Aviation Security

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2022

AVIATION SECURITY
ASSIGNMENT 6

SUBMITTED BY:
ZAINAB ASHRAF
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR SAEED
AVIATION SECURITY:
“It is a combination of material and human resources and measures intended to counter unlawful
interference with aviation.”

IMPORTANCE OF AVIATION SECURITY:


Aviation security was a minor concern in the early days of aviation. But from time to time due to
the rise in security concerns, the federal government and the international aviation community
place a high value on aviation security. Aviation security is necessary because it implies,
 Protection of passengers, airport and airline employees, crew, general public from all
types of unlawful intervention.
 Implementation of all ICAO security measures to globally prevent and condemn unlawful
interference against civil aviation.
 Regular, mandatory, systematic and harmonized universal security audits to evaluate
aviation security in place in all ICAO Contracting States.
 enforcement of Aviation Security Mechanism for urgent assistance and follow-up
Assistance to States through Technical Cooperation Programme in addressing
shortcomings and deficiencies in a form of a long term project
AVIATION AN ATTRACTIVE TARGET FOR HIJACKERS:
Aviation-related activities were an attractive target for hijackers because of the inherent mobility
of aircraft, easily taking control of such a big entity in small quantity causing huge damage,
means of extortion, ransoms, and economic damage that’s why it was necessary to develop
procedures by ICAO to secure the aviation operations.

THREATS TO AVIATION:
LANDSIDE THREATS:
 Criminal activity is more common on the landside. This includes smuggling, theft, and
other activities directly related to aviation, but also ancillary activities such as identity
theft from travel documents or crime in airport-based hotels.
 Gain easy access to aircraft as stowaways.
AIRSIDE:
 transport contraband and humans illegally from one country to another
 Hijacking, oppression, terror.
 Harming the landing aids.etc

CIVIL AVIATION COUNTER MEASURES:


1. Legislative
2. Technical
3. Physical
LEGISLATIVE MEASURES:
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS:
Chicago conventions The Chicago invention of 1944 on international civilization was
instrumental in the formation of international civil Aviation organization on 4th April 1947.the
organization serves as forum for cooperation in all fields of civil Aviation among its 191
members states.it was signed on 7 December 1944.
Tokyo convention It was established in 1963 it deals with the offences that are committed on
board an aircraft in flight.
Hague convention Published in 1970. Made the unlawful seizure of an aircraft and international
offence.
Montreal convention1971. The primary focus of this convention was a sabotage of an aircraft.
1971. The primary focus of this convention was a sabotage of an aircraft.
MONTREAL PROTOCOL:
It was established in 1988 as a protocol for suppression of unlawful act of violence at airport
serving international civil Aviation.
MEX convention
1991 it deals with the marking of plastic explosive for the purpose of detection. Its primary
Focus is detection of explosives.

TECHNICAL MEASURES:
ANNEX 17:
To create an annex to the Chicago Convention that would establish SARPs for international
aviation security (with an emphasis on preventing hijackings), annex 17 was formed in 1975
after an extraordinary session of the Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) was held in 1970.
>Annex 17 forms the basis for all the rules and regulation that govern aviation security. The
main focus of Annex 17 is on administrative and coordination issues, as well as technical
measures to protect the security of international air travel. Each Contracting State is required to
establish its own civil aviation security program with any additional security measures that may
be suggested by other relevant authorities.
UNIVERSAL AUDIT SECURITY PROGRAMME:
July 2002, establishment of an Aviation Security Audit (ASA) Unit within the Air Transport
Bureau as an independent entity. Promote global aviation security through the auditing of
Contracting States on a regular basis to determine the status of implementation of ICAO security
Standards.
ICAO SECURITY MANUAL:
It contains guidelines how to implement SARPS provided by Annex 17.
PHYSICAL MEASURE THAT ENSURE AVIATION SECURITY:
Two main measures are anti-hijacking and anti-Sabotage
Anti-Hijacking: is all measures aimed at preventing the hijack of aircraft or aviation facilities
the responsibility for the implementation of anti-hijacking is generally he responsibility of state
security agencies or federal security agencies or agencies authorized by the state to carry anti-
hijacking function airport security police, state police and military.
ANTI HIJACKING MEASURES:
THERE are protocols that need to be followed to ensure complete security.
o Frisking of passengers and hand baggage,
o escorting of passenger to aircraft apron and perimeter security,
o security of catering items,
o surveillance in departure areas with the use of electronic aids,
o monitoring the airport with closed-circuit TV etc.

Anti-sabotage: is the implementation of measures aimed at preventing sabotage of aircraft such


as placing a bomb on board an aircraft or airport destroying radar or aviation fuel dumps. It may
be the responsibility of the state security agencies or agencies authorized by the state or even
airlines.
Anti-sabotage measures:
o Supervision of movement of registered baggage from check-in counter till loaded into
aircraft,
o anti-sabotage checks of aircraft at origin airport and guarding until takeoff,
o guarding of aircraft at transit station,
o prevention of access by un authorized persons by checking airport entry permit or pass on
the job supervision of all personnel security of aircrew baggage,
o security of aircraft document, bags catering items security, fuel security,
o cargo security on acceptance of last minute items by passengers.
o Passengers to ensure that they are sure of the content of their baggage.
Measures against terrorist attack:
o Aircraft in airport facilities
o Apron or access control
o Deployment of quick reaction teams
o Perimeter wall of standard height
o Perimeter road for patrolling
o Perimeter lighting
o Watch towers
o Efficient communication system.

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