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Lab - 1 - OS

The document provides an overview of the Ubuntu Linux operating system. It discusses the history of Unix and Linux, and how Ubuntu Linux was developed from these systems. It defines Ubuntu Linux as a popular Linux distribution built on the Debian system that emphasizes ease of use, stability, and being free. It also covers Ubuntu installation and provides brief descriptions of common Ubuntu derivatives like Kubuntu and Xubuntu.

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35 views29 pages

Lab - 1 - OS

The document provides an overview of the Ubuntu Linux operating system. It discusses the history of Unix and Linux, and how Ubuntu Linux was developed from these systems. It defines Ubuntu Linux as a popular Linux distribution built on the Debian system that emphasizes ease of use, stability, and being free. It also covers Ubuntu installation and provides brief descriptions of common Ubuntu derivatives like Kubuntu and Xubuntu.

Uploaded by

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Operating Systems

Ubuntu Linux

T / Ebtisam ALselwi 1
Outlines
 Introduction about OS &What is ubuntu linux?
 An introduction to Linux command shell
 Files Commands
 Finding Things
 Managing Users and Groups
 The permission
 Utility Programs
 Shell Script
 Process managent
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Lab 1

 Introduction about OS

 History OF unix

 Linux creation

 Linux distribution

 What is ubuntu linux?

 Ubuntu installation
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INTRODUCTION TO OS

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What is Operating System(OS)
???
Is a set of software that is responsible for the
management of hardware resources and computer
software and represents an interface between the
user and hardware. It is considered the most
important programs running on the computer.

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Most popular operating
systems:

 Windows OS.

 Mac OS ) Apple Mac OS(.

 Unix OS.

 Linux OS.

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Unix History
 Unix is ​the first system to be designed for networks, security, multi-
tasking and multi-user.
 It was developed by the Bell Labs of the American Telephone
Company by Ken Thompson in the early 1970s.
 Unix was rewritten in the C language, which helped ease the transfer
of Unix to different computers.
 Unix has been widely used in universities, and there are thousands of
students who are proficient in using C programming language and Unix.
And many improvements have been introduced.
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Unix History(con…)
 Bell (AT&T) started to threaten everyone and ask them to pay money for
using Unix and modifying its code.
 Richard Stallman decided to start a project to write a new operating
system similar to unix in the eighties, provided that the code is open
source.
 And the work of the Free Software Foundation(FSF)

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GNU’S Not Unix = GNU
GNU : Operating system consists of many
programs
Kernel

Compiler

Assembler

Library
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INTRODUCTION TO LINUX

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Linux operating system

Linux: is a Unix-like operating system that


was designed to provide personal computer
users a free or very low-cost operating system
comparable to traditional and usually
more expensive Unix systems,
developed by Linus Torvalds.

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Linux Has Many Distributions

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 Linux architecture:
 Kernel.

 Shell (Command Line).

 X Window.

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Kernel :

The core operating system is the most important


program in the operating system and deals with the
CPU and RAM and hard disk .... etc

A shell

Is any interface through which a user can interact


with the computer operating system-or kernel.

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GNU + Linux = OS ?????

X Windows System

GNU + Linux + X Windows System = OS

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( kernel + GNU + (GNOME / KDE) +
others programs )
Compile

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X Windows System

Examples:

 GNOME

 KDE

 UNITY

 XFCE

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GNOME

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KDE

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Unity

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Xfce

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Ubuntu Linux :

Is an operating system built primarily on the

Linux system , specifically on the most stable

Debian system in Linux.

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What does Ubuntu mean?

Is an English word , derived from the


word African origin (oo-bunt-oo) which
means humanity for others.
Use :
Laptops & Desktop & Servers .
Web browser & Presentation &Document & Spreadsheet& Instant messaging
2004

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Ubuntu versions

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What does the Ubuntu version number
mean?
Each version of ubuntu linux has a special
number
Example :
Ubuntu 8.04
year 2008
month 4
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Why use Ubuntu Linux?

 Stable.

 Security.

 easy to use .

 free

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Ubuntu Derivatives

 Ubuntu GNOME /Unity .

 Kubuntu KDE.

 Xubuntu XFC.

 Edubuntu GNOME.

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Ubuntu installation

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End ….
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