DS Tutorial1

Discrete Structures
BCT II/II & BEX II/II

TUTORIAL - I
1. Use rules of inference to show that the hypothesis “I am clever or I am lucky”, “If I am
lucky, then I will win the lottery.”, “I am not clever.” Therefore, “I won the lottery.”
2. Use rules of inference to show that the hypothesis “If my cheque book is in office, then I
paid my telephone bill,” “I was looking for phone bill for payment at breakfast or I was
looking for phone bill in my office,” “If I was looking for phone bill at breakfast then my
cheque book is on breakfast table,” “If I was looking at phone bill in my office then
cheque book is on my office table,” “I did not pay my phone bill” imply the conclusion
“Cheque book is on my breakfast table.”
3. Use rules of inference to show that the hypothesis “All Lions are fierce,” “Some Lions do not
drink coffee,” imply the conclusion “Some fierce creatures do not drink coffee.”
4. Use rules of inference to show that the hypothesis “All foods that are healthy to eat do not
taste good.” “Tofu is healthy to eat.” “You only eat what tastes good.” imply the
conclusion “You do not eat tofu.” [Universe of discourse: all food]
5. Use rules of inference to show that the hypotheses "If it does not rain or if it is not foggy,
then the sailing race will be held and the lifesaving demonstration will go on.", "If the
sailing race is held, then the trophy will be awarded.", and "The trophy was not awarded."
imply the conclusion "It rained.".
6. Use rules of inference to show that the hypotheses "During the summer Laurie will go to
New York or Paris", "If she goes to New York, she will not visit Eiffel Tower", "If she
does not visit Eiffel Tower, she will visit Statue of Liberty.", “She did not go to Paris”
imply the conclusion "She visited Statue of Liberty".
7. Test whether the following arguments are logically valid. (If valid, give the formal proof. If
invalid, give the interpretation for which Premises are true but Conclusion is false)
i) If it snows, then the streets become slippery. If the Streets become Slippery, then
accidents happen. Accidents do not happen. Therefore, it does not snow.
ii) If it rains, prices of vegetables go up. Prices of vegetable go up. Therefore it rains.
iii) Shelly is computer science major or chemistry major. If Shelly is chemistry major,
she must take organic chemistry course. Therefore, Shelly is computer science
major or she must take organic chemistry.
iv) If I do all the Exercises, I will understand the material. If I understand the
material,
I will do well in exam. If I do well in exam, I will pass the exam. I did well in
exam. Therefore, I did all the Exercises and I passed the exam.
v) I met Brandon at our university library or I met him at the football field. If I met
Brandon at the football field, then I talked about our football team. If I met
Brandon at our library, I talked about the Discrete Structures Course. I did not talk
about Discrete Structures course. Hence, I talked about our Football team.

 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Discrete Structures
BCT II/II & BEX II/II
7. Write Converse, Inverse and Contrapositive of following Statements:
i) I get wet if it is raining.
ii) It is snowing only if “3+5=8”.
iii) I go to beach whenever it is sunny day.
iv) If two angles are congruent, then they have the same measure.
v) If a quadrilateral is a rectangle, then it has two pairs of parallel sides.
8. Use Resolution to prove the arguments given in Questions Q1 to Q6.
9. For all positive integers n, use the Principle of Mathematical Induction to prove:
i) 1 + 4 + 7 + … + (3n – 2) = n(3n – 1) / 2
ii) 1(1!) + 2(2!) + … + n(n!) = (n+1)! – 1
iii) n3 + 2n is exactly divisible by 3
iv) n5 – n is exactly divisible by 5
v) n < 2n
10. Using Proof by Contradiction Show that:
i) 3 is irrational number.
ii) f(x) = x 5 + 7x3 + 4x + 13 cannot have more than one real root.
iii) if (3n + 2) is odd then n is odd
iv) There is no rational number r such that r3 = 3
v) There is no rational number r such that r3+ r + 1 = 0
11. Using Proof by Contraposition Show that if (x + y) >= 2, then x >= 1 or y >= 1 , where
x and y are real numbers.
12. Draw the Tableau for following Formula / Formula Set:
i) (T ˄ S) → ¬Q
ii) {(P ˅ Q) ˄ R, ¬P ˅ ¬Q, ¬P}
iii) {P ˅ ¬Q → S, ¬Q ˅ ¬R, P ˄ T}
iv) (Q ˄ ¬R) ˄ (R → P)
v) {P → Q, ¬P → R, ¬Q, ¬R}
13. Test the Validity of following arguments using the Method of Tableaux.
i) P→Q ii) P → Q iii) P→Q iv) P ˅ Q → R

¬P → R Q_____ _Q → R_ ¬P ˅ ¬Q____
¬Q_____ ∴P ∴P→R ∴ ¬R
∴R
v) Arguments given in Questions Q1 to Q7.

 
 

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Discrete Structures

BCT II/II & BEX II/II

ii) 1(1!) + 2(2!) + … + n(n!) = (n+1)! – 1

iii) n3 + 2n is exactly divisible by 3

iv) n5 – n is exactly divisible by 5

10. Using Proof by Contradiction Show that:

iii) if (3n + 2) is odd then n is odd

iv) There is no rational number r such that r3 = 3

v) There is no rational number r such that r3+ r + 1 = 0

12. Draw the Tableau for following Formula / Formula Set:

ii) {(P ˅ Q) ˄ R, ¬P ˅ ¬Q, ¬P}

i) P→Q ii) P → Q iii) P→Q iv) P ˅ Q → R

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