the CV for a sample, the formula is:

The co-efficient of variation formula can be performed in Excel by first using

The 20th century witnessed a rapid growth in urban population. Rapid

URBANISATION AND HOUSING PROBLEMS IN INDIA

This growing concentration of people in urban areas has led to problems of

represent illegal occupation of marginal areas of the city by migrants and

Affordable housing is quickly taking a center stage internationally, within

economically weaker and lower Alleviation, 2012, the Government of India

3. Number of extra households needed due to obsolescence

Effect of Rapid Urbanization (Source: Researcher)

INDIAN GOVERNMENT’AFFORDABLEHOUSING SCHEMES

1 Integrated Subsidized Housing Scheme 1952

8 Land Acquisition and Development 1959

(Source: Various reports of Government of India, Ministry of Housing,

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission :

sectors, in catalyzing multi-year investments and reformed development in

Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (2009-10):

Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) is a rural development

Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY):

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Housing for All (Urban):

A flagship Mission of Government of India being implemented by Ministry

The visionary Pradhan Mantri housing Yojana scheme focus on four

Building and/ or enhancing the houses led by legatees

Promotion of ‘Affordable Housing’ for weaker section through credit linked

Affordable housing in association with private and government funding

name of female member or in joint name. Preference is also given to

1. 'In-situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR):

Flexibility is given to States/Cities to deploy this Central Assistance for

2. Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS):

Beneficiaries of Economically Weaker Section (EWS)/Low Income Group

Nodal Agencies (CNAs) to channelize this subsidy to the beneficiaries

3. Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP ):

4. Beneficiary-led Individual House Construction/ Enhancement

if any, is released to the bank accounts of beneficiaries through Direct

Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) for Migrant Workers/ Urban

MoHUA has provisioned for an additional grant in the form of Technology