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    Likert Scale

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    Neelam Shukla
    The Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires to measure respondents' attitudes or reactions to statements. It involves presenting respondents with a series of statements and asking them to indicate their level of agreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale. While individual items are called Likert items, the overall scale is the sum of responses to multiple items. Scales typically have 5 levels ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Responses can be analyzed individually or summed to measure an underlying latent variable, with higher totals indicating more agreement. Debate exists around whether Likert items should be treated as ordinal or interval data.

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    Likert Scale

    Uploaded by

    Neelam Shukla
    386 views8 pages
    The Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires to measure respondents' attitudes or reactions to statements. It involves presenting respondents with a series of statements and asking them to indicate their level of agreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale. While individual items are called Likert items, the overall scale is the sum of responses to multiple items. Scales typically have 5 levels ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Responses can be analyzed individually or summed to measure an underlying latent variable, with higher totals indicating more agreement. Debate exists around whether Likert items should be treated as ordinal or interval data.

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    The Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires to measure respondents' attitudes or reactions to statements. It involves presenting respondents with a series of statements and asking them to indicate their level of agreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale. While individual items are called Likert items, the overall scale is the sum of responses to multiple items. Scales typically have 5 levels ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Responses can be analyzed individually or summed to measure an underlying latent variable, with higher totals indicating more agreement. Debate exists around whether Likert items should be treated as ordinal or interval data.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    386 views8 pages

    Likert Scale

    Uploaded by

    Neelam Shukla
    The Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires to measure respondents' attitudes or reactions to statements. It involves presenting respondents with a series of statements and asking them to indicate their level of agreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale. While individual items are called Likert items, the overall scale is the sum of responses to multiple items. Scales typically have 5 levels ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Responses can be analyzed individually or summed to measure an underlying latent variable, with higher totals indicating more agreement. Debate exists around whether Likert items should be treated as ordinal or interval data.

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    LIKERT SCALE

    A Likert scale or more accurately a Likert-type scale, is psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research, such that the term is often used interchangeably with rating scale even though the two are not synonymous. When responding to a Likert questionnaire item, respondents specify their level of agreement or disagreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale for a series of statements. Thus the scale captures the intensity of their feelings. The scale is named after its inventor, psychologist Rensis Likert.

    Sample question presented using a five-point Likert item


    An important distinction must be made between a Likert scale and a Likert item. The Likert scale is the sum of responses on several Likert items. Because Likert items are often accompanied by a visual analog scale (e.g., a horizontal line, on which a subject indicates his or her response by circling or checking tick-marks), the items are sometimes called scales themselves. This is the source of much confusion; it is better, therefore, to reserve the term Likert scale to apply to the summated scale, and Likert item to refer to an individual item. A Likert item is simply a statement which the respondent is asked to evaluate according to any kind of subjective or objective criteria; generally the level of agreement or disagreement is measured. It is considered symmetric or "balanced" because there are equal amounts of positive and negative positions.] Often five ordered response levels are used, although many psychometricians advocate using seven or nine levels; a recent empirical study found that a 5- or 7- point scale may produce slightly higher mean scores relative to the highest possible attainable score, compared to those produced from a 10-point scale, and this difference was statistically significant. In terms of the other data characteristics, there was very little difference among the scale formats in terms of variation about the mean, skewness or kurtosis.

    The format of a typical five-level Likert item is:


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

    Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree

    Likert scaling is a bipolar scaling method measuring either positive or negative response to a statement. Sometimes a four-point scale is used; this is a forced choice method since the middle option of "Neither agree nor disagree" is not available.

    Scoring and analysis


    After the questionnaire is completed, each item may be analyzed separately or in some cases item responses may be summed to create a score for a group of items. Hence, Likert scales are often called summative scales. Whether individual Likert items can be considered as interval-level data, or whether they should be considered merely ordered-categorical data is the subject of disagreement. Many regard such items only as ordinal data, because, especially when using only five levels, one cannot assume that respondents perceive all pairs of adjacent levels as equidistant. On the other hand, often (as in the example above) the wording of response levels clearly implies a symmetry of response levels about a middle category; at the very least, such an item would fall between ordinal- and interval-level measurement; to treat it as merely ordinal would lose information. Further, if the item is accompanied by a visual analog scale, where equal spacing of response levels is clearly indicated, the argument for treating it as intervallevel data is even stronger. Responses to several Likert questions may be summed, providing that all questions use the same Likert scale and that the scale is a defendable approximation to an interval scale, in which case they may be treated as interval data measuring a latent variable.

    Level of measurement
    The five response categories are often believed to represent an Interval level of measurement. But this can only be the case if the intervals between the scale points correspond to empirical observations in a metric sense. In fact, there may also appear phenomena which even question the ordinal scale level. For example, in a set of items A,B,C rated with a Likert scale circular relations like A>B, B>C and C>A can appear. This violates the axiom of transitivity for the ordinal scale.

    Questionnaires on Self-Assessment

    ABOUT ME.
    Questions:Strongly Disagree disagree (1) (2) Neutral (3)

    Name:Gender:Agree (4) Strongly Agree (5)

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    When I believe I am right, I am not afraid to let people know what I think. I like to learn about new things. I think of many ways to do things. I notice when someone is enjoying him or herself. When something doesnt work, I keep trying to figure out how to make

    it work.

    6.

    7.

    8.

    I like to find answers to problems. I think of different ways to work on things. I notice when someone is upset.

    CALCULATION:Each point on the scale carries a score. Response indicating the least favorable degree of SELF ASSESSMENT is given the least score (say 1). And the most favorable is given the highest score (say 5). These score values are normally not printed on the instrument but are shown here just to indicate the scoring pattern. The likert scaling technique thus, assigns a scale value to each of the five responses. The same thing is done in respect of each and every statement in the instrument. This way, the instrument yields a total score for each respondent, which would then measure the respondents favorableness towards the given point of view. In this instrument, there are 8 statements so the following score values would be revealing:8 x 5 = 40 (most favorable response possible) 8 x 3 = 24 (a neutral attitude) 8 x 1 = 8 (most Unfavorable attitude) The scores for any individual would fall between 8 and 40. If the score happens to be above 24, it shows favorable opinion to the given point of view, a score below 24 would mean unfavorable opinion and a score of exactly 24 would be suggestive a neutral attitude.

    Conclusion The test is conducted upon 10 people. In this test, the score of 6 people lies between 25 to 40 so these people are having strong self-assessing power and score of 3 people lies between 8-23 so they have low assessing power. In them, there is one person whose score is exactly 24 so he is having neutral attitude regarding the self-assessment.

    A PROJECT ON LIKERT SCALE (SELF-ASSESSMENT)

    SUBMITTED TO
    Mr. AJAY PATOLE

    SUBMITTED BY
    PIYUSH KAPAHI NIKITA KANAUJIA NEELAM SHUKLA

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