Volume - Weight Fractions - Density - Void Fraction
Volume - Weight Fractions - Density - Void Fraction
Volume - Weight Fractions - Density - Void Fraction
Dr. Md Kharshiduzzaman
Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, AUST
V f +V m = 1
vf + vm = vc
wf wm
Wf= , and Wm=
wc wc
W f +W m = 1
w f + wm = wc
wc = ρ c vc ,
w f = ρ f vf ,
wm = ρm vm , and
wc = w f + wm
ρf
Wf= V f , and
ρc
ρm
Wm= Vm
ρc
ρf
ρm
Wf= Vf
ρf
V f +V m
ρm
1
Wm= Vm
ρf
(1 - V m) + V m
ρm
ρ c vc = ρ f vf + ρ m v m
vf vm
ρc = ρ f + ρm
vc vc
ρ c = ρ f V f + ρ mV m
1 Wf Wm
= +
ρc ρf ρm
Example 3.1
a) density of lamina
ρ c = (2500)(0.7) + (1200)(0.3)
= 2110 kg/ m3
ρ f = 2500 kg/ m3 .
Example 3.1
b)
2500 1200
Wf = × 0.3 Wm = × 0.3
2110 , and 2110
= 0.8294 = 0.1706
W f + W m = 0.8294 + 0.1706
= 1.000
Example 3.1
c) wc
νc =
ρc
4
=
2110
= 1.896 × 10−3 m 3
Example 3.1
d)
ν f = V f ν c
= (0.7)(1.896 × 10−3 )
= 1.327 × 10−3 m 3
Example 3.1
d)
ν m = Vmν c
= (0.3)(0.1896 × 10-3 )
= 0.5688 × 10-3 m 3
Example 3.1
d)
w f = ρ f ν f
−3
= (2500)(1.327 ×10 )
= 3.318 kg
Example 3.1
d)
wm = ρ m ν m
= (1200)(0.5688 × 10 −3 )
= 0.6826 kg
FIGURE 3.2 Photomicrographs of cross-section of a lamina with voids.
νv
V v=
νc
νc = ν f + ν m + ν v
wc wc
νc = , and νf + ν m =
ρ ce ρ ct
wc wc
= + νν , then
ρ ce ρ ct
wc ⎛⎜ ρ ct - ρ ce ⎞⎟
νν = ⎜ ⎟
ρ ce ⎝ ρ ct ⎠
νν
Vν =
νc
ρ ct - ρ ce
=
ρ ct
Example 3.2
νν 1 ⎡M f M c - M f ⎤
Vν = =1- ⎢ + ⎥
abc abc ⎢⎣ ρ f ρ m ⎥⎦
Alternative Solution
ρ ct = ρ f V 'f + ρ m (1 - V fʹ )
volume of fibers
V f ʹ=
volume of fibers + volume of matrix
Mf
ρf
V =
ʹ
f
Mf Mc-M f
+
ρf ρm
Alternative Solution
volume of fibers
V f ʹ=
volume of fibers + volume of matrix
Mf
ρf
V =
ʹ
f
Mf Mc-M f
+
ρf ρm
M c
ρ ce =
abc
Alternative Solution
1 ⎡M f M c - M f ⎤
Vv=1- ⎢ + ⎥
abc ⎢⎣ ρ f ρ m ⎥⎦
Alternative Solution
wc
ρc = ρw
wc - wi
Alternative Solution
wc
ρc = ρw
wc + ws - ww