Research 2022
Research 2022
Research 2022
_______________
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Roxas Campus
Roxas, Palawan
______________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management
By
October 2022
1
APPROVAL SHEET
GERALDINE P. JAUD
Adviser
______________________________________________________________________________
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the panel on oral defense with the grade of _________.
Approved:
FLORNITA N. FERRER, Ed.D
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Director, PSU-Roxas Campus
Date: __________
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the following people who
To the school Director and research instructor, Dr. Flornita N. Ferrer, for the imparting her
To the panel of examiners, led by Dr. Flornita N. Ferrer, Sir Leimos S. Sisor and Ma’am
Rufelyn T. Orocio, for their suggestions and recommendation to make this study become more
reliable.
To the research coordinator, Mr. Frank Joe Mojica for allowing the researchers to conduct
To the Research Adviser, Mrs. Geraldine P. Jaud, for his constant guidance, moral support,
suggestions and comments and provisions that benefited them much in completing and
To the respondents, for being cooperative during the conduct of the study.
To our colleagues, for the unforgettable moments that we shared, wasted hours, fun chats,
To the family, loved ones, and friends for the invaluable love and supported financially and
emotionally.
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Above all, to the almighty God for his constant guidance and blessings.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . i
Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ii
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . iii
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . iv
List of Appendices . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . v
Chapter
1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study . . . . . .
. . . . . 1
Statement of the Problem . . . . . .
. . . . . 2
Significance of the Study . . . . . . .
. . . . 4
Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . .
. . . 5
2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Review of Related Literature . . . . .
. . . . . 6
Conceptual Framework.. . . . . . . .
. . . 11
Research Paradigm. . . . . . . .
. . . . . 12
Research Assumption . . . . . .
. . . . . . 12
4
Definition of Terms . . . . . . .
. . . . . 12
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design/ Methods . . . . . .
. . . . . 14 Research Population and Sample .
. . . . . . . . 14 Locale Of the Study .
. . . . . . . . . . . 15
Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . .
. . 15
Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . .
. . . . 17 Statistical Treatment for Data . . .
. . . . . . . 17
References . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 19
Appendix B QUESTIONNAIRE
B-1 Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 21
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter of the paper presents the problem and its setting, including the study’s
background, the statement of the problem, the significance of the study, and the scope and
Every year colleges and universities all over the country turn over to society a graduate
ready to go out into the world. But how are they prepared to face life? Is diploma enough to
guarantee that they will find a stable job? (Corpuz, 2000). Employability, is the capacity to meet
the minimum requirement for a special kind of work or position of employment. (Dumlao,
2006)
Hospitality and tourism industry is the largest and fastest growing industry in the world.
Beverages sector, and MICE (Meeting, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions). One of the
most exciting aspects of this industry is that it is made up of so many different professions.
People in all places are living in the era of competition. Everyone wanted to be better than
others; every good name is measured on what they have. It is because we live in an
“Accomplished Oriented Society” which tends to value our lives by achievements gained on
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The Palawan State University, Roxas Campus was established since 1984. It is public
tertiary institution that helps reach the grassroots upholding the dictum that those who have less
in life should have more in education.In school year 2007, the campus offered the ladderized
program in Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management with six (6) first batch of graduates
Since then, the campus had produced more than one hundred forty BSHM graduates, a
positive response of the community members made to tertiary education and this ensures the
availability of a pool of empowered human resources who will drive the economy forward.
However, equally important is not only producing graduates who are competent in their
fields but graduates of the right type equipped with appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitude so
as to be able to meet the changing needs of employers and the economy. This can be gauged
Since the offering of the Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management in the Campus, it
has produced graduates in the course. Thus, the researchers decided to trace the status of the said
graduates.
Tracer studies can provide the information needed to reform educational programs to
bring about the match between the requirements of the employment world and study. Surveys do
have their disadvantages for it is sometimes difficult to locate graduates and let those complete
questionnaires. Schomburg (2007) warns that the graduates might not always be able to identify
the relationship between the knowledge acquired during study and their professional lives and
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that research findings are valuable in as much as planners can turn the findings into concrete
reforms.
However, the main purpose of this paper was to investigate the employment status of the
graduates and determine what percentage of the graduates had acquired first job after they
graduated. The concepts that the researchers had to indulge in were to look on the graduates'
important profiles and to assess whether or not these profiles had satisfied their expectations so
that whatever results they could account for would be a good venue of curriculum enhancement
1. What is the personal profile of the Bachelor of Science Hospitality Management at Palawan
1.1 sex;
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2.3 Place of Work;
3. Educational Background?
4. How long they were trying to find a job after graduation from PSU-Roxas Campus?
5. What knowledge, skills, and attitude learned at the university are related to their current work?
6. What are the difficulties experiences of the graduates are related to skills in the industry.
The study will assess the PSU Roxas Campus BSHM graduates competencies. Mercado
(2010) in his study mentioned that the conduct of graduate tracer studies among Higher
Education Institutions (HEIs) in the country is to obtain data that would show if HEIs are
offering courses and are producing graduates that meet the needs of the industry and society. The
result of the present study will provide a source of information that may serve as basis for
administrators and curriculum planners in reviewing their education programs to bring about the
Moreover, findings of tracer study according to Garcia (2003) as cited by Gines (2004)
can be used to define/redefine HEIs mission and market niche and show how academic programs
9
Similarly, Gines (2014) said, by conducting a survey on the cohort of graduates from a
competencies and skills development, and have a comparative analysis, the information gained
from these can be used by the graduates’ Alma mater and other education stakeholders for
curriculum development and other emerging reforms. The present study assessed the graduate’s
competencies and consequently proposed a Curriculum Enhancement for the Improvement of the
This study will be delimited in terms of problem, locale, population, instrument and
duration.
Problem. This study will trace up the Bachelor of Science in hospitality Management Graduates
at Palawan State University- Roxas Campus particularly their Personal/ Demographic profile,
Locale. This study was conducted primarily in the province of Palawan. However, the researcher
still considered the other places where the graduates were found employed.
Population. The study respondents were Thirty-one (31) BSHM graduates of PSU Roxas
Instrument. The study used a researcher formulated questionnaire in gathering data from the
respondents.
Duration. The study started on September 2022 and was completed on January 2023.
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Chapter 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies, the conceptual
The Commission on Higher Education Memorandum Order no. 62 series of 2017 stated
that the need to revise and update the current Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management and
Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management curricula is premised on the basic concept that
higher education programs must always be abreast with the current times. In addition, the
Philippine tourism sector has shown strong performance exhibiting double-digit growth in
domestic and foreign tourist arrivals for the past several years. As the fifth growth driver of the
Philippine economy, tourism accounts for 8% of the country’s gross domestic product,
generating 4.7 million jobs and contributing more than P1.47 billion in tourist’s receipts. The
opportunities cutting-across a wide variety of sectors which demand knowledgeable and highly-
skilled workers.
Profile
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Tracer study is an approach that is widely used in most organization especially in
educational institutions. This approach aims to track and to keep record of their students once
they have graduated from the institution. Through a tracer study, an institution is able to evaluate
the quality of education given to their graduates by knowing their placements and positions in
the society aligned to their programs. The results can later be used as a benchmark in producing
more qualified and competitive graduates. Likewise, the very rich pool of information and other
variables derived from tracer studies are important indicators of the quality of higher education.
On the other hand, one of the factors that determine the effectiveness of an academic institution
is the employability of its graduates. The quality of graduates is very much a function of quality
instruction and facilities because these will help ensure that graduates are equipped with the
knowledge, skills and attitude that will enable them work in their respective field.
The study conducted by Celis, Festijo and Cueto (2013) shows that there is a high
demand for hospitality and tourisms practitioners which means that graduates are easily get a job
due to the demand of the hospitality industry. They also noted that majority of their graduates
were working in the Philippines which implies the job opportunities outside the country require
ample of work experience. However, in the study of Fronda and Villanueva (2013) they found
notable findings that most of their HRM graduates work abroad. This indicates that their
Graduates Employability
Likewise, Celis et. al., (2016) studied the “Graduate’s Employability: A Tracer Study for
Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management. This study primarily determined the
University from 2005-2009. Specifically, it sought to determine the job placement profile of the
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graduates and relevance of school related factors to job placement. It also identified the work-
related values and skills that contribute in meeting the demands of the present job. Furthermore,
this research proposes a program to improve employment rate for Hotel and Restaurant
Management graduates of LPU. Findings revealed that majority of the respondents are gainfully
employed and landed a job from one to two years after graduation. Most of them are on
contractual basis and are working in the Philippines. Majority are professionals working as rank
and file in HRM establishments. Human relations and communication skills are deemed to be the
most useful competencies learned by the graduates from LPU (Lyceum of the Philippines
University). Finally, the result of the study yielded that teamwork skills, particularly the skills on
working with others, were also moderately correlated with employees’ contextual performance.
This implies that graduates’ competence in employability skills could give them due advantage
employability skills by employers, employees, higher academic institutions, labor agencies, and
Job Relevance
The studies of Menez and Ylagan (2011) and Buted and Menez (2005) revealed that there
is a high demand for job opportunities of BS HRM and that graduates of the said program
immediately find employment along their field of specialization. Majority of the respondents are
gainfully employed and landed a job from one to two years after graduation. Most of them are
contractual basis and are working in the Philippines. The tracer study is similar with the present
study because the present study shall also document the employment characteristics of the PSU
Roxas BSHM Graduates of 2018-2019, however, the level of satisfaction of the graduates in
terms of the level of satisfaction of the University services, learning environment and facilities
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will not be looked into. Instead, it will assess the BSHM graduates’ knowledge, skills and
attitude provided during their work integrated learning activity. if those are provided, adequate,
P. Jonck & F. van der Walt, (2015) on “Graduate Employability Skills: Differences
between the Private and the Public Sector in South Africa” revealed that the only statistically
significant differences between the private and the public sector in terms of graduate
employability skills are self-responsibility and interpersonal skills. Indicative of the notion that
the differences between the private and the public sector are becoming less marked, and that the
employability skills that are sought by the public sector are similar to those that are sought by the
private sector. Based on the findings of the research project, recommendations are made
concerning course curricula in order to ensure that graduates are employable irrespective of
sector.
Similarly, Mitchell and Ashley (2006) stressed that the most important pro-poor impact
The Theory and the Models above are supported by Mason et.al. (2006) in their paper
which made use of detailed information gathered at university department level, combined with
graduate survey data, to assess the impact of different kinds of employability skills initiative on
graduate labor market performance. They found that structured work experience has clear
positive effects on the ability of graduates, firstly, to find employment within six months of
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graduation and, secondly, to secure employment in graduate-level jobs. The results of the study
of P Jonk & F van der Walt (2015) indicated that the only statistically significant differences
between the private and the public sector in terms of graduate employability skills are self-
responsibility and interpersonal skills. Indicative of the notion that the differences between the
private and the public sector are becoming less marked, and that the employability skills that are
sought by the public sector are similar to those that are sought by the private sector, the challenge
education. The changing notions of the extent to which the curriculum should seek to enhance
debates tended to focus on liberal concerns that higher education should seek to enable the
individual to better fulfill their role in society, recent discussions have focused more on the
notion that all academic courses should include employability enhancing content, not just those
LPU Batangas offers courses for the acquisition of the skill required by shipping
company. Cruise Line students who are specialized in Culinary Arts (CLOCA) and Hotel
Services (CLOHS) should acquire knowledge, skills, and competencies through a series of field
practice and exposure to the course and assessed by the professors of LPU-B. Both domestic and
overseas labor markets are increasing because of the demand for competent and globally
competitive middle-level work force. TESDA is responsible for managing TVET sector that
ensures the availability of a qualified and competent skilled worker to meet the demand and
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contribute to the economic development of the country. It ensures that its entire program is
always relative and responsive to the current need of the hospitality industry. Lyceum of the
Philippines University - Batangas is one of the open accredited centers of assessment by TESDA
(LPU-B, 2014).
Conceptual Framework
Management of Palawan State University Roxas Campus year 2019. Specially, it will determine
the job placement profile of the graduates and relevance of school related to job placement.
Furthermore, this research purposes a program to improve employment rate for Hospitality
Research Paradigm
b. Employment Status
c. Knowledge, Skills and
Abilities learned
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Tracer study of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Research-
paradigm-of-the-study_fig1_341988588 [accessed 19 Oct, 2022]
Figure 1.
The figure shows the Profile of BSHM graduates, Personal details, Employment Status, the
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities learned and profiling the employment status of graduate
Research Assumption
Researchers assumed that the BSHM graduates are gainfully employed and landed a job
from one to two years after graduation. Majority of the respondents are found employment along
their field specialization and most of them are working in the Philippines.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are operationally defined to give clearer and better understanding of
the study.
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method and procedure utilized in the process of gathering the
data analyzed and interpreted that come up with the result of the study that the researcher is
interested in.
The method of this study involved quantitative research. It is the process of collecting
and analyzing numerical data. It is used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, casual
test relationships, and generalize results to the broader population (Bhandari, 2021). This study
used the descriptive method in gathering data. According to Gay (1992), descriptive research
involves collecting data in order to test hypotheses or to answer questions concerning the current
status of the subject of the study, tried to get deep data and information about the object by
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The purpose of descriptive research is, of course, to describe, as well as explain, or
validate some sort of hypothesis or objective when it comes to a specific group of people.
Descriptive research questions simply aim to describe the variables you are measuring.
Population
From the records obtained from the Registrar’s office the sample size from specific
population, a total of thirty-one (31) HM graduates from 2019 was derived as the respondents of
the study.
This study was take place at the Palawan State University Roxas Campus, Roxas
Palawan. The respondents are expected to be found in the province of Palawan. However, the
researcher still considered the other places where the graduates were found employed.
Instrumentation
In gathering the data needed in this work, the researcher will use a researcher-formulated
Part 1 will be about the personal profile, employment profile and educational background of
the respondents. Part 1A was about the personal profile covering sex, , civil status and present
address of the respondents. . Part 1B will be covered the type employment profile of the
respondents such as being employed or unemployed, current job, place of work and monthly
income. Part 1C was about the educational background of the respondents such as
1D is about how long they were trying to find a job after graduation. Part 2A of the instrument
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covered the Graduate’s assessment of the knowledge, skills and attitude learned at the
university are related to their current work. Part 2B are the difficulties experiences of the
graduates are related to skills in the industry. This portion of questionnaire will be adopted
from Ched Memorandum Order. Further, part 2A and part 2B questionnaires competences were
assessed as to the graduates’ satisfaction. These were rated by the graduates using Five (5) Point
To ensure the reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire will be validated to the 2019
hospitality graduates of the PSU Roxas Campus. After knowing the result of the dry run, the
questionnaire will be improved considering the opinions of the graduates and the employers. The
improved instrument will be submitted to the adviser for comments, and then the questionnaires
Permission will be sought from the Campus Director, to conduct the study and to have
access on the data needed. The researcher set up a directory of the graduates will be included in
The questionnaire will be sent to the identified respondents. The graduates to be included
in the sample will be asked to personally accomplish the survey which to be to them either
through email, mail, Facebook or contact persons. After retrieving the questionnaires, the data
Statistical Treatment
After the data has been gathered, the researchers interpreted the data using Descriptive
Statistical method. Descriptive summary statistic such as Frequency count, Percentage, mean and
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ranking will be employed. Percentage will be used to determine the percentage of frequency of
occurrences of the different categories included in the study. Ranking will be used to show the
position of importance of the variables used in the study. Afterwards, numbers and other data
REFERENCES
Buted, D. and Meñez, N. (2005), Relevance of HRM Curriculum: Basis for Enhancing the HRM
Program of Lyceum of Batangas, LB Research Journal Volume 1 . Retrieved from,
https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/AARJMD-Tracer-Study-
HRM.pdf , retrieved on July 2013.
Celis, M.I. C., Festijo, B., & Cueto, A. (2013). Graduate’s Employability: A Tracer Study
for Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management. Asian Academic Research
Journal of Multidisciplinary, Volume 1, issue 11. (pp. 225-238). Retrieved from,
https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/AARJMD-Tracer-Study-
HRM.pdf, retrieved on July 2013.
Mason et.al, (2006). Employability Skills Initiatives in Higher Education: What effects do they
have on Graduate Labour. Education Economics Vol.17, No.1 Retrieved from,
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09645290802028315 , retrieved on February 25,
2006
21
Mitchell and Ashley (2006). Can tourism help reduced poverty in Africa? Retrieved
from,https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/publications/PI%202006-01%20-%20Tourism%20as%20a
%20Development%20Strategy.pdf , retrieved on March 2006.
Ylagan, A., and Meñez, Fe, (2011), Tracer Study of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant
Management Graduates of LP-B from2001 – 2004, LPU Journal of Tracer Studies vol. 1.
Retrieved from, https://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/AARJMD-
Tracer-Study-HRM.pdf , retrieved on July 2013.
Schomburg, Harald, (2007) DIES Training course University Graduates’ Tracer Study
(UNITRACE), Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/14727167/TRACER_STUDY_OF_RTU_GRADUATES_AN_ANALYS
IS?fbclid=IwAR186PI81pQJ6hhU-I2ZMD_twOV57bvlYnwxKk8qkI8PAuzZA0oGnSyQzRk
retrieved on January 2014.
Cranmer, S. (2006). Enhancing graduate employability: best intentions and mixed outcomes.
Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 169-184. Retrievedfrom,
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03075070600572041?journalCode=cshe20 ,
retrieved on 24 Jan 2007
Lpu Batangas. (2014). LPU Batangas is a TESDA Accredited Assessment & Training Center.
LPU Batangas. http://lpubatangas.edu.ph/
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GRADUATE TRACER SURVEY for BSHM GRADUATES
Directions:
A. Personal details / Demographic Profile?
Name (Optional)
1. Sex
( ) Male ( ) Female
2. Civil Status
( ) Single ( ) Separated/ Divorced ( ) Single Parent
( ) Married ( ) Married but not living with spouse
( ) Born a child but not Married ( ) Widow or Widower
3. Present Address; __________________________
A. Employed or Unemployed:
( ) Employed ( ) Unemployed
B. Reason of being unemployed? _________________-
C. Current Job __________________________
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2. Place of Work; ____________________________
3. Monthly income;
( ) Below P 5,000.00 ( ) P15,000.00 to less than P 20,000.00
( ) P 5,000.00 to less than P 10,000.00 ( ) P 20,000.00 to less than P 25,000.00
( ) P 10,000.00 to less than P 15,000.00 ( ) 25,000.00 and above
4. How long did it take you to find a job after you graduated?
5. What are the knowledge, skills and attitude learned at the university are related to their current
work?
Range: 5- Strongly Agree 4- Moderately Agree 3- Agree 2- Least Agree 1- Not agree
5 4 3 2 1
KNOWLEDGE
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understanding when serving customers and working
with colleagues
SKILLS
Ability to perform effective communication skills
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1CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
NAME : NERY JOY P. PASAR
MOBILE NUMBER : 09385101844
DATE OF BIRTH : December 12, 2000
PLACE OF BIRTH : Barangay IV, Roxas Palawan
AGE : 22
SEX : Female
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
NATIONALITY : Filipino
CIVIL STATUS : Single
FATHER’S NAME : Enry A. Pasar
OCCUPATION : Driver/guard
MOTHER’S NAME : Nemia B. Pasar
OCCUPATION : Housewife/ cook
REDENTIAL ADDRES : Barangay IV, Roxas Palawan
PERMANENT ADDRESS: Barangay IV, Roxas Palawan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
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2007 - 2014 (Graduated)
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CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
NAME : Apple Rose D. Honor
MOBILE NUMBER : 09097779680
DATE OF BIRTH : November 5, 2000
PLACE OF BIRTH : Modessa Island, Tumarbong Roxas Palawan
AGE : 22
SEX : Female
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
NATIONALITY : Filipino
CIVIL STATUS : Single
FATHER’S NAME : Narciso Honor
OCCUPATION : Fisherman
MOTHER’S NAME : Mercy Honor
OCCUPATION : BNS
REDENTIAL ADDRES : Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
PERMANENT ADDRESS: Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
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CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
NAME : JOLLY IAN A. RESELLOZA
MOBILE NUMBER : 09358647858
DATE OF BIRTH : July 14, 2000
PLACE OF BIRTH : Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
AGE : 22
SEX : Male
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
NATIONALITY : Filipino
CIVIL STATUS : Single
FATHER’S NAME : Alexander A. Reselloza
OCCUPATION : Driver
MOTHER’S NAME : Cecelia A. Reselloza
OCCUPATION : Housewife
REDENTIAL ADDRES : Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
PERMANENT ADDRESS: Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
29
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
NAME : JETHER P. MANALON
MOBILE NUMBER : 09516723338
DATE OF BIRTH : May 01, 2001
PLACE OF BIRTH : Barangay 4, Roxas Palawan
AGE : 21
SEX : Male
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
NATIONALITY : Filipino
CIVIL STATUS : Single
FATHER’S NAME : Venchito M. Manalon
OCCUPATION : Tricycle Driver
MOTHER’S NAME : Josephine P. Manalon
OCCUPATION : OFW
REDENTIAL ADDRES : Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
PERMANENT ADDRESS: Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
30
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
NAME : DEBBIE GYLE N. ZUBIAGA
MOBILE NUMBER : 09128935893
DATE OF BIRTH : April 29, 2001
PLACE OF BIRTH : Roxas Baptist Hospital
AGE : 21
SEX : Female
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
NATIONALITY : Filipino
CIVIL STATUS : Single
FATHER’S NAME : Edwin L. Zubiaga
OCCUPATION : Driver
MOTHER’S NAME : Maria Josefa N. Zubiaga
OCCUPATION : OFW
REDENTIAL ADDRES : Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
PERMANENT ADDRESS: Barangay 1, Roxas Palawan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
31
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