(Gt00803) Individual Front Page Sample

LABUAN FACULTY OF
INTERNATIONAL
FINANCE
FAKULTI KEWANGAN
ANTARABANGSA
LABUAN
JALAN SUNGAI PAGAR, 87000 FT. LABUAN
TEL (0): (+60)87-460486 / 466719
ACADEMIC SESSION II (2021/2022)

GT00803 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING
INDIVIDUAL REPORT
ARTICLE TITLE(S):
1- The Effect of COVID-19 on Consumer Shopping Behavior:

Generational Cohort Perspective
2- Online Consumer Resilience During a Pandemic: An
Exploratory Study of E-commerce Behavior Before, During,
and After a COVID-19 Lockdown
NAME MATRICS. NO. PROGRAM

NURUL SYAFIQAH BINTI BG21110011 UH63432002/HE19
MOHD ROSZUKHI INTERNATIONAL
FINANCE
LECTURER NAME: DR ALESIA SIGANG GUGKANG
Article 1: The Effect of COVID-19 on Consumer Shopping Behaviour: Generational Cohort

Perspective.
Everyone is a consumer, and any business that exists in the market must compete,
survive, and grow to stay competitive. There are many different temperaments of people
around us. The goal of this study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on consumer
purchasing behaviour.
To begin with, a consumer's perception of product scarcity can have a significant

impact on their purchasing decisions. Consumers have exhibited collection behaviours that
are very different from their normal shopping habits. While online retail shopping has
increased during the COVID-19 crisis, it has grown steadily, albeit slowly, over the last few
decades. While learning about new services, customers examine their shopping habits.
Because of the convenience and security of home delivery, in-store pickup, and cashless
transactions, some customers prefer to shop online. As the pandemic crisis unfolds,
consumers react to brand actions in different ways. To prevent consumers from returning to
their previous shopping habits, the company will close or permanently close many stores
during this pandemic crisis.
Consumer choices are also influenced by fear appeal and changes in consumer
behaviour. COVID-19 and its effects have caused fear, anxiety, and concern in people all
over the world, according to studies, and have become one of the most important factors
affecting their health and well-being. In addition, several studies have found that the
prevalence of fear symptoms in the general population is related to age. Fear-based appeals
will form a strong bond with purchases of specific products. According to this study, fear of
COVID-19 and its complete eradication has had a significant impact on the populations of
many countries by 2020. Community purchasing behaviour is influenced by critical coverage
in the mainstream media, social media, peer-to-peer recommendations, and peer-to-peer
comparison shopping. We believe that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness of
not only physical well-being and employment but also access to resources necessary to meet
basic human needs.
Next, there are generational differences as well as shopping habits to consider.

According to researchers, the influence perception of a particular century has a far greater
impact on generational differences than the individual's age. Begin by speaking to the Baby
Boomer generation, who place a premium on face-to-face communication, dependable
products, and tight budgets. ICT and mobile phones are just getting started for Generation X.
They have a sophisticated approach to shopping and product selection, and they struggle with
eye-to-eye conversation. Generation Y is more likely to buy something after doing a lot of
research, and they won't go back to the same store unless they have no other options. In fact,
this factor will influence how people make purchasing decisions. People will easily trust and
buy a product if promoters can influence or manipulate the situation, especially in the Baby
Boomer era. As a result, they will overspend on items they do not need.
In conclusion, most consumer shopping behaviour purchasing is critical in the
industry because most buyers will make purchases every day. Usually, customers purchasing
decisions are based on in-depth research on whether that item is needed or not.
(505 words)
References
Eger, L., Komárková, L., Egerová, D., & Mičík, M. (2021). The Effect of COVID-19 on
Consumer Shopping Behaviour: Generational Cohort Perspective. Journal of Retailing
and Consumer Services. Vol. 61, 102542
Article 2: Online Consumer Resilience During a Pandemic: An Exploratory Study of E-

commerce Behavior Before, During, and After a COVID-19 Lockdown.
E-commerce is the purchase and sale of goods and services over the internet or other
open networks. The epidemic has already begun, according to industry analysts and surveys
questionnaires, hastening the pre-crisis trend toward e-commerce. Based on consumer
behaviour, this article examined how consumers used E-commerce before, during, and after a
COVID-19 lockdown.
First and foremost, during times of restriction, online purchasing behaviour.

Reacting, coping, and adapting are the three stages of the process. According to the author, it
"represents a near-instant reaction, short-term alternatives, and long-term adjustments." By
introducing new habits and implementing controls in these other areas, buyers are gradually
overcoming this problem. Long-term changes will result in a shift in consumer habits as more
residence observations, online and store purchase behaviour, and community re-offending
experiences become more common.
Furthermore, online reactive purchasing behaviour was observed during COVID-

19. Customers will be given essential items such as "toilet roll, bread, water, meat, cleaning
agents, and cleaning supplies" in the event of an outbreak. When a necessary item is in short
supply and there is a reasonable chance that it will continue to be available, buyers will try to
reclaim it by concealing the fact that their unexpected purchasing behaviour is partly due to
desire. The reasons are divorce and health-care issues. Social and public policy have been
shown to exacerbate this. Antiseptics and cleaning agents may be viewed as a significant
purchase to aid in the relief of health problems during a medical emergency.
Then, during COVID-19, they began copying each other's purchasing habits.
Researchers discovered that participants' shopping habits were similar during COVID-19.
During the Sars outbreak, for example, people in Hong Kong used social media to buy hand
sanitizers and cleaning supplies, as well as basic items like oil, grains, meat, vegetables, and
fish. Cognitively focused coping activities concentrate on the individual's own feelings and
emotions. During the coping phase, users can order self-care and health products, as well as
solution-focused products that allow them to focus on themselves.
At last, during COVID-19, online adaptive purchasing behaviour was investigated.
As a result of "adapting to new living conditions," terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and
epidemics all-cause long-term behavioural changes and changes in how people live their
lives. The COVID-19 pandemic, closure, and social incarceration. As a result of the move,
which has disrupted shopping and shopping practices, consumers have been encouraged to
try new channels and develop new habits. Most shoppers will find online shopping and home
delivery to be both convenient and cost-effective, as well as to avoid the stress of new
grocery store hygiene rules and regulations. As a result of recent behavioral changes because
of an outbreak, previously undetected online user recruitment could occur.
In conclusion, online consumers got benefit from online shopping because it gives
them more knowledge and advantages to compare several products with prices, as well as the
convenience and ease of finding the needed product.
(484 words)
References
Guthrie, C., Fosso-Wamba, S., & Arnaud, J. B. (2021). Online Consumer Resilience During
a Pandemic: An Exploratory Study of e-commerce Behavior Before, During and After a
COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. Vol. 61, 102570
Comparison
These two articles differ in several ways, which I summarize based on my knowledge.
Starting with the introduction, the goal of this comparison is to highlight the differences
between these two articles. The knowledge that I use is to show what I noticed after reading
the summary of both articles.
Both articles talk about how people shop online. Many consumers are opting to
purchase items online because of the epidemic. It will make it easier for users to obtain basic
needs, in addition to saving time. Ecommerce websites, unlike many other offline stores, are
open 24 hours a day. Customers can access information about services, browse products, and
place orders at any time. In this regard, online purchases are very convenient and
provide users with more control. Additionally, those who live in more rural areas can afford
it. Consumers were able to examine their purchasing habits while also benefiting. They
haven't used any of these services before. For example, some customers have switched to
online shopping and are reaping the benefits. There are options for cashless payments, free
shipping, and store delivery. The government had not anticipated the rule's implementation,
according to the article's author, and social distancing centers will have a significant impact
on consumers' previous preferred shopping channels. (Pantano et al., 2020). Consequently,
even if the price is low and reasonable, we as consumers must learn to limit our expenses
while shopping. This may reduce the risk of consumers developing a hedonistic shopping
habit to some extent.
Next, consumers fear of an ongoing epidemic is emphasized even more in article 1.

As a result, a new habit of purchasing large quantities of daily necessities has developed,
resulting in waste. They are especially concerned if their family's basic needs are not enough.
Fear control and danger control are two types of fear appeal, with fear control focusing on
emotional responses induced by managing risks and real threat consumer behaviour problems
taken to avoid it, and danger control focusing on emotional responses induced by real threat
consumer behavioural issues taken to avoid it. it (Accenture, 2020; Addo et al., 2020). "A
system of regulations or is managed to carry out in a widespread manner" "repeat and
apparently intended characteristics that show a system of regulations or is managed to carry
out in a widespread manner" (O’Guinn & Faber, 1989; Ullman & Krasner, 1969). This will
impact increasing in demand for necessities. Due to scarcity, prices began to skyrocket.
Then, it is critical to consider both age diversity and shopping habits. The
transformation from traditional to online methodologies Brands can continue to reach
consumers without the use of middlemen, resulting in higher margins for industry players.
(Dr.M.Vidya & Dr.P.Selvamani, 2019). Each generation appears to have its own
relationship with the brand, as well as distinct purchasing objectives. Regardless of their
differences, each cohort seeks security and dependability, as well as straightforward
commercial products and open marketing. When it comes to shopping and purchasing, each
generation has a different relationship with the brand and different goals. Each generation
seeks payment security, easy brand interaction, and transparent marketing, regardless of their
differences. (National Retail Federation, 2020).
Based on article 2, it is talk about people perceptions in adapting to online

purchases. Consumers see the epidemic as an ability to learn new shopping procedures.
There has been a closure and social incarceration because of the COVID-19 pandemic. To
look at it another way, people are more willing than ever to accept technology to deal with
isolation effectively. (Wright & Blackburn, 2020). Customer adaptability simplifies the
relationship between customer vulnerability and product features, product promotion,
purchasing power, and the desire to distinguish between income growth and customer
satisfaction. Taking control of one's daily life can be seen as a coping strategy that can help
with perseverance development while being open to new online purchases can be beneficial.
Predictions that the number of people who shop online will grow, or that they will seek out
new online stores rather than returning to old ones. (Tam, 2020).
All in all, both articles mention e-commerce in some way, and each has its own set of
strengths. As far as I can tell, article 1 discusses more specifics about attitudes, self-emotions,
and the generation of differentiation in how people react during COVID-19. In the meantime,
article 2 gives insight into their habits to address the new norms.

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LABUAN FACULTY OF

ACADEMIC SESSION II (2021/2022)

1- The Effect of COVID-19 on Consumer Shopping Behavior:

NAME MATRICS. NO. PROGRAM

MOHD ROSZUKHI INTERNATIONAL

Article 1: The Effect of COVID-19 on Consumer Shopping Behaviour: Generational Cohort

To begin with, a consumer's perception of product scarcity can have a significant

Next, there are generational differences as well as shopping habits to consider.

Article 2: Online Consumer Resilience During a Pandemic: An Exploratory Study of E-

First and foremost, during times of restriction, online purchasing behaviour.

Furthermore, online reactive purchasing behaviour was observed during COVID-

Next, consumers fear of an ongoing epidemic is emphasized even more in article 1.

Based on article 2, it is talk about people perceptions in adapting to online

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