Cloud Platforms

Module Number: 03

Module Name: Cloud Platforms Part I

Version Code: CC1

Released Date: 18-Jul-2018
Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

AIM:

The aim of this module is to enrich students with an understanding of public and private cloud
platforms and their impact.

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Introduction to Operating System

Objectives:

The Objectives of this module are:

• To explain public cloud platforms using AWS, Azure, Google cloud, and
Salesforce.com as examples.
• To explain private cloud platforms using azure stack, open stack and AWS
Greengrass as examples
• To discuss the seven-step model for cloud migration
• To describe the risks and risk mitigation methodology

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Introduction to Operating System

Outcome:

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• Discuss the various public cloud platforms and their importance.

• Explain the private cloud platforms using examples.
• Determine the impact of public and private cloud platforms
• Describe the seven step model of cloud migration
• Identify the risks of using cloud

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Introduction to Operating System

Contents • Open stack

1. Cloud platforms • AWS Greengrass
2. Cloud Platform Technologies • Impact of private clouds

• AWS 5. Cloud Migration

• Microsoft azure 6. Risks
• Google Cloud Platform
• Salesforce.com
3. Impact of cloud platforms
4. Private Cloud Platforms
• Microsoft Microsoft Azure stack

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Cloud Platforms

What is Cloud Platform?

A cloud platform is a platform to let developers write applications that run in the cloud, or
use services provided from the cloud, or both. It is also called as on-demand platform and
platform as a service (PaaS).

NIST defines PaaS as “Platform as a Service is the ability to provide a computing

environment and the related development and deployment stack needed to deliver a
solution to the consuming customer.”

A typical Cloud platform includes a Cloud application hosting server and a cloud storage
device as database. Many also offer additional services such as customizable load
balancing and relational databases.

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Introduction to Operating System

Why to use Cloud Platforms? Developing in the cloud

enables users to get their
applications to market
quickly. Hardware failures do
not result in data loss because
Why to use cloud of networked backups.
platforms?
Cloud computing uses
remote resources,
saving organizations
the cost of servers and
other equipment.

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Introduction to Operating System

Evaluating cloud platforms

The criteria to be considered while evaluating cloud platforms are:

• Performance: Cloud providers deliver different application performance results based on geographic
location and cloud platform architecture. You should expect a cloud provider in your region to offer lower
latency Internet access to your applications. Some cloud providers may allow applications to be hosted in
one or more geographic locations. That may be especially important for business continuity purposes, or
if the applications are being accessed by a global user base.

• Technology Stack: Cloud providers have focused their services on a particular software stack, such as
Microsoft Azure for .NET. If your application is built using one of these stacks, using these platforms can
offer tremendous savings.

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Introduction to Operating System

Evaluating cloud platforms

The criteria to be considered while evaluating cloud platforms are:

• Service level agreements and Reliability: Some service providers guarantee higher levels of service to
have a better edge over other providers. Although SLA is a good indicator of the provider’s commitment,
its better to rely on customer testimonials for reliability. Comparison services such as CloudSlueth and
CloudHarmony can also provide long term statistics.

• Cost: Cost is also one of the important factors that should be compared before opting for any cloud
platform. The primary driver behind most businesses moving to the cloud is to save money. Almost all
cloud providers offer a utility-based pricing model where you can use the resources you need and then
simply pay for the resources that you use. Generally, customers are paying for resources on an hourly or
monthly basis. When comparing, three pricing dimensions should be considered: computing, storage and
bandwidth.

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Cloud Platforms

Cloud Platform Technologies

Some of the central players of Cloud Platform Technologies are:

• Amazon Web Services

• Microsoft Azure
• Google Cloud Platform
• Salesforce.com

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Cloud Platforms

Amazon Web Services

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Cloud Platforms

Amazon Web Services

• Compute
• Storage
• Databases and Data management
• Migration and Hybrid cloud
• Networking
• Development tools and application services
• Management and Monitoring
• Security and Governance
• Big data management and Analytics
• Artificial intelligence
• Mobile development
• Messages and Notifications
• Other services
• AWS pricing models 12
Cloud Platforms

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

• Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive, evolving cloud computing platform provided by
Amazon. It provides a mix of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and
packaged software as a service (SaaS) offerings.

• AWS was launched in 2006 from the internal infrastructure that Amazon.com built to handle its online
retail operations.

• AWS was one of the first companies to introduce a pay-as-you-go cloud computing model that scales
to provide users with compute, storage or throughput as needed.

• Amazon Web Services provides services from dozens of data centers spread across availability zones
(AZs) in regions across the world. An AZ represents a location that typically contains multiple physical
data centers, while a region is a collection of AZs in geographic proximity connected by low-latency
network links.
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Cloud Platforms

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

The building blocks of EC2, EBS, S3,

etc. provide IaaS functionality, in fact
AWS is the leader in this category.
From there on, rather than adopting a
discrete binary approach of IaaS vs
PaaS, AWS has done a great job of
viewing it as a continuum and has
introduced several services in the
middle:

• DBaaS – Database as a Service

• FSaaS – File System as a Service

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Cloud Platforms

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services

Amazon Web Services is comprised of more than 100 services grouped into categories:

1. AWS Compute:

• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) provides virtual servers, called instances, for compute capacity.
• The EC2 service offers dozens of instance types with varying capacities and sizes, tailored to specific
workload types and applications, such as memory-intensive and accelerated-computing jobs.
• AWS also provides an Auto Scaling tool to dynamically scale capacity to maintain instance health and
performance.
• A developer can also use AWS Lambda for server-less functions that automatically run code for applications
and services.
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk can be used for PaaS.
• AWS also includes Amazon Lightsail which provides virtual private servers, and AWS Batch which
processes a series of jobs.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services
2. Storage:
When it comes to storage Amazon provides:

• S3 Storage for storing objects

• Organizations can opt for S3 infrequent storage to save costs

• Glacier for long term cold storage of data

• Amazon Elastic File System offers managed cloud-based file storage

• Amazon Elastic Block Storage for block-level storage

• A business can also migrate data to the cloud via physical storage transport devices, such as AWS Snowball
and Snowmobile, or use AWS Storage Gateway to enable on-premises apps to access cloud data.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – Snow Family

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services - Snowball

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services:

3. Databases and data management:

AWS provides managed database services through its Amazon Relational Database Service, which
includes options for Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB and a proprietary high-
performance database called Amazon Aurora. AWS offers managed NoSQL databases through Amazon
DynamoDB.

4. Migration, hybrid cloud:

AWS includes various tools and services designed to help users migrate applications, databases, servers,
and data onto its public cloud. The AWS Migration Hub provides a location to monitor and manage
migrations from on premises to the cloud. Once in the cloud, EC2 Systems Manager helps an IT team
configure on-premises servers and AWS instances.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services:

5. Networking:

An Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) gives an administrator control over a virtual network to use
an isolated section of the AWS cloud. AWS automatically provisions new resources within a VPC for
extra protection.
Admins can balance network traffic with AWS load balancing tools, including Application Load
Balancer and Network Load Balancer.

AWS also provides a domain name system called Amazon Route 53 that routes end users to
applications.
Users can establish a dedicated connection from an on-premises data center to the AWS cloud via AWS
Direct Connect.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – Virtual Private Network

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – Route53

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services
6. Development tools and application services:

AWS command-line tools and software development kits (SDKs) can be used to deploy and manage
applications and services. The AWS Command Line Interface is Amazon's proprietary code interface.
A developer can also use AWS Tools for Powershell to manage cloud services from Windows
environments and AWS Serverless Application Model to simulate an AWS environment to test Lambda
functions.
AWS SDKs are available for a variety of platforms and programming languages, including Java, PHP,
Python, Node.js, Ruby, C++, Android, and iOS.

Amazon API Gateway enables a development team to create, manage, and monitor custom APIs that let
applications access data or functionality from back-end services. API Gateway manages thousands of
concurrent API calls at once.
A development team can also create continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines with
services like AWS CodePipeline, AWS CodeBuild, AWS CodeDeploy and AWS CodeStar.
A developer can also store code in Git repositories with AWS CodeCommit and evaluate the
performance of microservices-based applications with AWS X-Ray. 24
Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – Software Development Kits

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services:
7. Management and Monitoring:

An admin can manage and track cloud resource configuration via AWS Config and AWS Config Rules. Those
tools, along with AWS Trusted Advisor, can help an IT team avoid improperly configured and needlessly
expensive cloud resource deployments.

An admin can automate infrastructure provisioning via AWS CloudFormation templates, and also use AWS
OpsWorks and Chef to automate infrastructure and system configurations.

An AWS customer can monitor resource and application health with Amazon CloudWatch and the AWS
Personal Health Dashboard, and also use AWS CloudTrail to retain user activity and application programming
interface (API) calls for auditing.
Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – management console

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services
8. Security and Governance:

AWS provides a range of services for cloud security, including AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM),
which allows admins to define and manage user access to resources.

An admin can also create a user directory with Amazon Cloud Directory, or connect cloud resources to an
existing Microsoft Active Directory with the AWS Directory Service. AWS enables a business to establish and
manage policies for multiple AWS accounts.

Amazon Inspector analyzes an AWS environment for vulnerabilities that might impact security and compliance.
Amazon Macie uses machine-learning technology to protect sensitive cloud data.

AWS also includes tools and services that provide software- and hardware-based encryption, protect against
DDoS attacks, provision Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security certificates and filter potentially
harmful traffic to web applications.
Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – Security

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services:

9. Big data management and analytics

AWS includes a variety of big data analytics and application services. Amazon Elastic MapReduce
offers a Hadoop framework to process large amounts of data, while Amazon Kinesis provides several
tools to process and analyze streaming data.

AWS Glue is a service that handles extract, transform, and load jobs, while the Amazon Elasticsearch
Service enables a team to perform application monitoring, log analysis, and other tasks with the open
source Elasticsearch tool.

To query data, an analyst can use Amazon Athena for S3, and then visualize data with Amazon
QuickSight.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – bigdata portfolio

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services:

10. Artificial intelligence

AWS offers a range of AI model development and delivery platforms, as well as packaged AI-based
applications.
The Amazon AI suite of tools includes:
• Amazon Lex for voice and text chatbot technology
• Amazon Polly for text-to-speech translation
• Amazon Rekognition for image and facial analysis.
• AWS also provides technology for developers to build smart apps that rely on machine-learning
technology and complex algorithms.

On the consumer side, AWS technologies power the Alexa Voice Services, and a developer can use the
Alexa Skills Kit to build voice-based apps for Echo devices.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – Artificial intelligence

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services:

11. Mobile Development

The AWS Mobile Hub offers a collection of tools and services for mobile app developers, including the
AWS Mobile SDK, which provides code samples and libraries.

A mobile app developer can also use Amazon Cognito to manage user access to mobile apps.

Amazon Pinpoint to send push notifications to application-end users and then analyze the effectiveness
of those communications.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – Artificial intelligence

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services:

12. Messages and Notifications

AWS messaging services provide core communication for users and applications.

Amazon Simple Queue Service is a managed message queue that sends, stores, and receives messages
between components of distributed applications to ensure that the parts of an application work as
intended.

Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) enables a business to send pub-sub messages to endpoints,
such as end users or services. SNS includes a mobile messaging feature that enables push messaging to
mobile devices.
Amazon Simple Email Service provides a platform for IT professionals and marketers to send and
receive emails.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Services – SNS

Cloud Platforms

AWS Services:

13. Other services

Amazon Web Services has a range of business productivity SaaS options.

The Amazon Chime service enables online video meetings, calls, and text-based chats across devices. A
business can also take advantage of Amazon WorkDocs, a file storage and sharing service, and Amazon
WorkMail, a business email service with calendaring features.

Desktop and streaming application services include Amazon WorkSpaces, a remote desktop-as-a-service
platform, and Amazon AppStream, a service that lets a developer stream a desktop application from
AWS to an end user's web browser.

AWS also has a variety of services that enable internet of things (IoT) deployments. The AWS IoT
service provides a back-end platform to manage IoT devices and data ingestion to other AWS storage and
database services. The AWS IoT Button provides hardware for limited IoT functionality, and AWS
Greengrass brings AWS compute capabilities to IoT devices.
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Cloud Platforms

AWS pricing models

• AWS offers a pay-as-you-go model for its cloud services either on a per-hour or a per-second basis.
• There is also an option to reserve a set amount of compute capacity at a discounted price for
customers who prepay in whole, or who sign up for one- or three-year usage commitments.

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Cloud Platforms

Microsoft Windows Azure

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Cloud Platforms

Microsoft Windows Azure

• Microsoft Azure, formerly known as Windows Azure, is a Microsoft's public cloud computing
platform.

• Azure is Microsoft’s PaaS strategy that was announced in 2008. Microsoft defines the Azure platform
as “an Internet-scale cloud services platform hosted in Microsoft data centers, which provides
an operating system and a set of developer services that can be used individually or together.”

• It provides a range of cloud services, including those for compute, analytics, storage, and
networking. Users can pick and choose from these services to develop and scale new applications, or
run existing applications, in the public cloud.

• For interoperability, Microsoft supports various Internet protocols, including HTTP, REST, SOAP,
and XML.

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Cloud Platforms

Azure platform
The Azure platform is composed of four different components:

• Windows Azure: This Windows environment runs applications locally and stores the related data on
servers inside the Microsoft data center.
• Microsoft .NET Services: These are the same .Net services that Microsoft has in its Windows
environment. It has been extended to support cloud-based as well as on-premise applications.

• Microsoft SQL Services: These are the same data services Microsoft offers on premise that have been
extended to the cloud. However, if you want to take advantage of Azure’s scaling capability, you must
rewrite the SQL code. The goal of SQL services is to provide an asset of cloud-based approaches for
storing the data in the cloud. The data services expose both SOAP and REST interfaces as data access
methods. For data storage, Azure does not use a relational model.

• Live Services: This set of services allows developers to connect code developed in the Windows Live
platform into the cloud. These services include a framework intended to integrate, connect, and
synchronize code. The platform also includes support for different programming languages and allows
all resources to include a URL address. 42
Cloud Platforms

Azure platform

When you put the pieces together, Microsoft has created a platform that allows developers to use familiar
tools such as Microsoft’s Visual Studio and .Net services and then store the data in a Microsoft-owned cloud
platform.

Microsoft has a pay-as-you-go consumption model for its PaaS offering. Microsoft does not charge for
development and testing phases. It begins charging customers when the applications are deployed.

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Cloud Platforms

Google Cloud Platform

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Cloud Platforms

Google Cloud Platform

• Google Cloud Platform is a suite of public cloud computing services offered by Google.
• Google Cloud Platform services can be accessed by software developers, cloud administrators, and other
enterprise IT professionals over the public internet or through a dedicated network connection.
• Google Cloud Platform offers services for compute, storage, networking, big data, machine learning, and
the internet of things (IoT), as well as cloud management, security, and developer tools.

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Cloud Platforms

Google Cloud Platform

The core cloud computing products in Google Cloud Platform include:

• Google Compute Engine, which is an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) offering that provides users with
virtual machine instances for workload hosting.

• Google App Engine, which is a platform as a service (PaaS) offering that gives software developers
access to Google's scalable hosting. Developers can also use a software developer kit (SDK) to develop
software products that run on App Engine.

• Google Cloud Storage, which is a cloud storage platform designed to store large, unstructured data sets.
Google also offers database storage options, including Cloud Datastore for NoSQL non-relational
storage, Cloud SQL for MySQL fully relational storage and Google's native Cloud Bigtable database.

• Google Container Engine, which is a management and orchestration system for Docker containers that
runs within Google's public cloud. Google Container Engine is based on the Google Kubernetes
container orchestration engine.
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Cloud Platforms

Salesforce.com

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Cloud Platforms

Salesforce.com
• Salesforce.com is best known for its Salesforce customer relationship management (CRM) product,
which is composed of Sales Cloud, Service Cloud, Marketing Cloud, Commerce Cloud, Analytics
Cloud, IoT Cloud, App Cloud, Health Cloud, Financial Services Cloud, Force.com, and Chatter.

• Cloud services: Salesforce Sales Cloud manages contact information and integrates social media and
real-time customer collaboration through Chatter. It supports sales, marketing, and customer support in
both B2B and B2C contexts. Sales Cloud helps track customer information and interactions in one place,
automates complex business processes, keeps all information up to date, nurtures leads and tracks the
effectiveness of marketing campaigns.

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Cloud Platforms

Salesforce.com Services

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Cloud Platforms

Salesforce.com Services
1. Cloud Services helps track customer information and interactions. It supports sales, marketing, and
customer support in both B2B and B2C contexts.

2. Marketing Cloud helps personalize email marketing, engage mobile messaging, generally manage ad
campaigns for customer acquisition, and create a one-to-one customer journeys across channels.

3. Service Cloud is a service platform for customer service and support. It includes a call center-like case
tracking feature and a social networking plug-in for conversation and analytics. It enables faster resolving
of customer problems.

4. Community Cloud helps build communities which include customers, employees, and partners for
developing deeper customer relationships. It allows customers to interact with each other, increase sales by
connecting partners and boost employee productivity through online collaboration.

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Cloud Platforms

Salesforce.com Services
5. Commerce Cloud allows businesses to manage digital commerce with integrated solutions for commerce,
point of sale, and order management.

6. Analytics Cloud is a business intelligence platform that allows organizations to instantly get important
answers and start making data-driven decisions.

7. Salesforce App Cloud is a collection of development tools that allows developers to quickly create
applications that will run on the Salesforce platform.

8. Salesforce IoT Cloud is a platform in Salesforce.com that harnesses the power of the internet of things
(IoT) and turns data generated by customers, devices, partners, and sensors into meaningful action. It
allows users to process massive quantities of data, build rules with intuitive tools and engage with
customers in real time.

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Cloud Platforms

Salesforce.com Services
9. Salesforce Financial Services Cloud helps deliver experiences that drive client loyalty through
personalized tools, allows more visibility into existing household opportunities and the ability to track
referrals, allows instant access to all client data in one central location, and addresses regulatory
compliance.

9. Salesforce Health Cloud is a health IT CRM system that incorporates record management services with
the doctor–patient relationship. Health cloud creates an individual profile from each member including
demographics, communications, and any other pertinent information all in one location. Allows patients to
track progress toward health goals and care plans.

10. Chatter is an enterprise social network within the Salesforce platform. It helps drive productivity by
connecting employees wherever they are.

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Cloud Platforms

Private Cloud Platforms

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Cloud Platforms

Private Cloud
• A private cloud is a particular model of cloud computing that involves a distinct and secure cloud-based
environment in which only the specified client can operate.

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Cloud Platforms

Private Cloud Platforms

There are a host of platforms available for implementing private clouds. We will study the following three in
this chapter:

• Microsoft Azure stack

• Open stack
• AWS Greengrass

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Cloud Platforms

Microsoft Azure stack

• Microsoft Azure Stack is an integrated platform of hardware and software that delivers Microsoft Azure
public cloud services in a local data center.

• Azure Stack offers both infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) for companies
that develop web apps.

• With this consistent application development platform, developers can build and deploy applications the
same way to the private or public cloud.

• A private cloud based on Azure gives developers a consistent platform to build, test and update applications.
The company can push the apps to either the Azure public cloud or keep them on-premises with Azure
Stack.

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Cloud Platforms

Microsoft Azure stack

• Azure Stack runs Azure identity services such as Azure Active Directory and Active Directory Federation
Services.

• Azure Stack supports tools such as Azure Backup and System Center Data Protection Manager for backup
and restore operations, and integrates with Azure Site Recovery for replication and failover.

• Pricing for Azure Stack services is based on a consumption model similar to Microsoft Azure in which fees
only applies when the organization uses the services.

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Cloud Platforms

Open Stack

• Red Hat OpenStack Platform is a commercially supported distribution of open source OpenStack software
designed to build and manage large pools of compute, storage, and networking resources in public and
private clouds.

• Red Hat OpenStack Platform provides access to open source projects, or tools, to enable core computing
services in public and private clouds. OpenStack uses a consistent set of application programming interfaces
(APIs) to pool and manage virtualized resources, such as storage, CPU, and RAM. Users deploy different
OpenStack projects in a modular fashion depending on the resources they want to virtualize and the types of
cloud services they need to enable.

• The Red Hat OpenStack Platform has a director tool set to enable users to install, operate, upgrade, and
manage a cloud deployment.

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Cloud Platforms

Open Stack

• The director is based on the open source OpenStack project known as TripleO (OpenStack on OpenStack).
The Red Hat OpenStack Platform director makes use of the concepts of an undercloud and an overcloud.

• The undercloud is the main director node that provisions and controls the OpenStack nodes in a cloud
environment.
• The overcloud is the clustered server environment a user creates through the director's undercloud.
Default overcloud roles include Controller, Compute, and Storage nodes that each make use of different
OpenStack technologies and additional open source software.

• The Controller nodes provide administration, networking and high availability (HA) to the OpenStack
cloud environment.

• The undercloud and overcloud require access to Red Hat storage repositories through either the Red Hat
Content Delivery Network or a Red Hat Satellite system management server. 59
Cloud Platforms

Open Stack Platform

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Cloud Platforms

Open Stack Platform

Core OpenStack projects available through the

Red Hat platform are:
• Nova for compute
• Neutron for networking
• Swift for object storage
• Cinder for block storage
• Manila for file storage
• Glance for virtual machine image
discovery and storage
• Keystone for identity management.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Greengrass
• AWS Greengrass is a service that extends Amazon Web Services functionality to Internet of Things (IoT)
devices, allowing a business to perform data collection and analysis closer to its origin. An IT team defines
and configures Greengrass devices, permissions, applications, and updates from the Amazon Web Services
public cloud.

• A developer can write AWS Lambda functions and deploy them for Greengrass. The Lambda functions
then execute locally on Greengrass devices when data is received from events or cloud messages.
Greengrass secures data with authentication and authorization at both the network- and device-level.

• The two primary software packages for AWS Greengrass are:

• AWS Greengrass Core
• AWS IoT Device SDK

• Devices that run AWS Greengrass Core and the AWS IoT Device SDK interact with each other to form a
Greengrass Group.
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Cloud Platforms

AWS Greengrass
• AWS Greengrass Core software supports the local execution of applications based on Lambda functions.

• The AWS IoT Device SDK enables devices to connect and interact with the Greengrass Core. The AWS
IoT Device SDK supports C++ for Greengrass and can run on any device that supports Transport Layer
Security.

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Cloud Platforms

AWS Greengrass

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Cloud Platforms

Impact of Cloud Platforms

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Cloud Platforms

Impact of Cloud Platforms

As the cloud computing market expands and develops, cloud computing is expected to impact business in five
distinct ways: economically, operationally, technologically, culturally, and in terms of security
management.

• Economical impact: businesses will begin to realize savings and economies of scale as they begin to pay
only for the services they use.

• Operational impact: lessening of control for IT managers, as the majority of IT maintenance and support
will be outsourced to cloud providers. Cloud providers will provide standard options and packages for
maintenance and support, but the offerings will be much less collaborative than traditional service provider
applications. On the plus side, increased agility, scalability, and changes in billing models will benefit
organizations adopting cloud-based applications.

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Cloud Platforms

Impact of Cloud Platforms

• Security: since cost of security management is shared among a number of clients, cloud providers, in
theory, are able to devote significantly more time, energy, and expertise to security management than a
single company normally would. However, this is highly dependent on the vendor.

• Cultural impact: The cultural impact of the transition to the cloud is likely to be significant. It will involve
redefining the roles of IT professionals and business owners, and restructuring IT support for end users.
Business owners will need to decide who makes decisions regarding the selection of cloud vendors,
applications, etc. Likewise, end users may need to redirect their IT help desk concerns from internal IT
resources to the cloud provider’s IT service.

While cloud computing is not yet fully developed, and still has room for future improvement, it is very
likely that all businesses will work at least partially from the cloud within the next couple of years – most
businesses already do.

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

1. A cloud platform is:

A. A platform to let developers write applications that run in the cloud

B. A platform to use services provided from the cloud
C. Both A and B
D. None

Answer: c

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

2. Which of the given options is NOT a criteria for evaluating cloud platforms

A. Cost
B. An application
C. Service level agreement
D. Cost

Answer: B

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

3. AWS stands for _____________________.

A. Amazon Web Services

B. Amazon Web Solutions

Answer: A

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

4. AWS offers:

A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. All the above

Answer: D

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

5. An Availability Zone represents a location that typically contains multiple physical data centers, while a region
is ________________________.

A. An availability zone which contains a single data center

B. A collection of Availability Zones in geographic proximity connected by low-latency network links

Answer: B

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

6. The AWS service that provides virtual servers for compute capacity is _____________.

A. Hypervisor
B. EC2

Answer: B

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

7. AWS Elastic Beanstalk is used for __________________.

A. PaaS
B. Serverless functions

Answer: A

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

8. _______________ is used for long-term cold storage of data in AWS.

A. Snowball
B. Glacier

Answer: B

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

9. S3 stands for:

A. Simple Storage Service

B. Synchronized Storage Service

Answer: A

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

10. AWS snowball is used:

A. To execute highly complex computations

B. To physically transport data to Amazon servers.

Answer: B

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

11. The AWS NoSQL database service is

A. MariaDB
B. PostgreSQL
C. NoSQL
D. DynamoDB

Answer: D

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

12. Users can establish a dedicated connection from an on-premises data center to the AWS cloud via
___________________.

A. AWS Direct Connect

B. Amazon Route 53
C. EC2
D. S3

Answer: A

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

13. Amazon Route 53 is:

A. Service to balance network traffic

B. Domain name system provided by amazon that routes end users to applications

Answer: B

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

14. ____________________ enables a development team to create, manage and monitor custom APIs

A. Amazon EC2
B. AWS command-line
C. Amazon API Gateway
D. AWS CodeCommit

Answer: C

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

15. We can use _____________ to monitor the health of applications and resources in AWS.

A. Chef
B. Amazon CloudWatch

Answer: B

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

16. IAM allows admins to:

A. Store data
B. Update services
C. Connect cloud resource to Microsoft active directory
D. Create and manage users

Answer: D

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

17. The amazon text-to-speech translation service is called ________.

A. Amazon Lex
B. Amazon Rekognition
C. Amazon Polly
D. Alexa

Answer: C

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

18. The Azure platform consists of:

A. Windows azure, Microsoft .NET services, Microsoft SQL services, and Live Services
B. Windows azure, Microsoft .NET services, Microsoft SQL services, and Microsoft Office

Answer: A

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Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

19. _______________ is the Google cloud platform’s PaaS offering

A. Google App Engine

B. Google Container Engine

Answer: A

86
Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

20. ______________ is the best platform for Customer Relationship Management (CRM).

A. Google App Engine

B. Salesforce.com

Answer: B

87
Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

21. The enterprise social network within Salesforce platform is:

A. Chatter
B. Twitter

Answer: A

88
Cloud Platforms

Self Assessment Question

22. _____________ is the platform that delivers Microsoft Azure private cloud services.

A. Azure Stack
B. Windows Azure

Answer: A

89
Cloud Platforms

Document Links
Topics URL Notes
http://www.davidchappell.com/CloudPlatforms-
Cloud platforms This pdf examines the cloud platforms and its components
-Chappell.pdf

https://searchaws.techtarget.com/definition/Am
AWS This link explains AWS and its services in brief.
azon-Web-Services

https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/defi This link explain Microsoft azure platform and the services it
Microsoft Azure
nition/Windows-Azure offers.

https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/defi
Google cloud platform The link discusses the services offered by the cloud platform.
nition/Google-Cloud-Platform

https://www.syseng.com/white_paper/cloud-
Impact of cloud platforms computing-take-cloud-assessing-impact-cloud- This link discusses the impact of cloud platforms.
computing-business/
https://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/defin
Microsoft Azure Stack ition/Microsoft-Azure-Stack The link explains azure stack for hybrid clouds.

https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/R
OpenStack The link gives an overview of openstack
ed-Hat-Enterprise-Linux-OpenStack-Platform

https://searchaws.techtarget.com/definition/AWS-
AWS Greengrass This link explains AWS Greengrass.
Greengrass

90
Cloud Platforms

Video Links
Topics URL Notes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKMmA7b
Cloud platforms This video defines how the cloud platform works.
gSBc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4YIdn2eT
AWS This video explains AWS and its services in brief.
m4

Microsoft Azure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfSYypHtuUw This video describes Microsoft azure platform.

Google cloud platform https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COhwhZjcjw0 The video gives an overview of Google cloud.

Impact of cloud platforms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIn8_o56_cg This video discusses the impact of cloud platforms.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egmPQ9eROn
Microsoft Azure Stack The video explains azure stack for hybrid clouds.
s

OpenStack https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1GFoY4btpo The video gives an overview of openstack

AWS Greengrass https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rLxPOxVJoQ The video gives an overview of AWS Greengrass

91
Cloud Platforms

Cloud Migration

92
Cloud Platforms

Cloud Migration and Risks

• Delivering Business Processes from the Cloud

• Business process examples
• Broad Approaches to Migrating into the Cloud
• The Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud, Efficient Steps for migrating to a cloud
• Risks: Measuring and assessment of risks
• Company concerns Risk Mitigation methodology for Cloud computing
• Case Studies

93
Cloud Platforms

Delivering Business Processes from the Cloud

• Business processes such as payroll, email, printing, or e-commerce delivered over the internet as a service
can be termed as “Business Process as a Service” or BPaaS.

• Traditionally business processes were automated into a program. For example, if a company wanted to
make sure that a management system for orders looked up a credit check before issuing a transaction, the
company built that request into a program.

• With the advent of cloud computing, this approach is starting to change. Increasingly, companies are
looking at a more service-oriented approach to services.

• For example, instead of investing and maintaining servers for email. Email can be accessed as a service
through a cloud provider.

94
Cloud Platforms

Business Process Examples

For a concrete example of BPaaS, think about certain kinds of tasks that businesses may need done on a regular
basis. One example is transaction management. Credit card transactions may need to be recorded in a central
database, or otherwise handled or evaluated.

Business processes span industries, both vertical and horizontal, and can include any type of business
operation. Examples include:

• Manufacturing – an product assembly process, a quality assurance process, a corrective/preventive

maintenance process.
• Finance – an invoicing process, a billing process, a risk management process
• Health – a medical assessment, a drug approval
• Banking – customer on-boarding, credit check
• Travel – trip booking, agent billing
• HR – a starters process, a leavers process, vacation request
• Public Sector – application for a government service

95
Cloud Platforms

Migrating to the Cloud:

• Cloud migration is the process of moving data, applications or other business elements from an
organization's onsite computers to the cloud, or moving them from one cloud environment to
another.

• Moving data or business elements from one cloud environment to another is called “cloud-to-cloud
migration”.

• The process of transitioning to a different cloud provider is called “cloud service migration”.

• A successful migration to a cloud requires the use of middleware, such as a cloud integration tool.

33
Cloud Platforms

Broad Approaches to Migrating to the Cloud:

There are three common approaches to migrate the on-premise applications to the cloud. They are:

1. Lift and Shift

the Lift and Shift approach involves the exact replication of the in-house applications in the
cloud. There is no change made to the code or the design of applications. It involves much lesser
time, cost, and complexity when compared to other methods. Storage infrastructure and disaster
recovery are common applications migrated using this approach.

2. Refactoring
Refactoring refers to changes made in the structure of the source code of the application in order
to make it more efficient. The code is modified such that it becomes more scalable and reusable
without changing the functions of the application.

3. Modernisation
The modernisation application approach to cloud computing redesigns the application from
ground-up, thus making it completely flexible for the cloud environment.
34
Cloud Platforms

The Seven-Step Model of Migration into the Cloud

Re-
Assess Isolate Map Augment Test Optimize
architect

33
Cloud Platforms

Migrating to the Cloud:

Step 1: Assess
Cloud migration assessments are conducted to understand the complexities in the migration
process at the code, design, and architectural levels. The investment and the recurring costs are also
evaluated along with gauging the tools, test cases, functionalities, and other features related to the
configuration.

Step 2: Isolate
The applications to be migrated to the cloud from the internal data center are freed of dependencies
pertaining to the environment and the existing system. This step cuts a clearer picture about the
complexity of the migration process.

Step 3: Map
Most organizations hold a detailed mapping of their environment with all the systems and
applications. Make use of this information to distinguish between the components that have to be
moved to the cloud from the ones that should continue to reside in the data center.
33
Cloud Platforms

Migrating to the Cloud:

Step 4: Re-Architect
Migration to the cloud demands re-architecting of applications in most cases. This may result in
the loss of certain functionalities and this can be approximated by using relevant APIs.

Step 5: Augment
The applications are augmented to make them cloud-ready. Augmenting the applications is crucial
to derive the best benefits of the cloud.

Step 6: Test
Right after the applications are augmented, they need to be tested for the new environment. The
augmentation and migration strategies are validated at this step.

Step 7: Optimize
On the basis of the test results, the migration strategy is optimized for delivering the best ROI. A
roadmap for leveraging the new cloud features is laid.
33
Cloud Platforms

Efficient Steps for Migrating to the Cloud

As cloud computing gains momentum, organizations are looking for a more robust way to
approach the cloud. In order to leverage the benefits of the cloud, a strong cloud strategy must be
in place. Based on the approach framed by the popular research firm, The Burton Group, the
following five steps define the framework for a strong cloud adoption strategy.

1. Pre-Work
To start with, organizations must build an internal cloud team, which together will set the scope of
the cloud project. Expectations, standards to be achieved and cloud objectives must be well defined
during the initial stages of the cloud journey.

2. Business and Application Analysis

The cloud cannot be considered as plainly a technical enhancement since it has a strong impact on
the various business functions. During this stage, business applications moving into the cloud are
evaluated based on the costs and architectural requirements. The operational changes to be made
within an organization are also determined. The four significant components of this stage are
business impact evaluation, assessment of organizational impact, cost analysis, and application
analysis. 33
Cloud Platforms

Efficient Steps for Migrating to the Cloud

3. Selecting the Cloud Service Provider

Solutions from different cloud service providers are reviewed and the most suitable one is chosen.
The migration plan is initiated and the roadmap to cloud is thus made clear.

4. Building the Risk Mitigation Plan

No cloud adoption framework can be complete without the risks and challenges being included. A
risk mitigation plan is drawn and the exit strategy is devised.

5. Planning for the Steady State

Once applications are moved to cloud, there needs to be a plan in place for the cloud governance and
vendor management. Regular reviews of the strategy must be conducted and the cloud team must
ensure that both internal processes and personnel issues are addressed during the move.

33
Cloud Platforms

Migration Failure and Contingency Measures

Not every cloud migration project is successful. Without the required resources, knowledge and skillset,
cloud migration can turn out to be a nightmare. Outlined below are some contingency measures that
mitigate risks considerably during the cloud migration process.

• Poor planning is the most common reason for the failure in any IT project. The entire life cycle of the
migration project must be planned ahead. Every specific task and the allocated responsibility of the
task must be documented.
• The changes pertaining to people, processes and culture of the organization must be addressed. The
required training and technical support must be implemented.
• Security of data during migration process is highly crucial. The cloud service provider must hold all
the accreditations that can insulate the client from any chances of a data breach or failure to adhere to
industry compliance requirements.
• The cloud service provider must be ISO 27001 certified to assure its ability to offer the maximum
security for all systems and data.

A robust SLA must be drawn with the service provider. They must commit to a specific level of service,
failing which they must be prepared to fulfil the compensation policy mentioned in the SLA. 33
Cloud Platforms

Risks

104
Cloud Platforms

Measurement and Assessment of Risks

The risk assessment strategy used by an organization must contain the following elements:
• Effective Control Mechanism: All the current controls over data are to be analyzed. If it does not provide
adequate protections for the data or service, then necessary data control mechanisms are to be implemented.

• Necessary Periodical Audits: The cloud service provider and the services rendered are to be analyzed and audited
on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. Any kind of discrepancies in service should be noted, informed, and
necessary corrective measures are to be implemented.

• Technical Security Architecture: A thorough analysis of the present technical architecture of the cloud service
provider should be done. Firewalls, Virtual Private Network provisions, patching, intrusion prevention mechanism
and network segregation are few things to be analyzed well. These are potential high-risk areas especially when
confidential customer data is at stake.

• Data Integrity: The cloud service provider would be rendering the services to multiple clients at a time. How well
the data are stored, what kind of hardware is being used, if the confidential data are being stored in a shared storage
etc. – are to be analyzed and understood beforehand. It is much better to have discussions with the cloud service
provider before even moving all the data to the cloud.
33
Cloud Platforms

Measurement and Assessment of Risks

• Data Encryption: The name says it all. The data encryption standards that the cloud service providers
utilize is to be audited beforehand. Strict investigation has to be carried out in this aspect, as its one of
the high-risk areas. Sony suffered a major outage in its PlayStation Network in 2011 due to their poor
data encryption standards and hackers exploiting it.

• Disaster Recovery Plan: What happens when there is an earthquake? Or flooding (or) some other
natural calamity that hits the data center in which all the confidential data is being stored? Before getting
into contracts, the disaster recovery and contingency plan provided by the cloud service provider should
be reviewed thoroughly. Internally, the organization should have a clear business continuity plan to
ensure that the business doesn't get affected if in case there is a disaster.

• Standard Procedures: Its good to evaluate the standard procedures followed by the cloud service
provider internally in their operations. A typical example would be the offsite tape backup procedure for
all the data stored in their data center. Another example would be a background pre-employment
screening procedure to see if any of the employees working at the data center (or) those to be involved
in managing the data center has any malicious intent. 33
Cloud Platforms

Measurement and Assessment of Risks

• Business Operations of the Cloud Service Provider: The current operational and financial conditions
of the cloud service provider should be diligently verified along with the history of operations. For
publicly traded companies, its easy to find this information. For private companies, either an internal
team can do the due-diligence (or) a third-party can do the background check.

33
Cloud Platforms

Cloud Risk Mitigation Strategies

Some of the most effective cloud risk mitigation strategies are
• Due-Diligence on Various Cloud Solutions
Cloud computing leads to a higher dependence on cloud-based vendors and thus demands clients of an
evaluation of their capabilities beforehand. Optimized security measures, industry recognized
compliance standards and the ability to support the unique requirements of an expanding organization
must be analyzed to mitigate the risk potential in a cloud project.

• Adapting Encryption Standards

• Encryption of data is the act of converting sensitive data into undecipherable text by using the
relevant algorithms. The encrypted data is called ciphertext, and the level of encryption depends on
the sensitivity of the data. Encryption solutions are of two types:

1. Provider-side cloud encryption: The cloud service provider encrypts the data received from clients and
adds an extra layer of protection from potential threats. Many leading cloud vendors in the market, such
as Amazon, Microsoft, and EMC, offer these solutions to their clients.
2. Client-side cloud encryption: Companies dealing with multiple cloud vendors make use of cloud
encryption gateways to turn their plain text data into ciphertext. Encryption makes the text unreadable
33
without a special key.
Cloud Platforms

Cloud Risk Mitigation Strategies

• Secure Third Party Validation

Cloud security is better said than done. Not every cloud service provider is successful in keeping up
with the security demands of the customer. This makes third party validation a must for cloud
solutions. Independent technology auditors assess the solutions to ensure that they are capable of
delivering the desired results.

• User Access Controls

The risk of unauthorized access to critical information exists in both private and public cloud
environments. As opposed to the application-based access control in the traditional system of
computing, cloud environments work better with Role-Based Access Control (RBAC). In this method,
users of the system are assigned a specific role and can perform a precise set of functions based on this
role. By restricting access to cloud resources, unauthorized access, accidental manipulation of data, and
sharing of credentials can be prevented.

33
Cloud Platforms

Cloud Risk Mitigation Strategies

• Service-Level Agreements and SSO Solution

A robust service-level agreement holds the key to the performance levels of every element of the
service provided by the cloud vendor. It affirms the ownership of data and lays the foundation for the
security measures to be adopted during implementation.

The Single Sign-On (SSO) is one way of mitigating risk when it comes to protecting user data. The
user logs in using his/her email id (or) any id that has been created along with the password to a
particular application through the web browser. Once he/she logs in, the sessions starts and all user
information is encrypted and stored using specific protocols. After the user logs in, he/she may use any
of the connected systems (or) applications without having to login multiple times. For example, Gmail
and all other applications of Google. In a browser, if the user has signed into Gmail (or) Youtube once,
then there is no need to sign-in again and again for other Google applications. He/she can access
Google Docs, Drive, PlayStore, etc. without having to login to each of these applications. The SSO
technique eliminates the need for multiple re-authentications while using the system (or) set of
applications and thus prevents authentication requests to be made to the server back and forth every
time the user wants to use a particular application. 33
Cloud Platforms

Cloud Risk Mitigation Strategies

• Hybrid Approach

A recent study conducted by Avanade, a business technology and managed services provider revealed
that more than 60% of the participants believed that the hybrid approach (the blending of private and
public cloud) was a safer way to conduct business in the cloud. This model of cloud computing allows
organizations to host their most sensitive data internally while allowing the other secondary functions
to reside on the public infrastructure. It offers the highest level of flexibility with no additional capital
expense. With more business critical applications moving to the cloud, hybrid offers the best of both
worlds.

33
Cloud Platforms

Top Company Concerns

Some of the top questions company’s consider when moving to cloud are:

1. What are my security and privacy concerns?

These are two of the top concerns that companies cite about a move to the cloud. In most
circumstances, cloud security needs to be approached from a risk-management perspective. If your
organization has risk-management specialists, involve them in cloud security planning.

2. How available and reliable will my resources be?

When you ran the data center, availability, and reliability were under your own company control. Your
IT organization probably has negotiated certain service level agreements with the departments in your
company based on the criticality of your applications. With a move to the cloud, you need to ask
yourself what levels of availability you need and what risk you are willing to take if your service
provider does not meet agreed-upon levels. There may be some applications where you are willing to
take the risk and somewhere you are not. But you need to assess the risk. Remember too that you may
not be compensated the way you think you should be if your provider’s service goes down.

33
Cloud Platforms

Top Company Concerns

3. What about my data?

If you are thinking about moving applications and data to the cloud, you need to address a number of
questions. These include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Can my data be stored anywhere or does my company not allow data to cross country boundaries?
• What happens if the data are lost?
• Can I recover?
• Who owns my data?

4. Is my vendor viable?

What happens if your service provider goes out of business? Will you be able to recover your assets?
Who owns the intellectual property?

33
Cloud Platforms

Top Company Concerns

5. Will I be locked into one vendor?

Although there are some movements to move to an open cloud model, the cloud is not there yet. This
means there are proprietary data formats and APIs out there. Assess what they are and whether it will
be easy to move your assets from one provider to another.

6. Are there other compliance or regulatory issues I need to be aware of?

Make sure that your provider can adhere to any regulatory or compliance issues your company has in
place. You also need to make sure that they are willing to change if something changes in your own
industry. Assess the risk and the cost that might be associated with this.

33
Cloud Platforms

Case Studies

115
Cloud Platforms

Case Study I

SmugMug : Migration to Cloud using AWS

The case scenario

SmugMug is a popular photo and video-sharing service that stores billions of customer photos and
videos. As the company began to grow in volume, the team at SmugMug could not afford to invest in
data centers to support their growth. They wanted a solution that could ensure easy storage with
maximum security for their customers.

33
Cloud Platforms

Case Studies
SmugMug : Migration to Cloud using AWS

33
Cloud Platforms

Case Studies
SmugMug : Migration to Cloud using AWS

The Solution
The journey to cloud for SmugMug began with AWS solutions. Initially, they adopted the Amazon S3
solution for backup of data from their local data centers. Overwhelmed by the performance of the system,
they soon made the Amazon S3 their source of primary storage. The next step was to transfer their
computer services into the cloud by using the Amazon EC2 solution. With Amazon EC2, SmugMug
moved many of its specialized services to the cloud.

Through this very carefully crafted phased migration to the cloud, SmugMug derived the following
benefits.
• Increased cost savings
• Economies of scale
• Increased employee productivity
• Faster operations
• Ensured security of photos and videos
33
Cloud Platforms

Case Study II

Ramco(On-premise) to Ramco on Demand

The case scenario

Ramco Systems is a leader in providing ERP solutions to thousands of companies across the world.
With more than 150,000 users Ramco Systems had to draw the balance between offering
competent capabilities and meeting the service level agreements. They needed to provision servers
instantly to the varying demands of their customers and also contend with the increasing costs of
capital investment, security measures, and power supply.

33
Cloud Platforms

Case Study II
Ramco(On-premise) to Ramco on Demand

33
Cloud Platforms

Case Study II

Ramco(On-premise) to Ramco on Demand

The Solution
Ramco Systems found its ideal solution from the extensive portfolio of services offered by AWS. Its
journey to the cloud started by adopting the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud which later went on to
include other services such as storage, email, resource monitoring, etc.

Today Ramco Systems experiences the following benefits through successful migration to the cloud.

• Provisioning of servers has been enhanced by 80%.

• Cost-effective disaster recovery.
• ERP solutions that are more comprehensive, scalable, and flexible.

33
Cloud Platforms

Case Study III

Sony PlayStation Network Outage 2011

Case Scenario:
Sony Corporation first introduced the PlayStation Console in December 1994 in Japan. Since then,
the product has undergone a series of upgrades and enhancement. The latest version of the
PlayStation called PS3 was a complete entertainment package and included internet browsing
capabilities, chat functions, media downloads, and gaming options. Registered users of the system
were more than 75 million, and a huge chunk had also recorded sensitive information like credit
card details for the purpose of online purchases.

The Outage
On 19 April 2011, Sony’s PlayStation Network experienced one of the worst cases of data security
breach in the history of IT. The servers were hacked by an unauthorized group leading to the theft
of usernames, passwords, credit card details and other personal information of millions of PSN
users. The system was shut down for almost 7 days following the attack. The cause of the incident
was mainly due to the poor security mechanisms of Sony and its failure to encrypt critical data.
33
Cloud Platforms

Case Study III

Sony PlayStation Network Outage 2011

Impact:

This unfortunate event for Sony brought down its reputation, credibility, and stock value. Sony
rebuilt its security system, faced a lawsuit that was settled after almost 4 years and paid huge
compensation to its customers who were exposed to the incident. The service was made to shut
down for almost 3 weeks, and the cost of the outage was over 170 million dollars.

33
Cloud Platform

Self Assessment Question

24. BPaaS stands for ________________.

A. Business Projects as a Service

B. Business Process as a Service

Answer: B

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Cloud Platform

Self Assessment Question

25. Google encrypts all critical data that is stored on its cloud. The cloud encryption solution offered by Google
can be called:

A. Provider-side cloud encryption

B. Client - side cloud encryption
C. Cipher texts
D. None of the above

Answer: A

125
Cloud Platform

Self Assessment Question

26. What type of cloud is associated with the risk of shared access?

A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Hybrid Cloud
D. None of the above

Answer: A

126
Cloud Platform

Self Assessment Question

27. One main reason behind Sony’s data breach incident in 2011 was:

A. Lack of expertise
B. Failure to encrypt data
C. Shared Access
D. Malicious insiders

Answer: B

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Cloud Platform

Self Assessment Question

28. The cloud migration approach that demands the least cost and complexity is ________.

A. Lift and Shift

B. Refactoring
C. Cloud Modernization
D. Lift and Refit

Answer: A

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Cloud Platform

Self Assessment Question

29. Which phase of the Seven Step Cloud Migration model approximates the lost functionalities of the
application?

A. Map
B. Augment
C. Re-architect
D. Isolate

Answer: C

129
Cloud Platform

Self Assessment Question

30. The main aim behind adopting the seven-step cloud migration model in an organization is____________.

A. To enhance the success rate of the migration process

B. To obtain a more rational view point
C. Both
D. None

Answer: C

130
Cloud Platform

Self Assessment Question

31. SSO stands for ________

A. Simple security objectives

B. Single Sign on
C. Security Service Operator
D. None of the above

Answer: B

131
Cloud Platforms

Assignment
You need to answer below sets of problem. These sets of questions are meant for testing unit III.

1. Define cloud platform.

2. Compare AWS, Microssoft Azure, and Google Platform
3. Explain the Salesforce.com services.
4. Discuss the impact of cloud platforms.
5. Describe Microsoft Azure Stack.
6. Explain AWS Greengras platform for IoT devices.
7. Explain the seven step model for cloud migration.
8. Summarise the risks involved when moving to cloud and identify the mitigation steps.

132
Introduction to Operating System

Summary

 A cloud platform is a platform to let developers write applications that run in the cloud, or use services provided
from the cloud, or both. It is also called on-demand platform and platform as a service (PaaS).
 Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive, evolving cloud computing platform provided by Amazon. It
provides a mix of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and packaged software as a
service (SaaS) offerings.
 Microsoft defines the Azure platform as “an Internet-scale cloud services platform hosted in Microsoft data
centers, which provides an operating system and a set of developer services that can be used individually
or together.”
 Google Cloud Platform is a suite of public cloud computing services offered by Google.
 Salesforce.com is best known for its Salesforce customer relationship management (CRM) product, which is
composed of Sales Cloud, Service Cloud, Marketing Cloud, Commerce Cloud, Analytics Cloud, IoT Cloud, App
Cloud, Health Cloud, Financial Services Cloud, Force.com, and Chatter.
 Microsoft Azure Stack is an integrated platform of hardware and software that delivers Microsoft Azure public
cloud services in a local data center.
 Red Hat OpenStack Platform provides access to open source projects, or tools, to enable core computing
services in public and private clouds.
 AWS Greengrass is a service that extends Amazon Web Services functionality to Internet of Things (IoT)
devices.
133
Introduction to Operating System

Document Links

Topics URL Notes

http://www.dummies.com/programming/cloud-
Delivering Business Processes from the Cloud computing/hybrid-cloud/what-is-business- This link examines business process as a service on cloud.
process-as-a-service-bpaas-in-cloud-computing/
http://www.dummies.com/programming/cloud-
This link discusses some real world examples of business
Business process examples computing/hybrid-cloud/how-bpaas-works-in-
processes.
the-real-world-of-cloud-computing/

https://cloudtweaks.com/2012/09/migration-into-
The Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud The link explains the seven step model of migrating into a cloud.
the-cloud/

https://www.newgenapps.com/blog/cloud-
Efficient Steps for migrating to cloud This link discusses 10 Steps to a Successful Cloud Migration
solutions-implementation

https://www.neweggbusiness.com/smartbuyer/ov The link discusses the risks and the mitigation steps required for
Risk Mitigation methodology for Cloud computing
er-easy/5-ways-mitigate-cloud-computing-risks/ cloud computing.

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Introduction to Operating System

Video Links

Topics URL Notes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KPkuKHpZk This video is the first of a 3 part series which explains the
Cloud Migration
Q migration step, issues and methods.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zme4OYvm4H
Cloud computing Risks The video discusses the risks of moving to cloud.
U

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Cloud Platforms

E-Book Links

Topics URL Page Number

Cloud Platforms http://www.nortonaudio.com/Ficheiros/111840873X_Cloud.pdf Page 29 to 31

http://www.nortonaudio.com/Ficheiros/111840873X_Cloud.pdf
Platform as a service Page 35-38

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