Skripsi Fix Watermark
Skripsi Fix Watermark
Skripsi Fix Watermark
A Thesis
Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Strata 1 Degree (S1)
1111026000101
JAKARTA
2017
Abstract
Keyword:
Feminist Criticism, Women, Patriarchal Ideology.
i
APPROVEMENT
A Thesis
Submitted to Adab and Humanities Faculty in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the Degree of Strata One (S1)
Approved by
(Day/Date )
JAKARTA
2017
ii
iii
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my own
another neither person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted
for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of
higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all I want to thank to Allah SWT, the creator of the world, the
almighty, the lord of the universe, who has given the guidance and strength until I
could submit this paper. Peace and salutation be upon to the great messenger, our
prophet Muhammad SAW, and his families, relatives and all of his followers.
Special great thanks to Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum as the advisor. Thanks
For the guidance, patience, support and advice in helping the writer to accomplish
this thesis. Then, I also wants to thanks to my beloved family, my father (Ramlan),
my mother (Mardiana), and my sister (Elin) Who have taken care of me, give love,
I also express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Dede Rosyada, M.A., the rector of
State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.Ag,
the dean of Faculty of Adab Humanities, Drs. A. Saefudin, M.Pd, the head of English
Department, all of the lecturers in English Letters Department for teaching her very
well during her study at State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.
Thank you to my friends Adela and Cika, thanks for always reminded me to
finish this thesis.great thanks also to my close friend Hafidzah Adha, thanks to
become my friend and reminded me to finish my thesis , I also want to express the
v
Paradilla Azizah, and Fatmawati Ryfa. Thanks for your support and motivation. The
last I also want to thank to my beloved cats Hachi, Encah, and Mery, thanks to
always beside me and entertain me when I face difficult time, I will feed you Canin as
much as I can.
The Writer
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. i
APPROVEMENT ................................................................................................... ii
DECLARATION ................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................... v
A. Background of Study.................................................................... 1
vii
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................ 8
A. Conclusions...............................................................................34
B. Suggestions ...............................................................................35
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
inferior or more lower than men. Some negative perspectives about women have
been created through some sources such as in theology, and philosophy. They
depict women as evil, sinful, not fully human being, and lack of capacity and
naturally inferior.
sinful due to Eve that teases Adam to eat the forbidden fruit. When Eve listens to
serpent to tease Adam, the path that she follows is not the path of God, but the evil
path. Therefore, over centuries ago, the general belief in west viewed women as
as the property of men and claims that women’s role in society is for reproduction
and serving men in the household, he also sees men domination of women as
1
Christoper Witcombe,Eve’sIdentity, http://witcombe.sbc.edu/eve-women/ 3eveident ity.html.
Retrieved on: 25-10-2016
1
2
Lerner states that the hidden message from women’s inferiority through myth,
that oppresses them. Women have been participated for their own subordination
because they have been psychologically shaped for the idea of their own inferiority.
The system that Lerner means is patriarchy. 4 It is a system that allows men to
men are inherently dominant or superior to women that can be believed and acted
upon by either men or women, the earlier terms imply only men act as oppressors of
women. Patriarchy also regarded that women inferiority is natural thus that unequal
In patriarchal society, men hold the main and important role because they
are regarded as strong, potential and productive. Meanwhile women are regarded as
weak, lack of potentiality and not productive. 7Therefore, the field such as economy,
law, education, politic and religion is dominated by men. Meanwhile women are
2
Clay Nelson , You Stept Out of Your Place”: Challenging Patriarchy http://auckland
unitarian.org.nz/you-have-stept-out-of-your-place-challenging-patriarchy/, Retrieved on 25-10-2016
3
Lorraine Code, Patriarchy, http://gill.delt.mun.ca /courses/wstd1000/concept/patriarchy.
php, Retrieved on: 25-10-2016
4
Grace Varada, Patriarchy and the Power of Myth: Exploring the Significance of a
Matriarchal Prehistory, Bard College. Diss. 2015.P 22
5
Lorraine Code, Loc.cit.
6
Bell Hook. Understanding Patriarchy. The Will to Change: Men, Masculinity, and
Love,(Washingtong Press, 2004). pp. 17–20
7
Tim PSW (Pusat Studi Wanita) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.Pengantar Kajian
Gender.(Jakarta: PSW(PusatStudiWanita) UIN SyarifHidayatullah Jakarta, 2003). P 28
3
marginalized into domestic role and they are still under control of men in domestic
role8.
Patriarchal society gives absolute priority to men and to some extent limits
women’s human rights. Therefore, Patriarchy becomes the obstacle for women’s
advancement and development.9 The space of men in society that wider than women
make them easier to determine and reach their future. Meanwhile, women have the
limitation and the rule of culture that curbs their way to involved in
regarded as inferior, meanwhile men that regarded as superior hold the powers and
authority to control over women including their access opportunity such as education
Parents treat their daughter differently with son, they prefer son to get education.
Meanwhile, daughter is the second priority. Because they think that women will
become a housewife and a mother who need to take care their child or their
8
Ibid. P. 33
9
Abeda Sultana, Patriarchy and Women’s Subordination: A Theoretical Analysis.The Arts
Faculty Journal.Vol 4.July 2010.14.web. 23-07-2016
10
Tim PSW (PusatStudiWanita) UIN SyarifHidayatullahJakarta.Op.Cit. p 62
11
Tim PSW (PusatStudiWanita) UIN SyarifHidayatullahJakarta.Op.Cit. p 78
12
Nihayatul Wafiroh ,kenapaPerempuanHarusMemilikiPendidikan Ba gus?.
.http://www.rahima.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=967:kenapa-perempuan-
harus-memiliki-pendidikan-bagus-akhwatuna-edisi-39&catid=40:akhwatuna&Itemid=307. Retrieved
on: 26-10-2016
4
From the statement above we can see that patriarchy put women in
disadvantages situation. Women have been struggled to fight patriarchy and gender
discrimination since a long time ago, therefore women creates a movement which is
called feminism. Feminism argues that women should have the equal right as men
have.
Concerning feminism, nowadays many authors wrote the novel about women
struggle. The writer inserts some of the feminist ideas in novel to criticize the unequal
treatment that women get from society. The imaginative ways that writer use in
depicting women’s live can make people aware and angry about the problem that face
by women.
A Golden Web is a novel, it tells about a woman that struggles to pursue her
dreams in patriarchal society. This novel written by Barbara Quick and published in
2010, the novel was chosen as one of ten recommended titles for teen readers by the
Amelia Bloomer Project, part of the Feminist Task Force of the American Library
century.
Alessandra Gillani is a woman who lives at the time where women still have
limitation of freedom and right. She is from upper class family. She dreams of
time, they cannot get higher education. Alessandra decides to pursue her dreams even
though it has big risks. Then she decides to disguise as man and learn medical in
13
Barbara Quick, A Golden Web’s Review,http://www.barbaraquick.com/press.html.
Retrieved on 23-07-2016.
5
Bologna University. In the medieval Europe when patriarchy still exist, Alessandra
depicted as a woman that realize about the condition of women in society, instead of
obeying the system that insists the women should obey the rule in society. She tries to
make her own decision to act as her wish. What make this novel interesting is the
main character still a little girl but she has wide perspective about women
this research I scrutinize some of the efforts from the main character that struggle in
B. Focus of Research
Based on the background study this research focuses on the effort of the main
C. Research Question
The writer hopes this research can increase reader’s knowledge about
feminism, especially in A Golden Web novel and it also can be used as the reference
E. Research Methodology
Based on the research questions, this research aims to reveal the resistance
2. Method of Research
the relevant data collection techniques14, this research also supported with
collected by using various ways including statistical or non statistical that used
in study. 15In this research, I use feminist theory to Analyze the data and uses
novel “A Golden Web” to understand and explain how the main character
described related to feminist theory. The writer doing some steps such as
reading the novel carefully, classifying the data, giving some notes related data,
and analyzing the data. To support the data the writer found the related data
14
Djaman Satori, Metodologi Penelitian Kualiatif. (Bandung: Alfabet, 2013), P 23.
15
Muhammad Farkhan, Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. (Jakarta: Adabia
Press,2011), P 41
7
4. Instrument of Research
Golden Web repeatedly and analyzing the main character using the feminist
theory.
5. Unit of Analysis
written by Barbara Quick and published in 2010 by Harper teen. And e-book
version published by Harpers Collins ebook. In this research, the writer will use
e-book.
16
Ibid, P 29.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Previous Research
published in 2010 as the first edition. As far as the researcher knows, this novel has
thesis the researcher analyzes the whole character using theory gender inequality by
Armatya Sens. this thesis focuses on analyses seven type of gender inequality.The
results of this analysis describe that there are five gender inequality have been found
by writer. They are mortality inequality, basic facility inequality, special opportunity
Another research that use A Golden Web novel as object of research is a thesis
by Eka Nur Fitriani from Gunadarma University, the title of this thesis is “The
analysis of Phrasal Verbs in the Novel entitled A Golden Web by Barbara Quick”. 18
The aims of the research are to find the types of phrasal verb that used in the novel
“A Golden Web” written by Barbara Quick and to analyze the type that mostly used
in the novel. This research used qualitative method. The results of the research show
17
Emilia Saranga, Abstract Gender Inequality in Barbara Quick’s “A Golden
Web”.repository.unhas.ac.id/digilib/gdl.php?mod=browse&op=read&id=--emiliasara-
10859&PHPSESSID=76d0663944c64b4b71d1032ab2f1acb4 , Retrieved on 23-01-2016
18
Eka Nur Fitriani, Abstract The analysis of Phrasal Verbs in the Novel entitled A Golden
Web by Barbara Quick. http://library.gunadarma.ac.id/repository/view/3835890/the-analysis-of-
phrasal-verbs-in-the-novel-entitled-a-golden-web-by-barbara-quick.html/, Retrieved on 17-04-2017
8
9
that there are 162 phrasal verbs and four types of phrasal verb found in the novel.
From four types of phrasal verb, the most dominant type that used in the novel is
type 1 which has the pattern verb + adverb and the percentage of use is 55%
Through the previous research we can see that this research is different from
those researches. In this research I use feminist theory to analyze the data and use the
same novel “A Golden Web” but different approach. This thesis will analyze the
character use feminism approach to understand and explain how the main character
one character, Alessandra Gilliani who struggles to pursue her dream in patriarchal
society. Feminism approach that uses in this thesis is Feminism awareness, and
dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with
particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the
persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it (the dialogue) and from what
theydo (the action).19 Meanwhile, Gordon states character is a person created a work
of fiction.20
19
M.H Abram, A Glossary of Literary Terms. (United state of America:Earl Mcpeek,1999).
P 32.
20
Jane Bachman Gordon , and Karen Kuenher, Fiction: The Element of Short Story.( United
State: Mc Grahill,1999). P 97.
10
Hall states that character is “what the reader is interested in”. It is through
characters that he leads the extracurricular, imaginary and substitute life that is
fiction's gift, and it is through the adventures, antics and predicaments of the
characters that he may learn lessons that pertain to the conduct of his own life. 21Based
on these definitions, it can be concluded that character is person that created for
literary work that attracts the reader and it has the important role in literary work.
character. Major character is an important figure and become central in the story
either in action or theme. 22 Because major character is the most telling figure in story
and always related to another character, he/she always determine toward the
important conflicts that affect the development of the plot.23 Minor character is
character other than major character, their degree of importance depend on their
function.24
The way that writers present and reveal character is called characterization.
Characterization also can be defined as what the author does to bring a character life,
consists of the writer who telling the reader directs statements about the character’s
personality and what the character is like. Meanwhile, in indirect characterization the
21
Oakley Hall, How Fiction Works.(Ohio: story press,2001),P 109.
22
Ibid. P 86.
23
Burhan Nurgyanto, Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. (Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press,
2010). PP 176-177
24
Jane Bachman Gordon , and Karen Kuenher. Op.Cit. P 98
25
Ibid, PP 98-99
11
writer reveal the reader about information of character and personality through the
character thoughts, words and actions in the story, It also often involves the use of
external details, such as dress, mannerisms, movements, speech and speech patterns,
The unequal treatment that happened to women has been occurred since a
long time ago, people who thought that women being treated unfairly; they create the
Feminism is the consciousness from the form of the adverse treatment such as
oppression, and exploitation that happened to women in some aspect of life, including
with doing a movement to change that situation. As it stated by Bashin and Khan:
of looking at the world, which women occupy from the perspective of women. It has
as its central focus the concept of patriarchy, which can be described as a system of
male authority, which oppresses women through its social, political and economic
institutions. 28
26
D.K. Peterson, Literature Resource, Literary Elements., http://www.english.wayne.edu/
Fiction/ literary element.html.Retrieved on 29-09-2015
27
Kamla Bashin and Nighat Said Khan, Some Question on Feminism and Its Relevance in
South Asia.(New Delhi: Kalhi For women,1986). P 2
28
Susan Osborn, Pocket Essential Idea.(USA:Trafalgar Square Publishing:2001). P 8
12
Feminism is concepts, studies, and social movement that aim to change the
subordinate status of women in society that prioritizes the male perspective. People
who put the interests of men over women's interests is the definition of a patriarchal
society.29
on the idea of the effort to raise awareness of the inequality and oppression of women
in society, as well as the conscious actions committed by both men and women to
In the wide term means that feminism is a women movement that rejects everything
being the same, especially in terms of social status or legal/ political rights.31
about the system that oppresses them; therefore they should gain their
exploitation and oppression”, it emphasized that feminism in the most basic level,
the definition, the construct of feminist consciousness would include any traits,
values and attitudes that held by an individual that acknowledges the existence of
29
Ni Komang Ari Swastini, Perkembangan Feminisme Barat dari Abad Kedelapan Belas :
Sebuah Tinjauan Teoretis, Journal of social science and Humaniora Vol:2. P. 198
30
Nyoman KuthaRatna, Theories, Methods and Techniques of Literary
Research.(Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2013), p 184
31
Jane Plicher and Imelda Whelean, 50 key concepts in Gender Studies. (London: Sage
Publication, 2004), p 37
13
sexist discrimination and its power as an inevitable and damaging aspect of all
women’s live.32
Hook states before women could change patriarchy they should change their
self, they should raise their consciousness. They should aware that they are being
about the system (patriarchy) that oppresses them how it becomes standardized and
how it become exist. Through the consciousness they gain their strength to fight
intellectually, this concept has used as social construction in society. Based on this
concept, society divided into two parts: private and public world, the private world
implied that women should stay at home, they were not allowed to work and learn,
and they are just educated that suited that society claimed as their nature such as
sewing, nursing and painting. The sole role for them is in marriage. The public
worlds imply that men are more potential in intellectually. So they were allowed to
get education such as mathematics, scientist etc. Therefore women are curbs in the
rule of system that create the limitation for their access in education. This rule also
imply in some of notion in theology and philosophy. It was a long time coming.
Leading thinkers from Aristotle to Darwin reiterated that women were lesser beings,
32
Stephanie Chuninngham. Diss. University of Akron, 2012.https://etd.
ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/akron1345938471/inline. Retrieved on : 20-01- 2016. PP. 8-9
33
Bell Hook .Feminism for Everybody .(Canada: South End Press Cambridge, MA ,2000).PP
7-8
14
and one does not have to look hard to find comments from writers, theologians, and
This movement makes people aware the inferior position of women. The impact of
this movement can also be felt in the field of literature. Women began to realize that
in the works literature there is an imbalance regarding the view of human in the
(negative attitudes toward women) in various kinds of source that describes women
as inferior or lesser creatures. Feminists states about their disagreements toward the
statement that degraded women capacity.They are Marry Wollstonecraft, John Stuart
Mill, and Virginia Woolf. In their work they denied misogyny and they have the same
women are naturally inferior in rational capacity. Shebelieves that women as well as
men have the rational capacity. Thus that society should treat women and men same
in education. She states that women has right to achieve education and expand their
Another feminist is John Stuart Mills, he also wrote about the idea of
women’s right for education and he also denied some of the statements who degraded
34
Dobie, Ann B. Theory Into Practice: An Introduction to Literary Criticism.(Boston:
Wadsworth Cengage Learning,2012), P 63
35
Serpill Tunc Opperman, Feminist Literary Criticism: Expanding the Canon as Regards the
Novel , http://warlight.tripod.com/OPPERMANN.html. Retrieved on: 22-04-2016
36
Ibid, P 19
15
women. In Subjection of women Mill states that he against the opinion about women
which states that women are naturally inferior, less rational. He states that those
opinion is not based on the valid evidence and probably all wrong 37. Meanwhile, In
subject of marriage he also write about his disagreement that women has the different
intellectual capacity with men, he denied the dogmatism which states about women
and men are naturally have the differences of the intellectual capacity. 38He argues
that men and women have same potential, and women should be given the same
Virginia Woolf in A Room of One's Own (1929) states about her rejection of
patriarchy, Woolf argues that the male dominated ideas of the patriarchal society
prevented women from realizing their creativity and true potential. 40 Wolf argues that
women have the right to develop their potentiality and they also have the right to get
education. 41 She states If women are given access to education equal to men in a
system that viewed both sexes as equals, they can lead lives in which they are free
reveal the veil thatcovers the certain message inside the literary works and reclaim the
37
Susan Moller Okin, John Stuart Mill's Feminism: The Subjection of Women and the
Improvement of Mankind. Journal of History vol.7.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz.web .20-07-2016. p
108
38
Ibid. pp 109-110.
39
Ibid. p 118
40
Elizabeth Doolitle,Virginia Woolf 's Views on the Necessity of Education for Girls," Papers
& Publications: Interdisciplinary Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 4. 3.
http://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/papersandpubs/vol4/iss1/7/.Web.23-07-2016
41
Ibid. P 1
42
Ibid. P 3
16
literature both reflects and shapes stereotypes and other cultural assumptions. Thus,
attitudes or undercut them, sometimes both happening within the same work.44
view. This is accomplished in several ways. Some feminist critics seek to interpret
the works of male authors, with particular attention to women characters, in order to
explore the moral, political and social restrictions women traditionally faced. Other
feminist critics choose to analyze the works of women authors that have been
to give a critical respond towards the opinion manifested in literary works which is
given by its culture. Thus, it is questioning the relationship between text, power and
reclaiming the lost literary women and in documenting the sources. In this respect,
tradition. Many early works on women writers before the 1960s usually focus on the
female literary tradition. Here it is necessary to point out the difference between
43
Azzariah Rahman, Feminist Literary Criticism: an Introduction, https://www.academia.ed
u/1505934/feminist_literary_criticism_an_introduction, Retrieved on: 20-04-2017.
44
Linda Napikoski, Feminist Literary Criticism, https://www.thoughtco.com/feminist-
literary-criticism-3528960.Retrieved on: 20-04-2017.
45
Anonymous , Feminist Literary Criticism,https://www.nypl.org/node/5672. Retrieved
on:20-04-2017
46
Azzariah Rahman, Feminist Literary Criticism: an Introduction, Opcit.
17
interpret the world but to change it by changing the consciousness of those who read
and their relation to what they read. The first act of a feminist critic is to become a
resisting rather than an assenting reader and, by this refusal to assent, to begin the
process of exorcizing the male mind that has been implanted in us." On the thematic
level, then, the reader rejects stereotypes and examines woman as a theme in literary
works.48
On the ideological level, the reader seeks to learn not to accept the hegemonic
Gender is largely a cultural construct, as are the stereotypes that go along with it: that
the male is active, dominating, and rational, whereas the female is passive,
47
Serpill Tunc Opperman, Feminist Literary Criticism: Expanding the Canon as Regards the
Novel , http://warlight.tripod.com/OPPERMANN.html. Retrieved on: 22-04-2016
48
Greig E. Henderson and Christopher Brown, Feminist Criticism
http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/glossary/Feminist_criticism.html. Retrieved on 26-04-2017
49
Ibid p 8
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDING
A. Character Analysis
Character is one of the important elements in story. The main character is the
character that becomes the central in a story. In A Golden Web the main character is
Alessandra Gilliani, She is a smart girl who lives in patriarchal era, when the
subordination and patriarchal system still dominant. I analyze the main character by
her appearance, action and thought, in order to know more deeply the character in
the story.
Alessandra is a beautiful girl; her beauty resembles her mother, especially for
the eyes. According to her sister her eyes look like her mother who has almond
shape, and the appearance of her mother can be described by painting of her mother.
“…from the almond-shaped eyes to the startled brow and the slightly parted
lipsthat seemed about to speak.”
“You look like her, Zan-Zan,” said Pierina, gazing up into her sister’s wideset,
unmistakably almond-shaped brown eyes.” (Quick2010,20)
Alessandra showed the painting of their mother to her sister; from the painting
her sister admitted that Alessandra resembled their mother. She inheritted her
mother’s beauty. Her eyes is like almond shaped eyes starteld brows and slightly
Beside beautiful, she is also dressed up herself beautifully. She always wears
gown. Her step mother insists her to become gracefull woman, so she must wear
“She is going to kill you when she sees the wreck you’ve made of your
gown!” said Nicco as he pushed her gently away.
18
19
From the quotation above we can see that Alessandra wear gown when she
was at home. Her brother reminded her that their step mother may get mad if she
knew the gown was messes up.From that quotation we know that her mother wantted
As a girl her behavior is not graceful like a common girl. It’s shown from the
beginning of the story. When Alessandra comes to help her brother to studying, her
appearance is mess up. Her gown is dirty with mud because she chases a pig.
“….And no sooner did Nicco think of his sister than she appeared in the
doorway, a curly hair shrimp of a girl with her green velvet gown all spattered
in mud “ (Quick2010, 5)
“I trampled his turnips, quite byaccident, while trying to catch the new piglet
that had wandered off—and now I’ve ruined my gown,and Mother is surely
going to kill me.”(Quick 2010,6)
Moreover, she also has hobby like a boy, not like a common girl who stay at
home. She liked to wander off the forest and learn how to ride the horse with her
brother Nicco. Moreover, she always wears her brother’s clothes while she rides the
horse. Her mother never allows her to ride the horse, but she insisted.
“It seemed to Alessandra that Ursula had loosened her hold on her or, much to
her delight, hadsomehow forgotten about her. She grew enough that year to
ride the little gelding kept by Carlo’sgroom. She never learned to ride as well
as Nicco—but, still, she learned to ride well enough and towear her brother’s
clothes with such confidence that the neighbors—always alert to anything
new—took her for an apprentice or cousin or some other young male hanger-
on at the Gilianis” (Quick 2010, 52)
Even though she must learn secretly by disguises as man, but she didn't give
up learning until she could ride a horse. Sometimes her neighbor assumed that she is
a boy.
20
Alessandra is a caring person. She always cares to her brother and sister. She
always helps her older brother. Whenever her brother gets trouble with his study she
helps him.
“Alessandra turned away from him to examine the book that stood open on
its stand. “oh, I parsed this out last harvest season. Look, let’s just go over it
so that you can at least do a passable job when he comes back, and I’ll see if
I can find an excuse to stay close by, so that I can help you out with a
whispered answer, if need be. Did you know that he’s deaf in the leaf
ear?“(Quick 2010,7)
The text above tells about Alessandra who helped Nicco to study. He must
master his subject before the teacher came. Alessandra help Nicco to translate the
subject and when Nicco couldn’t answer the question, she would stand beside Nicco
She is also a responsible person. When her little brother wanders off outside
house without her baby sitter Emilia, she takes the responsibility to keep Dodo.
“The two years old was all smiles at the success of the journey he’d taken on
his own .he sturdy his little arms around his sister’s neck, crowing his own
version of her name: ZanZan.”
“madame our stepmother will be livid if she finds out he’s wandered off on
his own again, was it you supposed to be watching him?”
“Emilia-but never mind” (Quick 2010, 9)
The text above tells about how responsible Alessandra as a sister. She knew
that her mother would be angry ifsheknew that Dodo wandered off without Emillia
taking care of him, and Nicco ask her whether it is her responsibilty or Emilia. But
she answered that it is Emillia duty to take care Dodo but she didn’t care about that.
She just watched over her little brother regardless from whomever duty to keep his
brother.
21
What ill luck” wailed Emilia, “to die without the chance to make his peace
with god!”
“it would have taken this one a month to confess all his sins” said Nicco,
nudging the friar’s body with the toe of his boot.” He’s as dead as a pike ,
God save me!”
Alessandra knelt down and traced a cross near the top of Fra Giuseppe’s belly.
Between his ribs.” Just here! Stomp on him, hard and sharp, but not hard
enough to break his bone(Quick 2010, 11)
The text above shows that she could help Nicco’s teacher who choked by a
piece of meat, everybody scared and assumed that teacher has died, but Alessandra
knew that teacher has not died. Everyone who saw that tragedy was impressed by her
ability, because they thought the teacher has died and she has saved his life, she gets
knowledge from the book and she prefers to read book about nature and medic.
Another event that shown she has medical knowledge is when she helped
people who got stung. It’s shown when Nicco got stung by bee. She knows how to
cure it.
They fell into the basket with the sound of hail. “Ouch!”
“Did you get stung?” said Pierina.
“It’s nothing.”
“Come down,” said Alessandra. “Let’s put some mud on it.”
“I’ll get some of these lower ones,” Pierina urged.
“Do come down!”
Nicco gave in to his sisters’ tender ministrations and
jumped to the ground. “Can you see the stinger?”
Pierina, who liked to think her brother loved her
best, grabbed Nicco’s injured hand. “Move over, Zan
—you’re blocking the light!”
“wasps don’t drop their stinger—just their poison”. Pushing Pierinna aside,
Alessandra brought Nicco’s hand up to her mouth, sucked on the swelling
there, and then spat” let’s put some mud, on it now”
Pierinna said:” we should get you a pair of red gloves, Alessandra- and then
you could go about the parish, selling cures” (Quick 2010, 50)
22
The quotations above show us how clever Alessandra is. When Nicco got
stung by bees she knew that bees never leave their stinger, but pierina asked Nicco
about bee’s stinger. In this case Alessandra has more knowledge than her sister. She
applied her knowledge to cure her brother. She sucks the poison and smeared the mud
to neutralize the poison. Her sister were impress by her ability, even she teased
Her father also knows that she is clever, but he doesn’t support her ambition.
Alessandra’s father admitted her intelligence; she has the capability more than
her brother Nicco. He admitted it even though Alessandra is a woman she has the
ability more than a men. He thought when Alessandra asked him to learn anatomy in
Bologna. But he refused it because she is a woman, even though he admitted that
She is also a courage woman. It can be seen when she refuses to marry with
Carlo shook his head. “The papers have already been drafted.”
“Burn them—I beg you!”(Quick 2010, 122)
The text above tells that Alessandra that refuse arrange marriage. She braves
to breaks the rule in society. In her society usually women marry in young age and
it’s such an obligation. Thus they cannot get education, due to the society regarded
that women should serve their household. She asked her Father to burn the
agreement documents to refused arrange marriage. She preferred to reach her dreams
She declares her thought about going to Bologna and learning anatomy in Bologna,
even though her environment and her father forbad her to get high education to learn
I want to study as Aristotle says men should study as Aristotle says men
should study
Men Alessandra not girl!
“It’s true the old stagtire has nothing kind to say about intellectual capacity of
females. But I am living proof that he was biased in his view.”
“How you vex me, Alessandra! What you’re asking is unreasonable! No girl
of Persiceto has ever gone off to study in Bologna. And females are not
permitted to compete for advanced degrees. You would heap shame upon our
heads—and even Pierina’s chances of marrying well would be compromised.”
“It is not fair!”
“It is the way of this world, daughter.” (Quick 2010, 67)
The text above tells about Alessandra who couldn’t deal with her father, who
didn’t allow her to go to Bologna. She insisted her father that she could go to
Bologna. She didn’t care about people says. She feels that it’s not fair because she is
a woman it means she couldn’t study in Bologna, her father angry with her. She has
24
her own decision to decide what she want to do, she finally decide to go to Bologna,
The intelligence and knowledge that Alessandra got beside from reading book
is also because she is a curious person. She want to know how to make book and the
She walked up quietly behind Old Fabio to watch him as he hunkered over the
vellum folio, applying gold leaf to an illumination of the Adoration of the
Magi.
Alessandra touched the tiny brush to the escaped piece of pounded gold, as
delicate as an insect’s wing. She cupped her other hand around it and held her
breath as she dropped it onto the bloodred silk of the tiny cushion. “There it
is.” (Quick 2010, 36-37)
From the text above we can see how curious Alessandra, Besides interested in
anatomy she is also interested in painting. It tells about Alessandra who involved in
her father’s printing house, it’s shown when she observed her father’s staff Fabio.
Her curiosity also can be seen through her thought who wonder about woman
Why would god have given her a keen and questioning mind if he didn’t
intend her to use it? why would the world and all of nature be laid out like a
book, waiting to be read and understood, if the creator had not desire her to
discover its secrets and draw wisdom from them?”
Woman created last of all, after all the animals and after Adam himself. Why
would God have done it thus if He intended woman as a lesser creature?
Would he not then have made her just after the animals and before Adam?
(Quick 2010, 121)
The text above tells about Alessandra mind. In her mind, she thought about
women and men that have given the ability by god, but just women who couldn’t use
their ability. She wondered why god create woman as the creature who lower than
25
men.Her curiosity showing that she is different from the girl in her time, where
women accept about the rule in society that curbs women, she is aware and thought
why the rule in society discriminate women. She aware that position of women in her
Alessandra is also an independent woman. Even though she has Emilia as her
guard, but she never relies on her. She want to be independent and doing everything
by herself.
Alessandra states that she didn’t need Emilia as her guard to keep her always,
she ordered Emilia to go home with Nicco. She said that she could do everything by
herself. And she didn’t want to worry about her. Even though Emillia is her guard
that order by her father, but she didn’t want to make Emillia feel burden with it. She
Alessandra also earns her own money when she works as Mondino’s assistant.
The text above tells about Alessandra who can stand independently in
Bologna. She earned her own money by being assistant lecturer, even though she has
not became a medical student. Her intelligence and surgery skill were quite
impressive to make Mondino interested in Alessandra, thus that make Mondino chose
26
her as his assistant. In this case Alessandra became an independent woman; she didn’t
depend on her parents to support her own life. She used her skill to earn her money.
Alessandra is also a hard working woman, she learns really hard while
attending to university, even she also approaches her lecturer after study.
“When she knew a subject well she would approach the professor afterwards
and arrange to be examined. In this way , all within the space of her first nine
mothns in Bologna. She passes her first year examination, then the second
years followed by the third.” (Quick2010,120)
From the text above we can see how hard she works, she always approaches
She also learns every night and kept the book close by her bed, it can be seen
when she tries to understand the content of the book every night, because she can’t
“Alessandra kept the book close by her bed, where she looked at it every night
trying to parse out what the pictures meant even though she couldn’t make
any sense of the world” (Quick 2010, 187)
The text above tells how hard Alessandra study, she tried her best to learn and
understand, even though the book was not easy to understand. She tried to understand
expects good things to happen. Her statement about her optimistic was described
when her brother, pick her up to go home but she refuse it.
The dialogue above tells about Alessandra who refused her brother to pick her
up, to back home. Because her father has suspicious that she maybe ran away from
27
the church. Then, Nicco went to Bologna to pick her up. She assured her brother that
she would graduate quickly.She believed that she could graduates as quick as
possible.
helps her to fight patriarchy. As clever and curious woman she never gives up on her
woman, she breaks the rule in society that forbids women to get higher education.
The feminist fought for women’s inequality between men and women, to have
equal right position as men have. In this part I analyze Alessandra, as the main
character of the novel. I discuss the main character as a feminist. From the characters
analysis I found that her character as curious, brave,clever, determine and hard
working. Her characteristics bring her to do some tendencies to fight against women’s
Hook states before women fight patriarchy they should raise their consciousness, they
should aware that they are victimized and being discriminated.50 From the character
analysis I found that Alessandra as curious person, this curiosity make her aware
about women’s condition in society that being subordinate. She thought about women
50
Bell Hook, Feminism for Everybody.(Canada, South End Press Cambridge, MA :2000), PP
6-7.
28
and men as God creations but they have different level. She knew that women also
have the capability, but the society never allow women get chance to use their ability.
Why would god have given her a keen and questioning mind if he didn’t
intend her to use it? why would the world and all of nature be laid out like a
book, waiting to be read and understood, if the creator had not desire her to
discover its secrets and draw wisdom from them?”
Woman created last of all, after all the animals and after Adam himself. Why
would God have done it thus if He intended woman as a lesser creature?
Would he not then have made her just after the animals and before Adam?
(Quick 2010, 121)
discrimination that happened to women makes her curious about position of women.
In this novel the Christian theology put women as the lower class than men.
Meanwhile, her thought describes that she is curious about God who created women
lower than men. This curiosity can indicate her awareness about gender inequality,
which put women lower than men in Christ theology. She knows that women don’t
have the equal chance as men have. Her thought is also the reflection of feminism
idea which states that Feminist refuse the notion about inequality between man and
Women who lives in patriarchal society can’t get the equal right in field such
education and career. The perspective at that time states that Women just needs to
stay at home, and doing their housework. This perception is influenced by theology
Feminism rejects the traditional notion that degrades women. Feminism assumes that
women and men have the equal logic and capability.JhonStuart Mill states his
51
Soenarjati Djajanegara,Kritik Sastra Feminis Sebuah Pengantar. (Jakarta : PT Gramedia
PustakaUtama, 2003), p. 2
29
rejection about assumption which states that women are naturally inferior, less
rational, and lack of capability. 52Feminism also states that women should be educated
In this case, Alessandra blaming Aristotle treatise, because women cannot get
the equal chance as well as men in education due to Aristotle’s treatisethat degrades
women’s capacity, Aristotle states that men ought to receive education because they
are rational, strong and active; meanwhile women should not receive education,
because he thinks that women are lack of capacity. Therefore, in patriarchal culture
son is the priority to get education, while women doesn’thave right to get education.53
Alessandra states that women also have the capacity, and they have right to get the
chance in education. She clearly states that Aristotle is wrong, and she is the proof
whichobligates women to marry in young age. She prefers to reach her dreams to get
education first, instead of follow the rule that has been made in society. Feminism
52
Susan Moller Okin, “John Stuart Mill's Feminism: The Subjection of Women and the
Improvement of Mankind”. Journal of History vol.7.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz.web.20-07-2016. p 108
53
Barbara A Parson. Aristotles views on women.http://gem. Reen wood.com/ wse /wsePrint.
jsp?id=id49. Retrieved on 17-07-2016
30
Alessandra when she decides to pursue her dreams to study in university. She wants
to expand her potentiality in anatomy. Therefore, she studies hard to pursue her
“Alessandra kept the book close by her bed, where she looked at it every night
trying to parse out what the pictures meant even though she couldn’t make
any sense of the world” (Quick 2010, 187)
Moreover, feminist states through education women can expand their ability,
show their skill and get job as their wish. It’s shown when Alessandra study in
university. She can prove that she has the skill and ability in anatomist. It’s shown
“He chooses assistants from among the best students in the medical school. I
know you’ve heard of him”
“You!” said Mondino. He was pointing at Alessandra.
“Me?” she mouthed silently.
“Yes, you—I’ve seen your skill with a knife. Step up—be swift! The body is
decaying rapidly.”And so Alessandra Giliani became Mondino’sprosector,
( Quick, 2010, 152)
The text above tells that Alessandra is the best student among another student.
Mondino choose her, because he knows her skill. She chose Alessandra rather than
another student. Sheprovesthat women also have capability more than men. The idea
of feminism states that women have the capability as well as men. Mondino also pay
her as his assistant, thus she becomes independent by earning her own money.
Furthermore, she proves her ability to the world.She shows that she invents
The text above tells that Alessandra has been famous to the entire University
of Bologna, people gather to see the invention that she made. It shows that women
Feminism states that women and men has some capacity intellectuality, they
reject all of the statement that degrade women’s intellectual and capacity. It’s
“She spoke so faintly, only Otto could hear her. “Aristotle…,” she said, then
closed her eyes.
She pressed his hand and looked at him, and moistened her lips. “Although I
revere him, Aristotle was wrong about many things.”
Alessandra, with surprising strength, pulled him closer. “He was wrong about
the capacity of women.” He smiled at her, trying very hard not to cry.
“Spectacularly so!” “He said…” She paused, her lips parted, gathering
strength. “He said, ‘The courage of a man is shown in commanding, of a
woman in obeying.’ By that measure, Otto, I am a coward.”(Quick, 2010,
199)
Aristotle’s statement. She blames that Aristotle is wrong about women’s capacity.
She denies the notion of Aristotle that states “the courage of women is showing by
obeying men, the courage of men is showing by ordering”. She said that if she obeys
the rule from that perspective, so she is a coward. Men always dominate and have
power over women, men superior and women inferior. In order to proves that the
ideas is wrong, she against that idea and proves that woman is also has the same level
and capacity as men. By disobeying the rule in society that state women is the lower
32
creature and lower level than men. It’s showing her strong disagreement of
Patriarchal society.
The reflection of feminist can be seen through what she has done to go against
the perception of patriarchy, in proving the capability of woman and rejects the
notion that has degraded woman. Alessandra fights and struggles proving that woman
also have capability equal as men in patriarchal society. Her struggle implies that
woman also has the right and chances to expand their intellectual capacity.
main character reflects some feminism values through her resistance to patriarchal
ideology. First, she rejects the statement that states women as inferior. Second, she
proves that women capability as equal as men. It can be seen from her invention of
blood circulatory system. This novel wants to criticize the perspectives that degrade
A. Conclusions
A Golden Web is a novel that tells the story about young women scientist that
lived in 14th century, Barbara Quick as the author put some of feminism ideas to
criticize misogyny through Alessandra as the main character. After analyzing the
novel that focuses on the main character I found some conclusions. The main
character in this novel portrayed as the feminist that fought the discrimination
women viewed and placed as inferior in society, it creates the limitation for them to
get education. Second is marginalization where women cannot chose their job freely
they just can do the job at some kind of job such as noon and house wife.
clever, determine and optimist, her characteristic help her to fight the discriminate
situation. There are some feminism values that I found in this novel. First is the
rejection of statement that degraded women’s capacity. Feminist rejects the statement
that states women capacity is naturally inferior, it’s reflected through Alessandra, she
clearly rejects Aristotle treatise that degrades women capacity. Second is expanding
expand their potentiality. Feminist also states that women also have same chances to
get education. It’s reflected through Alessandra, she struggle to get education to
achieve and expand her potentiality, she decides to pursue her dreams to study
anatomy in university. She studies hard while working to earn her own money.
33
34
Finally she can prove that she also has the capacity as well as men. Alessandra
chosen by Mondino as his assistant for anatomy and she also proves her ability
the feminism idea that states women also have equal capacity as well as men. She
also reflected the idea that women should expand their potentiality through education.
B. Suggestions
researcher to reading the summary and the differences between the feminist ideas,
and then related it with the novel. Reading the novel many times is important things
to understand the novel and to know what issue that can be analyzed in novel. This
research has not been completely analyzed everyaspect or issue in novel. Thus, For
people who want to analyze another issue of this novel, I suggests to analyze the
main character uses the psychology perspective, since the main character really
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