ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

SESSION- 2022-23
SUBJECT -POLITICAL SCIENCE
CLASS – XII

NAME _____________

SECTION ____________

1
 TABLE OF CONTENT
CHPAPTER (BOOK 1) Page Number

CHAPTER-1 : THE COLD WAR ERA 04-06

CHAPTER-2 THE END OF BIPOLARITY 07-08

CHAPTER-3 U.S. HEGEMONY IN WORLD POLITICS 09-10

CHAPTER-4 : ALTERNATIVE CENTERS OF POWER 11-12

CHAPTER-5 : CONTEMPORARY SOUTH ASIA 13-15

CHAPTER-6 : INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION 16-18

CHAPTER-7 SECURITY IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD 19-20

CHAPTER-8 ENVIRONMENTAND NATURAL RESOURCES 21-22

CHAPTER-9 GLOBALIZATION 23-24

CHPAPTER (BOOK 1) Page Number

CHAPTER-1 CHALLENGES OF NATION BUILDING 26-28

CHAPTER-2 ERA OF ONE PARTY DOMINANCE IN INDIAN 29-30

CHAPTER-3 POLITICS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT 31-32

CHAPTER-4 INDIAS EXTERNAL RELATIONS 33-34

CHAPTER-5 CHALLENGES TO AND RESTORATION OF CONGRESS 35-36

CHAPTER 6- CRISIS OF DEMOCRATIC ORDER 37-39

CHAPTER-7 RISE OF POPULAR 40-41

CHAPTER 8- CHAPTER-8 REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS 42-43

CHAPTER 9- RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN POLITICS 44-45

SAMPLE PAPERS AND MIXED QUESTION BAGS 46-53

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Political Science Syllabus and course content: Class XII Book -1

1. Cold War Era in World Politics:

Emergence of two power blocs after the second world war. Arenas of the cold war.
Challenges to Bipolarity: Non Aligned Movement, quest for new international economic
order. India and the cold war.

2. Disintegration of the „Second World‟ and the Collapse of Bipolarity:

New entities in world politics: Russia, Balkan states and, Central Asian states, Introduction of
democratic politics and capitalism in post-communist regimes. India‘s relations with Russia
and other post-communist countries.

3. US Dominance in World Politics:

Growth of unilateralism: Afghanistan, first Gulf War, response to 9/11 and attack on Iraq.
Dominance and challenge to the US in economy and ideology. India‘s renegotiation of its
relationship with the USA.

4. Alternative Centres of Economic and Political Power:

Rise of China as an economic power in post-Mao era, creation and expansion of European
Union, ASEAN. India‘s changing relations with China.

5. South Asia in the Post-Cold War Era:

Democratisation and its reversals in Pakistan and Nepal. Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. Impact
of economic globalization on the region. Conflicts and efforts for peace in South Asia. India‘s
relations with its neighbours.

6. International Organizations in a unipolar World:

Restructuring and the future of the UN. India‘s position in the restructured UN. Rise of new
international actors: new international economic organisations, NGOs. How democratic and
accountable are the new institutions of global governance?

7. Security in Contemporary World:

Traditional concerns of security and politics of disarmament. Non-traditional or human
security: global poverty, health and education. Issues of human rights and migration.

8. Environment and Natural Resources in Global Politics.

Environment movement and evolution of global environmental norms. Conflicts
over traditional and common property resources. Rights of indigenous people. India‘s
stand in global environmental debates.

9. Globalisation and Its Critics.

Economic, cultural and political manifestations. Debates on the nature of
consequences of globalisation. Anti-globalisation movements. India as an arena of
globalization and struggles against it

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 CHAPTER 1: Cold War Era in World Politics:

v CONTENTS
• Two super powers –America and Russia
• Nonaligned Movement
• Newly decolonized Asian and African countries
• Arenas of Cold War
• Challenges to Bipolarity
• New International Economic Order
• India and the Cold War

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. What is meant by the term Logic of Deterrence?

2. Give the significance of Bandung Conference.

3. Discuss the contradictory views on the justification of dropping of Atom on Japan?

4. What was the Cuban Crisis? How was it significant to the cold war?

5. Who is Sukarno?

6. Write a note on the New International Economic order and the reform proposed by New
Trade policy under UNCAD?

7. In what ways Non-aligned posture served India’s interests?

8. ‘The Cold war produced an arms race as well as arms controls.’’ What were the reasons
for both these developments.?

9. Assess India’s role in the survival of NAM.

10. Mention six objectives of Non-alignment.?

11. Why did the Superpowers need military alliances with smaller countries.?

LEVEL -2 (4 /6 MARKS)
1. Sometimes it is said that the Cold War was a simple struggle for power and that
ideology had nothing to do with it. Do you agree with this? Give one example
to support your position.

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 2. What was India’s foreign policy towards the US and USSR during the Cold
War era? Do you think that this policy helped India’s interests?
3. What do you think about the statement that NAM has become irrelevant today.
Give reasons to support your opinion.
4. Suppose the Cold War had not taken place and there were several major
powers at the end of the Second World War. How would that situation have
affected India’s foreign policy? Identify any three aspects or regions and
imagine the difference.
5. Evaluate the NIEO of 1970s.
6. Discuss the various arms control treaties signed between 1963 and 1993.
7. How is NAM relevant in the present world scenario? Do you feel India should
continue its membership with NAM? Defend your answer with appropriate
facts.
8. Name any 5 countries which were decolonized following the end of Second
World War.
9. The Cold war produced an arms race as well as arms control. What were the
reasons for both of these developments?
10. Explain the major 6 Arms control treaties signed by US and USSR.
11. All the foundational leaders of NAM had definite reasons. Explain.

Picture based question: Refer to the cartoon and answer the following questions:
1. What do you infer from the picture? How did it come in the favour of India and USSR?
2. What is your opinion on American misadventure in Vietnam?

CASE STUDY: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that
follow:

The western alliance was formalized into an organization, the North Atlantic Treaty
organization (NATO), which came into existence in April, 1949. It was an association of

5
twelve states which declared that armed attack on any one of them in Europe or North
America would be regarded as an attack on all of them. Each of these states would be
obliged to help the other. The eastern alliance, known as the Warsaw Pact, was led by
the Soviet Union. It was created in 1955 and its principal function was to counter
NATO’s forces in Europe. International alliances during the Cold War era were
determined by the requirements of the superpowers and the calculations of the smaller
states. As noted above, Europe became the main arena of conflict between the
superpowers. In some cases, the superpowers used their military power to bring
countries into their respective alliances. Soviet intervention in east Europe provides and
example. The Soviet Union used its influence in eastern Europe, backed by the very
large presence of its armies in the countries of the region, to ensure that the eastern half
of Europe remained within its sphere of influence. In east and southeast Asia and in
West Asia (Middle East), the united States built an alliance system called – the
Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) and the Central Treaty Organization 1
(CENTO). The Soviet Union and communist China responded by having close relations
with regional countries such as North Vietnam, North Korea and Iraq.
1. When was NATO formed?
a. June 1949
b. March 1949
c. February 1949
d. April 1949

2. How many states were associated with NATO?

a. Eleven states
b. Twelve states
c. Ten states
d. Nine states

Think Tank: Complete the web chart given below by stating your perspective:

Learnings from WW I 'Smart Game Plan by

and II: US'
1. 1.
2. 2

Learnings from Nehru's NAM Peace and Negotiations’ > 'War and
as an international Stance Violence'
1. 1.
2. 2.

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 CHAPTER-2 THE END OF BIPOLARITY

v CONTENTS
• What was the Soviet System?
• Gorbachev and the Disintegration
• Why did the Soviet Union Disintegrate?
• Consequences of Disintegration
• Shock Therapy in Post – communist Regimes
• Consequences of Shock Therapy
• India and Post – communist Countries

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. What do you understand by Socialist Bloc?
2. In what way Soviet Union lagged behind the west?
3. What is meant by the Shock Therapy? Give its effects?
4. What was the largest garage sale in history?
5. How has the Soviet Union become stagnant in an administrative and Political sense?
6. Write a note on Boris Yeltsin?
7. Explain economic, social, political and military relation of India with Russia?
8. What were the factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate the reforms in the U.S.S.R.?
9. What is Perestroika? Give two features?

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. Trace out the tension and conflicts in Central Asia?
2. Mention any three features that distinguish the Soviet economy from that of a capitalist
country like the US.
3. What were the factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate the reforms in the USSR?
4. What were the major consequences of the disintegration of the Soviet Union for
countries like India?
5. What was Shock Therapy? Was this the best way to make a transition from communism
to capitalism?
6. Write an essay for or against the following proposition: “With the disintegration of the
second world, India should change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with
the US rather than with traditional friends like Russia”.
7. Chronology is an important attribute of facts. In this context draw the timeline of USSR’s
disintegration.
8. What were the repercussion of the collapse of Soviet Union?
9. How did the collapse of Soviet Union impact India?

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10. Write a short note on the shock therapy. In your perspective, was the transition accorded
in the right way?
11. Enlist the consequences of shock therapy.
12. Post disintegration how did Central Asia emerge as a strong power? Draw significance
on the need of Judiciary to be established in Central Asia?
13. How did Central Asia support Russia’s revival in the world politics?
14. Explain the tensions and conflicts among the republics post the disintegration of USSR.
15. India and Russia have long record of friendship and commitment. Explain in the light of
pre and post era.
16. Draw a web chart describing all the leaders of the Soviet System.
17. D/B between Unipolar, Bipolar and a Multi polar world. Give examples.
18. According to you what went wrong at USSR’S end which led to its downfall? If given a
chances, how would have you planned the re growth of the economy?

Picture based question: Identify the Leaders marked as A and B. Write few lines on their
contribution in shaping the Soviet economy.

A.

B.

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 CHAPTER-3 U.S. HEGEMONY IN WORLD POLITICS

v CONTENTS
• Beginning of the New World order.
• 9/11 and the Global War on Terror
• What does Hegemony mean
• Hegemony as Hard power
• Hegemony as Structural power
• Hegemony as Soft power
• Constraints on American Power
• India’s relationship with the US
• How can Hegemony be overcome?

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. What is operation Desert storm?

2. Define Bandwagon strategy ?
3. Explain first gulf war?
4. Examine US military action domain Clinton Era?
5. Discuss India’s relation with America ?
6. Give any two weakness under Jefferson Bill Clinton in America?
7. Write a short note on Iraq invasion ?
8. Define Hegemony . ‘ Explain America as Hard Power, soft power and structural
Power?
9. What are the constraints on American Hegemony today?
10. Explain 9/11 attack give any two of its effects?

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. Mention three ways in which US dominance is different from its position as a

super Power during the Cold war.
2. Explain America’s annual defence expenditure with help of a flow chart.
3. “If big and resourceful states cannot resist the US hegemony, it is unrealistic
to expect much smaller and weaker non-state actors to offer any
resistance.” Examine this proposition and give your opinion.
4. What are the constraints on American hegemony today? Which one of these
do you expect to get more important in the future ?
5. What does the term War Crime signifies?
6. Examine the logic ‘hide” in terms of US Hegemony.

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7. Describe the process by which US hegemony got established .
8. . How can US hegemony in the world politics be checked .?
9. Describe India’s relationship with the US .

Picture based question: Study the following cartoon and answer the questions

1. What do you infer from this cartoon? Explain in detail.

Think Tank: Study the cartoon below and answer the following
questions:

a. How is china planning to become the ‘New’ Super power?

b. How has China’s tough competition to US impacted India?
c. How is Joe Biden addressing the ‘New Hegemony’ moves by
China?

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 CHAPTER-4 ALTERNATIVE CENTERS OF POWER

v CONTENTS
• European Union
• ASEAN
• China a global Economic Power
• Objectives of European Power and ASEAN
• The Rise of Chinese Economy
• India China Relations in Unipolar World

LEVEL-1 1 /2 MARKS
1. Define Marshall plan ?
2. What is Maastricht treaty ?
3. Mention three pillars of ASEAN community ?
4. What are the three main objectives of ASEAN Economic community ?
5. Trace India’s relation with China from 1962 till 2011?
6. What are the objectives of establishing regional organisations?
7. How does geographical proximity influence the formation of regional
organisations?
8. What are the components of the ASEAN Vision 2020?
9. Name the pillars and the objectives of the ASEAN Community.

LEVEL-2 4 / 6MARKS

1. In what ways does the present Chinese economy differs from its command economy?
2. How did the European countries resolve their post-Second World War problem?
Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation of the European Union.
3. What makes the European Union a highly influential regional organisation?
4. The emerging economies of China and India have great potential to challenge
the unipolar world. Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate your
arguments.
5. The Peace and prosperity of countries lay in the establishment and
strengthening of regional economic organisations. Justify this statement.
6. Identify the contentious issues between China and India. How could these be
resolved for greater cooperation? Give your suggestions.
7. What was the European Flag stands for?
8. Is there any possibility of becoming the member of European Union countries?
9. Explain the role of the European Union as a supranational organization.

Picture based question: Study the following cartoon and answer the questions

A.

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 1. Which policy of India can be recognized from the picture above?
2. How far was the policy successful?
B.

1. The given cartoon is related to which country?

2. Which two symbols in the image form a basis of identifying the country?
3. Which message does this cartoon convey?

C.

1. Which country does this cartoon refer to?

2. Evaluate the changes in this country from ‘then’ to ‘now’?
3. Assess any two economic changes observed in the country.

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 CHAPTER-5 CONTEMPORARY SOUTH ASIA

v CONTENTS

• Meaning of South Asia

• Democracy as the political model of South Asia
• India Pakistan conflict
• Relationship – India and its neighbours
• Peace and cooperation-SAARC, SAPTA, SAFTA
• Establishment and restoration of democracy in Bangladesh,
Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. Mention the full form of SAFTA and SAARC. What was the
basic reason for the formation of SAARC. ?
2. Mention any two problems India is facing with Pakistan?
3. State any six objectives of SAARC?
4. Examine the concept of SAPTA?
5. Discuss the factors responsible for Pakistan’s failure is
building a stable democracy?
6. What are some of the commonalities and differences
between Bangladesh and Pakistan in their democratic
experiences?
7. List three challenges to democracy in Nepal.

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. Name the principal players in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. How do you
assess the prospects of the resolution of this conflict?
2. Mention some of the recent agreements between India and Pakistan. Can we be
sure that the two countries are well on their way to a friendly relationship?
3. Mention two areas each of cooperation and disagreement between
India and Bangladesh.
4. How are the external powers influencing bilateral relations in South Asia?
Take any one example to illustrate your point.
5. Write a short note on the role and the limitations of SAARC as a forum
for facilitating economic cooperation among the South Asian countries.
6. India’s neighbours often think that the Indian government tries to dominate and
interfere in the domestic affairs of the smaller countries of the region. Is this a
correct impression?
7. What makes the South Asian region very turbulent?
8. “ Inspite of ongoing conflict , Sri Lanka has registered considerable economic
9. Growth and recorded high levels of human development .

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10. What were the causes for popular struggle in East Pakistan ( Bangladesh ) Against West
Pakistan ? What were their demands ? What were its results ?

Picture based question: Study the following cartoon and answer the questions

1. A. Which ‘dilemma ’ is highlighted in the cartoon?

2. B. What do you infer from the given cartoon?

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 3. C. How can you illustrate this cartoon in the present scenario?

Think Tank: Read the Editorial by the Hindu and enlist any five steps to be taken by
SAARC for combating with the issues underlined in the article:
South Asia, one of the world’s most populous regions, is also affected by the COVID-19
pandemic. Both Karachi and Mumbai, among the world’s most densely populated cities,
where we live and work, are being overwhelmed by cases. While the death rate in these places
may not be as alarming as in Europe and the U.S., the collateral damage of the lockdown is
taking its own toll. While there are many differences amongst the countries of the region, there
are also common features which impact the health of its people, some of them a result of our
shared cultural and geopolitical history. The collective experience of dealing with COVID-19
may provide important lessons, which transcend national boundaries. South Asian countries
have invested very little in health. This is reflected in our abysmally low health parameters. It
is interesting that Britain, which formulated our health policies before independence, went on
to form one of the world’s strongest public health systems, the National Health Service,
whereas its South Asian colonies chose to stray from that path. This resulted in a dysfunctional
public healthcare system. Hunger, malnutrition, poor sanitation and large-scale migration are
features of this region. Existing infectious diseases like TB, HIV and malaria have been
worsened by emerging ones like dengue, chikungunya, healthcare-associated infections and
antimicrobial resistance. The region is also an epicentre of an epidemic of lifestyle
diseases. Constant internal and external conflicts in South Asia not only consume a large
portion of national budgets, but also divert the attention of the public and policymakers from
healthcare needs. Defence budgets take the largest share of national budgets, and
obviously adversely impact social sector spending. Underfunded public health is going
to hinder our capacity to fight COVID-19.- The Hindu

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 CHAPTER -6

INTERNATIONALORGANISATION

• International Organisations- nature, goal, objectives.

• United nations –aims and objectives
• Restructuring of the United Nations
• India’s involvement in UN
• Achievements of United Nations in the Unipolar
• Reform of UNs structures and processes

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. Name the UN secretaries General from the year 1946-2011?

2. While a short note on:(a) IMF (b) World Bank (c) Amnesty international (d)
Human right watch (e) ) International Atomic Energy
3. What criteria have been proposed for new permanent and non-
permanent members of the Security Council ?
4. What changes have occurred in the functioning of the UN after the cold War?
5. What are the functions of the Security Council?

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. As a citizen of India, how would you support India’s candidature for

the permanent membership of the Security Council? Justify your
proposal.
2. Critically evaluate the difficulties involved in implementing the suggested
reforms to reconstruct the UN.
3. Though the UN has failed in preventing wars and related miseries, nations prefer
its continuation.
4. What makes the UN an indispensable organisation?
5. ‘Reforming the UN means restructuring of the Security Council’. Do you
agree with this statement? Give arguments for or against this position.
6. What are the aims and objectives of the United Nations?
7. What are the methods used by the United Nations to achieve its aims? Q15.
What steps should be taken To strengthen the UNO ?
8. What is Veto Power ? Why the move to abolish or modify the Veto
system has not been successful ?

- Identify the pictures given below and write few lines on it:-

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Case Study Based: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The UN was founded as a successor to the League of Nations. It was established in1945
immediately after the Second World War. The organization was set up through the
signing of the United Nations Charter by 51 states. It tried to achieve what the League
could not between the two world wars. The UN’s objective is to prevent international
conflict and to facilitate cooperation among states. It was founded with the hope that it
would act to stop the conflicts between states escalating into war and, if war broke out,
to limit the extent of hostilities. Furthermore, since conflicts often arose from the lack of
social and economic development, the UN was intended to bring countries.

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1. The UN Security Council have ______Permanent members and _______non- permanent
members.

(a) Ten permanent and fifteen non -permanent member countries

(b) Ten permanent and ten non -permanent member countries
(c) Ten permanent and five non -permanent member countries
(d) Five permanent and ten non- permanent countries

2. WTO is serving as the successor to which of the following organisations:

a) General Agreement on Trade and Tariff
b) General Arrangement on Trade and Tariff
c) World Health Organisation
d) UN Development Programme

3. In the question below, there are two statements marked as Assertion(A) and
Reason(R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion- We should keep in mind that the membership of the UN Security
Council was expanded from 11 to 15 in 1965.
Reason- UN General Assembly members now has developing countries.
a) If both(A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) If both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) If (A) is true but (R) is false.
d) If (A) is false but (R) is true.

4. In the question below, there are two statements marked as Assertion(A) and Reason(R).
Read the statements and choose the correct option
Assertion- The present Secretary-General of UNO is Antonio Guterres.
Reason- He took over as the Secretary-General on 1 January 2019.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.
d) (A) is correct but the (R) is incorrect.

5. Secretary-General of UNO is appointed by the –

a) UNSC on the recommendation of General Assembly.

b) Permanent members of UNSC
c) Members of General Assembly by process of voting
d) General Assembly on the recommendation of Security Council.

6. The ILO has its headquarter in -

a) New York
b) Washington
c) Geneva
d) UK

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 CHAPTER-7 SECURITY IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD

v CONTENTS:-
• Traditional Notions of Security
• Non Traditional Notions of Security
• Balance of Power
• Alliance Building
• Global security, Terrorism, Human Security, Global poverty, Health

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. Define Global poverty.

2. What is Terrorism? Why do Terrorist create terror?
3. Explain Health Epidemics as the threat to the world security?
4. What is the difference between traditional and non-traditional security?
5. Which category would the creation and sustenance of alliances belong to?
6. What are the differences in the threats that people in the Third World face
and those living in the First World face?
7. Is terrorism a traditional or non-traditional threat to security?
8. What are the choices available to a state when its security is threatened, according
to the traditional security perspective?
9. What is ‘Balance of Power’? How could a state achieve this?
10. What is human security?
11. What are health epidemics, name a few.
12. What are confidence building measures?
13. What are BWC‘s and CWC‘s?
14. Who are Migrants and Refugees?
15. Define the following
a. Confidence Building Measures (CBMs)
b. Arms Control
c. Alliance
Disarmament

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. What are the objectives of military alliances? Give an example of a

functioning military alliance with its specific objectives.
2. Rapid environmental degradation is causing a serious threat to security. Do you
agree with the statement? Substantiate your arguments.

19
3. Nuclear weapons as deterrence or defence have limited usage
against contemporary security threats to states. Explain the statement.
4. Looking at the Indian scenario, what type of security has been given priority in
5. India, traditional or non-traditional? What examples could you cite to
substantiate the argument?
6. What is confidence building ? How does it function as a means of avoiding
Violence ?
7. State the various components of India’s security strategy .
8. How can a problem qualify as a threat?
9. Is terrorism a traditional or non-traditional threat to security?
10. What are the choices available to a state when its security is threatened, according to the
traditional security perspective?
11. What are the objectives of military alliances? Give an example of a functioning military
alliance with its specific objectives.
12. How has Global poverty contributed to insecurity in the world?

Identify the pictures given below and comment upon its application in the present global
world:

20
 CHAPTER-8 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

v CONTENTS:-

• Growing significance of Environment

• Global commons
• Resources Geopolitics competition
• Indigenous people
• India’s stand on Environmental debates

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. Define Kyoto protocol

2. What is Agenda 21
3. Discuss six steps taken by India to control Environmental issues?
4. What is meant by the global commons? How are they exploited and polluted?
5. What is meant by ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’? How could we
Implement the idea?
6. Why have issues related to global environmental protection become the
priority concern of states since the 1990s?

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. Compromise and accommodation are the two essential policies required by

states to save planet Earth. Substantiate the statement in the light of the ongoing
negotiations between the North and South on environmental issues.
2. The most serious challenge before the states is pursuing economic development
without causing further damage to the global environment. How could we achieve
this? Explain with a few examples.
3. What were the outcomes of Rio –summit?
4. Oil as an important resource in Global strategy affects the geo-politics and Global
economy Comment.
5. Q12. Write a note on the UNs definition and rights of indigenous peoples.
6. Examine the different nature of Environmental issues that fall within World politics.
7. Give the concept of resources geopolitics?
8. Read this extract from the Rio Declaration and answer the following questions: “States
shall cooperate in the spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the
health and integrity of the earth’s ecosystem. In view of the different contributions of the
global environmental degradation, states have common but differentiated
responsibilities.”
a) Give two examples of the ecosystem being talked about here.

21
b) Which part of the world has greater responsibility for
c) environmental protection? And why?
d) To what extent was this spirit followed by the states in their action since
the Rio Summit?
9. Discuss the various declarations and conventions relating to common
but differentiated responsibilities.

Identify the pictures given below and comment upon its application in the present global
world-

22
 CHAPTER-9 GLOBALIZATION

v CONTENTS
• Concept of Globalization-Economic, Political, Cultural and
Technology dimension
• Causes of Globalization
• Impact of Globalization
• India and Globalization
• Resistance to Globalization

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. Define Globalization.
2. What does liberalization leads to?
3. What is worldwide interconnectedness? What are its components?
4. How has technology contributed to globalisation

LEVEL-2 4 /6 MARKS

1. Critically evaluate the impact of the changing role of the state in the
developing countries in the light of globalisation.
2. What are the economic implications of globalisation? How has
globalisation impacted on India with regard to this particular dimension?
3. Do you agree with the argument that globalisation leads to cultural
heterogeneity?
4. How globalisation impacted on India? What is India’s coping technique?
5. What does globalization include? What are two thrust areas of Globalization?
6. Explain the negative and positive effects of Globalization?
7. What has been India’s experience in resisting Globalization?
8. Describe India’s resistance to globalization

Read this passage and answer the following questions:

“If globalisation is about the flows of ideas, capital, commodities, and people, it is perhaps
logical to ask if there is anything novel about this phenomenon. Globalisation in terms of
these four flows has taken place through much of human history. However, those who argue
that there is

23
something distinct about contemporary globalisation point out that it is
the scale and speed of these flows that account for the uniqueness of
globalisation.”
a. Give an example of each of these four flows that
distinguishes globalisation from similar flows in earlier times.
b. Can we conclude from this way of looking at globalisation that it is
essentially economic and always positive? Give examples

Answer the following questions based on the mind map given below:
a. Name any five countries India has recently signed the Bilateral Trade agreements.
b. The most ‘happening’ American food outlets in India
c. Which are the famous electronics brands of America and China traded at large in
India?
d. If given a chance which countries culture would you like to imbibe in? Why?
e. What are easiest ways of e-connection among family and friends in different parts
of the world today?
f. Name any five famous educational institutes of any two continents other India.
Given a chance, which one would you want yourself to be admitted to?
g. How is India’s medical facility when compared to other developed countries?
How can we make it more pro-poor?

There have been left wing protests to economic liberalisation voiced through political

24
Political Science Syllabus and course content: Class XII Book -II

1. Era of One-Party Dominance:

First three general elections, nature of Congress dominance at the national level, uneven
dominance at the state level, coalitional nature of Congress. Major opposition parties.

2. Nation-Building and Its Problems:

Nehru‘s approach to nation-building: Legacy of partition: challenge of ̳refugee‘ Resettlement,
the Kashmir problem. . Organization and reorganization of states; Political Conflicts over
language.

3. Politics of Planned Development:

Five year plans, expansion of state sector and the rise of new economic interests. Famine and
suspension of five year plans. Green revolution and its political fallouts.

4. India’s External Relations:

Nehru‘s foreign policy. Sino-Indian war of 1962, Indo-Pak war of 1965 and 1971. India‘s
nuclear programme and shifting alliances in world politics. ,.

5. Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System:

Political succession after Nehru. Non-Congresses and electoral upset of 1967, Congress split
and reconstitution, Congress‘ victory in 1971 elections, politics of ̳garibi hatao‘.

6. Crisis of the Constitutional Order:

Search for ̳committed‘ bureaucracy and judiciary. Navnirman movement in Gujarat and the
Bihar movement. Emergency: context, constitutional and extra-constitutional dimensions,
resistance to emergency. 1977 elections and the formation of Janata Party. Rise of civil
liberties organisations.

7. Regional Aspirations and Conflicts:

Rise of regional parties. Punjab crisis and the anti-Sikh riots of 1984. The Kashmir Situation.
Challenges and responses in the North East.

8. Rise of New Social Movements:

Farmers‘ movements, Women‘s movement, Environment and Development-affected people‘s
movements. Implementation of Mandal Commission report and its aftermath.

9. Democratic Upsurge and Coalition Politics:

Participatory upsurge in 1990s. Rise of the JD and the BJP. Increasing role of regional parties
and coalition politics. UF and NDA governments. Elections 2004 and UPA government.

Parties

25
 CHAPTER-1 CHALLENGES OF NATION BUILDING

v CONTENTS:-
• Challenges of Nation Building
• Partition of India
• Integration of Princely States
• Reorganization of States
• Role of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

LEVEL -1 1 /2 MARKS

1. Whose speech was the “ tryst with destiny”

2. Explain the concept of “ Two Nation theory’’.
3. Why did Amritsar and Kolkata become ‘ communal zones?
4. What do you mean by British paramountcy

LEVEL -2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. Examine the three challenges which Independent India faced for Nation building
2. Discuss the problems involved with Integration of princely state Any four points
3. Explain the problem faced by the states like Hyderabad and Manipur.
4. What was the task of the States Reorganisation Commission? What was
its salient recommendations.
5. Describe four features that make India a Nation.
6. Write a short note Potti Sriramulu.
7. When was the following States created-a) Gujarat, b) Meghalaya c) Assam
8. Describe the consequences of partition .

A. Read the conversation below stating two opinions and answer the given question:
o Bismay: “The merger with the Indian State was an extension of democracy to the
people of the Princely States.”
o Inderpreet: “I am not so sure, there was force being used. Democracy comes by
creating consensus.”
§ What is your own opinion in the light of accession of Princely States and
the responses of the people in these parts?

26
B. Read the following very different statements made in August 1947 – “Today you
have worn on your heads a crown of thorns. The seat of power is a nasty thing.
You have to remain ever wakeful on that seat….you have to be more humble and
forbearing…now there will be no end to your being tested.” — M.K GANDHI
“…India will awake to a life of freedom….we step out from the old to the new…we end
today a period of ill fortune and India discovers herself again. The achievement we
celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity…” — JAWAHARLAL
NEHRU
§ Spell out the agenda of nation building that flows from these two
statements. Which one appeals more to you and why?

C. Read the following passage and answer the questions below:

“In the history of nation-building only the Soviet experiment bears comparison with the
Indian. There too, a sense of unity had to be forged between many diverse ethnic groups,
religious, linguistic communities and social classes. The scale – geographic as well as
demographic – was comparably massive. The raw material the state had to work with was
equally unpropitious: a people divided by faith and driven by debt and disease.”
— RAMACHANDRA GUHA
a. List the commonalities that the author mentions between India and Soviet Union
and give one example for each of these from India.
b. The author does not talk about dissimilarities between the two experiments. Can
you mention two dissimilarities?
c. In retrospect which of these two experiment worked better and why?

D. Read the passage mentioned below and answer the following questions

“we should begin to work in that spirit and in course of time all these angularities of the
majority and minority communities, the Hindu community and the Muslim community –
because even as regards Muslims you have Pathans, Punjabis, Shias, Sunnis and so on and
among the Hindus you have Brahmins, Vaishnavas, Khatris, also Bengalees, Madrasis, and
so on – will vanish. .... You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to
your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to
any religion or caste or creed – that has nothing to do with the business of the State”- Jinnah

o Do you think that Jinnah’s statement contradicts the theory which was the basis of
creation of Pakistan? Justify
o Were all Muslim majority areas in the favour of Partition? Give an example to defend or
refute
o What was proportion of Muslim population as per 1951 census?

a. 14 per cent of total population

b. 12 per cent of total population
c. 11 per cent of total population
d. 18 per cent of total population

Picture Based: Read the picture given below and answer the questions:

27
 (a) What is the picture depicting?
(b) Give was the effects of this scene?
(c) Name the leaders of the two countries involved?

Map Based: Read the map and answer the following questions:-

1) Name the original state from which the following states were
carved out: Gujarat, Haryana, Meghalaya Chhattisgarh
2) Name two states that were affected by the Partition of the
country.
3) Name two states today that were once a Union Territory.

28
 CHAPTER-2 ERA OF ONE PARTY DOMINANCE IN NDIAN POLITICS

v CONTENT:-
• Challenges of Building Democracy
• Dominance of Congress in the first three general elections
• Nature of Congress dominance
• Congress as social and ideological coalition
• Faction-Tolerance and management of Factions
• Emergence of opposition

LEVEL-1 1 / 2 MARKS

1. Who founded the Indian national congress and why?

2. When was the Institutional Revolution party founded by
whom?
3. Take a political map of India and mark:-
A. Two state where congress was not in power at some point domains 1952-67?
B. Two state where the congress remained in power through this period
C. When was the Swatantra Party formed? List some important leaders of this
party.
D. Give the main differences between Mexico and India under one party
domination.
E. Point out any two differences between Bhartiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra
Party.

LEVEL-2 4/6 MARKS

1. Did the prevalence of a one party dominant system affect adversely the
democratic Nature of Indian politics.?
2. Give any four reasons for the dominance of the Congress?
3. Explain communist victory in Kerala.
4. 10. “ The extent of the victory of the Congress in the first three general elections
was artificially boosted by our electoral system .” Do you agree with the
statement ? Justify.

Q. Read the following passage and answer the questions below:

“Patel, the organisational man of the Congress, wanted to purge the Congress of other
political groups and sought to make of it a cohesive and disciplined political party. He ….
sought to take the Congress away from its all-embracing character and turn it into a close-
knit party of disciplined cadres. Being a ‘realist’ he looked more for discipline than for
comprehension. While Gandhi took too romantic a view of “carrying on the movement,”

29
Patel’s idea of transforming the Congress into strictly political party with a single ideology
and tight discipline showed an equal lack of understanding of the eclectic role that the
Congress, as a government, was to be called upon to perform in the decades to follow.” —
RAJNI KOTHARI

A. Why does the author think that Congress should not have been a
cohesive and disciplined party?
B. Give some examples of the eclectic role of the Congress party in the early
years.
C. Why does the author say that Gandhi’s view about Congress’ future was
romantic?

Cartoon Based: Read the cartoon below and answer the following questions:

i. What does the term tug of war refer to?

ii. Write the role of opposition during that period?

Think Tank: In the flow chart given below mention the key area of differences
in the Congress led by Nehru and the present Congress led by Rahul Gandhi

•NEHRU •Rahul Gandhi

Positives Positives

Negatives Negatives

•Key •Key
Differences Differences

30
 CHAPTER-3 POLITICS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT

v CONTENTS:-

• Planning
• The early initiatives
• Towards Planning and development
• Five year Plans
• Major outcomes of Planning
• Green Revolution and its effects

LEVEL-1 1 / 2 MARKS

1. Define planning. Did India adopt planning? Give the pattern of

planning India adopted?
2. What is Bombay Plan?
3. Explain White Revolution in Gujarat?
4. Write a note on food crisis in Bihar?
5. What is the Kerala model of planning?
6. Why did India opt for more emphasis on the public sector than the private
sector?
7. Define mixed economy?

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. What is left and what is right in political parties?

2. What is Green revolution? Why did it failed? (Any four points)
3. Describe the results of early phase of planned development in
India .
4. How a five year plan is prepared ? What is its advantage ?

Read the following passage and answer the questions below:

“In the early years of Independence, two contradictory tendencies were already
well advanced inside the Congress party. On the one hand, the national party executive
endorsed socialist principles of state ownership, regulation and control over key sectors of
the economy in order to improve productivity and at the same time curb economic
concentration. On the other hand, the national Congress government pursued liberal
economic policies and incentives to private investment that was justified in terms of the sole
criterion of achieving maximum increase in production. “ — FRANCINE FRANKEL

31
 (a) What is the contradiction that the author is talking about? What would be the
political implications of a contradiction like this?
(b) If the author is correct, why is it that the Congress was pursuing this
policy? Was it related to the nature of the opposition parties?
(c) Was there also a contradiction between the central leadership of the
Congress party and its Sate level leaders?

Picture Based: Study the following cartoon and answer the following questions :

a. Name the leader in this picture?

b. Explain the picture?

Graph Based: Q. Study the following Bar graph and answer the following questions :

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:-
A. Which sector was given importance in the first and second five year plans?
B. Give reasons why the allocation to power sector was low?
C. Why were social services given importance in both the plans? Give reasons.

32
 CHAPTER-4 INDIAS EXTERNAL RELATIONS

v CONTENTS:-
• India’s external relation
• Policy of Non-alignment
• Nehru’s role in maintaining foreign relations
• India’s role in Afro-Asian Unity
• India’s nuclear policy
• Indo- Pak conflict
• Bangladesh War of 1971

LEVEL-1 1 / 2 MARKS

1. What do you mean by foreign policy?

2. What is the significance of Bandung conference?
3. Who was the architect of India’s foreign policy? List the three basic objective
of Nehru foreign policy ?
4. Write a short note on India’s nuclear policy?
5. Mention the constitutional principles written in Article
6. Describe India’ s relation with China?
7. Explain Bangladesh war of 1971
8. What is known as Kargil conflict?
9. List the DPSP which are related to the promotion of International peace and security.
10. What was the impact of Nehru in the framing of Indian foreign policy?
11. Discuss the two impacts of the 1962 war on politics in India.
12. How has the issue of Tibet embittered relations between India and China
13. What is the CTBT? Why did India not sign it?
14. What is no first use deterrence approach of India?
15. What was the Tibet crisis? How has it affected Indo-China relations?
16. What is the LOOK EAST policy? Why is it relevant to India
17. What was the Tashkent declaration?
18. What was the Shimla Accord?
19. Briefly discuss India‘s Nuclear policy.
20. Write a short note on the following:

a. Panchsheel Agreement
b. Simla Accord
c. Tashkent declaration
d. DPSP as a basis of foreign policy.

LEVEL-2 (4 6MARKS )

33
 1. Why did Nehru regard conduct of foreign relations as an essential indicator
of independence? State any two reasons with examples to support your reading.
2. “The conduct of foreign affairs is an outcome of a two-way interaction
between domestic compulsions and prevailing international climate”. Take one
example from India’s external relations in the 1960s to substantiate your answer.
3. Identify any two aspects of India’s foreign policy that you would like to retain and two
that you would like to change, if you were to become a decision maker. Give reasons to
support your position.
4. Write short notes on the following.:-
§ India’s Nuclear policy
§ Consensus in foreign policy matters

v Read this passage and answer the questions below:

“Broadly, non-alignment means not tying yourself off with military blocs….It means trying
to view things, as far as possible, not from the military point of view, though that has to
come in sometimes, but independently, and trying to maintain friendly relations with all
countries.” — JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
i. Why does Nehru want to keep off military blocs?
ii. Do you think that the Indo-Soviet friendship treaty violated the principle of non-
alignment? Give reasons for your answer.
iii. If there were no military blocs, do you think non-alignment would have been
unnecessary?
iv. Fill in the blanks:
§ Vajpayee went to China in ______. The communist party split in _______, Nehru‘s
defence minister was________.ARC was held in the year____ and the 1st NAM summit
was held at_______ in_____.
V. The First Summit of the NAM was held in Belgrade in:

a. September 1916 September 1960

b. September 1963 September 1961
c. September 1961 September 1961
d. September 1963 September 1916

VI. India was committed to the policy of using nuclear power only for:

a. Destruction
b. To create fear among the countries
c. Peaceful purpose
d. To use in small wars

Think Tank:

Research and Present a Fish chart : “India’s foreign

policy was built around the principles of peace and
cooperation. But India fought three wars in a space of ten
years between 1962 and 1972. Would you say that this was
a failure of foreign policy? Or would you say that this was a
result of international situations? Give reasons.

34
CHAPTER-5 CHALLENGES TO AND RESTORATION OF CONGRESS SYSTEM

v CONTENT:-
• Challenges of Political succession
• Challenges from Non-Congressism
• Era of Coalition
• Electoral verdict
• Restoration of congress

LEVEL-1 1 / 2 MARKS

1. Why were 1960 labelled as the dangerous decade?

2. What does the world “political Earth quake “signify in Indian
politics?
3. Define defection?
4. List the two challenges faced by Indira Gandhi after the 1967 election ?

LEVEL-2 4 / 6 MARKS
1. What does the term syndicate mean in the context of the Congress party of the
sixties? What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress party in 1969?
2. Discuss the major issue which led to the formal split of the Congress party 1969?
3. Give the status of SVD in the new Era of coalition.
4. What was the Electoral Verdict of the fourth general election of 1967?
5. Discuss the nature of the contest in 1971. How was the Congress (O) different from
Congress ( R) ?
6. Q10. What was’ Kamraj plan’ ?
7. Describe in brief how the political transition took place after Nehru.
8. .Describe the political and economical conditions of India before the Fourth general
elections of 1967.
9. What was the object of ‘ Garibi Hatao ‘ slogan ?

Read the passage and answer the questions below:

Indira Gandhi changed the Congress into highly centralised and undemocratic
party organisation, from the earlier federal, democratic and ideological formation that
Nehru had led…..But this… could not have happened had not Indira Gandhi changed the
entire nature of politics. This new, populist politics turned political ideology ……. Into a
mere electoral discourse, use of various slogans not meant to be translated into government
policies…… During its great electoral victories in early 1970s, amidst the celebration, the
Congress party as a political organisation died….. — SUDIPTA KAVIRAJ

35
a) What according to the author is the difference between the strategies of Nehru
and Indira Gandhi?
b) Why does the author say that the Congress party ‘died’ in the seventies?
c) In what way, did the change in the Congress party affect other political parties also?

Picture Based: Study the picture below and answer the following questions:

a) What information did you get from the picture? Support your answer.
b) Even after attaining the post of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was not
happy. Give two reasons for the same.

a. What do you infer from the cartoon?

b. Who is the ‘candidate’ in the middle? Why does he appear
to be happy

a. What is the cartoon above representing?

36
 b. Do you find this representation at present in
contemporary India?

CHAPTER-6 THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRATICORDER

v CONTENT:-

• Declaration of emergency- Crisis, response and its

effects
• Controversies regarding Emergency
• Movement in Bihar and Gujarat
• Conflict with judiciary
• Lok Sabha Election
• Janata government

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1. What do you mean by preventive detention?

2. List the new parties formed on the eve of election of 1977?
3. Throw light on the background for the imposition of emergency?
4. What reasons did the government give for declaring a national emergency
in 1975? (Any Three)?
5. Examine any four effects of emergency of 1975?
6. What was the historic decision given by the court in the famous Kesavananda
Bharti Case?
7. Write a note on Railway strike of 1974.

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. What were the reasons which led to the mid-term elections in 1980?
2. The Shah Commission was appointed in 1977 by the Janata Party Government. Why
was it appointed and what were its findings?
3. What reasons did the Government give for declaring a National Emergency in 1975?
4. The 1977 elections for the first time saw the Opposition coming into power at
the Centre. What would you consider as the reasons for this development?
5. Discuss the effects of Emergency on the following aspects of our polity.
o Effects on civil liberties for citizens.
o Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary
o Functioning of Mass Media
o Working of the Police and Bureaucracy.
6. In what way did the imposition of Emergency affect the party system in
India? Elaborate your answer with examples.

37
 Q14. Read the passage and answer the questions below:
Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977
elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the
Indian National Congress split into two groups……….. … … …The Janata Party also went
through major convulsions…..David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. — PARTHA
CHATTERJEE

a. What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977?
b. Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors
describing this period as close to a two-party system?
c. What caused splits in Congress and the Janata parties?

Picture Based: Look at the picture and answer the following questions given below:

I. Who gave the Slogan Save Democracy?

II. What information did you get from the picture? Support your answer

I. What refers to ‘Political crisis here?

38
1) Throw light upon the ‘Political situation’ of the country in the light of the given cartoon
2) What does the ‘sword’ refer here?

I. Who are the leaders in the backdrop?

II. Explain the challenges faced by Congress O under the light of this cartoon?

Think Tank: Through a flow chart explain:

A. The key area of differences in the Congress

led by Indira Gandhi and the present
Congress led by Rahul Gandhi
B. The key area of differences in the Congress
led by Indira Gandhi and the present BJP
government

39
 CHAPTER-7 RISE OF POPULAR MOVEMENTS

v CONTENT:-
• Nature of Popular Movement
• Party/ Non Party based movements
• Chipko Movement
• Dalit Panthers
• Bharatiya Kisan Union
• Anti-Arrack movement
• Narmada Bachao Aandolan

LEVEL-1 (1/2 MARKS)

1) Which protest marked the beginning of a world famous environment Movement in

our country?
2) List any four demands put forwards by Bhartiya Kisan Union?
3) Which strategy was used by Narmada Bachao Andolan (Any four)?
4) Which amendments granted reservation to women in political affairs ?

LEVEL-2 (4 /6 MARKS)

1. Identify the reasons which led to the Chipko Movement in U.P in

early 1970s. What was the impact of this movement?
2. The Bhartiya Kisan Union is a leading organisation highlighting the plight
of farmers. What were the issues addressed by it in the nineties and to what
extent were they successful?
3. The anti-arrack movement in Andhra Pradesh drew the attention of
the country to some serious issues. What were these issues?
4. Would you consider the anti-arrack movement as a women’s
movement? Why?
5. Why did the Narmada Bachao Aandolan oppose the dam projects in the
Narmada Valley?
6. Do movements and protests in a country strengthen democracy? Justify your answer with
examples.
7. What issues did the Dalit Panthers address?
8. Describe the lessons from popular movements.

40
Read the passage and answer questions below:
nearly all ‘new social movements’ have emerged as corrective to new maladies
– environmental degradation, violation of the status of women, destruction of tribal cultures
and the undermining of human rights – none of which are in and by themselves
transformative of the social order. They are in that way quite different from revolutionary
ideologies of the past. But their weakness lies in their being so heavily fragmented. …… ….
…….a large part of the space occupied by the new social movements seem to be suffering
from .. various characteristics which have prevented them from being relevant to the truly
oppressed and the poor in the form of a solid unified movement of the people. They are too
fragmented, reactive, ad hocish, providing no comprehensive framework of basic social
change. Their being anti-this or that (anti- West, anti-capitalist, anti-development, etc) does
not make them any more coherent, any more relevant to oppressed and peripheralized
communities. — RAJNI KOTHARI

a. What is the difference between new social movements and revolutionary

ideologies?
b. What according to the author are the limitations of social movements?
c. If social movements address specific issues, would you say that they are
‘fragmented’ or that they are more focused? Give reasons for your answer by
giving examples.

Picture Based: Study the ‘cartoons’ below and state the repercussions of the same:

A.

B.

41
 CHAPTER-8 REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS

v CONTENTS:-
• Indian approach
• Areas of Tension
• Roots of the problem
• Dravidian movement
• External and internal disputes
• Punjab accord and Anandpur Sahib Resolution
• Problems of North –east stern States
• Goa;s liberation

LEVEL-1 1 / 2 MARKS

1. Write a short note on “Instrument of Accession?

2. Give two significance of Article 370 of our constitution?
3. Which region is known as seven sisters?
4. Write few lines on operation Blue star?
5. Who started the Assam accord?
6. Define the concept of Regionalism? Is it Regional aspiration?
7. What is the Jammu and Kashmir problem?
8. What was the Dravidian movement, what lessons did the centre learn from it?
9. What is the relevance of articles 370, 371 and the 6th schedule?

LEVEL-2 (4/6 MARKS)

1. What were the main provisions of the Punjab accord? In what way can they be
the basis for further tensions between the Punjab and its neighbouring States?
2. Why did the Anandpur Sahib Resolution become controversial?
3. Explain the internal divisions of the State of Jammu and Kashmir and describe how
these lead to multiple regional aspirations in that State.
4. What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for
Kashmir? Which of these do you think are justifiable? Give reasons for your
answer.

42
5. The Assam movement was a combination of cultural pride and
economic backwardness. Explain.
6. All regional movements need not lead to separatist demands. Explain by
giving examples from this chapter.
7. Regional demands from different parts of India exemplify the principle of
unity with diversity. Do you agree? Give reasons.
8. Why did the Anandpur sahib resolution become so controversial?
9. The Assam movement was a combination of cultural pride and economic backwardness.
Explain.

Read the passage and answer the questions below:

One of Hazarika’s songs.. … dwells on the unity theme; the seven states of north-eastern
India become seven sisters born of the same mother. …. ‘Meghalaya went own way….,
Arunachal too separated and Mizoram appeared in Assam’s gateway as a groom to
marry another daughter.’ ….. …. .. The song ends with a determination to keep the unity of
the Assamese with other smaller nationalities that are left in the present-day Assam – ‘the
Karbis and the Mising brothers and sisters are our dear ones.’ — SANJIB BARUAH

a. Which unity is the poet talking about?

b. Why were the States of North-East created separately out of the erstwhile State of
Assam?
c. Do you think that the same theme of unity could apply to all the regions of India?
Why?

Map work: Regional aspirations of the people of North-East get expressed in

different ways. These include movements against outsiders, movement for greater
autonomy and movement for separate national existence. On the map of the North-
East, using different shades for these three, show the States where these expressions
are prominently found.

Think Tank: Quiz Time (Let us see how much we know North East)

A. The Nick Name of Northeast India

B. Which state is not included under the seven sisters of North East India?
C. Which is the only IIT in the Northeast?
D. Shillong is the capital of?
E. Which city in the Northeast is called the Gateway to the North East?
F. Name of the Folk Dance of Meghalaya?
G. Where is ” The Hornbill Festival” celebrated?
H. Which is the largest state in Northeast India?

Think Tank: Research and Present:

A. Recent Regional aspirations have been witnessed in states of Punjab and Haryana by
Farmers over the Farm Bill. Do you agree with Supreme Court’s decision to declare it as ‘Null
and Void’. Through a fish tail diagram elucidate the same.

B. What is your take on women’s weak representation in the Political front? How can we amend
the same, keeping in view the rise of ‘Radical Feminist’?

43
CHAPTER-9 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIAN POLITICS

v CONTENTS:-
• End of the Congress System
• Mandal commission
• New Economic Order
• Ayodhya Issue
• Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
• Anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat

LEVEL-1 1 / 2 MARKS

1. Write a note on Mandal commission?\

2. What was the Ayodhya Issue?
3. Write few lines on Hindu Muslim Riots in Gujarat?
4. What was MANDALISATION of politics?
5. What are the features of coalition politics?
6. What were the communal problems seen in India in the 1990-2000‘s.
7. Who introduced the NEP?
8. Which party led to the resurgence of the Dalits in Indian politics?
9. What was the Shah Bano case?
10. When was the BJP formed?
11. What was the Indira Sawhney case?
12. Give the post 2004 and 2009 scenario that unfolded in groups of parties in India?

LEVEL-2 4 / 6 MARKS

1. List five developments which made a long lasting impact on our politics? 5. Which
election led the Era of coalitions and why?
2. Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in post-Emergency politics .
3. “In the new era of coalition politics , political parties are not aligning or
realigning On the basis of ideology.” Discuss .

44
4. State the main issues in Indian politics in the period after 1989. What
different configurations of political parties these differences lead to?
5. “In the new era of coalition politics, political parties are not aligning or realigning
on the basis of ideology.” What arguments would you put forward to support or
oppose this statement?
6. Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in post-Emergency politics.
7. In spite of the decline of Congress dominance the Congress party
continues to influence politics in the country. Do you agree? Give
reasons.
8. Many people think that a two-party system is required for successful democracy.
Drawing from India’s experience of last twenty years, write an essay on what
advantages the present party system in India has.

Read the passage and answer the questions below:

Party politics in India has confronted numerous challenges. Not only has the Congress
system destroyed itself, but the fragmentation of the Congress coalition has triggered a new
emphasis on self-representation which raises questions about the party system and its
capacity to accommodate diverse interests, …. . An important test facing the polity is to
evolve a party system or political parties that can effectively articulate and aggregate a
variety of interests.

— ZOYA HASAN
a. Write a short note on what the author calls challenges of the party system in the
light of what you have read in this chapter.
b. Given an example from this chapter of the lack of accommodation and
aggregation mentioned in this passage.
c. Why is it necessary for parties to accommodate and aggregate variety of
interests

Think Tank: Complete the web chart giving your ideas with regard to the ‘Recent
Developments’ by the Modi government under the following headers:

•HEALTH •EDUCATION

FOREIGN TRADE &

AFFAIRS BUSINESS

AGRICULTURE
SERVICE ECTOR
SECTOR

•TRANSPORTATION •TECHNOLOGY

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 SAMPLE TEST PAPER 01

All questions are compulsory. There are4 printed sides.

- 1m (5) questions have a limit of 15-30 words (very short answer)
- 2m (5) questions have a limit of40- 50 words (very short answer)
- 4m(6) questions have a limit of 75 - 100 words (short answer)
- 5m (5) questions have a limit of 125 words (passage/ map/ picture/ cartoon interpretation) -
6m (6) questions have a limit of 150/200 words (Long Answers)
- All questions have to be done in serial order. All the best!

1. What is meant by trade liberalization? (1)

2. Why did India not sign the CTBT? (1)
3. What is the Balance of Power? (1)
4. What is Gandhian socialism? (1)
5. What does MAD mean in international politics? (1)
6. What is meant by the dangerous decade in the context of Indian politics and why was it
so? (2)
7. Mention why South Asia is known to be a conflict prone zone? (2)
8. What is the difference between traditional and non traditional concepts of security (2)
9. What was the Swatantra Party ideology? (2)
10. How can International organizations play an important role in Global warming? (2)
11. Explain any two aspects each of cordiality and tension in the relationship between India
and China.
12. Why was the SAARC set up, mention its objectives? What is the SAFTA? Why it signed
and what was the spirit behind it? (4)
13. Explain India‘s security strategy with reference to changes at the global level. (4)
14. What is Operation Enduring freedom, and Operation Desert storm? (4)
15. Why did Nehru regard the conduct of foreign relations as an essential indicator of
independence? State any two reasons with examples to support your reading. (4)
16. Map of the world mark the following (4)

a. Where is the secretariat of the ASEAN?

b. The only Asian G-8member
c. The country that has had Sinhala issues?
d. A country in Central Asia which witnessed a civil war for 10 years till 2001.
e. Where the ―open door policy ―came up.
f. A landlocked country in the Indian subcontinent with a respected Monarchy.
g. A country that is a democracy and has faced partition. It has been often called a regional
bully.
h. The continuator state of USSR.

17. Write short notes on: (5)

I. Sikkim‘s merger.

46
 II. Chipko movement

18. What does the cartoon signify? What is Global security? Give two new forms of threat
that the world faces today. (5)

19 ―Patel, the organizational man of the Congress, wanted to purge the congress of 5 the
other political groups and sought to make it a cohesive and disciplined
political party. He wanted to take it away from an all embracing to a close knit
party with disciplined cadres. Being a realist he looked more for discipline while Gandhi has
a romantic view of carrying the movement .Why does the author think that the Congress
should not have been a cohesive and disciplined party?

I. Give examples of the ―eclecticǁ role of the Congress in the early years.
II. Why does the author feel that Gandhi had a romantic view about the Congress party‘s
future?

20 Read the cartoon and discuss why is there a sense of insecurity.

21 ―The Non Aligned Movement came in to being as an institutional pragmatic response to

an era of dangerous rivalry in global affairs. The over reaching doctrine was that those who
were not superpowers or their associates were not entitled to real choices. Our leaders,
however, resisted that impulsion and refused to join either camps, opting for NAM.

I. What was the global rivalry the paragraph refers to.

II. Name the two superpowers that were in conflict
III. Who were the two leaders of this movement

47
IV. Mention why India decided to join the Non aligned movement, is it relevant today if
so or not give reasons.

21. How did the European countries resolve their post second world problem? Briefly outline
the attempts that led to the formation of the European union. What has been the latest
debacle?
22. Write on the role of the US as a hegemon in international affairs; study it as a hard soft
and structural power.
23. What is ―the shock therapyǁ, how did it change the economic system at the global level?
Also mention its impact on Russia.
24. What were the causes of emergency and its consequences, what were the lessons learnt?
25. Discuss India‘s stand on environmental issues.
26. What is Agenda 21? What is the Kyoto Protocol? What is meant by Common but
differentiated responsibilities.

_________________________________________________________________________

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 SAMPLE TEST PAPER 02

General Instructions
1. Answers to one mark questions should not exceed 20 words each.
2. Answers to two marks questions should not exceed 40 words each.
3. Answers to four marks questions should not exceed 100 words each.
4. Answers to six marks questions should not exceed 150 words each.
5. There are 35 questions. All the best!

1. When and by whom was the speech Tryst with destiny delivered? (1)
2. How many seats were won by congress in first general elections? How many
seats did communist party secure? (1)
3. List any two consequences of shock therapy. (1)
4. Who was Charu Majumdar? (1)
5. What is meant by party based movements? (1)
6. Correct and rewrite the following statement-The Right to Information was tabled in 2002
and received Presidential assent in January 2005. (2)
7. Bhartiya Jana Sangh laid emphasis on which two ideas? (2)
8. What is meant by committed Judiciary? (2)
9. After the death of Lal Bahadur Shashtri, how did Indira Gandhi become the
new Prime Minister? (2)
10. Correct and rewrite the statement-Gaya Lal an MP from Haryana changed his party twice
in a fortnight. (2)
11. What is meant by anti arrack movement? (2)
12. How will you define cold war? (2)
13. What is Reorganization of states? When did it take place? (2)
14. When was the Election commission set up? Who was the first chief election
commissioner? (2)
15. Describe the provisions of Assam Accord 1985. (2)
16. Identify the concept out of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity and Democracy to which India
was deeply committed during freedom struggle movement and why? (4)
17. What is meant by coalition? During which period of time did this type of government
become popular in India? (4)
18. What is Simla Agreement? Who were its signatories? (4)
19. List any two problems faced by India in 1971-72. (4)
20. Mention any two issues raised by Dalit Panthers. (4)

49
21. Explain four features of Non Aligned Movement. (4)
22. When was the Planning Commission set up? Mention its functions. (4)
23. Explain any four Directive Principles related to promotion of International peace and
security. (4)
24. Why was the year 1967 considered a landmark year in the political and electoral history
of India? (4)
25. What are popular movements? Explain any three social issues related to women which
bring social awareness among them. (4)
26. Analyse any four factors which helped the soviet union in becoming a super power after
second world war. (4)
27. Explain the difficulties faced in implementing Two nation theory. (4)
28. Examine the grave crisis faced prior to 1967 General elections. Analyse the verdict of
electorate based on this election. (6)
OR
With two successive victories at the centre as well as states in 1971.The
dominant position of congress was restored. Do you agree? State any three
arguments to support your answer.
29. Governments that are perceived to be anti-democratic are severely punished
by voters. Explain the statement with reference to the period 1975-77. (6)
OR
The era of coalition began in 1989 which has come to stay in a big
way. Do you agree Substantiate your answer with three arguments?
30. Asses the outcome of planned development in India’s economic
growth and development. (6)
OR
The emergency declared on 25 June is seen as a blur on Indian democracy. Assess its impact
on the party system in India.

31. Read the paragraph given below carefully and answer the following questions:
We have a Muslim minority who are so large in numbers that they cannot, even if they want,
go anywhere else. That is a basic fact about which there can be no argument. Whatever
the provocation from Pakistan and whatever the indignities and horrors inflicted on non-
Muslims there, we have got to deal with this minority in a civilised manner. We must give
them security and the rights of citizens in a democratic State. If we fail to do so, we shall
have a festering sore which will eventually poison the whole body politic and probably
destroy it. Jawaharlal Nehru, Letter to Chief Ministers, 15 October 1947.
a. In spite of indignities and horrors inflicted on non-Muslims by Pakistan,
b. why Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to deal with the Muslim minority in a civilised way?
c. Why this minority should be given the security and rights on the same footing as to all
others in a democratic system.
d. If this minority was not provided security and rights what kind of scenario Is
envisaged?
OR
Explain the major challenges of building democracy in India. (6)
Q35. Evaluate the new International Economic order of 1970s. (6)
OR

50
The cold war, despite of being intense form of rivalry between great powers
remained cold war and not hot or shooting war. Explain why?

__________________________________________________________________________

51
 SAMPLE TEST PAPER 03

General Instructions:

1. The question paper has 3 Sections A, B & C.

2. Section A has 8 questions of 2 marks each. Answer to these questions should be
completed within 50 words each.
3. Section B has 3 questions of 4 marks each. Answer to these questions should be
completed within 100 words each. Answer of map question should be attempted
accordingly.
4. Section C has 2 questions of 6 marks each. Answer to these questions should be
completed within 170 words each.
Section-A
1. In recent years India has paid adequate attention to ASEAN’. Give two points to
justify the statement. (2 )
2. South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo-political
space. Do you agree with the statement? Give two reasons for your answer. (2 )
3. Why do you think India is now considered as an important centre of power? (2 )
4. American involvement in South Asia has rapidly increased after the Cold War. Give
two examples to illustrate. (2 )
5. Evaluate the role of SAARC in facilitating the economic cooperation in the South
Asian region. (2 )
6. The first general election was postponed twice. Give two reasons for the same. (2 )
7. Explicate two features of a Coalition Government. (2 )
8. Name the leader who led a peoples’ march to Parliament in 1975 and state as to
what was unique about this march. (2 )
Section-B
9. Compare the European Union with ASEAN. (4)
10. Describe various issues regarding the National Emergency of 1975 in India. (4)
11. In the given outline political map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B),
(C), (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write
their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of
the information used and the concerned alphabets as per format that follows: (4)
1. The state to which Minister for Communications in the first ministry of free India
belonged.
2. The state to which the former Prime Minister Morarji Desai was related
3. The state to which S. Nijalingappa belonged.
4. The state related to former Congress President K. Kamraj.

52
 Sr. Number of the information used Alphabet Name of State
concerned

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Section-C
12. ‘Peace and prosperity of countries lay in the establishment and strengthening of
regional economic organizations’. Critically evaluate the statement. 6
OR
Give an account of the changing role of state in the light of Globalization.

13. Critically evaluate the six main issues in Indian politics during the 21st century. 6

OR

Discuss the impact of the relationship between the Judiciary and the Executive during
emergency period in India.

53