MARANA GLOBAL

SERVICES LTD
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Training Guide for

Fundamentals of HSE

Website: www.maranaglobal.com, Authorized Training Provider for

www.maranaglobal.com.ng Institute of Safety Professionals of Nigeria
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +2348110141960, 08138591811

www.ispon.gov.ng
Training Objectives

•Understand the concepts of HSE

•Know the relevance of HSE in
any organization
•Understand the roles of HSE
Officers
•Appreciate the life saving
principles and life saving rules
•Lay foundations for further
topics in HSE
CAN WE MEET?
• Tell us your name
• Where you work and what you do
• Why you came for the training
• How you heard about the training
• Have you filled your details on the
attendance register?
 Before we start:
True or False?
•In a sensible organization, employer
F has the sole responsibility to ensure
safety of their workers.

F •Generally, once you are out of official

duties, you can relax on your safety.
•As long as it is not your department,
F you should really not bother about
how others are doing their tasks.
•Being a trained safety personnel, it is
F almost certain that you cannot have
accident at work.
Introduction to HSE
Case Study
• “Victor, a young rig Technician was about commencing repairs on
a water drilling rig before mobilization to site. He had about 4
years field experience, including working as Assistant Driller. The
HSE Officer had told him to get his helmet on because there was a
chance that he could hit his head against something while
working under the rig. Victor quickly remembered that he had
been on the job for four years and he had never hit his head the
way the HSE Officer described. He didn’t take the helmet, instead,
he became defensive and he was left alone to continue. Minutes
later, after he had struggled to remove the swivel head, he finally
succeeded. With the excitement that he was able to remove the
component, he forgot that he was still under the equipment. As he
stood up with force, he hit his head against the edge of the rotary
table. Following the head injury, Victor ended up in the clinic for
treatment and another technician was required to complete the
repairs.”
Introduction

• A nation's viability and status is determined by its

economy. For the economy to be robust there must
be vibrant and successful businesses and industries
operating within the nation.
• The businesses and industries will succeed only
when the environment within which they operate is
safe and healthful, and they themselves ensure
that they keep their workplaces in safe and
healthful condition while consciously engaging in
safe work practices.
Introduction

• An industry, for its survival and the achievement of its

business objective, needs a healthy workforce, which
can only be assured when the environment in which it
operates is healthful and safe.
• Obviously, Victor had lost some productive days which
affected his plans, that of his company, his family
because he failed to do the right thing when it was
required.
• The nation derives some of its revenues from taxes paid
by industry and the citizens like Victor which enhance
its economy and enable it fulfill its obligation to provide
amenities for the citizens.
Objectives of HSE

• To protect workers, assets and environment from

harm or damage and ensure business sustainability.
• This should be an insight to any management who
still see HSE as a cost or liability, rather than an
investment.
• “Every penny invested in HSE contributes
measurably to increase in production.”
Definitions
Safety: can be defined as operating within an
acceptable risk, or in other words, it can be
described as freedom from harm. This means that
even though the hazards are still present, harm or
damages may not occur.
Health: is simply a state of total well-being. This will
include physiological and psychological well-being in
general.
Definitions

Environment: is the Air, Land and Water on which

people, animals and plants live, and includes, in our
context, the workplace with its machinery,
equipment, materials, facilities and activities, all of
which must be maintained in a healthful and safe
state, if they must sustain life and living and planned
objectives as expected.
• It is important to understand that our environment
does not have physical boundaries, thus, we
operate in a global environment.
Definitions
Welfare: can be defined as the provision of
workplace facilities that ensure the basic comfort of
the workers. This is also described as facilities for
workplace comfort. Examples include first aid box,
wash hand station, cafeteria facilities, conveniences,
etc.
Security: is a proactive measure taken to protect
and safeguard the people, equipment and other
properties of an organization against harms from
thefts, external aggressions, espionage or other
sources.
Accident: can be defined as a sudden or unplanned
uncontrolled occurrence that results in injury,
damage or fatality.
Definitions
Incident : is any occurrence in the workplace. It can
be a near-miss or an accident, depending on the
outcome.
Near-miss: is a sudden occurrence that does not
result in any form injury, damage or fatality but with
potentials to cause accident under slightly different
conditions.
Dangerous occurrence: is an accident that is
reportable to the national competent authority.
Definitions
Unsafe act: is any action, inaction or omission by
humans with the potentials to cause harm.
Unsafe condition: is any situation or condition that
has potential to cause harm.
Loss prevention: describes a program designed to
identify and correct potential accident problems
before they result in financial loss or injury.
Loss control: is a program designed to minimize
incident-based financial losses. It includes various
recovery measures in an organization.
Definitions
Environmental protection: includes the measures
taken to prevent harm to the universal environment.
Safety Professional: is an individual who, by virtue of
their specialized knowledge, skill and/or educational
accomplishments, has achieved professional status in
the safety field. In Nigeria, he or she must have
attained the full membership status with the
Institute of Safety Professionals of Nigeria (ISPON)
and may also have earned the status of Certified
Safety Professional (CSP) from the Board of Certified
Safety Professionals.
The Need for HSE

• “Economically, morally, and legally, occupational

safety and health has become an important issue.
Companies are attempting to remain profitable in
an ever more competitive global economy.
• For these companies, addressing safety, health, and
environmental issues may mean more than good
business practice. For many companies, strong
safety, health, and environmental programs may
actually mean survival.” Mark and Kohn (2007)
Need for HSE

• When machines were invented, in the 18th century,

production of goods shifted from homes and farms,
where they were produced manually as cottage
industries, to factories, where they could now be
produced faster and in large quantities to meet market
demands.
• Men, women and children were employed to work in
these factories in which the machines’ dangerous
moving parts, gear wheels, drive belts, reciprocating
shafts and cutting blades were exposed. Lighting and
ventilation were generally poor. The situation resulted
in injuries, maiming, ill health and death to the
workers.
Need for HSE

Generally, there are four main reasons why HSE is

required industries.
i. Humane
ii. Legal
iii. Economic and
iv. Reputation
Need for HSE
Humane
• No one enjoys injury and no normal person likes to
be responsible for other people's injury because
injuries are painful and often cause great hardship.
• No amount of money paid in workmen
compensation can make up for the pain of an
injury.
Need for HSE
Legal
• It is the duty of the employer to provide employment
and a safe workplace which is free from recognized
hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or
serious physical harm to his workers.
• Due to the legal obligations of the employers, many
accident victims or their families have sued companies
for liability with heavy claims of compensation.
Obviously, no company enjoys paying compensation
because of accidents that could have been prevented.
• It is important to know that in some cases, the
employer may also sue the employee for causing
accident.
Need for HSE
Economic
• The main objective of any enterprise is to run a
successful business that will yield profit. Accidents
cost money, which is a complete loss to the
organization.
• When a company suffers financial loss, it could
resort to downsizing in which some employees may
lose their jobs and earning, and government would
lose because the company will pay less tax due to
reduced profit.
Need for HSE
Reputation
• Every organization is anxious to maintain a good
reputation in the eyes of government and other
stakeholders. When a company fails to operate safely
and accidents occur, it loses that reputation.
• This could have a negative effect on its ability to recruit
competent and experienced hands for its operations.
• Furthermore, a negative reputation could make an
organization to lose business opportunities owing to
the fact that no reasonable entity will want to do
business with such organization with increasing
accident rates.
Consequences of Accidents

The consequence of an accident can take any of the

following:
• Injury only (to personnel). An example is the case
of Victor who suffered head injury as described
above in case study.
• Damage only (to property and environment).
• Both injury and property damage.
Costs of Accidents
All accidents result in one type of loss or another
that impacts individuals, organizations and
government.
The cost can show up as:
• direct or indirect costs
These costs can further fall under two categories
including:
• insured and uninsured cost.
Costs of Accidents
Direct Cost
These are tangible costs that are easy to calculate,
such as the treatment of an injured worker (like
Victor), replacement/repairs of damaged equipment,
and compensation paid to an injured person,
customer claims, are direct costs.
Costs of Accidents
Indirect Costs
• These are costs in which the true value cannot be
quantified. For instance, time lost while attending
to Victor in the case study, loss of morale, cost of
intensified supervision after an accident, cost of
investigation, cost of replacing the injured worker,
penalties, loss of position in the labour market, bad
reputation, etc.
Cost Insurance
Insurance is a way by which organizations reduce the
amount of loss they suffer in adverse situations, such as
accidents.
Insured Costs
Examples of insured costs include employers’ liability,
public/third party liability, contractors’ risks, plant and
building damage, tools and equipment, personnel.
Uninsured Costs
Production delays, product and raw material damage,
overtime and temporary labour, investigation time, etc
are examples of costs that cannot be insured because of
their nature and difficulty in estimating actual value.
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SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATION
• Safety management is the process of planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling activities necessary
to achieve an organization’s loss prevention and loss
control goals.
• HSE is multidisciplinary in nature, requiring the
application of skills acquired from engineering,
sciences, management, psychology, physiology,
education, etc to achieve an organization’s safety
objectives.
• Safety professionals have the responsibilities of
managing safety in organizations by using the loss
prevention and loss control techniques to eliminate or
control hazards that may result in injury, illness, and
property damage.
Job Titles of Individuals Performing Safety
Activities
Industrial Hygienist: Although basically trained in
engineering, physics, chemistry, or biology, this
individual has acquired through study and
experience knowledge of the effects on health of
chemical and physical agents under various levels of
exposure.
• The industrial hygienist is involved in the
monitoring and analytical methods required to
detect the extent of exposure and the engineering
and other methods used for hazard control.
• Risk Manager: The risk manager in an organization
is typically responsible for insurance programs and
other activities that minimize losses resulting from
fire, accidents, and other natural and man-made
losses.
• Safety Professional: An individual who, by virtue of
their specialized knowledge and skill and/or
educational accomplishments, has achieved
professional status in the safety field. They may
also have earned the status of CSP from the Board
of Certified Safety Professionals.
• Safety Engineer: An individual who, through
education, licensing, and/or experience, devotes
most or all of their employment time to the
application of scientific principles and methods for
the control and modification of the workplace and
other environments to achieve optimum protection
for both people and property.
• Safety Manager: The individual responsible for
establishing and maintaining the safety in
organization and its activities in an enterprise.
Typically, the safety manager administers the safety
program and manages subordinates, including the
fire prevention coordinator, industrial hygienist,
safety specialists, and security personnel.
Duties of a Safety Professional in the
Industry
Case Study
“During routine operations in a particular Gas Plant,
it was required that the empty acetylene cylinders be
inspected prior to refilling. Simeon, 29 years old
operator was to assess the integrity of the cylinder
and certify it fit for refill. While in the process to
depressurize the gas bottle, it exploded. The
explosion completely shattered Simeon, such that it
was almost difficult to gather his remains. An
investigation of the accident revealed among other
facts, that the company does not have written safe
work procedures for their tasks.”
Duties of a Safety Professional

• Safety Professionals play important roles in the

successful operation of any organization, to the
extent that there could be dire consequences
whenever there is failure in fulfilling those
responsibilities.
• If Simeon had a second chance, he would never
again work without a SWP. Unfortunately, his
company did not have a Safety Professional to help
him do his job better.
Duties of a Safety Professional
According to Mark and Kohn (2007), the following are
some of the responsibilities of HSE Professionals in the
industry.
• Accident Investigation: determining the facts and
causes related to an accident based on witness
interviews and site inspections. This is an important
activity that can help to save other people in Simeon’s
company.
• Work with Emergency Response Teams: organizing,
training, and coordinating skilled employees to react to
emergencies such as fires, accidents, or other disasters.
• Environmental Protection: recognizing, evaluating, and
controlling hazards that can lead to undesirable
releases of harmful substances into air, water, or the
soil.
Duties of a Safety Professional
• Ergonomic Analysis and Modification: designing or
modifying the workplace based on an
understanding of human
physiological/psychological characteristics, abilities,
and limitations.
• Hazard Recognition: identifying conditions or
actions that may cause injury, illness, or property
damage.
• Hazardous Materials Management: ensuring
dangerous chemicals and other products are stored
and used in such a manner as to prevent accidents,
fires, and the exposure of people to these
substances.
Duties of a Safety Professional
• Health Hazard Control: recognizing, evaluating, and
controlling hazards that can create undesirable
health effects, including noise, chemical exposures,
radiation, or biological hazards.
• Inspection/Audit: evaluating/assessing safety and
health risks associated with equipment, materials,
processes, or activities.
• Recordkeeping: maintaining safety and health
information to meet government requirements, as
well as provide data for problem solving and
decision making.
Duties of a Safety Professional

• Regulatory Compliance: ensuring all mandatory

safety and health standards are satisfied.
• Training: providing employees with the knowledge
and skills necessary to recognize hazards and
perform their jobs safely and effectively.
• Fire Protection: eliminating or minimizing fire
hazards by inspection, layout of facilities, and
design of fire suppression systems.
Duties of a Safety Professional
Safety inductions
• It is the duty of Safety Professionals to carry out
safety inductions for visitors in company’s facilities,
whether at the base or on the site.
• Before commencement of a new activity, he also
must educate and advise every person concerned
on the safety requirements that must be observed
by all including visitors, especially those that will
spend brief time at location.
Duties of a Safety Professional
Security
• Although, there may be security outfits to control
access into the company’s premises, the safety
officer also has some security duties by
encouraging security consciousness in the
organization.
• Through his safety inductions, staff and visitors’
logs, he maintains the record of persons within the
facility or on board.
Duties of a Safety Professional
PEP Talk
• A pep talk is a short discussion among team members
every morning before setting out for the day's work.
• It usually highlights the job to be done, the hazards
associated with it, the necessary precautions to be
taken, the tools and appropriate personal protective
equipment that must be worn.
• Pep talks assist in sustaining safety awareness among
the work force. The Safety Officer will assist in
coordinating all pep talks.
• He may deliver the topic by himself or appoint any
worker to do so while he moderates the process and
takes attendance.
Duties of a Safety Professional
Safety Meeting
• These are meetings held periodically on site or in
company base, with the primary objective of improving
the safety consciousness of the work force. They could
be held weekly, bimonthly or monthly as the situation
may require. He specifically assists to plan the meetings
and prepare the agenda.
A typical agenda of a safety meeting is as follows:
• Minutes of previous meeting
• Matters arising from minutes
• Topic for the day. (Topic is delivered by the safety
officer, supervisor or someone appointed to do so)
• Incident review
• Any other Business (AOB)
Duties of a Safety Professional

Safety Performance Reports

• The Safety Professional has the duty to monitor the
safety performance of the company using various
key performance indicators already outlined by the
safety management system.
• This will require the use of safety statistics board, a
board displayed at work sites and company
premises to inform everyone about certain
important safety statistics.
• It is his duty to update the records based on
established schedules, whether daily, weekly or
monthly.
Duties of a Safety Professional
Medical Records
• On site and during any company’s operation, first
aid or medical services to a certain extent should
be available.
• In some companies, the Safety Officer takes charge
of first aid treatment and thus ensures that the
Medical Record Book is properly kept.
Duties of a Safety Professional
• Mustering and Emergency Drills
A muster point is a place of relative safety to which
employees gather to await further instructions. In a
work site or company premises, muster points are
located in various places so that employees do not
have to travel a long distance before getting to one
of them.
It is the duty of Safety Professionals to:
• Assign employees to muster points.
• Take headcounts/roll calls at muster points
• Coordinate other employees assigned to manage
other muster points, in the case of multiple muster
points with less HSE Officers.
THE 10 BASIC LIFE SAVING PRINCIPLES
These are basic guiding principles intended to keep
workers safe during hazardous operations in the general
industry. If observed, the principles will greatly increase
the chance of achieving “Goal Zero” at work.
The principles are as outlined below:
1. Everyone is responsible for their own safety and safety
of others. Do not delegate your safety responsibilities to
others.
2. All accidents can be prevented.
3. Your company has rules, regulations and procedures.
4. There is a risk in every workplace task. Assess the risk,
stop and think. Don’t do it if it cannot be done safely.
Basic Life Saving Principles

5. If you are not trained, don’t do it.

6. The best approach to safety is being proactive.
Always think ahead.
7. All shortcuts are unsafe acts. Avoid them.
8. Housekeeping is part of your daily tasks.
9. Accident does not respect personalities. Anyone
can be a victim.
10. If the management is not committed, safety is at
risk.
The 12 Basic Life Saving Rules
1. Do not work under suspended load
2. Obtain valid work permit when required for the
task
3. Obtain authorization/permit before deactivating
or bypassing safety critical equipment
4. Obtain authorization before working in confined
spaces
5. Do not smoke in restricted areas
6. Always use seat belt while in moving vehicles
The 12 Basic Life Saving Rules
7. Follow prescribed journey management plan
8. Ensure that system is de-energized/isolated
before commencing maintenance work
9. Do not drive or work under influence of drugs or
alcohol
10. Conduct gas testing when required
11. Use fall protection when working at height
12. Do not use your mobile phone or exceed speed
limits while driving
Safety Facts
• Safety has equal priority with production.
• All injuries and occupational illnesses can be
prevented or controlled.
• All accidents can be prevented.
• Safety is everyone's responsibility
• Management is directly accountable for
preventing and controlling injuries and
occupational illnesses
• Accidents cause harm to people and damage to
valuable equipment
• Training is an essential element for safe
workplace practice.
 Safety Facts
• Safe work practices should be reinforced and all
unsafe acts and unsafe conditions must be
corrected promptly.
• Off-the-job safety is as important as on- the-
job.
• Accident prevention is loss prevention.
• If it is not safe, it is not right.
• People are the most critical element in the
success of a safety and health programme.
• Over 98% of accidents are as result of unsafe
acts and practices.
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