Bhoomi Agrawal
Bhoomi Agrawal
Bhoomi Agrawal
Production of
vaccines
Vaccines are live
attenuated or
modified pathogens
given to an
individual to trigger immunity against antigen. By
recombinant DNA technology, antigen producing gene
and plasmid combined, rDna formed and used as
vaccine or insert into another host where immunogenic
antibodies produced will be used as vaccine.
Viral vaccines prepared through it probably includes
HIV, hepatitis B, Herpex, mouth and foot diseases.
In figure
Have examples of hepatitis B vaccine producing due to
expression of rDna in yeast cell that multiples and
produce HB antigen. Extract then purify them.
Available for human vaccination.
Commercial and pharmaceutical products Insulin
Insulin hormone) controls glucose level in humans.
Improper functioning of hormones leads to diabetics.
By rDna, done cloning of human insulin gene and put in
E.coli.
Culturing of these engineered or recombinant E.coli
perform and now have availability of insulin. This
microbial involving method is much better and is
devoid of getting by-products by animal slaughtering
Human growth hormone
HGH is homing polypeptide means have role in growth
regeneration or differentiation. Number of human
growth hormone commercially present using
recombinant dna technology. Eg dwarfism treating by
injecting these.
For this procedure, take human growth from human cell
then insert in recombinant. Insertion of rDna into host
by vector.
Interferon
Interferons are a group of protein that interfere with
viral multiplication or replication.
When any viral gets entry into cell, infected cell or
tissue releases interferon that spread to nearby cells and
stop viral protein synthesis. Due to interference ability
can use cure cancer e.g hairy cell leukemia. By rDna,
we become capable of making this protein. Alpha
component of which have role in curing lymphoma and
myelogenous leukemia.
Antibiotics
Artificially prepared antibiotics also available by
recombinant dna technology. They denature harmful
living pathogens. Example of which is pencillin in 1928
by alexander flemming.
1.Monoclonal antibodies
Production of antibody
occur in the presence of
specific or foreign
antigen particle. Our blood contains several antibody
serum derived from different antigenic molecule.
Further with isolating and culturing procedure, these
specific lymphocytes are cultured in-vitro, known as
monoclonal
Applications of moAb
• Used as diagnostic agent of diseased infection and
pregnancy test. In treatment of cancer and veterinary
cases.
• Develop effective vaccines for human, animal and
plant also.
2. Molecular diagnosis of diseases
Diagnostic kits are produced with the help of
recombinant DNA technology for the diagnosis of
genetic (huntington's chorea, etc) as well as infectious
diseases (measles, TB, cholera, hepatitis, cancer, small
pox, certain pathogens, etc).
As isolating and then identification of that particular
diseased pathogen was very time consuming and slow
process while diagnostic kits according to their specific
sequence identify these pathogenic organisms which is
very accurate, fast and specific method. These tools are
based on the principle of ELISA, PCR based techniques
and RIA Essays. For example in the diagnosis of HIV:
"first antibody test will proceed by using recombinant
HIV protein to measure antibodies in body that
proliferate when there is HIV infection. Then, the DNA
test uses reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction(RT-PCR) to detect presence of HIV genetic
material This is used for analyzing the genome
sequence." Constructing probes that are short sequence
nucleotides" with labelled marker are important strategy
in diagnosis of diseases while other is MAB production.
3. Medically Important Compounds in Berries
Modified strawberries increases the sugar level and
antioxidant activity by rolC gene. Glycosyl-transferase
and transferase have major role in glycosylation of
anthocyanins. Some nutrition related genes for different
components in strawberry including “ proanthocyanidin
l-ascorbate, flavonoid, polyphenol, and flavonoid" are
important for improving the component of interest
through genetic transformation. In case of raspberry,
bHLH and FRUITE4 genes control the anthocyanin
components" whereas "ERubLRSQ072H02 is related to
flavonol. By specific transformation, these genes can
enhance the production and improve the quality. All
these compounds have medical values
4. Gene therapy
Many diseases are the result of mutation or other factors
in the genome. These mutated" or "faulty" genes are
manipulated by foreign normal functioning gene, is the
phenomenon of gene therapy. For example in cancerous
patients, p53 gene is inserting into patients by following
this procedure.
5. DNA fingerprinting
Dr. Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting
technique. Every person have its unique finger patterns
that differs from other individual There is possibility to
alter these patterns but specific principle is unknown.
Finger prints are detected on the basis of number of
highly polymorphic genes.
Applications
•Used in criminal identification.
•For child parentage establishment.
•Helpful for deduction of racial group.
•https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijg/2016/2405954/
•http://www.biology/discussion.com/dna/recombinant-
dra-technology/top-5-applications-of recombinant-dna-
technology-in-medicine/11935
http://www.biotecharticles.com/Genetics-Article/Applic
ations-of-Recombinant-DNA Technology-in-Medicine-
350.html
•http://www.globalresearchonline.net/volume l
issuel/Article 009.pdf
•http://www.preservearticles.com/2011120818251/som
e-of-the-applications-of-recombinant-dna-technology-
are-as-follows.html
YOUNG PHOENIX PUBLIC
SCHOOL,
BHUBANESWAR
BIOLOGY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
Applications of Recombinant DNA
Technology in today’s medicine
BHOOMI AGRAWAL
CLASS: XII C
ROLL NO: 11
2022-23
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Bhoomi Agrawal of grade 12 has completed her biology
Investigatory project titled – Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology in
today’s medicine as specified by the Central Board of Secondary Education
under the All India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination 2022-23.
Bhoomi Agrawal
XII Science