Learning Episode 9

LEARNING EPISODE 9- PREPARING FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING
This episode gives emphasis on the principles of learning which must be applied to ensure
quality instruction. It also focuses on the intended learning outcomes which set the direction of the
lesson. They must be SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic or result-oriented, and time-
bound). And formulated in accordance with time-tested principles. It also determines the teaching
method used by the Resource Teacher whether inductive or deductive which is the practical
realization or application of an approach. This episode dovetails with the course on Facilitating
Learner-Centered Teaching.
REVISIT THE LEARNING ESSENTIALS
These are the time-tested principles of teaching and learning:
1. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and learning outcomes.
2. Learning is an active process. “What I hear, I forget; what I see, I remember; what I do, I
understand.”
3. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas. Students are given the
opportunity to connect what they learn with other concepts learned, with real world
experiences and with their own lives.
4. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
A teaching method consists of systematic and orderly steps in the teaching-learning process. It is
the practical realization or application of an approach. All methods of teaching can be classified
either as deductive (direct) or inductive (indirect).
Deductive begins with a rule, a generalization, abstraction and ends with concrete, experience,
details, examples.
Inductive begins with the concrete, experience, details, examples and ends with a rule,
generalization, abstraction.
Activity 9.1- Demonstrating an Understanding of Research-Based Knowledge Principles of Teaching

and Learning
Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature:
Grade Level: Subject Area: Date:
School:
Observe
Observe a class with the use of the principles of learning given in Revisit the Learning Essentials.
Identify evidence of applications/violations of the principles of learning. Cite more than one
evidence for every principle of learning.
Principles of Learning What did the Resource Teacher do to apply

the principle of learning?
1.Effective learning begins with the setting of
clear and high expectations of learning
outcomes.
2.Learning is an active process.
3.Learning is the discovery of personal meaning
and relevance of ideas.
4.Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative
process. Learning is enhanced in an
atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration.
Analyze
1. What principles of learning were most applied? Least applied?
Cite instances where this/these principles could have been applied?
Reflect (to be accomplished individually)
From among the principles of learning, which one do you think is the most important?
Activity 9.2 Identifying Learning Outcomes that are Aligned with Learning Competencies
School:
Observe a class, this time focusing on how the learning outcomes are stated. Determine if the
learning outcomes are achieved or not. Give evidence.
1.Wr
LEARNING OUTCOMES SMART OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED

Yes No Yes No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Analyze
1. Do SMART objectives make the lesson more focused?

Reflect on the
LESSONS LEARNED IN DETERMINING SMART LEARNING OUTCOMES. ( Please work

individually).
Activity 9.3 Distinguishing between Inductive and Deductive Methods of Teaching
School:
OBSERVE
Observe one resource teacher with the use of the observation sheet below.
Teacher-centered Student-centered
Did the teacher lecture all the time? Were students involved in the teaching-
learning process? How? Or were they mere
passive recipients of instruction?
Was the emphasis on the mastery of the lesson Was the emphasis on the students’ application
or on the test? Prove. of the lesson in real life? Give proofs.
Was class atmosphere competitive? Why? Was class atmosphere collaborative? Why?
Did teacher focus only on one Did teacher connect lesson to other
discipline/subject? disciplines/subjects?
What teaching-learning practice shows that teaching approach was:
a. Constructivist-connected to past experiences of learners; learners constructed new lesson

meanings
b. Inquiry-based
c. Developmentally appropriate-learning activities fit the developmental stage of children
d. Reflective
e. Inclusive – No learner was excluded; teacher taught everybody.
f. Collaborative – students worked together.
g. Integrative – Lesson was multidisciplinary –e.g. In Science, Math concepts were taught.
Analyze
1. What are possible consequences of teaching purely subject matter for mastery and for the
test?
2. If you were to reteach the classes you observed, would you be teacher-centered or student-
centered? Why?
Reflect
Reflect on PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING THAT ARE WORTH APPLYING.
SHOW YOUR LEARNING ARTIFACTS

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LEARNING EPISODE 9- PREPARING FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

REVISIT THE LEARNING ESSENTIALS

These are the time-tested principles of teaching and learning:

Activity 9.1- Demonstrating an Understanding of Research-Based Knowledge Principles of Teaching

Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature:

Grade Level: Subject Area: Date:

Principles of Learning What did the Resource Teacher do to apply

1. What principles of learning were most applied? Least applied?

Cite instances where this/these principles could have been applied?

Reflect (to be accomplished individually)

Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature:

Grade Level: Subject Area: Date:

LEARNING OUTCOMES SMART OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED

1. Do SMART objectives make the lesson more focused?

LESSONS LEARNED IN DETERMINING SMART LEARNING OUTCOMES. ( Please work

Activity 9.3 Distinguishing between Inductive and Deductive Methods of Teaching

Resource Teacher: Teacher’s Signature:

Grade Level: Subject Area: Date:

What teaching-learning practice shows that teaching approach was:

a. Constructivist-connected to past experiences of learners; learners constructed new lesson

Reflect on PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING THAT ARE WORTH APPLYING.

SHOW YOUR LEARNING ARTIFACTS

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