Dbms
Dbms
Dbms
Management
Notes
Pdf
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Database
Management
Data:
It is a collection of information.
The facts that can be recorded and which have implicit meaning are known as
'data'.
Example:
Customer -----
1.cname.
2.cno.
3.ccity.
Database:
Database System:
Advantages:
1. Redundancy can be reduced.
2. Inconsistency can be avoided.
3. Data can be shared.
4. Standards can be enforced.
5. Security restrictions can be applied.
6. Integrity can be maintained.
7. Data gathering can be possible.
8. Requirements can be balanced.
Data Independence.
2. Efficient Data Access.
3. Data Integrity and security.
4. Data administration.
5. Concurrent access and Crash recovery.
6. Reduced Application Development Time.
Applications.
Database Applications:
Banking: all transactions
Airlines: reservations, schedules
Universities: registration, grades
Sales: customers, products, purchases
Online retailers: order tracking, customized recommendations
Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain
Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions
Many persons are involved in the design, use, and maintenance of any
database. These persons can be
classified into 2 types as below.
The people, whose jobs involve the day-to-day use of a database are
called as 'Actors on the scene',
listed as below.
e. Database Tuning:
The DBA is responsible for modifying the database to ensure
adequate
Performance as requirements change.
2. Database Designers:
Database designers are responsible for identifying the data to be
stored in the database and for choosing appropriate
structures to represent and store this data.
3. End Users:
People who wish to store and use data in a database.
End users are the people whose jobs require access to the database for
querying, updating, and generating reports,
listed as below.
a. Casual End users:
These people occasionally access the database, but they may need
different information each
time.
4. System Analyst:
These people determine the requirements of end-users and develop
specifications for transactions.
2. Tool Developers:
Include persons who design and implement tools consisting of the
packages for design, performance monitoring,
and prototyping and test data generation.
3. Operators and maintenance personnel:
These are the system administration personnel who are responsible for
the actual running and maintenance of the hardware and software
environment for the database system.
1. Physical Level:
This is the lowest level, which describes how the data is actually
stored.
Example:
The customer account database can be described.
2. Logical Level:
This is the next higher level that describes what data and what
relationships in the database.
Example:
Each record
type customer = record
cust_name: sting;
cust_city: string;
cust_street: string;
end;
4. DATA MODELS
The entire structure of a database can be described using a data
model.
A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for describing
Data models can be classified into the following types.
1. Object-Based Logical Models.
2. Record Based Logical Models.
3. Physical Models.
The explanation is as below.