ARMYPUBLI

CSCHOOL
CHEMI
STRYI
NVESTI
GATORYPROJECT

NAME:PRI
YAYADAV

CLASS:12TH C

SUBJECT:CHEMI
STRY

TOPI
C:CASI
ENI
NMI
LK

SCHOOL:APSRKPURAM
 CERTI
FICATE

Thisistocert
ifythatthi
sbio
log
yi nv
e s
tig
atorypro
jectontheto
pic
Casieni
nmi l
khasbeensucc
essf
ullycompl
etedbyPriyaYadavofcl
ass
t
h
12 Cu n
d e
rtheg u
ida
n c
eofMRSRANIPI LLAIinpar
ticul
arful
fil
ment
oft h
ecurric
ulumofCentr
alBoardofEducati
on(C
BSE) l
eadi
ngtothe
awa r
dofa nnu
alexaminat
ionfo
rt heacade
micsess
ion2022-
2023.
 ACK
NOWL
EDGEMENT
I
t’sn
otpos
sibl
etop
repa
reanass
ignmen
twith
outth
eassi
sta
nceand
e
ncour
age
me n
tofot
herpeo
ple
.Thi
soneisn
ocert
ain
lye
xcepti
on.
Onthever
youtse
to fthi
sprojec
t,Iwoul
dli
ketoexpre
ssmys pe
cial
tha
nkstoal
ltheperso
nageswhohavehel
pedmeinth
isendea
vor.
Withou
tthei
racti
veg u
idanc
e,hel
p,co
opera
tio
nandencou
ragement
,I
woul
dnothav
ema deheadwayinthepr
ojec
t.
Iamext
reme
lyt
hank
fulandp
aymyg r
ati
tud
etoou
rVi
cep
rin
cip
alMRS
.
PADMAJARAOforgi
vin
gmet h
iso
pport
uni
ty.
Iext
endmygrat
itu
det
omyt
eac
herMRS
.RANIPI
LLAIf
orh
er
va
luab
legu
ida
nce.
Ial
soac
knowl
edg
ewithd
eepsen
seofr
eve
ren
ce,mygra
titud
etowar
ds
MYPARENTS,whoh
asal
wayss
uppo
rte
dmeandmora
ll
ya swel
las
ec
onomi
cal
ly.
La
stbutnotthelea
st,g
rati
tud
ego
est
oal
lofMYF
RIENDSwh
ohe
lpe
d
meco
mp l
etin
gt h
ispro
ject
.
THANK
INGYOU
AI
M:
Tod
ete
rmi
net
hea
mou
nto
fca
sei
npr
ese
nti
ndi
ffe
ren
tsa
mpl
eso
fmi
lk
.
Milkisamu l
ti nu
trientflui
da nditistheprimarysourceofnutrit
ion
forhuma n.
Itc o
nsis
t sof80%o fprotei
ns.Thep r
oteininthemilkis
cl
assifi
e dintocasei
na ndwhe yprotei
n.Mil
kp rotei
nconsist
sof8 0%of
casei
na nd20%wh eyp r
otein.
Thef unc
tionofcaseinistoprovi
d eenerg
y
tohuma nbody.Thena meofcaseinisrel
atedt othefamilyof
phosphoprotein
s.Thesep ro
teinsarecommonlyfoundint h
ema mmalia
n
mil
k .
Thisstudyd eal
swi ththeprecipi
tatio
no fcasei
nf romthev a
rious
mil
ks amplessuchasc owmilk,goa
tmi l
k,buf
f al
omilka n
da l
sothe
samplesthata vai
ledf r
omt hema r
ket.Thete c
hniq
ueo fpreci
pitatio
nof
casei
nisu sedtop r
e dic
tt h
ep rot
e i
ncontentinthemilksamples.
I
NTRODUCTI
ON
C
asei
nisthemai
np r
otei
nconst
itu
e n
tofmilk.I
tc o
nsti
tutesabout80%oft he
t
otal
protei
ninco
w’smil
kandabout3%ofitswe i
ght.
Itgroupofp ro
tein
p
reci
pita
tedwhenthemil
kissl
igh
tlyaci
difi
ed.Itdis
sol
vesslig
htlyinwater,
e
xtens
ivel
yinal
kali
sorstr
ongaci
ds.Cas
einisacomplet
ep ro
t e
inme an
ingthati
t
c
ont
ainsal
lofth
ee s
sent
ialami
noacids
,whic
ht hebodycannotmanufactur
eonits
o
wn.
Whendr
ied,
itisawhit
e,amorphou
spowderwith
outtasteandodo
ur.I
tisamixe
d
ph
osph
opro
teinandoc
cursinmil
kascal
ci
umsalt(ca
lci
umc a
sein
ate)i
nthefor
mof
mi
cel
le.
Themicel
leha
san egati
vecha
rge.
Wh e
na naci
disaddedtoth
emilk,
the
ne
gati
vechar
gesareneutr
a l
ize
d.
C
alc
iumc
ase
ina
te+ →c
ase
in(
s)+ (
aq)
Thequanti
ty,quali
tyandf at-c
ontentfromthevariousmil
ksamp l
esdif f
erwi t
h
th
et ypeofp ar
ticul
arma mma l
sandt hei
rfodder.
Thec o
mp os
itio
no fmilkvaries
withacco
rdingtothea n
ima l
sf r
omwh ic
hitcomes,provi
dingthecorre
c tgrowth
ra
t eanddevelo
pme ntforthey oun
go fthatsp
e c
ies.Case
inisaslowd i
g es
ting
pr
o te
inanditwa ssuspendedinthemi l
kinacomplexcall
edmicell
e.Milk
co
mp osi
tio
nv ar
ieswi t
ht hestageoflocati
on,
a g
ea ndbreed.
Mi l
kiscollo
idal
natur
ed u
et othepresenceo fprote
ins.Thepr
o t
einsareheavymo l
ecules;t
h e
y
fo
rmc ol
loi
dswh endisper
se dinwaterme di
um.Thenitro
gencontentofmi l
kis
di
strib
uteda mongcasei
n7 6%,whenp ro
teinan
dn on
-protei
nn i
trogenis6%.
Appa
rat
usa
ndCh
emi
cal
s
•2
50ml
bea
ker
s

•F
unn
el

•Gl
assr
od

•C
hemi
cal
bal
anc
es

•Te
stt
ube
s

•F
il
tra
tio
nfl
ask

•Bu
nse
nbu
rne
r

•Di
ffe
ren
tsa
mpl
eso
fmi
lk

•1
%ac
eti
cac
ids
olu
tio
n

•S
atu
rat
eda
mmo
niu
msu
lph
ates
olu
tio
n
PROCEDURE

 Takeacl
eandrybea
ke r
,putin
toit2
0ccofcow’
smil
kandadd2
0
mlofsat
urat
edammon i
umsulph
ateso
luti
onsl
owl
yandwit
h
st
irri
ng.
Fatal
ongwithcas
einwil
lpr
ecip
itat
eout.
F
il
terth
eso
lut
iona
ndt
ran
sfe
rth
epr
eci
pit
ate
sina
not
her
b
eaker
.
 Ad
dab
out3
0ml
ofwa
tert
oth
epr
eci
pit
ate
.
 Onl
ycasei
ndi
sso
lve
sinwa
terf
ormi
ngmi
lk
yso
lut
ionl
eav
ingf
at
un
diss
olv
ed.
 Heatthemi
lkys
olu
tio
ntoabout40
˚Candadd1
%a cet
ica
cid
so
luti
ondro
pwise,
whenca
seinget
spr
ecip
itat
ed.Fi
lt
erthe
pr
ecipi
tate,
washwit
hwaterandl
ett
hepreci
pit
atedry
.
 We
ight
hed
rys
oli
dma
ssi
nap
rev
iou
slywe
igh
edwa
tchg
las
s.
 Re
pea
tth
eexp
eri
men
twi
tho
the
rsa
mpl
eso
fmi
lk
OBS
ERVATI
ONTABL
E
Vo
lumeo
fmi
lkt
ake
nine
achc
ase= .

 Theyiel
dofcase
inpre
cip
itat
edfro
mt h
evar
iou
smilks
amp
leso
f
go
a tmil
k,c
owmilka
ndbuffa
lomi
lkco
ntai
ns6
.4gm,
7.
8gmand4gm
re
sp e
cti
vely.
S
imi
lar
ly,
themilksa
mp l
esava
ile
df r
omt h
ema r
ketsucha
smilk-A
a
ndmil
k-Bwas6.8gmand5.
5gmr es
pecti
vely
.Thi
sshowstha
tt h
e
c
ase
inprec
ipit
atedfromtheco
wmi l
kcontai
nsmor
ea mou
ntof
c
ase
inpro
teinthanth
eg o
atandbuffal
omil
ksample
s.
 Th
elowera
mounto
fcase
ini
nth
ebu
ffa
lomi
lki
sma
ybed
uet
oth
e
mor
efatco
nte
ntinit
.
 Thediss
imi
lar
iti
esbet
weent
hemi
lksamp
les-Aa
ndBisr
eve
aled
th
a tthemark
etmil
k-Bma
ybeadu
lte
redwithwat
ero
ranyot
her
su
b st
ance.
CONCL
USI
ON
Thi
sstudycl
earl
yindi
cat
edthattheamountofcase
inp r
ecipi
tated
fr
omt h
ec o
wmi l
kwashig
herthanth
ato ftheoth
ermilksampl
es.The
qu
antit
ativeana
lysi
sofcas
einprec
ipit
a t
edfromthevariou
smilk
sa
mp l
esprovi
detheampl
escopetothecottag
echeesemanufact
ure.

Accordi
ngt otheresear
chfindi
ngs,
cowmi l
kcontai
n sthelarg
estamount
ofcaseinprotei
n .
Thus,
thecowmilkissuit
ablefort h
eb es
tmu sc
le
growthandb asi
cbodybuil
din
ga c
hievements.
Itwa sfoundthatgoatmil
k
conta
insthes malla
mountofcasei
npr o
tein.
Althoughthemineral
conten
to fgoat'
smi l
kandcow'
smilkisgeneral
lysi
mi l
ar,go
a t
'smil
k
conta
insmo recalc
ium,p
otassi
um,ir
on,magnesiu
ma ndsodium.Al
lmilk
haslot
so fcaseinbutther
ea r
ed i
fferenttypesofc as
einandfor
someonewh ohascasei
nsensi
tivi
ty,goatmil
kma ypr o
videan
al
t er
nativetowh ic
htheydonotreact.

PRECAUTI
ONS
:
 Handleapparatu
san dchemicalscarefu
lly. 
 Addammo niu
ms ul
phates ol
utionveryslowly.
 Sti
rmi l
kwh i
leaddingchemicals.
 Donotdisturbmil
kaft eraddingammo n
iums u
lphateso
luti
on
andwaitsomet i
mefo rfatan dcaseinto precipi
tateout
.
 Take the amount readings carefull
y wi thdigital
weigh
ingmachi
neonl
y.
BI
BLI
OGRAPHY
h
ttp
s:/
/en
.wi
kip
edi
a.
or
g/wi
ki/
Cas
ein
h
ttp:
//
www.mi
lkf
act
s.
in
fo/
Mil
k%2
0Co
mpo
sit
ion
/Mi
lk
%20
Comp
osi
t
i
on%20
Pag
e.ht
m
 Pa
tri
ci
aTr
uema
n,Nu
tri
tio
nal
Bio
che
mis
try
,In
dia
,20
11.
h
ttp
://
nem.
or
g.
uk/
che
m1.
htm