Physical Fitness,

5 Health and Wellness

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
5.1 Meaning and Im
Importance of Wellness, Health and
52 Components/Dinmensions of Wellness, Health Physical Fitness
and Physical Fitness
E Traditional Sports & Regional Games for
Promoting Wellness
The human being has a unique capacity through which
he always attempts to accomplish impossible tasks. He
is gble to achieve success to a great extent.
the physical capacity differs on the basis of Generally,
individual
Capacity, due to which every man is responsible for his
personal needs. Along with this, man tries to accomplish
arious tasks at the community level, along with his
personal goals.
To perform these tasks or goals, it is
necessary to be
well aware of the health-related
physical fitness of the
person. Physical fitness paves the path for the well-being
of a person and leads him to worthiness. These
things
are proposed to be discussed in the
present chapter.
Figure 5.2 Condition of Wellness
co-ordinating in all the spheres of life. Although
wellness has not been defined officially, only that person
can be considered well who is successful in
adjustment
and co-ordination. In order to understand wellness, let

fK
us discuss some of the following statements:
The condition of being physically and mentally
healthy may be called wellness.
Wellness is the condition of co-ordination between
society and environment of a person.
Wellness is a balanced living.
Wellness is a balanced status of a person's energy,
force, work and co-ordination.
Figure 5.1 Promoting Physical Fitness
Creativity of a person, innovation and acceptance
by the society is wellness.
5.1 Meaning and Importance According to the above statements, we can conclude
of Wellness, Health and Physical that wellness is that state of a person in which his
Fitness behaviour is balanced and he has the feeling of self
satisfaction.
.1.1
Meaning of Wellness There are many dimensions of wellness. For
Wellness means the ability of the person through example, physical wellness, mental wellness, emotional
c h he/she can live his life happily while wellness, social wellness, professional wellness and

55
 level which will enable everyone
achieve such a
environmental wellness. All these dimensions are and economically
lifewith enthusiasm socially
described in this chapter. of the above definition, we can sav
On the basis say that
In recent years, the popularity of the concept of health is the ability in which a person develon t
about he
wellness has increased and there is awareness of adjusting, changing and coping with t
qualities he
wellness among the people. The concept of personality dimensions of the environment, keeni
people ever-changing hg
development is changing into wellness and many the mind balanced
and and ka
ofthe profession. the body functioning eep
have changed this concept into a form
the person happy.
workshops
Multinational companies are conducting In simple words, we can explain health in this ay -a
and companies, so
for the wellness of their employees can properly
operate his internal organo.and
may be
enhanced. person who
that the productivity ofthe company beautiful coordination with his extern.
himself free can establish
Besides this, an individual is able to keep is healthy.
towards work environment, that person
trom tension. As a result. proceeds
s/he
healthy life.
efficiently, while leading a 5.1.3 Physical Fitness
defined as "the ability to carry on
5.1.2 Health Physical Fitness is
and alertness, without undue
different views about health, many
consider a daily tasks with vigour
There are energy to enjoy leisure tim
some consider a
beautiful
fatigue and with ample
strong body to be health while meet unforeseen emergencies."
health. presently, and to
body to be in different parts of the
Health is the harmonious Physical capacity is present
1. Ecological Concept: person for fulfilling needshis
body, which is used by
a
animals and
balance between trees, plants, a task without stress and
humans. Plants not only provide food, shelter, It is the ability to accomplish
circumstances, which a common man is
for humans, but also make in formidable
and medicines
goods
the surrounding
environment healthy and unable to perform.
the meaning of physical
beautiful. In order to understand
the following definitions:
Humans get food, meat, eggs, fish, poultry
etc. from fitness, let us try to study
"Physical fitness
animals. Woolen clothes are
obtained from sheep, 1. According to Edward Bortz,
of a r e capable for
leather, clothes and shoes etc. from the skin implies that the body systems
goat etc. satisfactorily."
animals, milk is obtained from cow, buffalo, carrying on their activities
Health is the absence 2. According to Cureton, "Physical fitness' means
2. Bio ecological concept:
of any disease in a person
i.e. if a person is not the capacity to do physical activities appropriately
then he is called as a and for a long duration."
suffering from any disease It is
healthy person. 3. According to Webster's Encyclopaedia,
routine work
The individual lives in the the ability of a person to do daily
3. Bio-Social Concept:
without fatigue; m o r e o v e r to participate playful
traditions. in
society, the society has its own customs, to meet
Each society has its own culture and person
a who activities and still reserve enough capacity
tradition
behaves according to the same customs, any emergency."
and culture is called healthy. 4. According to David R. Lamb, "Physical fitness
formed in a is the capacity to meet the present and potenta
4. Holistic Concept: Healthy family is
healthy environment, and a healthy body lives
in
physical challenges of life with success."
a healthy family, and a healthy mind resides
in a On the basis of the above definitions, it is clear that
s
with overall health
healthy body. That is, person physical fitness is that ability due to which person
a a

is called healthy. able to accomplish daily task happily without an

Ideal health: The word health is derived from "Sva- fatigue. And, he has a sufficient amount of energy I
Avastha", which means to live in a natural state of a doing extra work if required.
person. Health is a state in which a person can store which ma
Hence, physical fitness is that capacity,
his physical, emotional, intellectual power and can be presented through the parts of the body and whie
channelize this power to lead an ideal life. has the support of the muscles.
According to WHO "Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely ACTIVITY 5.1 measuriny
the absence of disease or infirmity." It has been defined Search for various factors which are helpful in
se
wellness of a person. Then evaluate yourself on all tne
broadly as health is the state of complete physical,
teacher.
mental and social well-being. It should be one's goal to parameters. Discuss your evaluation with your

56 Physical Education-XI
 Importance of
5.1.4 Physical Fitness and the body. The importance of good health in a person's
Wellness
life is undoubtedly great.
hysical wel llness is equally
as well as a common man.important for a
At the currentsports- A healthy person is a person who is able to
serve

p e r s o n

and wellness
fitness time, himself, his nation and his conmunity. An unhealthy
hysical become very person who suffers from illness
s e e s himself weak
ieal fitness mdividual important.
makes an
and meager, unable to properly carry out the duties
forming daily chores and wellnesssuccessful in
makes him and responsibilities incumbent on him.
in emotional
essful and other
the importan of
dimensions. Given *Good health for a person saves him the costs of
below is physical fitness and wellness: treatment and the hassle of going to hospitals. A
healthy person who is far from the disease sees
himself saving money that he would have spent
on the disease if he neglected his health.

Psychologically healthy people feel comfortable

and happy in their lives and enjoy life well. A
person who suffers from mental illnesses always
see himself as gloomy and pessimist and does not
feel happy in his life and in his relationships with
people.
Figure 5.3 Importance of Physical Wellness 5.2 Components/Dimensions of
A person performs his daily chores without any Wellness, Health and Physical
fatigue. Fitness
Physical fitness protects us from various
diseases like heart disease, diabetes, back pain, 5.2.1 Components of Wellness
etc. We discussed the meaning of wellness earlier in this
Physical fitness enhances efficiency. As a result, chapter. Now, we will discuss the factors of wellness,
a person becomes confident. which is given below:

Physical fitness strengthens muscles. 1. Physical Wellness: Physical wellness means

good physical appearance, ideal weight,
Physical fitness and wellness protect a person
feeling young, good body structure, etc. In
from tension. order to protect or maintain this wellness by doing
Physical fitness and wellness enhance efficiency. regular exercise, taking sufficient nutritious food,
They enhance work-related quality. rest, etc. an individual has to co-ordinate among
Physical fitness and wellness are helpful in these fitness requirements. Then only, one can
become well.
providing longevity.
Wellness is helpful in adopting a positive
attitude towards livelihood.
Physical fitness and wellness are helpful in the
uplift of a nation.
* hysical fitness and wellness are helpful in living Emotiona
a bright and enthusiastic life. Moral
nysical fitness and wellness contribute in Wellness
and fame of a
Cnhancing respect, honour Spiritual
Social
person.

.1.5 Importance of Health ppuDUH

ealth is the body's functional and metabolic efficieney,
id its ability to adapt to the physical, mental and social
Changes that it is exposed to.
does
person's physical health means thatall thebody of
the
not ave parts Figure 5.4 Components of Wellness
any diseases, and the safety of

Physical Fitness, Health and Wellness 57

 Wellness: En..
TOnmen,
Environmental
6. of physical sources,
wellness wellness means use
2. Intellectual Wellness: Intellectual
ability of a n beings in a istainable man
m e a n s the sound logical

individual. In this, an individual

proceeds
human
about its effect on nature.
For e anner a
towards creativity and curiosity through his logics
is aware

this wellness, co-operationa

among people
control pollution and useresou
nhancr,
As mental alertness is essential
for development solution to in
in skills judicious manner is essential Reuse and
and growth, in the s a m e way improvement
1s important so that a person may
be aware and of resources and produc and tree pla recyehin
enviro
can update himself with the
Wellness:
latest events.
This ability means
play an

wellness
important role to promote
nvironment
3. Emotional
showing balanced behaviour. In day-to-day 7.
Financial
Wellness:
properfinancial management
Financial
of a
wellness me:
we
near
stress and contradictory person
resouro.and
life, we face a lot of
balanced person is able his financial
situations. An emotionally ordination between
to live a balanced life without being
disturbed by fulfillinghis family needs. esides this, earnan
needs and its apnr
per the
contradictory situations money as
investments are the signiticant parts of f
priat.
4. Social Wellness: This ability means having
this wellness
financa
affects the nu
individual in the society. wellness. Lack of othe
a good position of an wellness factors.
It also means the ability to establish good
society. Good behaviouir 8. Spiritual Wellness: Spiritual wellness is elater
relations in the
towards the other people in the society, and to peace. In order to enhance th
spiritual
has to orient himself towar
having personal relationship, brotherhood,
a wellness, a person
included in this vices. One should eat
friendly behaviour a r e all virtues by giving up pur
behaviour makes himn food.
category. A person's good food by avoiding junk
a socially able person. This ability means characte
9. Moral Wellness:
formation. For this, a person's character shouic
5. Nutritive Wellness: Nutritive wellness
means

maximum energy through balanced, be moral, honest and disciplined.

One mus
gaining
nutritive and healthy food. A person
with this have a feeling of service, with integrity, be wel.
ability chooses his food on the basis of his age, behaved and have the feeling of dutifulness.
has the
gender and the nature of work. She
knowledge of nutrients found in different food- DO YOUKNOW
items. According to areport on Jan. 2021, the global wellness
market is valued at over $ 4.75 trillion.
ART INTEGRATION
In the jar or bottle, mix the clear glue and hot water
Add a very small amount of food colour to the water 5.2.2 Dimensions of Health
and mixture. Choose a glitter or object to add to
glue There are mainly three dimensions of health.
the mixture. Imagine the object or glitter represents
a feeling such as sadness, anger, fear, happiness, love
1. Physical Aspect:It means proper use ofthebou
as
or anything else you feel. Add that glitter or object
in each stage of life. In other words we can
to the mixture. Keep adding glitter or objects and call it physical capacity. That is, well organize
body is the combined combination of nutrientsa
assigning feelings to them. Fill the jar or bottle all the
way to the top with the hot water. Mix the contents physical activities. There is a balance betweel
se
together with the spoon or stick. Make sure the lid according to the amount of work/exercise
is on tight! Shake the jar or bottle and watch all the does, s/he should get the diet, only then s/he ea
objects interact. remain physically healthy. That is, proper
What sorts of things or events make the glitter and and adequate amount of exercise is phys
objects (emotions) in the jar/botle swirl? Say them out health. The metabolism in healthy childs Do
a
loud as you shake the jar/bottle. Notice how it is hard is smoothly functions and fully absorbs nutriet
to see through the jar/bottle with all these events going from food, ysical

on. Now, watch what happens when you keep the jar
making it easier to achieve py
health.
bottle stil. Does the water begin to clear? The samne
2. Mental statementi s
thing happens in our mind when we stop for a little Aspect: Plato's famous the
while and are mindful...bad or hard feelings start healthy mind resides in a healthybody". Makes
to go away and we can focus on other things that brain active and the health of the brain pro the
o v i d e s

make us happy or calm. readiness to the organs to work, due to whi

mind remains happy.
58 Physical Education-XI
 ad
Mind is such an invisible structure and reactions by participating
or dimension qualities, behavior
where thououghts, emotions and feelings in them with other persons,
activities o r situations.
d on this mind the mental health originate to participate in
social
and well-being It is very important
the child d has a positive and to play their part
effect. structure and activities
1 creativity can be promoted. And qualities A socially healthy
Through these in the welfare of the society.
alities, the child is able to such a s
keep himself stress- child has important life-useful qualities
ree. A stress-free mind or
self-satisfaction is the cooperation, leadership, discipline,
honesty and
basis of nmental health.
fair hehavior.
when the child 1s
engaged in sports around will find that in a society where
activitiesor
Ifwe look us, we

that provide health, then he

develops decision people have employment security
and whose cultures
making power, of
reaction power and have values like humanity, tolerance and the spirit
ability to face
society the
any situation.
"Vasudhaiva Kutumbham", then in such a

According to Thorndike, satisfaction enhances child lives a happyand harmonious life. Healthy child
learning. According to him/her, when a child takes responsibility and duty in the society and provides
a new direction to the thoughts and behavior of the
Darticipates in physical and mental activities.
society. Through social cleanliness, the environment
an alert mind is formed in him/her and due to
2wareness his learning speed is accelerated. This around us can be made peaceful and harmonious.
belief in the mind of a healthy and happy child A child who is starting life as a unit of his/her society,
It happens that s/he is ful of strength, it is necessary to include social qualities from an early
courage,
ability, so s/he is able to better display his/her stage and these qualities can be acquired by a child at
self-reliance, self-confidence and decision-making the same stage when his/her place of education, family
ability. and society are involved. The environment should
provide self-satisfaction and happiness and develop
The above qualities create a conducive environment
his/her ability and potential. Olympie Games in the
in the mind of the children. Due to which s/he gets
modern world is such. a structure which has provided
attracted towards the activity and absorbs him/
opportunities for brotherhood, harmony of culture
herself.
and harmonious supremacy of one's nation among
Negative qualities such as feelings of inequality the people of the whole world. The events have been
arise. established as a unique example of the healthy social
i)Emotional Aspect: The environment we create environment of human civilization.
by our behavior or attitude is called emotional
environment. Emotions arise from our feelings. 5.2.3 Components of Physical Fitness
That is, we should control our emotions as Physical Fitness depends on various components of a
well as make them positive, not that negative person. The physical fitness of a person is determined
feelings do not arise, Of course, but we should according to the capacity of these components. Physical
not let negativity dominate our emotions and fitness has the following components.
with determination we should create a positive
environment by converting it into positivity. Only
then we can remain emotionally healthy.
(i) Spiritual Aspect: The utmost importance of Strength
spirituality in human life there is an important
place. On the basis of spirituality, s/he decides
the goal of life. Spiritual health is that aspect of
s/ Physical
the behavior of person, on the basis of
a which Ficness
he tries to know the reality of life by setting the
goal of his/her life and moving forward on his/her
life. Mind, soul, behavior are all aspects of his
Flexibil ty
neither Speed
Personality and a r e related to each other,
t 1s possible to s e p a r a t e t h e m n o r c a n a n y one

be denied. Spiritual in our culture emotions

Spect
have a huge impact
refers
health
Social Aspect: The social aspect of his/her social Figure 5.5
Onow a person is able to harmonize

Physical Fitness, Health and Wellness 59

 activities/dvn.
In dynamic strength, the
Strength muscles is visible. Though, gradually, the : amism oi
are slackened. As a resuli the muscles are activities
The capacity of the muscles to overcome resistance
to continue the process ncessantly and the eunatle
Dynamic strengthayeris
pl
is called strength. Using maximum strength for
completing a task is known as muscular strength. have to relax he muscles.
which is given below:
three types

(a) Maximum Strength:

Use of maximu str
attempt 1s known as maximum stth
in one
For example,
lifting he maximum strength
weigh
i n o n e attempt. Thrht
throwing
discus

a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d
ivities, it is cle
activi
ugh the
maximum strength is the ability to h a
the maximum obstructions. espond
against

Figure 5.6 Strength

The capacity to Use strength in any part of the body
or the urhole body." -Barro
is the force which a muscle or a
"Muscular strength
muscles against an resistance."
Sroup of uses

-Mathews

Types of Strength
Different kinds of strength a r e required for various
of strength:
sports. The following a r e the types

Types of Strength
Figure 5.8 Maximum Strength
When the muscles work
(6) Explosive Strength:
Dynamic strength Static strength with speed and strength together, the strength
is called explosive strength. For examnple, javelin
in Handbal
throw, long jump, polo vault, shooting
and nerves
Maximum Explosive Strength
endurance
jump, etc. In explosive strength, muscles
need the co-ordination of a high level. Because,
at
strength strength
ther
that time, it is important that the muscles and
isotonic
1. Dynamic Strength: We also know that reflexes should be at the same time. Otherwise
activities increase dynamic strength. This type of cannot be used.
explosive strength
strength is used in most of the sports. For example,
pull-ups, push-ups, curling, etc.

Figure 5.7 Dynamic Strength Figure 5.9 Explosive Strength

Physical Education-XI
60
 ength Endurance: This strength is the continuously with
(c) S t r
For example, pushing the wall
nbination of two kinds of abilities. When a the parallel bars,
comba
maximum strength, hanging on
arSon uses muscular strength for a u s e of such strength
in
hand stand, etc. Generally,
riod, we call it strength endurance. It longer
means sports is negligible, though
such activities a r e given
scles are in a position to function in spite of in practice sessions by the players.
otigue. For example, long race, swimming for long
duration, long walk, cycling. ete

Figure 5.11 Static Strength

Endurance
Endurance means the ability to continue an activity
for a longer duration without fatigue. It is the
Figure 5.10 Strength Endurance
internal energy or capacity of the internal organs of a
2. Static Strength: It is called isometric strength. sportsperson, on the basis of which he has the capacity
In this kind of strength, a player is able to use his to continue an activity, in spite of fatigue. It means, on
muscles continuously, but it is not visible clearly. the basis of muscular strength, maintaining the activity
It means the movement of the muscles is not visible. of the muscles for a long duration.

Types of Endurance: On the basis of activities, the types of endurance are as follows:

Types of Endurance

Endurance on the basis Endurance on the basis

of the nature of activity of the duration of the activity

Basic Specific Speed Short Medium- Long-

endurance term term term
endurance endurance
endurance endurance endurance
al
endurance

Nature of endurance. It involves a large number of muscles.

*Endurance o n the Basis of the For example, general race, jogging, swimming,
Activity: Types of endurance on the
basis of the
ete. Basic endurance is the basis of a player's
nature of activity is as follows:
endurance.
player
Basic Endurance: The ability of the (b) General Endurance: General endurance is
through which he is able to continue an
that ability of the player through which s/he is
ctivity for a long duration is called basic
Physical Fitness, Health and Wellness 61
 able to accomplish a slow or fast activity Speed
m a x i m u m distance in minim.
without any fatigue. It means s/he is alble to Covering the mum tim
through which a player performs an activity
complete a variety of activities satisfactorily. This s
knOwn a s speed.
activity could be aerobic or anaerobic. as possible is
(c) Specific Endurance: The partieular ability of
the player through which he is able to perform an
activity that requires specific endurance, without
For
any fatigue is called specific endurance.
example, the specific endurance of the wrestlers
or weight-lifters is different from the specific
endurance of hockey or football players because
the duration and speed is different in both the
games.

Figure 5.13 Speed

person to perform patem

"Speed is the ability of
a

movement at a maxLmal speed."

and successive
-Barrow and McGe

"Speed is the rate at which a person is able to

or his body."
ordinate all the parts of his body
Johnson and Nelson
above-mentioned definitions, we
On the basis of
Figure 5.12 Endurance According to Nature of Activity can sum up that speed
is the ability, on the basis
Duration ofthe activities. In simple wori
2. Endurance o n the Basis of the which a player performs his
Endurance on the basis of the duration movement of the parts of body at a maximal speed
Activity:
of the activity is as follows: is known as For example, a punch in
'speed'. boxing
to perform an to catch the runner
(a) Speed Endurance: The ability moving steps fast in races, trying
is known a s speed in the game of Kho-Kho, etc.
activity at a maximal speed on getting 'Kho',
endurance. This can be walking at top speed for
Types of Speed
a short distance o r a sprint
race.
Given below are the types of speed:
Short-term E n d u r a n c e : It includes the
(6) to
activities which are performed
for about 2 1. Reaction Ability: The ability of the player
combination of react to a pre-determined hints/signal
minutes. So it can be called a known as reaction ability. It means, the reactu
endurance. Where speed
speed and short-term like pre-determined hint
u

is required, the activity has a long duration,

of the player in getting a
the minimum time is the reaction ability. Fu
the 800 m race.
after hearn
It includes short and example, running immediately
(c) Middle-term Endurance: the sound of the pistol. Reaction depends on
activities
long-duration activities. It involves ordination of the activities. Therefore1t
minutes to 1l minutes. It m e a n s
ranging from 2 called co-attentive ability. There are varn
with the speed. For
it needs endurance along audible and sensi
example, 1500 m race, etc. nts in sports, e.g., visible,
Reaction ability is divided into two types wnea
Endurance: It includes long
(d) Long-term as follows:
the activities
duration activities. It m e a n s
for a long duration.
(a) Simple Reaction Ability: It is the ability to rea
which are done continuously
ata tast speed on getting a pre-determineu
For example, 5,000 m races, 10,000 races, cross
m

etc. It needs more tolerance in or signal. For example, start in swimmiug

country, marathon,
comparison to speed. races, ete.

62 Physical Education-XI
 to cover
Endurance: This is the ability
. Speed maximum speed,
maximum distance at the
as
a s well
depends o n speed
n spite of fatigue. It medium distance
e n d u r a n c e ability. For
example.
race, football, etc.

Flexibility is known
Maximum extension of the joints of the body of
extension in the range
flexibility. It m e a n s the
as
the length
depends on
motion. Flexibility in the hody tendons, ligaments,
ot the muscles, structure of joints,
is essential for every
amount of fat and age. Flexibility
best
is im portant for the
activity. And good flexibility
of flexibility is
Figure 5.14 Simple Reaction Ability performance. For a player, the utility
the maximum range
present, so that s/he is able to have
(h) Complex Reaction Ability: Quick and this flexibility is helpful
appropriate reaction to an unusual clue or
ofmotion in his joints. Besides, and reducing pain
in protecting from injury, balancing
signal is known as complex reaction ability. in the lower part of the back.
Most of the teams in sports use this complex
Types of Flexibility
reaction ability. For example, in Kho-Kho, dosingg
by the runner or chaser, protecting from the The following are the types of flexibility:
punch of the boxers, goal keeper reaction to kick 1. Active Flexibility: Maximum extension of the
in football, etc. joints of the body is known as active flexibility.
at
It does not require external support. The angle
which an individual is able to turn o r twist the
joints of the body is taken into consideration. For
00 no
example, bending of the waist forward or backward
and sideways. It m e a n s at what angle cana person
turn or bend. Active flexibility is of two types.

Figure 5.15 Complex Reaction Ability

2. Acceleration Ability: It is the ability to achieve

the maximum speed from the stationary
condition. This ability depends on the explosive
strength, technique and flexibility of the player.
For example, sprint race, and some skills in
activities like gymnastics, football, hockey, Figure 5.16 Active Flexibility
handball, etc.
. Movement Speed: This is finishing an activity (a) Static Flexibility: This is the flexibility of an
n minimum time. This ability depends on the individual in a static position. One needs tlexibility
even in the statie position. In order to change the
technique, flexibility and co-
explosive strength,
Time spent on the movement is very
static position, flexibility is required in the joints.
rdination.
mportant in this ability. Lesser time taken in the For example, sitting, lying, standing. position
before starting a race, ete.
movement, better the performance.
to maintain (b) Dynamic Flexibility: This is the lexibility of
* Locomotor Ability: This is the ability
distance. For dynamic position. It is required during activities,
naximum speed for maximum
etc. when an individual is walking or
ample, sprint race, swimming race, boating, running. It is
less than static flexibility. It can be enhanced
n these activities, best performance is possible by
Only by maintaining speed upto the last movement. doing sttretching exercises.

Physical Fitness, Health and Weliness 63

 2. Passive Flexibility: Providing maximum range 2. Eye-Muscle Co-ordination: ion: For
For tthe
of motion to the joints through external condueting of an activity, appropriate proD
support is known as passive flexibility. For is required betwe the eyes and co-ordinati.
example, stretching both the legs with the support
muscle activities receive orders from scles. The
of a friend. Passive flexibility is always greate tissues through the sight| for accom sensitive
than active flexibility. In reality. the base ofactive a task appropriately. As esult,
individual do the activities smoothly
it mplishinthse
makes
flexibility is passive flexibility.
3. Coupling Ability: Coupling means
order to perform an activity efficientlyin that,
are to be coupled. This abh
parts of the body
essential for all the sports. But, in some s
orts,it
significance is greater. For example, in
restlingfo
and boxing, couplingof hands, head, chest and
is required.

4, Orientation Ability:The ability to orienttheparta

of the body in the desired direction as pert
gravitational force is known as orienta
ability. In simple words, gravitational Centre
Figure 5.17 Passive Flexibility is established in all the positions of the
According to this, moving the parts of body i body
Co-ordinative Abilities Definition and Types the
desired direction is orientation ability. Sunn
Co-ordinative ability is that ability through which a
we want to run. The orientation towards the
perform his activities
sportsperson is able to gravitational centre, taking the gravitational ani
successfully. There is better co-ordination between upwards, brings the gravitational centretoward
the muscles and nervous system of the sportsperson.
Co-ordinative abilities has an important role in the the ground, etc. helps us to run.
field of sports as the performance of the sportsperson 5. Balance Ability: Maintaining balance during
on his appropriate co-ordination. Greater the
the physical activities and balancing after geting
depends disbalanced is known as balance ability. For
co-ordination, better the performance.
example, balance on balancing beam, water sking
Types of Co-ordinative Abilities etc. Besides this, maintaining balance in other
1. Neuro-muscular Co-ordination: Co-ordination activities, like maintaining the speed of the body.
between muscles and nerves is essential for
is called balance ability.
accomplishing a task effectively. Our muscles
become active after receiving orders/information/ 6. Reaction Ability: Reacting quickly on geting
a cue is known as reaction ability. It is of two
the system, the through
signals from nervous or
medium of the waves. This ability is known as kinds:
co-ordinative ability. Without getting signals (a) General Reaction Ability: It is the ability
from the nervous system, the muscles are inactive react quickly on getting some cues.
or passive and cannot perform an activity. Hence,
(6) Complex Reaction Ability: It is the ability to

co-ordination in them is required.

respond accurately to unexpected signals, direcnor
or massage e.g. In any game the opponent reaco

immediately to the exact direction.

7. Rhythm Ability: It is the ability to do an
le.
activity in a rhythmic way. For exan
calisthenics, aerobics, gymnastic, ete. 5es
this, some activities are performed on the basis
em
movement, memory and the player performstu
in a rhythm.
sports
8,
Kinesthetie Ability: At higher level in she
a
the sportspersons are able to estimate on
on the

namie

basis of experience and

they become u
Figure 5.18 Neuro-muscular Co-ordination by their kinesthetic experience. As
a*
64 Physical Education-XI
 friends:
le
they a r able to perform the activity effectively. injoy these traditional games
with your
r example, in some sports, blind strokes are
m a d e . The receptor tissues are
helpful in carrying
out this ability.
a:fferentiation Ability: Doing a variety of
eivities together appropriately is known as
differentiation ability. For example, dance,
gymnastics, etc.

Traditional Sports and Regional

Games for Promoting Wellness

Traditional games are generally handed down from

oeneration to another. These games are not just
adults and older generations play to fill
forchildren astime 5.19 Traditional Games
Figure
leisure well.
as
their along with many others
Traditional games provided a reliable framework for These traditional games
enjovable play. as well as opportunities for creativity
promote the following:
1. Emotional Wellness: These games improve
our
and exploration. Many games were played on special
is, it will
occasions, such as religi0us ceremonies, or during mood. No matter how challenging a game

periods of inactivity. Some games were almost universal always make us feel better.
while many others were limited to a small groups of 2. Intellectual Wellness: Most of these games
e v e n though w e
Deople or region. The games were commonly associated require o u r full attention. And
more games w e play, the
with simple and unwritten rules. They illustrated a may not realise it, the
on traditions. Many of the social control
more we exercise our ability to focus.
dependency
associated with participation was usually informal 3. Social Wellness: Most traditional games require
and handled by players. There was a great range have
multiple players. And during gameplay, we
and diversity of games amongst the various groups. to communicate with players o n o u r teams and
The games helped to reinforce the culture and the those on the other team. This increases social
values considered important to the people. They often interactions and fosters better relationships.
promoted goodwill and interpersonal relationships. 4. Physical Wellness: All these games require
Finally, traditional games in India have a rustie and some level of physical activity, and this is very
local flavour to their method and techniques. Their
beneficial to our health. Playing games not only
names, as well as the style of playing, are seeped make us active but also keeps our weight in check.
heavily into the local, regional, and cultural nuances 5. Moral Wellness: Traditional games help us bond
of its surroundings. And hence because of this, often
these always become much more than mere time with everyone. We might even not know each

of building teams, other, but the game will bring us together. And
passing games. They become a means
of most importantly, that could be the beginning of
characters, strategies and a deeper understanding a lifelong friendship.
true core values.

SUMMARY
*Physical fitness is the ability of the body by which a person can complete his daily tasks without any fatigue and have energy

stored for emergency.

Physical fitness depends on various factors strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and coordination. Through these
Components, the person is able to perform tasks. These components of physical fitness reflect a person's performance.
ne wellness of a person motivates him to a prosperous life. The ability to co-ordinate and adjustment is called wellness.
Physical fitness and wellness is important for a person because physical fitness helps in fulfilling a person's dailytasks,
while wellness makes him succesful in emotional and other aspects. Every person has his own style of living, on which his
health, wellness and fitness are based.
Health is the body's functional and metabolic efficiency, and its ability to adopt to the physical, mental, and social changes
that it is
exposed to.
Physical Fitness, Health and VWellness 65