MARANA GLOBAL

SERVICES LTD
Rc: 1305260

Training Guide for

Environmental Awareness

Website: www.maranaglobal.com, Authorized Training Provider for

www.maranaglobal.com.ng Institute of Safety Professionals of Nigeria
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +2348110141960, 08138591811

www.ispon.gov.ng
CAN WE MEET?
• Tell us your name
• Where you work and what you do
• Why you came for the training
• How you heard about the training
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attendance register?
Attention
The purpose of this section is to provide basic
understanding of waste management and
environmental protection for the benefit of HSE. It
does not seek to provide every technical detail
required to effectively manage specific wastes in
your organization. It is expected that you should have
dedicated environmental professionals, or get
additional references from core environmental
sources to implement a sound Environmental
Management System in line with the requirements of
ISO 14001:2015 EMS.
Case Study
“Towards the end of year 2016 in Port Harcourt, a
new kind of dust deposits, described as “black
sooths” was experienced in almost every home in
the city. At the onset of this dust, many people
thought it was some sort of mystery dust as they
could not in any way associate it to a particular
source near them. Environmental professionals did
findings and discovered that the black deposits seen
in peoples’ bedrooms could have come from illegal
oil refining and gas flaring sites which were actually
many kilometers away.”
The Environment
• The environment is our surrounding; everything around
us.
• It is a life supporting system consisting of air, water,
land and all plants, human beings and animals living
therein and the inter-relationships, which exist among
these or any of them in the ecosystem.
• Human existence will not be possible without air, water
and land.
• Everything man is today, is dependent on the
environment: everything man will be tomorrow will still
be dependent on the environment.
• For this reason, we are to be caretakers of the
environment, and as caretakers, we need to protect
and preserve it even while doing business.
• By doing this, we would be applying the principle of
"sustainable development" and preservation of the
ecological system.
Sustainable Development
• Sustainable development is the development that
meets the needs of the present generation and the
future generation. That is, the ability to fulfill present
needs without compromising the ability of the future
generations to meet their own needs.
• The term ‘sustainable development’ was popularised
by the World Commission on Environment and
Development (WCED) in its 1987 report entitled Our
Common Future.
• According to WCED, Development cannot subsist on a
deteriorating environmental resource base; the
environment cannot be protected when growth leaves
out of account the costs of environmental destruction.
The Goal of Sustainable Development
• The ultimate goal of sustainable development is to
improve the quality of life for all members of a
community and, indeed, for all citizens of a nation
and the world, while ensuring the integrity of the
life support systems upon which all life, human and
non-human, depends.
• Therefore, it is essential for every organization to
operate in such manner that is sustainable by
consciously working towards managing their
environmental aspects and reducing impacts.
Principles of Sustainable Development
There are four principles which are:
• Duty of care
• Due diligence
• Environmental management plan
• Good housekeeping.
Characteristics of Environment
• The environment is continuous and has no political
boundary.
• The environment can re-establish itself given
adequate time.
• Impacts on the environment manifest themselves
in areas even outside the source of the impact, as
seen in the case study above.

Thus from the above, it is clear that we cannot treat

our local environment in isolation of the global
environment. We must therefore adopt a global
posture in handling the environment.
Environmental Resources
Generally, air, soil, animals, plants, natural resources
are some examples of environmental resources.
Environmental resources can be grouped into two:
• Renewable and Non-renewable resources.
• Renewable - any natural resource that has natural
inherent ability for regeneration, that is, over a
reasonable time limit it can regenerate e.g. water,
plant, solar energy.
• Non-renewable - It is not renewable in a
reasonable time. May even take more than a 1,000
years e.g. oil, gas, solid mineral.
Environmental Aspects
• Environmental aspects are elements of our
activities, products or services, which can interact
with the environment with the potential to
negatively impact on it.
Some examples include
• Waste
• Emission to air
• Discharge to soil
• Noise, heat, odour, light (nuisance).
• Use of energy
Environmental Pollution
Case Study
• “In the year 1970, Ogoni community in Rivers State
suffered one of the worst oil pollution in the history of
Nigeria. The spills occurred due to exploration activities
and illegal refining, leaving massive devastations to the
land, water and air. The Federal Government took a step
with the United Nations (UNEP) to study the area and the
report revealed very high concentrations of BTEX in their
drinking waters, while the soils were largely unfit for
cultivation. The UNEP report also showed that the impact
of this pollution has greatly affected the quality of lives in
the impacted community. As at 2018, the Minister for
Environment confirmed that about USD 177 million has
been raised out of USD 200 million to clean up the spill
and restore the environment.”
What is Environmental Pollution?

• The release of any substance into the environment

in such quantity or level that will be detrimental or
cause harm to the environment.
• Any substance that can deteriorate the quality of
environment (air, water or land) or make the
environment unfit is referred to as a pollutant.
Types of Pollution
• The types of pollution basically depends on the
component of the environment that is impacted.
• This can either be air, water or land pollution.
• In the case of Ogoni, the three types of pollution
was experienced.
Likely Sources of Environmental Pollution
Air Pollution
• Release of combustion gases
• Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs)
• Particulates (Soot, asbestos dust)
• Fugitive emission
• Bush burning, etc.
Likely Sources of Environmental Pollution
Water Pollution
• Oil and chemical spill or leakage.
• Boat maintenance and washing.
• Fueling of boats and barges.
• Chemicals used for fishing.
• Sewage discharge into water.
• Indiscriminate discharge of waste into water.
Likely Sources of Environmental Pollution
Land/Soil Pollution
• Oil/Chemical Spill/leakage.
• Indiscriminate discharge of lubricants such as used oil
• Indiscriminate disposal of wastes
Consequences of Environmental Pollution
Air Pollution.
• Health Problems.
• Ozone layer depletion.
• Global warning (Greenhouse effect).
Consequences of Environmental Pollution
Water Pollution
• Contamination of surface/underground water.
• Destruction of Aquatic life.
• Flooding and Erosion.
• Siltation of water bodies.
• Public Nuisance.
Consequences of Environmental Pollution
Land/Soil Pollution
• Reduced soil fertility
• Contamination of underground water
• Reduced land use
• Public nuisance.
More Consequences of Environmental
Pollution
• Deforestation/Desertification
• Reduction/Relocation and extinction of forest animal
• Loss of Biodiversity
Waste Management
• This is the conscious and deliberate effort at "putting
away" our waste without re-contaminating the
environment.

What is a Waste?
• Waste is defined as any material which has no
immediate economic benefit to the owner and must be
disposed of.
• An unwanted material, which must be managed from
"cradle to grave" is also referred to as waste.
Why Waste Management?
• It is a criminal offence to handle and dispose of
hazardous wastes carelessly on any land and in any
territorial water in Nigeria.
• Moreover, such practice leads to health hazards
and degradation of the environment.
• Waste can affect the aesthetics of the environment
and create nuisance and disturbance.
Legal Requirements for Waste
Management
• In Nigeria, there are various legal provisions to
protect the environment from avoidable
degradation. Some of these are contained in:
• Chapter 165 of Federal Laws of Nigeria “Harmful
Waste Act” (1988).
• “National Environmental Guidelines and Standards
for the Petroleum Industries in Nigeria (EGASPIN
2018)” published by the Department of Petroleum
Resources.
Forms of Waste
Waste can also take any of the three forms of matter,
namely, solid, liquid or gaseous.
• Solid waste includes bread, refuse, plastics, metals,
papers, packaging materials, etc.
• Liquid waste includes effluents, waste oil, sewage,
chemical wastes, etc.
• Gaseous waste includes chemical fumes, cigarette
smoke, flared gas, emissions from automobiles, etc.
Classification of Waste
All wastes can broadly be classified into categories
namely, hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste
• Hazardous waste has the potential to cause harm
to human health or the receiving environment
when not properly handled, stored, transported,
treated or disposed of.
• Examples of hazardous waste are medical waste,
hydrocarbons, sewage, empty containers of
chemical or oil, radioactive waste, among others.
Non-hazardous waste
These are waste with little or no potential to cause
harm but can become harmful if not properly
managed. This class of waste is further classified
into:
• Industrial waste
• Domestic waste
• Office waste
Industrial waste
• This include any non-hazardous operational waste like
plastic, scrap metal, empty can or bottles, worn-out
tyres, bulbs, furniture, packaging materials, etc.
Domestic waste
• These are wastes originating from home and garden
activities. These include kitchen wastes and garden
clearing. Examples are yam and plantain peelings,
leftover food, grasses, vegetable wastes, used clothes,
packaging materials, etc.
Office waste
• This includes waste generated from reprographic and
other office services. Examples are waste paper,
damaged diskette, toner cartridges, used ribbon etc.
Stages in Waste Management
Effective waste management must follow a systematic
approach.
• Minimization is targeted at reducing the volume of
waste generated or taken to landfill to the lowest
practicable quantity. Waste minimization can be
achieved through the adoption of the 4Rs.
Reduce i.e. to generate less waste.
Re-use i.e. to reuse materials in their original form.
Re-cycle i.e. to convert or transform waste back into a
usable form.
Recover i.e. to extract materials or energy from waste for
other uses. Example is composting, landfill gas.
• Inventory is the process of taking a list of waste, based
on source, type and quantity.
 Stages in Waste Management
• Characterization means to determine the physical,
chemical and toxicological properties of waste so that
proper method of handling and management can be
devised.
• Segregation or sorting is the separation of waste based
on characteristics, such as toxicology, form and types.
In this stage, decomposable wastes, such as vegetables,
food wastes, etc can be sorted out from others for
better management. Plastics, scraps, woods, debris,
clothes, papers, etc will also be handled appropriately
in designated containers. This helps to optimize waste
recovery.
• Treatment (if necessary) through thermal, physical or
biological or chemical means.
• Disposal is the last phase and least preferred waste
management option, as illustrated below according to
EPA.
Waste Management Hierarchy
Consequences of Improper Waste
Management

• Filthy Environment (public nuisance)

• Health problems
• Drainage blockages/erosion
• Siltation of water bodies
• Contamination of soil, water and air
• Destruction of vegetation.
• Destruction of aquatic lives
• Reduced crop yield
• Fire outbreak
• Ozone layer depletion
• Ground water contamination
• Global warming effects
Benefits of a Good Waste Management
• Good health
• Good environment
• Cost minimization
• Resource conservation
• More business opportunities
• Good housekeeping
Your Role in Waste Management
• Tidy up your work area regularly
• Maintain orderliness at work
• Look for ways to minimize waste through the 4Rs
(reduce, re-use, re-cycle, recovery)
• Avoid indiscriminate dumping of refuse
• Encourage your team/organization to engage in
waste segregation
• If you must dispose, then use approved disposal
methods for your waste.
In Conclusion
• Each industry has aspects of its activities that
results in waste or effluent produced which could
impact the environment adversely.
• Best operational practices require that industries
should endeavour to minimize work related wastes
or effluent production by researching and adopting
methods that would ensure the achievement of
their business goals and human needs in line with
the goals of sustainable development.
Submission of Continuous Assessment

• You are required to answer the continuous

assessment questions and submit by email to
[email protected]

• If you have questions, send to

[email protected]

• For general information and complains, send to

[email protected]
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