Counterfort Retaining Wall Design
Counterfort Retaining Wall Design
Counterfort Retaining Wall Design
Assumptions:
Friction angle of soil 30
Friction coefficient between soil and concrete 0.5
Dry density of soil 18 kN/m3
Water table is not considered for this calculation(If the water pressure is considered, we have to consider the
of the soil and also need to consider the saturated unit weight of the soil depending on the capillary action of
No surcharge load is considered to simplify the calculation
where,
x = (∑M-Mo)/∑W 3.152125 m e shall be ≤ b/6 to ignore tension stress
e = b/2 -x 0.097875 m OK
b/6 = 1.083333 m
Stress = f= = (∑𝑊)/(𝑡.𝑏)±
𝑃/𝐴±𝑀/𝐼 (𝑒.∑𝑊)/(1.ℎ^3/
𝑦 12) 𝑏/2
Calculations of Earth Pressures PL, Pha ,Php & Overturning Moment (Mo)
Moments M @ O
kN.m/m²
406.0476
PhL*H(PhL) + Phₐ
0 Mₒ= 999.3104 kN.m/m²
*H(Phₐ ) + Php*H(Php)
3786.0288
OK
PhL+Pha-Php
kN/m²
kN/m²
OK
Co Active Soil
un Ka=
W1 te ꝩs =
rfo
rt W3
Stem
W4 PhL
W5
H(PhL) H
W2 Pha
d ∑W
e b/2
x
fb fc
fe fd
Counterfort tc
Longitudinal Direction
Toe Heel Lc
Stem
Counterfort tc
Plan View of Counterfort Retaining Wall
No. AS PER EM 1110-2-2100
The design for structures on rock foundations will involve sliding stability analyses as well as bearing ca
1
analyses.
Basic rock foundation data that should be obtained for use during the design stage include material pr
2 thickness, and discontinuities such as faults, fissures and fractures. Such information should be incorpo
capacity, settlement, and sliding stability analyses.
Shear strength parameters required for bearing capacity and sliding stability analyses may be estimate
3 results of in situ tests and/or by direct shear and triaxial tests performed in the laboratory
When a loading condition is defined in terms of a return period (for example, the Operational Basis Ea
earthquake with a return period of 144 years), the structural engineer can determine if the load conditi
5 extreme by referring directly to Table 3-1
When a load condition is stated in non-probabilistic terms, (for example, pool elevation at the top of closed spil
top of a flood wall), the return period must be determined to see if that particular load condition is usual, unusu
In some cases, the load condition category is specifically designated based on established practice, irrespective
example, construction is listed as an unusual loading).
6 The engineer only needs to verify stability for those conditions listed in Appendix B. For example, for the unusu
necessary to verify stability for a 300 year flood or earthquake if these are not specifically listed in Appendix B.
loadings for civil works projects are provided in Chapter 4, including: normal operating, infrequent flood, maxim
maximum flood, operational basis earthquake, maximum design earthquake, and maximum credible earthquak
example, construction is listed as an unusual loading).
6 The engineer only needs to verify stability for those conditions listed in Appendix B. For example, for the unusu
necessary to verify stability for a 300 year flood or earthquake if these are not specifically listed in Appendix B.
loadings for civil works projects are provided in Chapter 4, including: normal operating, infrequent flood, maxim
maximum flood, operational basis earthquake, maximum design earthquake, and maximum credible earthquak
d. Sliding stability. Sliding stability factors of safety shall be equal to, or greater than, the values specified in Tab
stability factor of safety shall be determined using Equation 3-1.
7 e. Flotation stability. Flotation factors of safety shall be equal to, or greater than, the values specified in Table 3
factor of safety shall be determined using Equation 3-2.
iven in Chapter 3.
terative process. However, a single-step analysis
test.
uld be extended if unique Pg- 2-6 18
ding stability of a specific structure.
ensured.
es is assumed to be negligible. Therefore, the
ly above it.
e normal force acting on the failure surface
9.1
9.2
9.3
Cantiliver Retaining walls are economical upto 3m to 6m of height.
Cantilever retaining wall are usually of reinforced concrete and work on the principles of leverage. It has
much thinner stem and utilize the weight of the backfill soil to provide most of the resistance to sliding and
overturning. Cantilever retaining wall is the most common type of earth-retaining structure.
Design Consideration
In order to calculate the pressure exerted at any point on the wall, the following must be considered:
The effect of two forms of earth pressure need to be considered during the process of designing the retaining
wall. They are:
1- A base with a large heel so that the mass of earth above can be added to the wall for design purposes. Fig 1
2 ) If form 1 is not practicable, a cantilever wall with a large toe must be used. Fig 2
The drawing show typical section and pattern of reinforcement encountered with these basic forms of
cantilever retaining walls.
The main steel occurs on the tension face of the wall and nominal steel (0.15% of the cross-sectional area of
the wall) is very often included in the opposite face to control the shrinkage which occurs in in-situ concrete
work.
Reinforcement requirements, bending, fabricating and placing are dealt with in the section on reinforced
concrete.
Design of Counterfort Retaining Wall
Retaining wall with Counterfort Check of Stability Calclation of Inernal Forces
Design According ACI 318-08
Project Code:
Project Title:
Element: Retaining wall with Counterfort
Rev:
General Input:
fc' = 32 N/mm² Kp= 3
fy= 420 N/mm² Ka= 0.3333333
Unit Wight of Concrete= ꝩc = 24 kN/m³ ꝩs = 18
Coefficient of Friction= µ = 0.58 tw= 0.2
q(allow) = 150 kN/m² tb= 0.2
Cover = 50 mm tc= 0
Lc= 0
Ignore Passive Soil YES b= 2.4
Ignore wet soil Ws YES L(toe)= 0
d= 0.74
Assumptions:
Friction angle of soil 30
Friction coefficient between soil and concrete 0.5
Dry density of soil 18 kN/m3
Water table is not considered for this calculation(If the water pressure is considered, we have to consider the
of the soil and also need to consider the saturated unit weight of the soil depending on the capillary action of
No surcharge load is considered to simplify the calculation
where,
x = (∑M-Mo)/∑W 1.051938 m e shall be ≤ b/6 to ignore tension stress
e = b/2 -x 0.148062 m OK
b/6 = 0.4 m
Stress = f= = (∑𝑊)/(𝑡.𝑏)±
𝑃/𝐴±𝑀/𝐼 (𝑒.∑𝑊)/(1.ℎ^3/
𝑦 12) 𝑏/2
Pressure(Principal Stress) fd at heel = = 29.79167 kN m²
(∑𝑊)/𝑏(1−6𝑒/𝑏)
Pressure (Principal Stress) fa at toe = = 64.80833 kN m²
(∑𝑊)/𝑏(1+6𝑒/𝑏)
Calculations of Earth Pressures PL, Pha ,Php & Overturning Moment (Mo)
Moments M @ O
kN.m/m
12.32
PhL*H(PhL) + Phₐ
0 Mₒ= 10.648 kN.m/m
*H(Phₐ ) + Php*H(Php)
130.064
OK
PhL+Pha-Php
kN/m²
kN/m²
OK
Satisfied
Satisfied
Satisfied
Satisfied
Co Active Soil
un Ka=
W1 te ꝩs =
rfo
rt W3
Stem
W4 PhL
W5
H(PhL) H
W2 Pha
d ∑W
e b/2
x
fb fc
fe fd
Counterfort tc
Longitudinal Direction
Toe Heel Lc
Stem
Counterfort tc
Plan View of Counterfort Retaining Wall
Value of angle
Degree sin cos tan
10 0.174 0.985 0.176
15 0.259 0.966 0.268
16 0.276 0.961 0.287
17 0.292 0.956 0.306
18 0.309 0.951 0.325
19 0.326 0.946 0.344
20 0.342 0.940 0.364
21 0.358 0.934 0.384
22 0.375 0.927 0.404
23 0.391 0.921 0.424
24 0.407 0.924 0.445
25 0.422 0.906 0.466
30 0.500 0.866 0.577
35 0.573 0.819 0.700
40 0.643 0.766 0.839
45 0.707 0.707 1.000
50 0.766 0.643 1.192
55 0.819 0.574 1.428
60 0.866 0.500 1.732
65 0.906 0.423 2.145