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    RPH Mindanao in Pre Colonial Period

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    Kristine Marie Delos Reyes
    1) Mindanao was inhabited as early as 30,000 years ago. Various groups migrated to the island over millennia, including people from Indonesia and Malaysia. 2) Beginning in the 1500s, Islam spread across Mindanao from the Sulu Archipelago. The Sultanate of Sulu was established in 1450 and was the first Muslim state in the region. 3) Mindanao cultures incorporated influences from neighboring Visayan groups as well as Muslim traditions from areas like the Sulu Archipelago. Diverse indigenous groups known as Lumads lived across Mindanao prior to colonial influence.

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    RPH Mindanao in Pre Colonial Period

    Uploaded by

    Kristine Marie Delos Reyes
    171 views6 pages
    1) Mindanao was inhabited as early as 30,000 years ago. Various groups migrated to the island over millennia, including people from Indonesia and Malaysia. 2) Beginning in the 1500s, Islam spread across Mindanao from the Sulu Archipelago. The Sultanate of Sulu was established in 1450 and was the first Muslim state in the region. 3) Mindanao cultures incorporated influences from neighboring Visayan groups as well as Muslim traditions from areas like the Sulu Archipelago. Diverse indigenous groups known as Lumads lived across Mindanao prior to colonial influence.

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    1) Mindanao was inhabited as early as 30,000 years ago. Various groups migrated to the island over millennia, including people from Indonesia and Malaysia. 2) Beginning in the 1500s, Islam spread across Mindanao from the Sulu Archipelago. The Sultanate of Sulu was established in 1450 and was the first Muslim state in the region. 3) Mindanao cultures incorporated influences from neighboring Visayan groups as well as Muslim traditions from areas like the Sulu Archipelago. Diverse indigenous groups known as Lumads lived across Mindanao prior to colonial influence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    171 views6 pages

    RPH Mindanao in Pre Colonial Period

    Uploaded by

    Kristine Marie Delos Reyes
    1) Mindanao was inhabited as early as 30,000 years ago. Various groups migrated to the island over millennia, including people from Indonesia and Malaysia. 2) Beginning in the 1500s, Islam spread across Mindanao from the Sulu Archipelago. The Sultanate of Sulu was established in 1450 and was the first Muslim state in the region. 3) Mindanao cultures incorporated influences from neighboring Visayan groups as well as Muslim traditions from areas like the Sulu Archipelago. Diverse indigenous groups known as Lumads lived across Mindanao prior to colonial influence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    RPH 16-110

    (TTH 4:20- 5:50 pm)

    Abadiano, Celsa Shayne


    Barcelon, Antonia Mari Isabel
    De Los Reyes, Kristine Marie
    Montilla, Angelica Rose
    Quevedo, Rian Alfred
    Urquia, Juan Paulo

    MINDANAO DURING PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD


    ( 900- 1521)

    In the southern region of the archipelago, bounded by the Bohol, Celebes, and Sulu
    seas, is Mindanao Island, the second-largest island in the Philippines (after Luzon).
    It is irregularly shaped and 293 miles (471 km) long from north to south and 324
    miles (521 km) from east to west. The Davao and Moro Gulfs in the south and
    Iligan Bay in the north heavily border the island, also defined by peninsulas. The
    long, semicircular Zamboanga peninsula reached both the south and the north.

    At least 30,000 years ago, people began to occupy the Philippine archipelago.
    Additional migration happened during the next millennia after it is thought that
    migration from the Indonesian archipelago and other places started. In the widely
    dispersed islands, social and political organizations grew and changed over time.
    The barangay served as the basic unit of settlement (a Malay word for a boat that
    came to be used to denote a communal settlement). The barangay had large social
    divisions, including nobles, freemen, dependent and landless agricultural workers,
    and enslaved people. Kinship groups were led by a Datu (Chief). Chinese traders
    eventually joined the Indo-Malay migrants. A significant development in the early
    period was the introduction of Islam to the Philippines by traders and proselytizers
    from the Indonesian island. By A.D. 1500, Islam had been established in the Sulu
    Archipelago and spread to Mindanao. Islam was brought to the Philippines in the
    RPH 16-110
    (TTH 4:20- 5:50 pm)

    early period by traders and converts from the Indonesian island, which was an
    important event. The spread of Islam to Mindanao between 1450 and 1500 was
    part of the political goal of the Sulu sultanate. A Maranao oral report revealed that
    the first Tausug preachers reached the Lanao lake before the arrival of foreign
    Muslim missionaries, possibly the Malay preachers. This report is sufficient to
    establish the fact the Muslim settlements had gradually thrived in the Illana bay up
    to the lake area and the Pulangi valley. People from these areas were already used
    to coming to Jolo for trade as well as for Islamic learning. It is for this account that
    Sulu became known in history as the center of Islamic learning in this country.

    The full Islamization of the west coast of Mindanao was accelerated with the
    arrival of Muhammad Sharif Kabungsuwan. Like Abubakar, the first sultan of
    Sulu, Sharif Kabungsuwan is also an Arab and a descendant of Nabi Muhammad.
    His Malay sounding name attests his forefathers had settled a long time in Johor.
    Kabungsuwan and his followers arrived at Malabang in 1515. He was accompanied
    by a large group of Sama people who Kabungsuwan had passed by Tawi-Tawi and
    picked up some Sama people to accompany and guide him on his journey to
    Mindanao. This means that the coming of Kabungsuwan to Mindanao was not
    accidental. During this period, inter-island contact was already in place. Both the
    Sama and the Iranun had already explored the many sea routes in the Sulu
    archipelago.

    Not long after his arrival, Sharif Kabungsuwan established the Sultanate of
    Maguindanao, possibly in 1516. The rise of this sultanate is almost similar to that
    of Sulu and should be viewed as the culmination of Islamization in Mindanao. It
    RPH 16-110
    (TTH 4:20- 5:50 pm)

    was actually a political necessity. Clearly, the sultanate was adopted to consolidate
    the emerging Muslim communities.

    Few pre-colonial cultures are as diverse as Mindanao's, incorporating influences


    from the Visayans and the Muslims. Visayan culture has been a significant
    influence on Mindanao, from dress and worship to language and other values.
    Coastal settlements in Mindanao were very alike to the Visayans. Aside from
    Visayan influence, another element in Mindanao is its Moro influence. Until now,
    the image of Mindanao has been inseparable from Islam. As expected, considering
    the largest and most potent polities in pre-colonial Mindanao were Muslim. The
    Sultanate of Sulu was founded in 1450 and was the first Muslim state in the
    southern region of Mindanao. The establishment of this sultanate suggests that the
    local institution underwent Islamization. This sultanate was established over the
    existing foundation without altering it. This was a contributing factor to the Sulu
    Sultanate's power. The Sulu sultanate was set by Hashim Abubakar, who also
    served as its first sultan. Multi-ethnicity exists in the Sulu sultanate. Early in the
    18th century, when it was at its most potent, Sabah, the entire Zamboanga
    Peninsula, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and Palawan were all included in its domain.
    At the same time, the sultanate started to step up its diplomatic efforts with nearby
    Muslim leaders in China, Maguindanao, Buayan, Manila, Makassar, and Cebu
    (during the pre-Colonial period). Trade, friendship, and alliances in the armed
    forces all played a role in the Sulu Sultanate's international ties. In practice, the
    sultanate had sent diplomats to several locations and had even welcomed
    ambassadors from other nations.

    Established as early as 1001, Butuan was a significant power in the archipelago for
    centuries and a Chinese tributary state. The Butuans were outstanding with trading,
    RPH 16-110
    (TTH 4:20- 5:50 pm)

    and their location near the Agusan River allowed them to thrive in agriculture. It's
    hard to pinpoint precisely how wealthy Butuan was. Some researchers think
    Butuan was more affluent than the influential Srivijaya Empire in pre-colonial
    times. It is said that Butuan became relevant in Southeast Asian trading and was a
    crucial port in the area.

    The Lumad of Mindanao includes all the ethnic tribes and peoples who are not
    Muslims or Christians. From Manobo tribes to Subanon and all the tribes in
    between, they were the first settlers of Mindanao and boast a highly diverse and
    colorful culture that exists today. There is no singular Lumad culture; each tribe
    has its customs and beliefs, though some find common ground.

    The Filipinos had their armies in the Pre-Colonial era, separated among the islands,
    each with its own ruler. These forces were known as Sandigs, Kawal, and Tanods.
    The forces performed military operations as well as policing and coastline watch
    duties.

    People developed specific tactics and techniques to their benefit during the times
    when warfare was prevalent. This is illustrated by the term "Raiding." These raids,
    locally known as pangangayaw, are often yearly expeditions carried out by the
    community against foes and foes of their allies. The infamous "Scorched earth
    tactics" were employed against the Moro pirates from that island group, known as
    "magalos," which translates to "destroyers of peace," who were from Mindanao.
    Sri Lumay, renowned for his strict policies in defending against Moro raiders and
    slavers from Mindanao, was the one to carry out the act.
    RPH 16-110
    (TTH 4:20- 5:50 pm)

    Pre-colonial Filipinos used two kinds of swords for combat, which are the kris and
    the kampilan. The Mindanao and Sulu kris were seen to be superior to the Visayan
    kris, which in turn were thought to be inferior to the imports from Makassar and
    Borneo. On the other hand, the kampilan's blade is long, straight, and has a single
    edge that widens into a dual point. It was poisoned before combat, just like the kris,
    and the widely spread myth that an ancient alchemy was utilized to make the
    kampilan blade poisonous undoubtedly raised its market value. The kampilan was
    introduced from Mindanao and never created by Visayan blacksmiths. Those who
    had access to imported goods also had Japanese swords as weapons of war.
    RPH 16-110
    (TTH 4:20- 5:50 pm)

    Bara, H. (n.d.). The History of the Muslim in the Philippines.


    https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-com
    munities-and-traditional-arts-sccta/central-cultural-communities/the-history-of-the-
    muslim-in-the-philippines/

    Gaspar K. (2019) A SOJOURNER’S VIEW: Mindanao Histories and Studies


    Retreived from: https://www.mindanews.com/mindaviews/2019/09/a-sojourn
    ers-view-mindanao-histories-and-studies/

    Umali J. (2020) The Colorful Cultures of Pre-Colonial Mindanao Retrieved from:


    https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/mindano-culture-a2212-20200313-
    lfrm

    https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Philippines-history.htm

    https://www.britannica.com/place/Mindanao

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_achievements_of_pre-colonial_Philippines

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfare_in_pre-colonial_Philippines

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