V5 I2 2016 Paper15
V5 I2 2016 Paper15
V5 I2 2016 Paper15
Abstract: Differentiating cancer affected part in lungs and image and processing of image. Various methodologies are
giving proper solution to the problem are toughest job in carried out to extract the cancer affected part in the lung. This
medical field. Doctors face many problems in correctly research work discusses about the different research articles
spotting up of cancer affected area in lungs. Image processing that are carried out by various researchers in the literature.
can be a solvent for this type of issues, especially to identify The organization of the paper is structured as follows. Session
the cancer affected areas in lungs. Historical data of different 2 discusses about introduction and some of the related papers
types of lung cancer images are collected and image processing of image segmentation. Session 3 explores the lung cancer
methods are carried out for the identification of cancer affected image segmentation in detail. Finally, section 4 concludes the
regions in the lungs by the physicians and experts. This research work based on the results of related works of the
research work carried out a survey on the lung cancer data previous papers.
analysis done by various researchers. Also, it suggests the best
method and technique applied for the prediction of cancer in II. IMAGE SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES
the affected parts of lungs.
Image processing follows various steps in processing cancer
Keywords: Image Segmentation, Lung Cancer Data, Image affected parts of lungs. Image segmentation plays a major role
Clustering, k-Means Clustering, Fuzzy C-Means Clustering for every image processing process. In image segmentation
process, the digitally converted lung image has to be divided
I. INTRODUCTION into various regions. Usually an image segmentation technique
identifies objects, sets boundary and identifies other relevant
Image processing is one of the core area used for various regions in the image. This survey focuses on various steps
domains to identify cancer affected regions in lungs of MRI involved in images segmentation and researchers work on lung
images. Identification of cancer affected parts in lung is mainly cancer images. The image segmentation can be categorized
initiated with image processing techniques such as noise into six major types, which is very clearly shown below.
removal, feature extraction, identification of affected regions
and possible comparison with historical data of lung cancer.
Usually, digital image processing follows many techniques to
unite different shapes in image into single unit. In this article, it
is followed with clever bit technique for identifying particular
region in the lung image. The region identified through the
segmentation technique can be viewed from different angles
and with different lighting. The basic advantages in choosing
the technique is to identify, color difference between cancers
affected region and those not affected parts by finding the
intensity of images.
Nikhil R Pal et.al. Edge Displays gray scale image Human preferred Edges are not clearly define
[21] Detection level changes objects can be Very difficult to form a
Method implemented with boundary for images, but
fine region irrelevance in image can be
arrangements. removed.
Xu, Lei, et. al. [26] Edge Initially a straight line is Randomly pick two A curve expressed by a n
Detection taken and Randomized or n pixels and map parameter equation, instead of
Method Hough Transform (RHT) them into one points transforming one pixel into an
procedure is implemented on in the parameter. n-1 dimensional hyper surface
various curves. in the parameter space.
V. K. Dehariya et.al. Thresholding Image peaks are corresponds Image knowledge is Doesn’t work properly in nice
[22] Method to particular regions in not needed and image peak and plane images.
image. computational time No continues segmentation of
is reduced. regions is performed.
W. Jentzen., et al. Thresholding Optimum threshold obtained These findings are Phantom data analysis showed
[27] Method from the adaptive associated with the that the S/B-threshold-volume
thresholding method requires limitation of the curves of 18F-FDG and 124I
a priori estimation of the ITM. The ITM is were similar.
lesion volume from anatomic especially useful for
3
Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 05 Issue: 02 December 2016, Page No.172-177
ISSN: 2278-2419
images such as CT. lesions that are only
visible on PET.
Rastgarpour M. et.al. Region Separating, Counting, More effective noise Deals with computational time
[23] Dependent Merging and assembling detection technique and segmentation based on
Method pixel are performed. than Edge Detection splitting emerge pixel.
method
U. Nestle, et. al. [28] Region Data on the primary tumors The different We found substantial
Dependent of 25 patients with NSCLC techniques of tumor differences between the 4
Method were analyzed. They had F- contour definition methods of up to 41% of the
FDG PET during initial by F-FDG PET in GTV vis. The differences
tumor staging. radiotherapy correlated with SUV max,
planning lead to tumor homogeneity, and
substantially lesion size.
different volumes,
especially in
patients with
inhomogeneous
tumors
Yang Yanget.al.[24] Fuzzy Fuzzy operators, Fuzzy membership Calculation occupied in fuzzy
Method mathematics and function could be approaches could be intensive
implementation rules utilized to show the
degree of few
properties
Brown, M.S et. al. Fuzzy Nodules are detected from An automated Images from 15 subjects that
[29] Method among the opacities, modeled system was were not part of the
as inside the lung. developed for development set were used to
Morphologic closing is detecting lung micro test the system. Among these
applied to the lung so that nodules on thin- images, the truth committee
nodules that contact the chest section computed determined that there were
wall are enclosed. topographic images collectively 57 micro nodules
and was applied to smaller than 3 mm and 22
data from 15 nodules larger than 3 mm
subjects with 77
lung nodules.
Hill, D. L., et. al [30] Fuzzy The word registration is used Many registration The classical Procrustes
Method with two slightly different algorithms involve problem, i.e. T ∈ {rigid body
meanings. The first meaning iteratively transformations} has known
is determining a transforming image solutions. A matrix
transformation that can relate A with respect to representation of the rotational
the position of features in one image B while part can be computed using
image or coordinate space optimizing a singular-value decomposition
with the position of the similarity measure (SVD)
corresponding feature in calculated from the
another image or coordinate voxel values.
space.
Kuhnigk, J. M., et. al Fuzzy The exact localization of the Lung segmentation The preliminary intra- and
[31] Method lobe-separating fissures in procedure is fully inter-observer studies
CT images often represents a automated and conducted already indicate a
non-trivial task even for therefore does not low variability (Similarity >
experts. Therefore, a lung add to the user input 99.5%) of the generated
lobe segmentation method necessary for the results.
suitable to work robustly lobar segmentation.
under clinical conditions Since other methods
must take advantage of exist to fulfill this
additional anatomic task and we would
information. rather focus on the
lobe segmentation.
T.F. Wang et.al.[25] Neural Classification, Clustering and Could entirely Initialization might affect the
Network Neural Network are used. exploit the parallel outcome.
Method nature of neural net.
4
Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 05 Issue: 02 December 2016, Page No.172-177
ISSN: 2278-2419
IV. CONCLUSION algorithm," in Proc. Sixth International Conference on
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