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LEARNING EPISODE 9
PREPARING FOR TEACHING AN LEARNING

ACTIVITY 9.1
DEMONSTRATING AN UNERSTANDING OF RESEARCH-BASED
KNOWLEDGE PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

OBSERVE
Observe a class with the use of the principles of learning given in Revisit the Learning Essentials. I will
identify evidence of application/violations of the principles of learning. I can site more than one evidence per
principle of learning.

What did the Resource Teacher do to apply the

Principles of Learning
principle of learning
1. Effective learning begins with the setting of To apply this principle of learning, the resource
clear and high expectations of learning teacher presents his lesson via ppt on what are his
outcomes. intended learning outcome regarding the topic

2. Learning is an active process. The resource teacher let his students to participate
and interacts his students actively with the learning
process.
3. Learning is the discovery of personal meaning The resource teacher tasked his students to share their
and relevance of ideas. thoughts and ideas about the subject matter.
4. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative The resource teacher gave the class in a groupings
process. learning is enhanced in an form to do the activity wherein the teacher assigned
atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration. each group to interpret and analyze and let them
brainstorm the ideas together with their group.

ANALYZE
1. What is the principles of learning being most applied? Least applied?
Most applied: As I observed, the most applied principle of learning is the “Learning is an active process”
where a student-centered approach were applied. Students learn more when they participate in process
of learning.
Least applied: As I have observed, the learning principle that was applied least is the “Learning is the
discovery of personal meaning and relevance of ideas”.

Give instances where this/these principles /s could have been applied?

- Learning is an active process
For this principle, teacher can ask reciprocal questions. By using this strategy, it encourage an open
dialogue in which students take on the role of teacher and it creates their own questions about the
topic, reading sessions or in the lesson.

REFLECT
From among the principles of learning, which do you think is the most importance?
- Principles of learning are guidelines for the ways in which people learn most effectively. For me, I
think the most important principle is “learning is an active process” because it uses student

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engagement to teach. It encourages students to actively participate in the learning process with the use of
student-centred approach. With less lectures by the teachers, students are expected to learn through
collaboration and exploration in a more student-centred approach that traditional learning that has relied on long
teacher discussions and lectures. With this kind of principle, the student’s job is to participate in the
construction of knowledge with the teacher and so the role of the teacher is to facilitate them. in result, by
encouraging the students to participate in the construction of knowledge, it builds a deeper understanding,
fosters critical thinking and develops problem solving skills.

ACTIVITY 9.2
IDENTIFYING LEARNING OUTCOMES THAT ARE ALIGNED WITH
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
OBSERVE
Observe a class, this time focusing on how the learning outcomes were stated. Determine if the learning
outcome/s was/were achieved or not. Give evidence.
1. Write the learning outcomes state in the lesson.

(SMART Objectives?) Achieved

Learning Outcomes Yes NO Yes No
1. Sketches and paints a mural using shapes and color
2. Realize the choice of colors use gives the mood/feeling.
3.Analyze pictures
4. Make a paragraph from the picture presented
5. Paint a landscape using shapes and colors
2. Cite pieces of evidence that these learning outcomes were achieved.

1. Picture of students paintng a landscape

2. The paragraph presented by the student
3.The learner 's ont put
4.
5.

ANALYZE
1. Do SMART objectives make the lesson more focused?
- In my own opinion, SMART objectives help the lesson become more focused because the goals will set you
up for success by making goals specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely. With this, teachers are
guided to achieve their desirable intended learning outcomes. The SMART methods will help teachers to push
further, gives them a sense of direction, and helps them organize and reach their goals to achieve what they are
expecting from the student

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REFLECT
Reflect on the
Lesson learned in determining SMART learning outcomes.
- I have learned from the lesson in determining SMART learning outcomes that, in your lesson
objectives or intended learning outcomes it should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Result-oriented and Time bound) because this will really help the teacher as well as it will guide the
teacher in the learning process and to the development of the students. As what I have said, SMART
objectives will also help the teachers to direct the flow of the lesson and help the teacher to achieve
the desired goals on a specific topic as well as it help to make the discussion clear and organize.

ACTIVITY 9.3
DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN INDUCTIVR AND DEDUCTIVE METHODS OF
TEACHING

OBSERVE
I will observe on Resource Teacher with the use of this observation sheet. Using the guide questions, I
shall reflect on my observations and analysis.

Teacher-centered Student-centered
Did teacher lectures all the time? Were students in the teaching-learning process? how?
- No or were they were passive recipients of instruction?
- Yes. The students were involved in the
teaching and learning process.
Was the emphasis on the mastery of the lessons or on Was the emphasis on the student’s applications of the
the test? Prove. lesson in real life? Give proofs.
- No. The emphasis on the mastery was on - Yes. Because the teacher let them make
the lesson because the teacher made sure their own example.
that the students really cope with the
discussion.
Was class atmosphere competitive? Why? Was class atmosphere collaborative? Why?
- No. the teacher let them work with their - Yes. Because the teacher asked them to
group and peers so that everyone can group themselves and everybody should
participate and share their ideas and cooperate and participate in the activities.
thoughts as a whole.

Did teacher focus only on the discipline/subject? Did teacher connect lesson to other
- Yes. From the start until the end, the disciplines/subjects?
teacher occupied all the class hour only in - No. the teacher only focused on the main
one subject so that the student will not get subject only
confused.

What teaching-learning shows that teaching approach was:

a.) constructivist- connected to past experiences of learners; learners constructed new lesson meaning
- During the class discussion, the teacher let the students to connect student’s past experience to

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topic and tries to connect it to the new concept for the discussion
b.) inquiry-based -The teaching and learning practice I have seen from the teaching approach in inquiry-
based was the teacher
posed thought-provoking questions to the students about the topic as well as encourages the students to
have independent thinking.
c.) developmentally appropriate- learning activities fit the developmental stage of the children
- The teacher nurtures a child’s development.

d.) Reflective
- Includes remembering, thinking about, and evaluating a teaching experience.

e.) inclusive- no learners was excluded; teacher taught everybody

- The teacher wanted all his students to actively participate both in the class discussion and learning
activities regardless of the student’s diversities.
f collaborative- student worked together

g.) integrative- lesson was multidisciplinary- e.g. In Science, Math concepts were taught.
- The teacher integrates other topic and ideas and connect it to the subject matter so that the learning
of the students is not only limited to the subject and also multidisciplinary.

ANALYZE
1. What are possible consequences of teaching purely subject matter for mastery and for the test?
- The consequences of teaching purely subject matter for mastery and for the test is that the student will
not extend her knowledge because the teacher limits the learning with no application.
2. If you were to reteach the classes you observed, would you be teacher-centered or student-centered?
- I would still use the student-centered approach where I will encourage student to actively participate but they
were the one who will facilitate.

REFLECT
Reflect on PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING WORTH APPLYING
- As a future educator, the principles of teaching are very important for us all educators for us
to improve ourselves and the process of learning of our students. This promotes excellence in learning
and teaching practices express in different institution that are committed as learning. In all of these
principles tackled, it enhances student to engage and learn through effecting teaching.

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